CN106092059B - A kind of works Horizontal Displacement Monitoring Method based on multi-point fitting - Google Patents
A kind of works Horizontal Displacement Monitoring Method based on multi-point fitting Download PDFInfo
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- CN106092059B CN106092059B CN201610476238.0A CN201610476238A CN106092059B CN 106092059 B CN106092059 B CN 106092059B CN 201610476238 A CN201610476238 A CN 201610476238A CN 106092059 B CN106092059 B CN 106092059B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
- G01C11/00—Photogrammetry or videogrammetry, e.g. stereogrammetry; Photographic surveying
- G01C11/04—Interpretation of pictures
- G01C11/06—Interpretation of pictures by comparison of two or more pictures of the same area
- G01C11/12—Interpretation of pictures by comparison of two or more pictures of the same area the pictures being supported in the same relative position as when they were taken
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- Length Measuring Devices By Optical Means (AREA)
Abstract
Large structure displacement monitoring method provided by the invention multiple tested point targets, reference point target and camera is arranged on the side of works to be measured, the image is set as template image after computer obtains the image that camera is shot for the first time；When the realtime graphic of computer acquisition camera shooting, and template image is combined to carry out analyzing processing to realtime graphic, obtains the in-plane displancement of works to be measured.This method utilizes the multiple tested point targets being arranged on the side of works to be measured to be fitted to obtain the in-plane displancement of works to be measured, the in-plane displancement that can be used in treating geodesic structure object measures, the reference point target being equipped between tested point target and camera simultaneously, when camera deflects, the error of detection is moved to tested point target position with the amendment of reference point target, improve entire monitoring precision, system cost low cost.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to photogrammetric technologies, more particularly to carry out works in-plane displancement monitoring using industrial photography equipment
And the method for landslide, surface subsidence or mobile monitoring.
Background technology
The prior art mainly settles large structure by total powerstation, displacement sensor or GPS displacement measurement systems
It is monitored with displacement, deformation.Although total powerstation precision is high, price is expensive, and cost expenses are too big, and total powerstation is accurate
Optical electronic equipment is difficult to apply to mal-condition, and host settlement also requires have larger space.Although displacement sensor can
Changed to understand the deformation of whole object relative to a certain reference position by some significant points of measurement structure object, but required
Displacement sensor be necessarily mounted at it is a certain perpendicular to measurand deform and also on the reference position of measurand relatively,
And establish this reference position and need to consume a large amount of manpower and materials, it can't generally retain for a long time, can not establish at all sometimes.
GPS displacement-measurement procedures use satellite positioning, are influenced by weather small, measure displacement high degree of automation, positioning is fast, relative accuracy
Height, but GPS satellite mensuration is easy by multipath effect, the visual condition of satellite, the variation of satellite geometry strength of figure, regional Electronic
Interference etc. the influence of factors and cause efficiency to reduce, while using GPS device cost it is higher.
Chinese patent " 103105140 A of CN " entitled " building deformation monitoring and the method for its monitoring " will swash
Optical transmitting set is mounted on close on a relatively given datum mark of measurand, and laser pickoff is mounted on deformation plance
On measured point, laser pickoff is the deformation values of this point in the displacement of the lines perpendicular to deformation plance direction.But in the process of measurement
In, once be subjected to displacement, the displacement for the laser facula that laser emitter is sent out occurs obviously the installation site of laser emitter
Variation makes laser pickoff be difficult to according to the judgement of the data of acquisition be that works is subjected to displacement or laser emitter moves
It is dynamic, influence monitoring effect.
Chinese patent " 103542893 A of CN " entitled " integrated mountain landslide supervision sensor " is using sensor to mountain
Body rock stratum and moisture in soil content carry out measured point acceleration and power data acquisition and by antenna come transmission data, with
This is monitored landslide.But the antenna used in this method is influenced very greatly by solar noise, this also influences data
Accuracy.
Chinese patent " 104794860 A of CN " it is entitled " mountain landslide supervision prior-warning device based on technology of Internet of things and its
The data of Sensor monitoring are transmitted to Internet of Things base by control method " by antenna, and Internet of Things base passes through mobile communication base
It stands and signal is wirelessly transmitted to mobile terminal.It needs to set up Internet of Things base in this method, this will consume a large amount of manpower and wealth
Power, while there is also the waste problems of resource.
Invention content
Aiming at the above shortcomings existing in the prior art, patent purpose of the present invention is to provide one using photogrammetric technology
Kind Structure displacement monitoring method, the in-plane displancement that can treat geodesic structure object measures, at low cost, and precision is high, solves
There are the problems such as of high cost, precision is inadequate for the detection method of the prior art.
In order to solve the above technical problems, realizing goal of the invention, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows：
A kind of works Horizontal Displacement Monitoring Method based on multi-point fitting, includes the following steps：
A）Multiple tested point targets are set on the one side of works to be measured, reference is equipped with successively in the front of the side
Point target and camera；
B）All tested point targets, reference point target are calculated separately at a distance from camera；Demarcate tested point target with its
The ratio of imaging pixel in camera；
C）The computer that configuration one is connect with camera, is arranged the sampling time of camera；
D）After computer obtains the image that camera is shot for the first time, which is set as template image and is preserved；
E）When reaching in the sampling time of camera, computer obtains the realtime graphic of camera shooting, and combines template image
Analyzing processing is carried out to realtime graphic, obtains the displacement of all tested point targets in realtime graphic；
F）The displacement of all tested point targets in computer combination realtime graphic obtains the in-plane displancement prison of works to be measured
Survey result.
Further, the step D is specially：After computer obtains the image that camera is shot for the first time, which is set as mould
Plate image, respectively obtains the barycenter of the barycenter and reference point target of all tested point targets in the template image, and preserves.
Further, the step E is specially：When reaching in the sampling time of camera, computer obtains the reality of camera shooting
When image, respectively obtain the barycenter of the barycenter and reference point target of all tested point targets in realtime graphic, and combine Prototype drawing
As carrying out analyzing processing to realtime graphic；
If the barycenter of reference point target overlaps in the barycenter and template image of reference point target in realtime graphic, illustrate phase
Machine does not deflect, and the in-plane displancement of works to be measured is by tested point target in tested point target in realtime graphic and template image
Mark obtains；
If the barycenter of reference point target has occurred relative to the barycenter of reference point target in template image in realtime graphic
Displacement illustrates that camera deflects, and is corrected to the barycenter of tested point target in realtime graphic, is schemed in real time first at this time
The correction barycenter of tested point target as in, the in-plane displancement of works to be measured are tested point target and mould after being corrected in realtime graphic
Tested point target obtains in plate image.
Further, if the camera does not deflect, the displacement of each tested point target is real-time in realtime graphic
In image in the barycenter and template image of the tested point target barycenter of the tested point target difference；That is Δ xai=xai2- xai1,
Δyai=yai2- yai1；And in obtaining realtime graphic after the displacement of all tested point targets, the displacement to all tested point targets
Multi-point fitting is carried out, the in-plane displancement of works to be measured is obtained；
If camera deflects, computer is corrected the barycenter of tested point target in realtime graphic, obtains in real time
The correction barycenter of i-th of tested point target is A in imagei0（xai0, yai0）, xai0=xai1+Mi/N*(xb2-xb1), yai0=yai1+Mi/
N*(yb2-yb1), in realtime graphic the displacement of each tested point target be in realtime graphic the correction barycenter of the tested point target with
The difference of the barycenter of the tested point target in template image；That is Δ xai=xai2- xai0, Δ yai=yai2- yai0；And it is real obtaining
When image in all tested point targets displacement after, multi-point fitting is carried out to the displacements of all tested point targets, obtains knot to be measured
The in-plane displancement of structure object；
Wherein, Δ xaiWith Δ yaiI-th of tested point target is on abscissa direction and ordinate respectively in realtime graphic
Displacement component on direction, xai0And yai0The correction barycenter A of i-th of tested point target respectively in realtime graphici0Abscissa
And ordinate, xai1And yai1The barycenter A of i-th of tested point target respectively in template imagei1Abscissa and ordinate, xai2
And yai2The barycenter A of i-th of tested point target respectively in realtime graphici2Abscissa and ordinate, xb1And yb1Respectively mould
The barycenter B of reference point target in plate image1Abscissa and ordinate, xb2And yb2Reference point target respectively in realtime graphic
Barycenter B2Abscissa and ordinate, MiFor the distance of i-th of tested point target to camera, N is reference point target to tested point target
Target distance.Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that：
Structure displacement monitoring method provided by the invention, it is multiple to be measured using what is be arranged on the side of works to be measured
Point target is fitted to obtain the in-plane displancement of works to be measured, and the in-plane displancement that can be used in treating geodesic structure object measures, together
When the reference point target that is equipped between tested point target and camera treated when correcting camera with reference point target and deflecting
The error of measuring point target displacement detecting improves entire monitoring precision, system cost low cost.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram of Structure displacement monitoring method in embodiment.
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of the tested point target of the side setting of works to be measured in embodiment.
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of the template image for photographing camera in embodiment and realtime graphic overlapping.
In figure, tested point target 1-4, reference point target 5, camera 6, computer 7.
Specific implementation mode
With reference to embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail, and embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.
Embodiment：
Since massif only has the slope surface of exposure on the outer surface that can install monitoring device, so this method applies also for examining
Survey the displacement of massif.As shown in Figure 1, 2, which is characterized in that include the following steps：
A）Multiple tested point targets are set on the one side of works to be measured（Such as 4 tested point targets are set in Fig. 1
1、2、3、4）, it is equipped with reference point target 5 and camera 6 successively in the front of the side；It wherein can be with when selecting tested point target
Centered on selecting a tested point target, other tested point targets are centered around the periphery setting of the tested point target at center.
B）All tested point targets, reference point target are calculated separately at a distance from camera；Demarcate tested point target with its
The ratio of imaging pixel in camera；Such as：The distance M of i-th of tested point target and camerai, reference point target to tested point target
Target distance N, the ratio R of i-th of tested point target and its imaging pixel in the camerai。
C）The computer 7 that configuration one is connect with camera, is arranged the sampling time of camera；Sampling time can be as the case may be
Determine, when it is implemented, can be COMPUTER DETECTION to the sampling time reaches when, control camera and shot, camera has been shot
Image is returned into computer afterwards.Either setting camera is that timed shooting returns to image after camera has automatically snapped
Computer.
D）After computer obtains the image that camera is shot for the first time, which is set as template image and is preserved；Specially：
After computer obtains the image that camera is shot for the first time, which is set as template image, respectively obtains in the template image and owns
The barycenter of the barycenter and reference point target of tested point target, and preserve.Template image is considered that works to be measured is not subjected to displacement
When state, it is that image below with camera captured in real-time is compared for convenience to preserve template image, obtains and waits for geodesic structure
The displacement of object.The barycenter of tested point target and the barycenter of reference point target can select the center of target.For example, can obtain
The barycenter A of i-th of tested point target in template imagei1（xai1, yai1）With the barycenter B of reference point target1（xb1, yb1）,
E）When reaching in the sampling time of camera, computer obtains the realtime graphic of camera shooting, and combines template image
Analyzing processing is carried out to realtime graphic, obtains the displacement of all tested point targets in realtime graphic；According to the real-time figure at certain moment
Displacement as the moment all tested point targets can be obtained.
Specially：When reaching in the sampling time of camera, computer obtains the realtime graphic of camera shooting, respectively obtains reality
When image in all tested point targets barycenter and reference point target barycenter, such as：Can obtain realtime graphic i-th waits for
The barycenter A of measuring point targeti2（xai2, yai2）With the barycenter B of reference point target2（xb2, yb2）.And combine template image to scheming in real time
As carrying out analyzing processing；The in-plane displancement of the works to be measured at certain moment inscribed when referring to this position of tested point target relative to
Home position（The position of tested point target in template image）The displacement of generation.
If the barycenter of reference point target overlaps in the barycenter and template image of reference point target in realtime graphic, illustrate phase
Machine does not deflect, at this point, the displacement that tested point target occurs in realtime graphic is only just the position that works to be measured occurs
It moves, the displacement of each tested point target is to be somebody's turn to do in the barycenter and template image of the tested point target in realtime graphic in realtime graphic
The difference of the barycenter of tested point target；That is Δ xai=xai2- xai1, Δ yai=yai2- yai1；And own in obtaining realtime graphic
After the displacement of tested point target, multi-point fitting is carried out to the displacement of all tested point targets, obtains the plane position of works to be measured
It moves；
If the barycenter of reference point target has occurred relative to the barycenter of reference point target in template image in realtime graphic
Displacement, as shown in figure 3, with one of tested point target for example, B in Fig. 31And B2It does not overlap, illustrates the monitoring subsystem
Camera deflects in system, at this point, the displacement that tested point target occurs in realtime graphic includes the position that works to be measured occurs
Move the error that the offset with camera is brought.The barycenter of all tested point targets in realtime graphic is corrected first, eliminates phase
Machine deviates the error brought, and obtains the correction barycenter A of tested point target in realtime graphici0（xai0, yai0）, xai0=xai1+Mi/N*
(xb2-xb1), yai0=yai1+Mi/N*(yb2-yb1), the displacement of each tested point target is that this in realtime graphic waits in realtime graphic
The difference of the correction barycenter and the barycenter of the tested point target in template image of measuring point target；That is Δ xai=xai2- xai0, Δ yai=
yai2- yai0；And in obtaining realtime graphic after the displacement of all tested point targets, the displacement of all tested point targets is carried out
Multi-point fitting obtains the in-plane displancement of works to be measured.
Wherein, Δ xaiWith Δ yaiI-th of tested point target is on abscissa direction and ordinate respectively in realtime graphic
Displacement component on direction, xai0And yai0The correction barycenter A of i-th of tested point target respectively in realtime graphici0Abscissa
And ordinate, xai1And yai1The barycenter A of i-th of tested point target respectively in template imagei1Abscissa and ordinate, xai2
And yai2The barycenter A of i-th of tested point target respectively in realtime graphici2Abscissa and ordinate, xb1And yb1Respectively mould
The barycenter B of reference point target in plate image1Abscissa and ordinate, xb2And yb2Reference point target respectively in realtime graphic
Barycenter B2Abscissa and ordinate, MiFor the distance of i-th of tested point target to camera, N is reference point target to tested point target
Target distance.
F）The displacement of all tested point targets in computer combination realtime graphic, by the position of obtained all tested point targets
Shifting is fitted on plane coordinates, obtains the in-plane displancement amount of works to be measured, to which the in-plane displancement amount is defined as plane position
Move monitoring result.Calculate what i-th of tested point target obtained（Δxai, Δ yai）Value be equal to the tested point target in the camera
The displacement formed after being scaled by certain imaging scale, calculates Ri* at this time（Δxai, Δ yai）For the true position of the tested point target
It moves.
Explanation is in the case where being arranged four tested point targets by taking Quadrilateral Method as an example, any other point B on face to be monitored
（U, v）Displacement, according to Quadrilateral Method and Ai1（xai1, yai1）、Ai0（xai0, yai0）, list EQUATION xai1=a*xai0+b* yai0+
c* xai1*yai1+ d, yai1=e*xai0+f* yai0+g* xai1*yai1+ h finds out undetermined coefficient a, b, c, d, e, f, g.B points move
B ' is arrived（U ', v '）, B ' is found out according to u=a*u '+b*v '+c*u*v+d, u=e*u '+f*v '+g*u*v+h（U ', v '）, calculate
ΔB（Δ u, Δ v）, wherein Δ u=u '-u, Δ v=v '-v, Δ B*R is the actual displacement at any point on face to be monitored, and R is
The R for the tested point target demarcatediAverage value.Tested point target number be other numbers when, can according to similar approach according to
Polygon rule is handled, and the displacement of tested surface arbitrary point is obtained.
This method can in real time be shown in the in-plane displancement of remote non-contacting works, high certainty of measurement
The displacement or sedimentation for showing works are overcome the measuring error come due to camera mounting structure Zona transformans and error, also may be used
To install telecommunication equipment additional in monitoring system-based, remote online monitoring is realized.This method measurement accuracy is influenced in
It include mainly the following：1, industrial digital camera pixel is higher, and resolution ratio is higher, can more measure small displacement.2, it waits for
Measuring point target, reference point target is closer at a distance from camera lens, and the physical length that each pixel represents is bigger, and precision is lower.3、
Monitoring system is preferably placed in the position of wind sheltering, is fixedly secured.It 4, mounted LED lamp, raising can monitor bright on target and measured point
Degree, facilitates monitoring.5, it tries not industrial digital camera to be directly exposed in sunlight and measures, make camera lens and observation point as possible
Light remain unchanged.6, it avoids being mounted on as possible and often nearby has vehicle process, in the excessive environment of wind-force.7, it selects as far as possible
Select the central point on orthogonal two boundary lines in works.
Finally illustrate, the above examples are only used to illustrate the technical scheme of the present invention and are not limiting, although with reference to compared with
Good embodiment describes the invention in detail, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that, it can be to the skill of the present invention
Art scheme is modified or replaced equivalently, and without departing from the objective and range of technical solution of the present invention, should all be covered at this
In the right of invention.
Claims (2)
1. a kind of works Horizontal Displacement Monitoring Method based on multi-point fitting, which is characterized in that include the following steps：
A）Multiple tested point targets are set on the one side of works to be measured, reference point target is equipped with successively in the front of the side
Mark and camera；
B）All tested point targets, reference point target are calculated separately at a distance from camera；Tested point target is demarcated with it in camera
The ratio of middle imaging pixel；
C）The computer that configuration one is connect with camera, is arranged the sampling time of camera；
D）After computer obtains the image that camera is shot for the first time, which is set as template image and is preserved；
E）When reaching in the sampling time of camera, computer obtains the realtime graphic of camera shooting, and combines template image to reality
When image carry out analyzing processing, obtain the displacement of all tested point targets in realtime graphic；
The step is specially：When reaching in the sampling time of camera, computer obtains the realtime graphic of camera shooting, respectively obtains
The barycenter of the barycenter and reference point target of all tested point targets in realtime graphic, and template image is combined to carry out realtime graphic
Analyzing processing；
If the barycenter of reference point target overlaps in the barycenter and template image of reference point target in realtime graphic, illustrate that camera does not have
It deflects, the in-plane displancement of works to be measured is obtained by tested point target in tested point target in realtime graphic and template image
It arrives；
If displacement has occurred relative to the barycenter of reference point target in template image in the barycenter of reference point target in realtime graphic,
Illustrate that camera deflects, the barycenter of tested point target in realtime graphic is corrected first at this time, is obtained in realtime graphic
The correction barycenter of tested point target, the in-plane displancement of works to be measured are tested point target and Prototype drawing after being corrected in realtime graphic
Tested point target obtains as in；
If the camera does not deflect, the displacement of each tested point target is that this in realtime graphic is to be measured in realtime graphic
The difference of the barycenter of the tested point target in the barycenter and template image of point target；That is Δ xai=xai2- xai1, Δ yai=yai2-
yai1；And in obtaining realtime graphic after the displacement of all tested point targets, it is quasi- that multiple spot is carried out to the displacement of all tested point targets
It closes, obtains the in-plane displancement of works to be measured；
If camera deflects, computer is corrected the barycenter of tested point target in realtime graphic, obtains realtime graphic
In i-th of tested point target correction barycenter be Ai0（xai0, yai0）, xai0=xai1+Mi/N*(xb2-xb1), yai0=yai1+Mi/N*
(yb2-yb1), the displacement of each tested point target is the correction barycenter and mould of the tested point target in realtime graphic in realtime graphic
The difference of the barycenter of the tested point target in plate image；That is Δ xai=xai2- xai0, Δ yai=yai2- yai0；And it is real-time obtaining
In image after the displacement of all tested point targets, multi-point fitting is carried out to the displacement of all tested point targets, obtains waiting for geodesic structure
The in-plane displancement of object；
Wherein, Δ xaiWith Δ yaiI-th of tested point target is on abscissa direction and ordinate direction respectively in realtime graphic
On displacement component, xai0And yai0The correction barycenter A of i-th of tested point target respectively in realtime graphici0Abscissa and vertical
Coordinate, xai1And yai1The barycenter A of i-th of tested point target respectively in template imagei1Abscissa and ordinate, xai2And yai2
The barycenter A of i-th of tested point target respectively in realtime graphici2Abscissa and ordinate, xb1And yb1Respectively template image
The barycenter B of middle reference point target1Abscissa and ordinate, xb2And yb2The barycenter B of reference point target respectively in realtime graphic2
Abscissa and ordinate, MiFor the distance of i-th of tested point target to camera, N is reference point target to tested point target
Distance；
F）The displacement of all tested point targets in computer combination realtime graphic obtains the in-plane displancement monitoring knot of works to be measured
Fruit.
2. the works Horizontal Displacement Monitoring Method based on multi-point fitting as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the step
Suddenly D is specially：After computer obtains the image that camera is shot for the first time, which is set as template image, respectively obtains the template
The barycenter of the barycenter and reference point target of all tested point targets in image, and preserve.
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| CN106871793B (en) * | 2017-04-20 | 2019-02-19 | 吴慧明 | A method of it is displaced using laser and imaging technique combined monitoring building |
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| CN110706456B (en) * | 2019-10-19 | 2021-06-15 | 中国科学院、水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所 | Rapid early warning system for debris flow |
| CN111397589A (en) * | 2020-04-07 | 2020-07-10 | 四川省公路规划勘察设计研究院有限公司 | Deformation monitoring and measuring method |
| CN112880572B (en) * | 2021-03-05 | 2022-11-25 | 杭州国翌科技有限公司 | Multipoint surface displacement measuring method and device |
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| CN114067533A (en) * | 2021-11-27 | 2022-02-18 | 四川大学 | Geological disaster photographing monitoring and early warning method |
| CN115031636B (en) * | 2022-06-06 | 2024-07-19 | 高速铁路建造技术国家工程实验室 | Atmospheric turbulence error weakening method in visual displacement measurement of multi-angle point target |
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