CN110736435A - height measuring device and method based on solar geometric optics - Google Patents
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
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- G01B11/06—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring length, width or thickness for measuring thickness ; e.g. of sheet material
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
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Abstract
The invention discloses height measuring devices and methods based on the solar geometric optics principle, which comprise a lower supporting plate, a stepping motor, a sound wave distance meter, a level meter, a photosensitive sensor, an upper supporting plate, a controller and a data bolt, wherein the height measuring devices are easy to operate, portable to carry, low in requirements on working environment, automatic in data acquisition and transmission, capable of obtaining a similar rod member height analysis solution through a mathematical model of the solar geometric optics principle, capable of achieving definite advantages for intelligent measurement of the height of a fixed target object, and capable of reducing the measuring cost while expanding the application range.
Description
Technical Field
The invention discloses height measuring devices and methods based on a solar geometric optics principle, and belongs to the technical field of measurement.
Background
is a measure tool which is important in daily life and outdoor engineering work, for example, in courtyard design and decoration, the height of relative building or the length of decoration is needed to be measured, in field research, scientific research personnel need to collect the size data of some ancient buildings, if the height of the ancient buildings and the ancient towers needs to be known, the problem of tower foundation sinking is analyzed, in field work, the height of the high-voltage transmission tower needs to be measured to judge whether the depth of the foundation of the electric tower meets the engineering requirements, and the height data of buildings in several years are compared to judge whether geological sinking and the scale of sinking occur, etc.
The conventional measuring instrument has large mass and volume, is inconvenient to carry outdoors, has large requirement on hardness of the ground for erecting the instrument and has high requirement on professional literacy of operating personnel, so that the basic worker group with huge quantity and low professional level in China is difficult to push , and in addition, , when the conventional measuring instrument is used, the measuring personnel is sometimes required to climb to the top end of the measured object to place the measuring instrument, and the measured object is extremely easy to damage in the climbing process and simultaneously brings great safety risk to the measuring personnel.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems of the existing height measuring equipment, the invention designs novel devices for measuring the height of the rod piece vertical to the ground, solves the problems of expensive instruments, low precision, high measuring environment requirement, high quality requirement of measuring personnel and the like in the traditional height measuring method, expands the application range and reduces the measuring cost.
The invention provides height measuring devices based on a solar geometrical optics principle, which comprise a lower supporting plate 1, a stepping motor 2, a sound wave distance meter 3, a level meter 4, a photosensitive sensor 5, an upper supporting plate 6, a controller 7 and bolts 9, wherein the lower supporting plate 1 is uniformly provided with four holes, two groups of the four holes are symmetrically arranged at two ends of the lower supporting plate 1, each hole is internally provided with the bolt 9, the stepping motor 2 is arranged in the middle of the lower supporting plate 1, the upper supporting plate 6 is arranged on the stepping motor 2, the sound wave distance meter 3 is arranged on the lower plane of the upper supporting plate 6, the level meter 4, the photosensitive sensor 5 and the controller 7 are arranged on the upper plane of the upper supporting plate 6, and the stepping motor 2, the sound wave distance meter 3 and the photosensitive sensor 5 are respectively connected with the controller 7.
The device also comprises a data wireless transmitter 8 and a computer 10, wherein the data wireless transmitter 8 is connected with the controller 7, and the data wireless transmitter 8 is wirelessly connected with the computer 10.
The controller 7 is provided with a positioning module, a data receiving module and a data transmission module, wherein the positioning module has the function of determining longitude, latitude and an included angle with the south-pointing direction, and the function of the positioning module can be realized by the MTi710 of the Xsens brand; the data receiving module and the data transmitting module are respectively used for receiving and transmitting data and are the conventional functions of the controller.
The invention relates to a measuring method of a height measuring device based on the solar geometric optics principle, which comprises the following specific steps:
(1) the solar rays 11 irradiate the similar rod piece 12 to form a similar rod piece shadow 13, the height measuring device is placed at the edge of the similar rod piece shadow 13, and the edge line of the similar rod piece shadow 13 is arranged on the photosensitive sensor 5; leveling is carried out through four bolts 9 arranged on the lower supporting plate 1, so that the level meter 4 positioned on the upper supporting plate 6 is in a horizontal balance state, the computer 10 sends an instruction to the stepping motor 2 through the controller 7, the stepping motor 2 drives the acoustic ranging instrument 3, drives the upper supporting plate 6 and the controller 7 to rotate, and the included angle between the working direction of the acoustic ranging instrument 3 and the south azimuth is equal to the solar azimuth angle gammas，
(2) When the acoustic ranging apparatus 3 reaches a specified azimuth, the acoustic ranging apparatus 3 measures the length C of the rod-like shade 13AOObtaining the compensation length C of the horizontal projection of the similar rod piece through the photosensitive sensor 5BCAnd feeds data back to the controller 7, and a positioning module in the controller 7 feeds data back to the controllerThe position information is stored, after the data receiving module of the controller 7 receives the data of the acoustic wave distance measuring instrument 3 and the photosensitive sensor 5, the data transmission module transmits the data to the computer 10 by using the data wireless transmitter 8, the computer 10 processes the data, and the calculation formula is as follows:
H＝(CAO+CBC)·tanα (2)
in the formulae (1) and (2),
in the formulas (1), (2) and (3),
representing the latitude of the measurement;
δ＝0.006918-0.399912cosB+0.070257sinB-0.006758cos2B
+0.000907sin2B-0.002697cos3B+0.00148sin3B (4)
in the formula (4), B is a date correction coefficient which is a correction generated by the revolution of the earth around the day, and the calculation method is as follows:
n in the formulas (4) and (5) represents a date coefficient, namely the measurement time is the nth day of the current year;
omega is a solar time angle, and is a quantity taking day-night change as a period, and omega is 0 degree at solar noon; taking a positive value in the afternoon when the value is a negative value in the morning; and the calculation method is as follows:
ω＝15×(Ts-12) (6)
t in formula (6)sRepresenting the measured time of the earth's sun, and the calculation method is as follows:
Ts＝T+E±4(Lst-Lloc) (7)
l in the formula (7)locFor measuring the longitude of the earth, the sign in the formula is that the east hemisphere takes the positive sign, and the west hemisphere takes the negative sign; l isstUsed for making standard time of measurementLongitude of (d); t is the standard time of measurement when the computer 10 receives the data from the data wireless transmitter 8; e denotes a longitude correction coefficient, which is a correction by revolution of the earth, and the parameter equation of E is as follows in units of minutes:
E＝9.87sin2B-7.53cosB-1.5sinB (8)
in the formula (8), B represents a date correction coefficient, the calculation method is the same as the formula (5), and the height H of the similar rod piece 2 is obtained through calculation.
The horizontal projection compensation length C of the similar rod pieceBCThe calculation principle of (1) is as follows:
the edge of the rod-like shadow 13 is arranged on the surface of the photosensitive sensor 5, based on the inner photoelectric effect, partial light waves in the sunlight stimulate a photosensitive element arranged in the photosensitive sensor 5, the photosensitive element outputs different electric signal values, the electric signal output by the photosensitive sensor 5 is changed, the controller 7 amplifies, filters and converts the electric signal into digital-analog conversion to obtain the length of the photosensitive sensor 5 in the rod-like shadow 13, the photosensitive sensor 5 is fixed on the horizontal plane of the upper supporting plate 6, so the distance between the end of the photosensitive sensor 5 in the rod-like shadow 13 and the working surface of the acoustic distance meter 3 is known, and the horizontal projection compensation length C of the rod-like can be obtained by adding the length of the photosensitive sensor 5 in the rod-like shadow 13 and the distance between the end of the photosensitive sensor 5 in the rod-like shadow 13 and the working surface of the acoustic distance meter 3BC。
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the measuring equipment is easy to operate, portable and convenient to carry, and has low requirements on working environment;
2. the data acquisition and transmission program is automatically transmitted back to the upper computer to obtain a similar rod member height analytical solution, and the intelligent measurement of the height of a fixed target object has fixed advantages;
3. the height of a fixed object is measured by utilizing solar geometric optics, so that the application range is expanded, and the measurement cost is reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the structure of a height measuring apparatus according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing the use of the height measuring device according to example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a bar-like horizontal projection compensation length C of the height measuring device in accordance with embodiment 1 of the present inventionBC；
In the figure: 1-lower supporting plate, 2-stepping motor, 3-acoustic ranging device, 4-level meter, 5-photosensitive sensor, 6-upper supporting plate, 7-controller, 8-data wireless transmitter, 9-bolt, 10-computer, 11-sun ray, 12-type rod piece and 13-type rod piece shadow.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further described with reference to the following drawings and specific examples, which are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention.
Example 1
A height measuring device based on solar energy geometric optics principle, as shown in fig. 1, comprises a lower support plate 1, a stepping motor 2, an acoustic wave distance meter 3, a level meter 4, a photosensitive sensor 5, an upper support plate 6, a controller 7, a data wireless transmitter 8, bolts 9 and a computer 10, wherein the lower support plate 1 is uniformly provided with four holes, two groups of four holes are symmetrically arranged at two ends of the lower support plate 1, each hole is provided with a bolt 9, the stepping motor 2 is arranged in the middle of the lower support plate 1, the stepping motor 2 is provided with the upper support plate 6 above the stepping motor 2, the output end of the stepping motor 2 is connected with the upper support plate 6, the acoustic wave distance meter 3 is arranged on the lower plane of the upper support plate 6, the level meter 4, the photosensitive sensor 5 and the controller 7 are arranged on the upper plane of the upper support plate 6, the acoustic wave distance meter 3 is arranged at the end of the lower plane of the upper support plate 6, the photosensitive sensor 5 is arranged in the middle of the upper plane of the upper support plate 6, the working plane of the acoustic wave distance meter 3 is arranged at the side away from the photosensitive sensor 5, the working direction of the upper support plate 3 is parallel with the working direction of the upper support plate 6, the stepping motor 2, the working sensor 3, the working sensor 5 is connected with the working direction of the working controller, the working module is connected with the working module, the working module can transmit data of the working module, the working module.
The measuring method of the height measuring device based on the solar geometric optics principle comprises the following specific steps:
(1) as shown in fig. 2, the solar rays 11 irradiate on the rod-like member 12 to form a rod-like member shadow 13, the height measuring device is placed at the edge of the rod-like member shadow 13, and the edge line of the rod-like member shadow 13 is on the photosensitive sensor 5; leveling is carried out through four bolts 9 arranged on the lower supporting plate 1, so that the level meter 4 positioned on the upper supporting plate 6 is in a horizontal balance state, the effect that the acoustic wave distance meter 3 is parallel to the ground is achieved, and measuring errors are reduced; the computer 10 sends an instruction to the stepping motor 2 through the controller 7, the stepping motor 2 rotates the acoustic ranging device 3, drives the upper support plate 6 and the controller 7 to rotate, and the included angle between the working direction of the acoustic ranging device 3 and the south-pointing direction is equal to the solar azimuth angle gammas，
(2) When the acoustic ranging apparatus 3 reaches a specified azimuth, the acoustic ranging apparatus 3 measures the length C of the rod-like shade 13AOObtaining the compensation length C of the horizontal projection of the similar rod piece through the photosensitive sensor 5BCHorizontal projection compensation length C of similar rodBCThe calculation principle of (1) is as follows: the edge of the rod-like shade 13 is positioned on the surface of the photosensitive sensor 5, based on the internal photoelectric effect, part of light waves in the sunlight stimulate a photosensitive element arranged in the photosensitive sensor 5, the electric signal values output by the photosensitive element are different, the electric signal output by the photosensitive sensor 5 is changed, and the controller 7 amplifies, filters and converts the output electric signal into digital-analog conversion, so that the length of the photosensitive sensor 5 in the rod-like shade 13 is obtained; and the light sensor 5 is fixed on the horizontal surface of the upper supporting plate 6, thereforeThe distance between the end of the photosensitive sensor 5 in the similar rod piece shadow 13 and the front working face of the acoustic wave distance measuring instrument 3 is known, and the horizontal projection compensation length C of the similar rod piece can be obtained by adding the length of the photosensitive sensor 5 in the similar rod piece shadow 13 to the distance between the end of the photosensitive sensor 5 in the similar rod piece shadow 13 and the front working face of the acoustic wave distance measuring instrument 3BCAs shown in fig. 3;
the acoustic ranging device 3 feeds measured data back to the controller 7, a positioning module in the controller 7 stores position information, the position information comprises longitude and latitude of a measuring place, after a data receiving module of the controller 7 receives data of the acoustic ranging device 3 and the photosensitive sensor 5, a data transmission module transmits the measured data, the position information and the data of the photosensitive sensor 5 to the computer 10 through the acoustic ranging device 3 by using a data wireless transmitter 8, the computer 10 processes the data, and the similar rod horizontal projection compensation length C is obtained through calculationBCThen, the height of the target object is calculated by using the following formula:
H＝(CAO+CBC)·tanα (2)
in the formulae (1) and (2),
in the formulas (1), (2) and (3),
1、
representing the latitude of the survey, obtained by a positioning module within the controller 7;
δ＝0.006918-0.399912cosB+0.070257sinB-0.006758cos2B
+0.000907sin2B-0.002697cos3B+0.00148sin3B (4)
2. in the formula (4), B is a date correction coefficient which is a correction generated by the revolution of the earth around the day, and the calculation method is as follows:
n in the formulas (4) and (5) represents a date coefficient, namely the measurement time is the nth day of the current year;
3. omega is the solar time angle, is the quantity taking day and night change as the cycle, is the variable expressing the solar time in angle; sun midday ω is 0 °; taking a positive value in the afternoon when the value is a negative value in the morning; and the calculation method is as follows:
ω＝15×(Ts-12) (6)
t in formula (6)sRepresenting the time of the sun of the measurement place, the time of the sun is not times of the standard time of the measurement place, for example, the solar noon time means that sunlight just passes through the meridian of the measurement place, namely, the highest point in the air, but not the standard twelve points, the time of the sun is solved by the time conversion of the measurement place, and the function is a multi-element -degree function, and the calculation method is as follows:
Ts＝T+E±4(Lst-Lloc) (7)
l in the formula (7)locFor measuring the longitude of the earth, the sign in the formula is that the east hemisphere takes the positive sign, and the west hemisphere takes the negative sign; l isstLongitude used to establish a standard time of measurement; t is a standard time of measurement when the computer 10 receives data from the data wireless transmitter (8) (for example, when beijing in china).
E denotes a longitude correction coefficient, which is a correction by revolution of the earth, and the parameter equation of E is as follows in units of minutes:
E＝9.87sin2B-7.53cosB-1.5sinB (8)
b in the formula (8) represents a date correction coefficient, and the calculation method is the same as that of the formula (5); the height H of the bar-like members 2 is obtained by calculation.
Example 2
Using the apparatus of example 1, the height of the building of the chemical industry institute of Kunming science university was measured at 2019, 8 months, 20 days, 14: 00, the specific steps of the controller 7 in receiving the signal are as follows:
(1) the solar rays 11 irradiate the similar rod piece 12 to form a similar rod piece shadow 13, the height measuring device is placed at the edge of the similar rod piece shadow 13, and the edge line of the similar rod piece shadow 13 is arranged on the photosensitive sensor 5; leveling is carried out by four bolts 9 arranged on the lower supporting plate 1, so that the level 4 on the upper supporting plate 6The acoustic ranging device is in a horizontal balance state, so that the effect that the acoustic ranging device 3 is parallel to the ground is achieved, and measuring errors are reduced; the computer 10 sends an instruction to the stepping motor 2 through the controller 7, the stepping motor 2 rotates the acoustic ranging device 3, drives the upper support plate 6 and the controller 7 to rotate, and the included angle between the working direction of the acoustic ranging device 3 and the south-pointing direction is equal to the solar azimuth angle gammas，
(2) When the acoustic ranging device 3 reaches a designated direction, the sun ray 11 obliquely irradiates the similar rod piece 12, and the acoustic ranging device 3 measures the length C of the similar rod piece shadow 13AO9.47m, and the compensation length C of the horizontal projection of the rod-like member is obtained by the photosensitive sensor 5BCHorizontal projection compensation length C of similar rodBCThe calculation principle is that the edge of a similar rod piece shadow 13 is arranged on the surface of a photosensitive sensor 5, based on the internal photoelectric effect, partial light waves in sunlight stimulate a photosensitive element arranged in the photosensitive sensor 5, the value of an electric signal output by the photosensitive element is different, the electric signal output by the photosensitive sensor 5 is changed, a controller 7 amplifies, filters and converts the output electric signal into digital signals, the length of the photosensitive sensor 5 in the similar rod piece shadow 13 is obtained, the photosensitive sensor 5 is fixed on the horizontal plane of an upper supporting plate 6, therefore, the distance between the end of the photosensitive sensor 5 in the similar rod piece shadow 13 and the front end working surface of an acoustic wave distance meter 3 is known, and the horizontal projection compensation length C of the similar rod piece can be obtained by adding the length of the photosensitive sensor 5 in the similar rod piece shadow 13 and the distance between the end of the photosensitive sensor 5 in the similar rod piece shadow 13 and the front end working surface of the acousticBC；
The acoustic ranging device 3 feeds measured data back to the controller 7, the positioning module in the controller 7 stores position information, the position information comprises longitude and latitude of a measuring place, after the data receiving module of the controller 7 receives the data of the acoustic ranging device 3 and the photosensitive sensor 5, the data transmission module transmits the measured data, the position information and the data of the photosensitive sensor 5 to the computer 10 by the acoustic ranging device 3 through the data wireless transmitter 8, and the computer 10 is used for comparing the measured data, the position information and the data of the photosensitive sensor 5Processing the data, and calculating to obtain the compensation length C of the horizontal projection of the similar rod pieceBC0.17m, and then the height of the target was calculated using the following formula:
H＝(CAO+CBC)·tanα (2)
in the formulae (1) and (2),
in the formulas (1), (2) and (3),
1、
representing a measured latitude of 24.95 deg., obtained by a positioning module within the controller 7;
δ＝0.006918-0.399912cosB+0.070257sinB-0.006758cos2B
+0.000907sin2B-0.002697cos3B+0.00148sin3B (4)
2. in the formula (4), B is a date correction coefficient which is a correction generated by the revolution of the earth around the day, and the calculation method is as follows:
n in the formulas (4) and (5) represents a date coefficient, namely the measurement time is 232 days in the current year; calculating a B value;
3. omega is the solar time angle, is the quantity taking day and night change as the cycle, is the variable expressing the solar time in angle; sun midday ω is 0 °; taking a positive value in the afternoon when the value is a negative value in the morning; and the calculation method is as follows:
ω＝15×T(s-12)＝45.83 (6)
t in formula (6)sRepresenting the time of the sun of the measurement place, the time of the sun is not times of the standard time of the measurement place, for example, the solar noon time means that sunlight just passes through the meridian of the measurement place, namely, the highest point in the air, but not the standard twelve points, the time of the sun is solved by the time conversion of the measurement place, and the function is a multi-element -degree function, and the calculation method is as follows:
Ts＝T+E±4(Lst-Lloc)＝15.05578379 (7)
l in the formula (7)locFor measuring the ground longitude 102.87, the sign in the formula is that the east hemisphere takes the plus sign, the west hemisphere takes the minus sign, and China is in the east hemisphere, and then takes +; l isstLongitude 120 used to establish a standard time of measurement; t is a standard time of measurement when the computer 10 receives the data from the data wireless transmitter 8 (for example, when beijing is used in china), and T is 14 in this embodiment;
e denotes a longitude correction coefficient, which is a correction by revolution of the earth, and the parameter equation of E is as follows in units of minutes:
E＝9.87sin2B-7.53cosB-1.5sinB (8)
b in the formula (8) represents a date correction coefficient, and the calculation method is the same as that of the formula (5); the height H of the rod-like member 2 is obtained by calculation as 20.02 m.
Claims (6)
- height measuring devices based on solar geometric optics principle, which is characterized by comprising a lower supporting plate (1), a stepping motor (2), an acoustic ranging device (3), a level gauge (4), a photosensitive sensor (5), an upper supporting plate (6), a controller (7) and a bolt (9);evenly open on lower support plate (1) has four holes, every downthehole bolt (9) that is equipped with, step motor (2) set up the centre in lower support plate (1), be equipped with backup pad (6) above step motor (2), it sets up sound wave distancer (3) to go up backup pad (6) lower plane, it is equipped with spirit level (4) to go up backup pad (6) upper plane, photosensitive sensor (5), controller (7), step motor (2), sound wave distancer (3), photosensitive sensor (5) are connected with controller (7) respectively.
- 2. The height measuring device based on the solar geometric optics principle as claimed in claim 1, further comprising a data wireless transmitter (8) and a computer (10), wherein the data wireless transmitter (8) is connected with the controller (7), and the data wireless transmitter (8) is wirelessly connected with the computer (10).
- 3. The height measuring device based on the solar geometric optics principle as claimed in claim 1, wherein the controller (7) is provided with a positioning module, a data receiving module and a data transmitting module.
- 4. Height measuring device based on solar energy geometric optics principle according to claim 1, characterized in that the acoustic distance meter (3) is located at end of the lower plane of the upper support plate (6), the photosensitive sensor (5) is located at the middle of the upper plane of the upper support plate (6), the working surface of the acoustic distance meter (3) is at side far from the photosensitive sensor (5), and the working direction of the acoustic distance meter (3) is parallel to the upper support plate (6).
- 5. The method for measuring the height measuring device based on the solar geometric optics principle as claimed in claim 1 is characterized by comprising the following steps:(1) the solar rays (11) irradiate the similar rod piece (12) to form a similar rod piece shadow (13), the height measuring device is placed at the edge of the similar rod piece shadow (13), and the edge line of the similar rod piece shadow (13) is arranged on the photosensitive sensor (5); leveling is carried out through four bolts (9) arranged on the lower supporting plate (1), the level meter (4) positioned on the upper supporting plate (6) is in a balanced state, the computer (10) sends an instruction to the stepping motor (2) through the controller (7), the stepping motor (2) drives the sound wave distance measuring instrument (3), drives the upper supporting plate (6) and the controller (7) to rotate, and the included angle between the working direction of the sound wave distance measuring instrument (3) and the south-righting direction is equal to the solar azimuth angle gammas，(2) When the acoustic ranging device (3) reaches the designated direction, the acoustic ranging device (3) measures the length C of the rod-like shadow (13)AOObtaining the compensation length C of the horizontal projection of the similar rod piece through a photosensitive sensor (5)BCAnd feeding back the data to the controller (7), storing the position information by a positioning module in the controller (7), transmitting the data to the computer (10) by using the data wireless transmitter (8) after the controller (7) receives the data of the acoustic wave range finder (3) and the photosensitive sensor (5), and transmitting the data to the computer (10) by using the computer (10)Processing, the calculation formula is as follows:H＝(CAO+CBC)·tanα (2)in the formulae (1) and (2),
in the formulas (1), (2) and (3),representing the latitude of the measurement;
δ＝0.006918-0.399912cosB+0.070257sinB-0.006758cos2B+0.000907sin2B-0.002697cos3B+0.00148sin3B (4)in the formula (4), B is a date correction coefficient, and the calculation method is as follows:
n in the formulas (4) and (5) represents a date coefficient, namely the measurement time is the nth day of the current year;omega is a solar time angle and is a quantity taking day and night change as a period, and the calculation method is as follows:ω＝15×(Ts-12) (6)t in formula (6)sRepresenting the measured time of the earth's sun, and the calculation method is as follows:Ts＝T+E±4(Lst-Lloc) (7)l in the formula (7)locFor measuring the longitude of the earth, the sign in the formula is that the east hemisphere takes the positive sign, and the west hemisphere takes the negative sign; l isstLongitude used to establish a standard time of measurement; t is the standard time of measurement when the computer (10) receives the data of the data wireless transmitter (8); e denotes a longitude correction coefficient, which is a correction by revolution of the earth, and the parameter equation of E is as follows in units of minutes:E＝9.87sin2B-7.53cosB-1.5sinB (8)in the formula (8), B represents a date correction coefficient, the calculation method is the same as the formula (5), and the height H of the similar rod piece 2 is obtained through calculation. - 6. The method for measuring the height measuring device based on the solar geometric optics principle of claim 5 is characterized in that the edge of a rod-like shadow (13) is arranged on the surface of the photosensitive sensor (5), partial light waves in the sunlight stimulate a photosensitive element arranged in the photosensitive sensor (5), an electric signal output by the photosensitive sensor (5) is changed, the controller (7) processes the electric signal to obtain the length of the photosensitive sensor (5) in the rod-like shadow (13), the distance between the end of the photosensitive sensor (5) in the rod-like shadow (13) and the working surface of the acoustic distance meter (3) is known, and the horizontal projection compensation length C of the rod-like is obtained by adding the length of the photosensitive sensor (5) in the rod-like shadow (13) and the distance between the end of the photosensitive sensor (5) in the rod-like shadow (13) and the working surface of the acoustic distance meter (3)BC。
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