CN110741925A

CN110741925A - Cross breeding method for taro

Info

Publication number: CN110741925A
Application number: CN201911061072.6A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 颜梅新; 黄伟华
Original assignee: Guangxi Zhuang Nationality Autonomous Region Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Current assignee: Guangxi Zhuang Nationality Autonomous Region Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Priority date: 2019-11-01
Filing date: 2019-11-01
Publication date: 2020-02-04

Abstract

The invention discloses a konjac hybrid breeding method, which belongs to the technical field of agriculture, and is characterized in that two selected konjac hybrid parents are subjected to artificial pollination, the obtained fruits are subjected to aseptic seeding on an MS culture medium when the fruits are basically mature but not cracked, the seeds are transferred to the MS culture medium for culture after germination, the formed test-tube seedlings are subjected to acclimatization under natural illumination and then are taken out of bottles for cultivation, and the transplanting survival rate of the test-tube seedlings reaches more than 80%. The method has the advantages of high germination rate of the taro hybrid seeds, quick seedling formation, good seedling quality, strong operability, high application value and the like, and opens up a new way for taro hybrid breeding and seedling breeding.

Description

Cross breeding method for taro

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of agriculture, in particular to a method for crossbreeding taro.

Background

Taro [ Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott ] belongs to the genus taro of the family of the Araceae, is a perennial root herbaceous plant, native to china and india. Taro has high nutritive value, the bulb of the taro is rich in nutrient components such as starch, vitamins, amino acid and the like, and the taro is a vegetable and grain crop widely cultivated all over the world and also an optional biological energy crop, and a plurality of varieties also have medicinal value. The Zhujiang river basin is the most planted in China, and due to subtropical regions in Guangxi, the climate conditions are very suitable for planting taros, so that the method becomes one of main production areas of national taros, wherein the Lipu taros planted in Guangxi Lipu is particularly famous and becomes a national geographical sign to protect agricultural products. According to statistics, 10 ten thousand mu of taro is planted in Guangxi province, wherein the amount of betel nut taro planted in only Lipu county and Hezhou city exceeds 4 ten thousand mu, the average yield per mu reaches 2000 kg, the total output reaches 6 ten thousand tons, and the annual total output value exceeds 4 million yuan, so that a solid foundation is laid for the economic stability and development promotion of rural areas in two places.

Because the distribution range of the taros is wide and the taros are relatively concentrated in each distribution area, and the taros are mainly propagated in a vegetative mode, a plurality of regional populations of the taros are formed in the seeds. The advantages complementation among different populations is enhanced, and the application of the heterosis technology in taro crops is realized, so that the important theoretical and practical significance is realized for solving the current situation of lack of high-quality taro varieties and seedlings.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a taro crossbreeding method, which solves the technical problem that high-quality taro varieties and seedlings are lacked in the existing taro planting.

A method for crossbreeding taro, which comprises the following steps:

step 1: artificial pollination: selecting two taro parents for hybridization, collecting pollen of a male parent to be pollinated to stigma of a female parent;

step 2: and (3) sterile sowing: after hybridization pollination of taros, when fruits are basically mature and not cracked, the fruits are disinfected by 70-80% alcohol for 20-60 seconds, washed by sterile water for 2-3 times, then disinfected in 8% NaClO for 10 minutes, rinsed by sterile water for 2-3 times, and then the fruits are cut, seeds are inoculated to an MS culture medium by an inoculating needle for culture, and the seeds germinate and further form seedlings;

and step 3: strong seedling culture: inoculating the dense plantlets obtained by aseptic seeding to a strong seedling culture medium MS culture medium for culture, and further forming 4-6 cm-high rooted plantlets by the plantlets;

and 4, step 4: transplanting test-tube seedlings: when the plant formed by the plantlet is 4-6cm, transferring the culture bottle to natural light for hardening for 5-7 days, then taking out the culture bottle, cleaning the culture medium at the root, transferring the culture bottle to a substrate for cultivation, covering a plastic film, and preserving heat and moisture to obtain the seedling with the plant height of 7-9 cm.

The specific process of the step 1 is as follows: when two taro parents for hybridization are selected to bloom at the same time, artificial pollination is carried out within 2-3 days after the flowers are unfolded, pollination is carried out at 9-11 points in the morning, stamens and spatulas of the female parent are removed before pollination, and pollen of the male parent is conferred on the stigma of the female parent.

In the step 1, when two taro parents selected for hybridization do not bloom at the same time, the taro parent blooming first is taken as a male parent, the taro blooming later is taken as a female parent, pollination is carried out at 9-11 o' clock in the morning, stamens and spatulas of the female parent are removed before pollination, and pollen of the male parent is conferred on stigma of the female parent.

In the step 2, the time for the fruit to develop to be basically mature and the fruit not to crack is 30-40 days.

In the step 2, the height of the plantlets is 0.5-2 cm.

By adopting the technical scheme, the invention has the following technical effects:

the inventor carries out artificial pollination on two selected taro hybrid parents, aseptic seeding is carried out on the obtained fruits on an MS culture medium when the fruits are basically mature but not cracked, the seeds are transferred to the MS culture medium for culture after germination, the formed test-tube seedlings are hardened under natural illumination and then taken out of bottles for cultivation, and the transplanting survival rate of the test-tube seedlings reaches more than 85%; the method has the advantages of high germination rate of the taro hybrid seeds, quick seedling formation, good seedling quality, strong operability, high application value and the like, and opens up a new way for taro hybrid breeding and seedling breeding.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to preferred embodiments. It should be noted, however, that the numerous details set forth in the description are merely for the purpose of providing the reader with a thorough understanding of one or more aspects of the present invention, which may be practiced without these specific details.

Example 1:

a method for crossbreeding taro, which comprises the following steps:

step 1: artificial pollination: the two kinds of taro, i.e. the local taro and the Yunnan taro, bloom at the same time from 7 months to 8 months, artificial pollination is carried out at 10 points in the morning after the flowers are unfolded for 2 days, stamens and spatulas of the female parent are removed before pollination, and pollen grains of the male parent are pollinated to the stigma of the female parent. After pollination, a label is hung, and the label has the information of the name of the father and the mother, the hybridization date, the pollinator and the like. The success rate of pollination is counted at 1 month, and the maturing rate reaches more than 80 percent.

Step 2: and (3) sterile sowing: after fruits pollinated for 30 days are sterilized by using 75% -alcohol for 30 seconds, the fruits are washed by sterile water for 2-3 times, then the fruits are sterilized by using 8% NaClO for 10 minutes, then the fruits are rinsed by sterile water for 2-3 times, then the fruits are cut, seeds are inoculated to an MS culture medium by using an inoculating needle for culture, the seeds germinate for 5-10 days, seedlings are formed in 14 days, the germination rate of the seeds is more than 80%, and the seedling rate is more than 80%.

And step 3: strong seedling culture: and (3) inoculating the dense seedlings obtained by aseptic seeding to an MS culture medium for culture, and further forming rooted plants with the height of 4-6cm after 10-15 days.

And 4, step 4: transplanting test-tube seedlings: when the plant formed by the plantlets is 4-6cm, transferring the culture bottle to natural light for hardening for 5-7 days, then taking out the culture bottle from the tissue culture bottle, cleaning the culture medium at the root, transferring the culture bottle to a substrate for cultivation, covering a plastic film, preserving heat and moisture to obtain the seedlings with the height of 7-9cm, and the transplanting survival rate is more than 85%.

Example 2:

a method for crossbreeding taro, which comprises the following steps:

step 1: artificial pollination: the two kinds of taro, i.e. the local taro and the Yunnan taro, bloom at the same time from 7 months to 8 months, artificial pollination is carried out at 11 points in the morning after flowers are unfolded for 3 days, stamens and spatulas of a female parent are removed before pollination, and pollen grains of the male parent are pollinated to the stigma of the female parent. After pollination, a label is hung, and the label has the information of the name of the father and the mother, the hybridization date, the pollinator and the like. The success rate of pollination is counted at 1 month, and the maturing rate reaches more than 85 percent.

Step 2: and (3) sterile sowing: after fruits 35 days after pollination are firstly sterilized by 75% alcohol for 50 seconds, the fruits are washed by sterile water for 3 times and then are sterilized by 8% NaClO for 10 minutes, then the fruits are cut after being rinsed by sterile water for 3 times, seeds are inoculated to an MS culture medium by an inoculating needle for culture, the seeds germinate after 10 days, seedlings are formed after 14 days, the germination rate of the seeds is more than 85%, and the seedling rate is more than 85%.

And step 3: strong seedling culture: and (4) inoculating the dense seedlings obtained by aseptic seeding to an MS culture medium for culture, and further forming rooted plants with the height of 6cm by the seedlings within 15 days.

And 4, step 4: transplanting test-tube seedlings: when the plant formed by the plantlets is 6cm, transferring the culture bottle to natural light for hardening for 7 days, then taking out the culture bottle from the tissue culture bottle, cleaning the culture medium at the root, transferring the culture bottle to a substrate for cultivation, covering a plastic film, preserving heat and moisture to obtain seedlings with the height of 9cm, and the transplanting survival rate is more than 90%.

The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various improvements and modifications without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be construed as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. The method for crossbreeding taro is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:

2. The method of crossing breeding taro according to claim 1, wherein: the specific process of the step 1 is as follows: when two taro parents for hybridization are selected to bloom at the same time, artificial pollination is carried out within 2-3 days after the flowers are unfolded, pollination is carried out at 9-11 points in the morning, stamens and spatulas of the female parent are removed before pollination, and pollen of the male parent is conferred on the stigma of the female parent.

3. The method of crossing breeding taro according to claim 1, wherein: in the step 1, when two taro parents selected for hybridization do not bloom at the same time, the taro parent blooming first is taken as a male parent, the taro blooming later is taken as a female parent, pollination is carried out at 9-11 o' clock in the morning, stamens and spatulas of the female parent are removed before pollination, and pollen of the male parent is conferred on stigma of the female parent.

4. The method of crossing breeding taro as claimed in claim 2, wherein: in the step 2, the time for the fruit to develop to be basically mature and the fruit not to crack is 30-40 days.

5. The method of crossing breeding taro according to claim 1, wherein: in the step 2, the height of the plantlets is 0.5-2 cm.