CN102589523A - Method and equipments for remotely monitoring displacement of building - Google Patents
Method and equipments for remotely monitoring displacement of building Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for remotely monitoring the displacement of a building and equipment including an industrial digital camera and a computer for remotely monitoring the displacement of the building. The method includes the following steps that: the industrial digital camera is put at a place with a distance of d away from the building to be monitored, and an observation point is selected from the building to be monitored; the percentage value between the imaging pixel of the digital camera and the actual distance and the sampling period are demarcated; the image of the observation point is picked up and is sent to the computer; the image is processed to be a target-point template image and then is stored; the industrial digital camera continuously and circularly captures the images of the observation point of the building to be monitored and sends the images to the computer; and the computer processes the captured images sequentially, compares the processed images with pre-stored target-point template image, and computes to get the horizontal and/or vertical displacement value of the detected target point, and the horizontal and/or vertical displacement value of the upper part of the building is also obtained. The method and the equipments have the beneficial effects that: displacement of a structure can be monitored remotely without touch; the measurement precision is high; and the equipment is convenient to carry and is low in cost.
Description
Technical fieldThe present invention relates to photometrology, relate in particular to the method and the used that use the displacement of photographic goods remote monitoring buildings.
Background technologyTo the monitoring of building bulk settling with its part knot displacement, prior art is through acceleration transducer, displacement transducer monitoring and obtain displacement data.Along with the development of GPS (GPS) hardware and software technology, utilize the dynamic perfromance of dynamic GPS technical monitoring tall and slender structure also to begin to be applied in recent years.But prior art receives the restriction of fabric structure external environment condition by the mode of acceleration transducer or displacement transducer, can't normally use sometimes.
Utilize the dynamic perfromance of dynamic GPS technical monitoring tall and slender structure, also receive like multipath effect, the visual condition of satellite, the satellite geometry strength of figure changes, and the influence of many factors such as regional electronic interferences causes its usefulness to reduce.Simultaneously, use the cost of GPS higher, uneconomical.
It is the method through laser beam that Chinese patent " ZL01129069 " is called " 2 D displacements of multiple large targets remote measuring method and equipment thereof ", and reference cell sends the laser beam of specific wavelength to the target surface that is fixed on tested structural target platform unit; Said laser beam is shot with video-corder with CCD (charge-coupled diode) device wherein in target platform unit, and the two-dimensional position and the shape of said laser beam are carried out digitized processing, then these digital signals is arrived the main control computer unit with microwave transmission; The main control computer unit carries out demodulation to received digital signal; And calculate the two-dimension displacement of said structure according to the digital signal of demodulation; Again the two-dimensional position and the shape of said laser beam are carried out digitized processing, and calculate the two-dimension displacement of said structure according to the digital signal of demodulation.This scheme has solved the problem of the remote monitoring large scale structure displacement of prior art, but this scheme has adopted laser, if chaff interference is too much in the air, certainly will influence laser propagation, and then influence monitoring effect.And this scheme have a modulation and demodulation process, also can produce big measuring error.
Chinese patent " ZL00204386 " is called " the vertical relative displacement self-operated measuring unit of structure " and has then provided a kind of apparatus that is used for measuring automatically civil engineering work foundation uneven settlement and other relative vertical displacements; This device utilizes the horizontality of liquid levels; Through one group of connecting pipe that is installed on buildings (or structures) basis; By the liquid level absolute altitude of diverse location, calculate the non-uniform settling and relevant vertical displacement on basis.The absolute altitude of liquid level on each measurement point can directly be read at the scene, also can be employed near the method that adds the resistance device liquid level, through the circuit remote monitoring.This scheme has solved vertical displacement or the monitoring problem of sedimentation of the large scale structure of prior art, but can not monitor its transversal displacement, is not suitable for the monitoring of skyscraper transversal displacement.
Summary of the inventionThe technical matters that the present invention will solve is to avoid the weak point of above-mentioned prior art and the method and the used that propose the displacement of a kind of remote monitoring buildings, solved the displacement of prior art monitoring buildings (or structures) cause cost too high, be difficult for realizing and problem such as precision is not enough.
The present invention solves the problems of the technologies described above the technical scheme that proposes to be, a kind of remote monitoring buildings displacement method based on the remote monitoring buildings displacement equipment that comprises industrial digital camera and computing machine, is implemented following steps:
A. place industrial digital camera from monitored buildings apart from the d place, regulating the observation station on said digital camera, the selected monitored buildings;
B. demarcate the pixel of digital camera imaging this moment and the ratio value of actual range with the template matches module that is installed in the said computing machine, set the digital camera sampling period;
C. absorb the image of observation station on the monitored buildings with industrial digital camera, the image of this observation station is sent in the computing machine;
D. said template matches module is to be stored in this computing machine behind the impact point template image to the Flame Image Process of observation station;
E. the sampling period instruction that said industrial digital camera is sent here by computing machine, the image of the observed object point of monitored building is absorbed in continuous, circulation, delivers in the computing machine;
F. the template matches module in the said computing machine is successively to after the Flame Image Process of absorbing in the step e; Compare and calculate with the impact point template image of storage in advance; Promptly obtain the level of measured target point and/or vertical shift value, also obtain this monitoring buildings level and/or vertical shift value.
Said industrial digital camera is just delivered to the gray-scale value of image in the computing machine, and it adopts wireless or wired mode and said computer interactive information.Said industrial digital camera comprises band front end enlarging lens and camera body, and this front end enlarging lens is a telephoto lens.
" the template matches software ground in the said computing machine is to be stored in the computing machine behind the impact point template image to the Flame Image Process of said impact point " also comprises the steps: in said step C
C1. the impact point part in the cut-away view picture is carried out the Flame Image Process based on pseudo-random sequence, and the sub-pixel point that obtains being evenly distributed is the template dot image, is stored in the computing machine;
C2. based on the correlation criterion said impact point sub-pixel neighborhood of a point of sampling, carry out stability analysis.
" impact point sub-pixel neighborhood of a point " described in the step C2 comprises 3 * 3 and/or 5 * 5 zones.Said pseudo-random sequence comprises Halton sequence, Sobol sequence, Faure sequence and Niederreiter sequence etc.
Step F described " the template matches module in the said computing machine is successively to after the Flame Image Process of absorbing in the step e; compare and calculate with the impact point template image of preliminary election storage; promptly obtain the level of measured target point and/or vertical shift value, also promptly obtain the level of this monitoring buildings and/or vertical shift value " also comprises the steps:
The image coordinate of the observation station in the image of F1. confirming to absorb in the step e compares with the image coordinate of same observation station in the impact point template image of storage in advance, draws pixel difference between the two;
The pixel of F2. demarcating among the step B and the ratio value of actual range calculate the level and the perpendicular displacement value of monitored buildings.
The notion that more than relates to " template matches " is will judge whether to have a certain object in the searching image, can realize this object is split from standard picture, is expressed as representing the model of this object with matrix form, and this model just is called template.According to the mutually knowledge and magnanimity of this template, judge whether it exists, and try to achieve the position of object in image that template matches just is in this operation with the each several part of a sub-picture.
The fundamental method of template matches is to find it by the coordinate position in the searching image through " related function ".
On the basis of calculating " related function ", " normalized autocorrelation function " proposed again, can reach coupling more accurately, improve the redundancy in the matching process.
Because the template matches calculated amount is big, so then carry out the coupling of object characteristic (unique point).Unique point comprises marginal point, point of interface and flex point etc.
The present invention solves the problems of the technologies described above the equipment that the displacement of a kind of remote monitoring buildings also is provided, and comprises industrial digital camera, computing machine and is arranged on the template matches module in this computing machine; Said industrial digital camera is electrically connected to computing machine; Absorb the image of the observed object point of monitored building with said industrial digital camera, and said image is sent in the computing machine.
The template matches module controls industry digital camera collection of said computing machine through being positioned at it is by the frequency of observation station image; And the image that sampling obtains handled; With the impact point template image anticipating and store relatively and calculate, show then or export the level of monitored building and/or vertical shift value and/or image.
Said industrial digital camera comprises band front end enlarging lens and camera body, and this front end enlarging lens is a telephoto lens.
The mode that said industrial digital camera is electrically connected to computing machine comprises wired or wireless mode.
Said equipment also comprise selectivity be installed on the monitored buildings, as the some luminophor of observation station, this luminophor comprises the LED lamp.
Compare with prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects as follows: adopt method of the present invention and used, can be under remote non-contacting situation displacement, the measuring accuracy of monitoring of structures high; The displacement deformation of display structure thing in real time, and can do further processing to the data of gained; Has high sampling rate.Can regulate SF according to the actual requirements, the used industrial digital camera SF of this system can be up to 60Hz, than the GPS height much at present.Total system is formed simple, and is in light weight, easy to carry; Price is low.With respect to laser scanner, high-precision GPS etc., this device price is much lower, and simple to operate.
Description of drawingsFig. 1 is the figure of the structural representation of equipping in the preferred embodiment of method and used of remote monitoring buildings of the present invention displacement;
Fig. 2 is the workflow synoptic diagram of said preferred embodiment;
Fig. 3 is the workflow synoptic diagram of the template matches module of said preferred embodiment;
Fig. 4 is the use synoptic diagram that is used to monitor the high-rise of h height in the present invention's the preferred embodiment;
Fig. 5 is the use synoptic diagram of the present invention's preferred embodiment when being used to monitor bridge.
EmbodimentBelow, further set forth the present invention in conjunction with the preferred embodiment shown in the accompanying drawing.
Referring to Fig. 1 to 5, preferred enforcement of the present invention is a kind of remote monitoring buildings displacement method, based on the remote monitoring buildings displacement equipment that comprises industrial digital camera and computing machine, implements following steps:
A. placing industrial digital camera 1 apart from d place from monitored buildings, regulating said digital camera 1, select the observation station on the monitored buildings;
B. demarcate the pixel of digital camera 1 imaging this moment and the ratio value of actual range with the template matches module 21 that is installed in the said computing machine 2, set 1 sampling period of digital camera;
C. with the image of observation station on the monitored buildings of industrial digital camera 1 picked-up, the image of this observation station is sent in the computing machine 2;
The Flame Image Process of 21 pairs of observation stations of D. said template matches module is to be stored in behind the impact point template image in this computing machine 2;
E. the sampling period instruction that said industrial digital camera 1 is sent here by computing machine 2, the image of the observed object point of monitored building is absorbed in continuous, circulation, delivers in the computing machine 2;
F. the template matches module 21 in the said computing machine 2 is successively to after the Flame Image Process of absorbing in the step e; Compare and calculate with the impact point template image of storage in advance; Promptly obtain the level of measured target point and/or vertical shift value, also obtain the level on this monitoring buildings top and/or vertical shift value.
Said industrial digital camera 1 is just delivered to the gray-scale value of image in the computing machine 2.
Said industrial digital camera 1 comprises band front end enlarging lens 11 and camera body 12, and this front end enlarging lens 11 is telephoto lenses.This industry digital camera 1 adopts wireless or wired mode and said computing machine 2 interactive information.
" the template matches software ground in the said computing machine 2 is to be stored in the computing machine 2 behind the impact point template image to the Flame Image Process of said impact point " also comprises the steps: among the said step C
C1. the impact point part in the cut-away view picture is carried out the Flame Image Process based on pseudo-random sequence, and the sub-pixel point that obtains being evenly distributed is the template dot image, is stored in the computing machine;
C2. based on the correlation criterion said impact point sub-pixel neighborhood of a point of sampling, carry out stability analysis.
" impact point sub-pixel neighborhood of a point " described in the step C2 comprises 3 * 3 and/or 5 * 5 zones.Said pseudo-random sequence comprises Halton sequence, Sobol sequence, Faure sequence and Niederreiter sequence.
Step F described " the template matches module 21 in the said computing machine 2 is successively to after the Flame Image Process of absorbing in the step e; compare and calculate with the impact point template image of preliminary election storage; promptly obtain the level of measured target point and/or vertical shift value, also promptly obtain the level of this monitoring buildings and/or vertical shift value " also comprises the steps:
The image coordinate of the observation station in the image of F1. confirming to absorb in the step e compares with the image coordinate of same observation station in the impact point template image of storage in advance, draws pixel difference between the two;
The pixel of F2. demarcating among the step B and the ratio value of actual range calculate the level and/or the perpendicular displacement value of monitored buildings.
The notion that more than relates to " template matches " is will judge whether to have a certain object in the searching image, can realize this object is split from standard picture, is expressed as representing the model of this object with matrix form, and this model just is called template.According to the mutually knowledge and magnanimity of this template, judge whether it exists, and try to achieve the position of object in image that template matches just is in this operation with the each several part of a sub-picture.
The fundamental method of template matches is to find it by the coordinate position in the searching image through " related function ".
On the basis of calculating " related function ", " normalized autocorrelation function " proposed again, can reach coupling more accurately, improve the redundancy in the matching process.
Because the template matches calculated amount is big, so then carry out the coupling of object characteristic (unique point).Unique point comprises marginal point, point of interface and flex point etc.
The present invention solves the problems of the technologies described above the equipment that the displacement of a kind of remote monitoring buildings also is provided, and comprises industrial digital camera 1, computing machine 2 and is arranged on the template matches module 21 in this computing machine 2; Said industrial digital camera 1 is electrically connected to computing machine 2; With the image of the observed object point of the monitored building of said industrial digital camera 1 picked-up, and said image is sent in the computing machine 2.
Said computing machine 2 is gathered by the frequency of observation station image through the industrial digital camera 1 of template matches module 21 controls that is positioned at it; And the image that sampling obtains handled; With the impact point template image anticipating and store relatively and calculate, show then or export the level of monitored building and/or vertical shift value or image.
Said industrial digital camera 1 comprises band front end enlarging lens 11 and camera body 12, and this front end enlarging lens 11 is telephoto lenses.The mode that this industry digital camera 1 is electrically connected to computing machine 2 comprises wired or wireless mode.
The equipment of this embodiment also comprise selectivity be installed on the monitored buildings, as the some luminophor of observation station, this luminophor comprises the LED lamp.
Influence in the practical application this measurement device factors of accuracy mainly comprise following some:
1) industrial digital camera pixel.This is the direct factor that influences precision, and pixel is high more, and true resolution is high more, and measuring accuracy is also just high more.Yet the high more cost that means of pixel is high more.
2) camera lens enlargement ratio.This influence factor is the same with the pixel reason.Choose reasonable front end camera lens 11 according to the actual requirements.
3) measuring distance.The distance of observation station and camera lens is far away more, and the physical length of each pixel representative is just big more, and realistic accuracy is just low more.For example, the pixel of camera is 2458 (level) * 2058 (vertically), if be 400 millimeters at 100 meters remote vertical direction actual ranges, system's true resolution in vertical direction is exactly 400/2048=0.19 millimeter/each pixel so; 200 meters remote true resolutions is exactly 2 * 400/2048=0.38 millimeter/each pixel.
Countermeasure: in actual measurement, make observation station and camera lens directly apart from dwindle as far as possible.
4) take measurement of an angle.If it is observation station wants the angle of measured motion direction and camera lens too little, just quite big according to error after the triangle relation conversion.(when measuring high-rise, because the television tower height is too high, the digital camera elevation angle is too big, and is too little with the angle of vertical direction, causes the measuring error of this direction very big.So, in the measurement data of vertical direction need not) countermeasure: in actual measurement, make observation station want the measured motion direction vertical with camera lens as far as possible.
5) industrial digital camera fixed form.If fixing is bad, itself is moved digital camera, with the measurement result that directly leads to errors.
Countermeasure: for long term monitoring, the mode of the pier that can fix is fixed on a place with industrial digital camera; For interim measurement, fixed tripod such as sandbag capable of using.
6) industrial digital camera surrounding environment.If neighbouring have vehicle or heavier mobile thing, increase measuring error thereby can make digital camera produce vibration; Fitful wind is the very big influence factor of another one.
Countermeasure: as far as possible away from road, the influence of less traffic factor on every side; Look for the local fixed camera of wind sheltering as far as possible, perhaps seek other equipment that keeps out the wind.
7) observation station and surrounding environment contrast.Because the observation station surrounding environment also possibly produce conversion, thereby has changed the contrast of observation station and surrounding environment, possibly cause system identification perhaps to confuse observation station like this less than the situation of observation station.
For this reason, can pacify the some luminophor as observation station in the buildings selectivity of monitoring, for example the LED lamp improves and measures smart Cuo degree.Use point to send out body such as LED lamp etc. and make target, observation station can be distinguished with surrounding environment, be convenient to coupling.
8) ambient light changes between industrial digital camera and the observation station.In repeatedly measuring, find that the light variation also can influence measurement result, in the particularly daylong measurement, if sunshine is directly bigger facing to the camera lens influence.
Countermeasure: as far as possible, the direct light of camera lens and observation station is remained unchanged not measuring in industrial DV and the direct sunshine that exposes of camera lens.
9) ambient humidity influence between industrial digital camera and the impact point.The variation of air humidity also can cause measuring error between camera lens and the observation station, and particularly when ground survey, the morning is when rising along with the rising day water steam of temperature.
Countermeasure: as far as possible avoid.
10) influence such as ambient dust between industrial digital camera and the observation station.If between camera lens and the impact point in the air dust also can cause measuring error too much.
Countermeasure: as far as possible avoid.
The inventive method is tried out in the construction of monitoring Shenzhen Stock Exchange, monitoring Hong Kong Tsing Ma Bridge bridge floor vertical direction displacement, the stay cables of bridge horizontal shift of a specified duration of spit of fland, Hong Kong, all the actual displacement situation of the correct reflect structure of ability.When monitoring the Guangzhou tower, used GPS that it is carried out displacement monitoring simultaneously.Through data relatively, on time domain, GPS utilizes the inventive method to check and removes these irregular noises because there is irregular noise in the defective of self, obtains more rational measurement result.
Claims (11)
1. the method for remote monitoring buildings displacement, the equipment based on the remote monitoring buildings displacement that comprises industrial digital camera (1) and computing machine (2) is characterized in that comprising the steps:
A. place industrial digital camera (1) from monitored buildings apart from the d place, regulating the observation station on said digital camera (1), the selected monitored buildings;
B. demarcate the pixel of digital camera this moment (1) imaging and the ratio value of actual range with the template matches module (21) that is installed in the said computing machine (2), set digital camera (1) sampling period;
C. use the image of observation station on the monitored buildings of industrial digital camera (1) picked-up, the image of this observation station is sent in the computing machine (2);
D. said template matches module (21) is to be stored in this computing machine (2) behind the impact point template image to the Flame Image Process of observation station;
E. the sampling period instruction that said industrial digital camera (1) is sent here by computing machine (2), the image of the observed object point of monitored building is absorbed in continuous, circulation, delivers in the computing machine (2);
F. the template matches module (21) in the said computing machine (2) is successively to after the Flame Image Process of absorbing in the step e; Compare and calculate with the impact point template image of storage in advance; Promptly obtain the level of measured target point and/or vertical shift value, also obtain this monitoring buildings level and/or vertical shift value.
2. according to the method for the described remote monitoring buildings of claim 1 displacement, it is characterized in that:
Said industrial digital camera (1) is just delivered to the gray-scale value of image in the computing machine (2).
3. according to the described remote monitoring buildings of claim 1 displacement method, it is characterized in that:
Said industrial digital camera (1) comprises band front end enlarging lens (11) and camera body (12), and this front end enlarging lens (11) is a telephoto lens.
4. according to the method for the described remote monitoring buildings of claim 1 displacement, it is characterized in that:
Said industrial digital camera (1) adopts wireless or wired mode and said computing machine (2) interactive information.
5. according to the method for the described remote monitoring buildings of claim 1 displacement, it is characterized in that:
" the template matches software ground in the said computing machine (2) is to be stored in the computing machine (2) behind the impact point template image to the Flame Image Process of said impact point " also comprises the steps: among the said step C
C1. the impact point part in the cut-away view picture is carried out the Flame Image Process based on pseudo-random sequence, and the sub-pixel point that obtains being evenly distributed is the template dot image, is stored in the computing machine;
C2. based on the correlation criterion said impact point sub-pixel neighborhood of a point of sampling, carry out stability analysis.
6. according to the method for the described remote monitoring buildings of claim 5 displacement, it is characterized in that:
" impact point sub-pixel neighborhood of a point " described in the step C2 comprises 3 * 3 and/or 5 * 5 zones.
7. according to the method for the described remote monitoring buildings of claim 1 displacement, it is characterized in that:
Step F described " the template matches module (21) in the said computing machine (2) is successively to after the Flame Image Process of absorbing in the step e; compare and calculate with the impact point template image of preliminary election storage; promptly obtain the level of measured target point and/or vertical shift value, also promptly obtain the level of this monitoring buildings and/or vertical shift value " also comprises the steps:
The image coordinate of the observation station in the image of F1. confirming to absorb in the step e compares with the image coordinate of same observation station in the impact point template image of storage in advance, draws pixel difference between the two;
The pixel of F2. demarcating among the step B and the ratio value of actual range calculate the level and/or the perpendicular displacement value of monitored buildings.
8. the equipment of remote monitoring buildings displacement is characterized in that:
Comprise industrial digital camera (1), computing machine (2) and be arranged on the template matches module (21) in this computing machine (2); Said industrial digital camera (1) is electrically connected to computing machine (2); With the image of the observed object point of the monitored building of said industrial digital camera (1) picked-up, and said image is sent in the computing machine (2);
Said computing machine (2) is controlled industrial digital camera (1) through the template matches module (21) that is positioned at it and is gathered by the frequency of observation station image; And the image that sampling obtains handled; With the impact point template image anticipating and store relatively and calculate, show then or export the level of monitored building and/or vertical shift value and/or image.
9. according to the equipment of the said remote monitoring buildings of claim 8 displacement, it is characterized in that:
Said industrial digital camera (1) comprises band front end enlarging lens (11) and camera body (12), and this front end enlarging lens (11) is a telephoto lens.
10. according to the equipment of the said remote monitoring buildings of claim 8 displacement, it is characterized in that:
The mode that said industrial digital camera (1) is electrically connected to computing machine (2) comprises wired or wireless mode.
11. the equipment according to the displacement of the said remote monitoring buildings of claim 8 is characterized in that:
Also comprise selectivity be installed on the monitored buildings, as the some luminophor of observation station, this luminophor comprises the LED lamp.
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| CN113959341A (en) * | 2021-10-14 | 2022-01-21 | 江苏科技大学 | Optical structure displacement measuring method, system and storage medium |
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