CN110736435B - A kind of height measuring device and method based on solar geometrical optics - Google Patents
A kind of height measuring device and method based on solar geometrical optics Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开一种基于太阳能几何光学原理的高度测量装置及方法，包括下支撑板、步进电机、声波测距仪、水平仪、光敏传感器、上支撑板、控制器、数据螺栓；本发明操作简易，携带轻便，对工作环境要求不高；数据采集与传输自动运行，通过太阳能几何光学原理数学模型获得类杆件高度解析解；对于固定式目标物高度的智能化测量，具有一定的优势；在拓展了适用范围的同时，降低了测量成本。
The invention discloses a height measuring device and method based on the principle of solar geometrical optics, comprising a lower support plate, a stepping motor, a sound wave distance meter, a spirit level, a photosensitive sensor, an upper support plate, a controller and a data bolt; the invention is easy to operate , easy to carry, and does not require high working environment; data acquisition and transmission are automatically operated, and the analytical solution of rod-like height is obtained through the mathematical model of solar geometric optics principle; it has certain advantages for intelligent measurement of fixed target height; While expanding the scope of application, the measurement cost is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention discloses a height measuring device and method based on a solar geometric optics principle, and belongs to the technical field of measurement.
Background
Measuring tools have been of great importance in the fields of daily life and outdoor engineering work. For example, in yard design and finishing processes, the height of the associated building or the length of the trim needs to be measured; in field investigation, scientific researchers need to acquire the size data of certain ancient buildings, and if the heights of the ancient buildings and the ancient towers need to be known, the problems that tower foundations sink and the like are analyzed; in field operation, the height of the high-voltage power transmission tower needs to be measured to judge whether the depth of the foundation of the power tower meets the engineering requirements, and the height data of buildings are compared for several years to judge whether geological settlement occurs and the settlement scale; and so on.
At present, the height measuring instruments on the market mainly comprise a laser type altimeter and a theodolite, but most of the altimeters are expensive, have low precision and have high requirements on the surface reflectivity and the size of a measured object. The conventional measuring instrument has large self-mass and volume, is inconvenient to carry outdoors, requires high hardness on the ground for erecting the instrument and has high requirement on professional literacy of operators, so that the conventional measuring instrument is difficult to popularize in basic worker groups with huge quantity and low professional level in China. On the other hand, when using traditional height finding instrument, need measurement personnel to climb to the testee top sometimes and place measuring instrument, when climbing the in-process and extremely damaging the testee, also brought very big safety risk for measurement personnel.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems of the existing height measuring equipment, the invention designs a novel device for measuring the height of the rod piece vertical to the ground, solves the problems of expensive instruments, lower precision, high measuring environment requirement, high quality requirement of measuring personnel and the like in the traditional height measuring method, expands the application range and reduces the measuring cost.
The invention provides a height measuring device based on a solar geometric optics principle, which comprises a lower supporting plate 1, a stepping motor 2, an acoustic ranging device 3, a level meter 4, a photosensitive sensor 5, an upper supporting plate 6, a controller 7 and a bolt 9, wherein the lower supporting plate is fixed on the lower supporting plate; evenly open on the bottom suspension fagging 1 has four holes, four holes are a set of for two, the symmetry sets up the both ends at bottom suspension fagging 1, every downthehole bolt 9 that is equipped with, step motor 2 sets up the centre at bottom suspension fagging 1, be equipped with backup pad 6 above step motor 2, it sets up sound wave distancer 3 to go up backup pad 6 lower plane, it is equipped with spirit level 4 to go up backup pad 6 upper plane, photosensitive sensor 5, controller 7, step motor 2, sound wave distancer 3, photosensitive sensor 5 is connected with controller 7 respectively.
The device also comprises a data wireless transmitter 8 and a computer 10, wherein the data wireless transmitter 8 is connected with the controller 7, and the data wireless transmitter 8 is wirelessly connected with the computer 10.
The controller 7 is provided with a positioning module, a data receiving module and a data transmission module, wherein the positioning module has the function of determining longitude, latitude and an included angle with the south-pointing direction, and the function of the positioning module can be realized by the MTi710 of the Xsens brand; the data receiving module and the data transmitting module are respectively used for receiving and transmitting data and are the conventional functions of the controller.
The invention relates to a measuring method of a height measuring device based on the solar geometric optics principle, which comprises the following specific steps:
(1) the solar rays 11 irradiate the similar rod piece 12 to form a similar rod piece shadow 13, the height measuring device is placed at the edge of the similar rod piece shadow 13, and the edge line of the similar rod piece shadow 13 is arranged on the photosensitive sensor 5; leveling is carried out through four bolts 9 arranged on the lower supporting plate 1, so that the level meter 4 positioned on the upper supporting plate 6 is in a horizontal balance state, the computer 10 sends an instruction to the stepping motor 2 through the controller 7, the stepping motor 2 drives the acoustic ranging instrument 3, drives the upper supporting plate 6 and the controller 7 to rotate, and the included angle between the working direction of the acoustic ranging instrument 3 and the south azimuth is equal to the solar azimuth angle gammas，
(2) When the acoustic ranging apparatus 3 reaches a specified azimuth, the acoustic ranging apparatus 3 measures the length C of the rod-like shade 13AOObtaining the compensation length C of the horizontal projection of the similar rod piece through the photosensitive sensor 5BCAnd feeding back the data to the controller 7, storing the position information by a positioning module in the controller 7, receiving the data of the acoustic wave range finder 3 and the photosensitive sensor 5 by a data receiving module of the controller 7, transmitting the data to the computer 10 by a data transmission module by using a data wireless transmitter 8, and processing the data by the computer 10, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
H＝(CAO+CBC)·tanα (2)
in the formulae (1) and (2),
in the formulas (1), (2) and (3),
δ＝0.006918-0.399912cos B+0.070257sin B-0.006758cos 2B+0.000907sin 2B-0.002697cos 3B+0.00148sin 3B (4)
in the formula (4), B is a date correction coefficient, which is one of corrections generated by the revolution of the earth around the day, and the calculation method is as follows:
n in the formulas (4) and (5) represents a date coefficient, namely the measurement time is the nth day of the current year;
omega is a solar time angle, and is a quantity taking day-night change as a period, and omega is 0 degree at solar noon; taking a positive value in the afternoon when the value is a negative value in the morning; and the calculation method is as follows:
ω＝15×(Ts-12) (6)
t in formula (6)sRepresenting the measured time of the earth's sun, and the calculation method is as follows:
Ts＝T+E±4(Lst-Lloc) (7)
l in the formula (7)locFor measuring the longitude of the earth, the sign in the formula is that the east hemisphere takes the positive sign, and the west hemisphere takes the negative sign; l isstLongitude used to establish a standard time of measurement; t is the standard time of measurement when the computer 10 receives the data from the data wireless transmitter 8; e denotes a longitude correction coefficient, which is a correction by revolution of the earth, and the parameter equation of E is as follows in units of minutes:
E＝9.87sin 2B-7.53cos B-1.5sin B (8)
in the formula (8), B represents a date correction coefficient, and the calculation method is the same as the formula (5), and the height H of the similar rod 12 is obtained through calculation.
The horizontal projection compensation length C of the similar rod pieceBCThe calculation principle of (1) is as follows:
the edge of the rod-like shade 13 is arranged on the surface of the photosensitive sensor 5, based on the internal photoelectric effect, partial light waves in the sunlight stimulate a photosensitive element arranged in the photosensitive sensor 5, the photosensitive element outputs different electric signal values, the electric signal output by the photosensitive sensor 5 is changed, and the controller 7 amplifies, filters and converts the electric signal into digital-analog conversion, so that the length of the photosensitive sensor 5 in the rod-like shade 13 is obtained; the photosensitive sensor 5 is fixed on the horizontal surface of the upper supporting plate 6, so that the distance between one end of the photosensitive sensor 5 in the rod-like shade 13 and the working surface of the acoustic ranging device 3 is known; adding the length of the photosensitive sensor 5 in the similar rod piece shadow 13 to the distance between one end of the photosensitive sensor 5 in the similar rod piece shadow 13 and the working surface of the acoustic wave distance meter 3 to obtain the similar rod piece horizontal projection compensation length CBC。
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the measuring equipment is easy to operate, portable and convenient to carry, and has low requirements on working environment;
2. the data acquisition and transmission program is automatically transmitted back to the upper computer to obtain a similar rod member height analytical solution, and the intelligent measurement of the height of the fixed target object has certain advantages;
3. the height of a fixed object is measured by utilizing solar geometric optics, so that the application range is expanded, and the measurement cost is reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the structure of a height measuring apparatus according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing the use of the height measuring device according to example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a bar-like horizontal projection compensation length C of the height measuring device in accordance with embodiment 1 of the present inventionBC；
In the figure: 1-lower supporting plate, 2-stepping motor, 3-acoustic ranging device, 4-level meter, 5-photosensitive sensor, 6-upper supporting plate, 7-controller, 8-data wireless transmitter, 9-bolt, 10-computer, 11-sun ray, 12-type rod piece and 13-type rod piece shadow.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific examples, which are provided for illustrative purposes only.
Example 1
A height measuring device based on the solar geometric optics principle is shown in figure 1 and comprises a lower supporting plate 1, a stepping motor 2, an acoustic wave distance measuring instrument 3, a level meter 4, a photosensitive sensor 5, an upper supporting plate 6, a controller 7, a data wireless transmitter 8, a bolt 9 and a computer 10; four holes are uniformly formed in the lower supporting plate 1, the four holes are arranged in a group of two and symmetrically arranged at two ends of the lower supporting plate 1, a bolt 9 is arranged in each hole, the stepping motor 2 is arranged in the middle of the lower supporting plate 1, an upper supporting plate 6 is arranged on the stepping motor 2, the output end of the stepping motor 2 is connected with the upper supporting plate 6, an acoustic wave distance measuring instrument 3 is arranged on the lower plane of the upper supporting plate 6, a level meter 4, a photosensitive sensor 5 and a controller 7 are arranged on the upper plane of the upper supporting plate 6, the acoustic wave distance measuring instrument 3 is positioned at one end of the lower plane of the upper supporting plate 6, the photosensitive sensor 5 is positioned in the middle of the upper plane of the upper supporting plate 6, the working surface of the acoustic wave distance measuring instrument 3 is arranged at one side far away from the photosensitive sensor 5, the working direction of the acoustic wave distance measuring instrument 3 is parallel to the upper supporting plate 6, the, the data wireless transmitter 8 is wirelessly connected with the computer 10, the controller 7 is provided with a positioning module, a data receiving module and a data transmission module, the positioning module has the function of determining longitude and latitude as well as an included angle between the working direction (the direction of the upper support plate 6) of the acoustic range finder 3 and the south-pointing direction (the controller 7 can be parallel to the working direction of the acoustic range finder 3 and the upper support plate 6, so that the positioning module of the controller 7 is similar to the compass function, the angle between the controller 7 and the south direction can be measured, and the included angle between the working direction of the acoustic range finder 3 and the south-pointing direction can be further obtained), and the function of the positioning module can be realized by the MTi710 of the Xsens brand; the data receiving module and the data transmitting module are respectively used for receiving and transmitting data.
The measuring method of the height measuring device based on the solar geometric optics principle comprises the following specific steps:
(1) as shown in fig. 2, the solar rays 11 irradiate on the rod-like member 12 to form a rod-like member shadow 13, the height measuring device is placed at the edge of the rod-like member shadow 13, and the edge line of the rod-like member shadow 13 is on the photosensitive sensor 5; leveling is carried out through four bolts 9 arranged on the lower supporting plate 1, so that the level meter 4 positioned on the upper supporting plate 6 is in a horizontal balance state, the effect that the acoustic wave distance meter 3 is parallel to the ground is achieved, and measuring errors are reduced; the computer 10 sends an instruction to the stepping motor 2 through the controller 7, the stepping motor 2 rotates the acoustic ranging device 3, drives the upper support plate 6 and the controller 7 to rotate, and the included angle between the working direction of the acoustic ranging device 3 and the south-pointing direction is equal to the solar azimuth angle gammas，
(2) When the acoustic ranging apparatus 3 reaches a specified azimuth, the acoustic ranging apparatus 3 measures the length C of the rod-like shade 13AOObtaining the compensation length C of the horizontal projection of the similar rod piece through the photosensitive sensor 5BCHorizontal projection compensation length C of similar rodBCThe calculation principle of (1) is as follows: the edge of the rod-like shade 13 is positioned on the surface of the photosensitive sensor 5, based on the internal photoelectric effect, part of light waves in the sunlight stimulate a photosensitive element arranged in the photosensitive sensor 5, the electric signal values output by the photosensitive element are different, the electric signal output by the photosensitive sensor 5 is changed, and the controller 7 amplifies, filters and converts the output electric signal into digital-analog conversion, so that the length of the photosensitive sensor 5 in the rod-like shade 13 is obtained; the photosensitive sensor 5 is fixed on the horizontal surface of the upper supporting plate 6, so that the distance between one end of the photosensitive sensor 5 in the rod-like shade 13 and the front working surface of the acoustic ranging device 3 is known; adding the length of the photosensitive sensor 5 in the similar rod piece shadow 13 to the distance between one end of the photosensitive sensor 5 in the similar rod piece shadow 13 and the front working surface of the acoustic wave distance meter 3 to obtain the similar rod piece horizontal projection compensation length CBCAs shown in fig. 3;
the acoustic ranging device 3 feeds measured data back to the controller 7, a positioning module in the controller 7 stores position information, the position information comprises longitude and latitude of a measuring place, after a data receiving module of the controller 7 receives data of the acoustic ranging device 3 and the photosensitive sensor 5, a data transmission module transmits the measured data, the position information and the data of the photosensitive sensor 5 to the computer 10 through the acoustic ranging device 3 by using a data wireless transmitter 8, the computer 10 processes the data, and the similar rod horizontal projection compensation length C is obtained through calculationBCThen, the height of the target object is calculated by using the following formula:
H＝(CAO+CBC)·tanα (2)
in the formulae (1) and (2),
in the formulas (1), (2) and (3),
δ＝0.006918-0.399912cos B+0.070257sin B-0.006758cos 2B+0.000907sin 2B-0.002697cos 3B+0.00148sin 3B (4)
in the formula (4), B is a date correction coefficient, which is one of corrections generated by the revolution of the earth around the day, and the calculation method is as follows:
n in the formulas (4) and (5) represents a date coefficient, namely the measurement time is the nth day of the current year;
omega is the solar time angle, is the quantity taking day and night change as the cycle, is the variable expressing the solar time in angle; sun midday ω is 0 °; taking a positive value in the afternoon when the value is a negative value in the morning; and the calculation method is as follows:
ω＝15×(Ts-12) (6)
t in formula (6)sRepresenting the time of the measurement ground sun, the time of the sun is inconsistent with the time of the measurement ground, for example, the solar noon time means that sunlight just passes through the measurement ground meridian, namely, at the highest point in the air, but not the standard twelve points, the time of the sun is solved by the time conversion of the measurement ground, the time of the sun is a multivariate linear function of the time, and the calculation method is as follows:
Ts＝T+E±4(Lst-Lloc) (7)
l in the formula (7)locFor measuring the longitude of the earth, the sign in the formula is that the east hemisphere takes the positive sign, and the west hemisphere takes the negative sign; l isstLongitude used to establish a standard time of measurement; t is a standard time of measurement when the computer 10 receives data from the data wireless transmitter (8) (for example, when beijing in china).
E denotes a longitude correction coefficient, which is a correction by revolution of the earth, and the parameter equation of E is as follows in units of minutes:
E＝9.87sin2B-7.53cos B-1.5sin B (8)
b in the formula (8) represents a date correction coefficient, and the calculation method is the same as that of the formula (5); the height H of the bar-like members 12 is obtained by calculation.
Example 2
Using the apparatus of example 1, the height of the building of the chemical industry institute of Kunming science university was measured at 2019, 8 months, 20 days, 14: 00, the specific steps of the controller 7 in receiving the signal are as follows:
(1) the solar rays 11 irradiate the similar rod piece 12 to form a similar rod piece shadow 13, the height measuring device is placed at the edge of the similar rod piece shadow 13, and the edge line of the similar rod piece shadow 13 is arranged on the photosensitive sensor 5; leveling is carried out through four bolts 9 arranged on the lower supporting plate 1, so that the level meter 4 positioned on the upper supporting plate 6 is in a horizontal balance state, the effect that the acoustic wave distance meter 3 is parallel to the ground is achieved, and measuring errors are reduced; the computer 10 sends an instruction to the stepping motor 2 through the controller 7, the stepping motor 2 rotates the acoustic ranging instrument 3, drives the upper supporting plate 6 and the controller 7 to rotate, and the included angle between the working direction of the acoustic ranging instrument 3 and the south-pointing direction is equal to the included angle between the solar direction and the south-pointing directionAngle gammas，
(2) When the acoustic ranging device 3 reaches a designated direction, the sun ray 11 obliquely irradiates the similar rod piece 12, and the acoustic ranging device 3 measures the length C of the similar rod piece shadow 13AO9.47m, and the compensation length C of the horizontal projection of the rod-like member is obtained by the photosensitive sensor 5BCHorizontal projection compensation length C of similar rodBCThe calculation principle of (1) is as follows: the edge of the rod-like shade 13 is positioned on the surface of the photosensitive sensor 5, based on the internal photoelectric effect, part of light waves in the sunlight stimulate a photosensitive element arranged in the photosensitive sensor 5, the electric signal values output by the photosensitive element are different, the electric signal output by the photosensitive sensor 5 is changed, and the controller 7 amplifies, filters and converts the output electric signal into digital-analog conversion, so that the length of the photosensitive sensor 5 in the rod-like shade 13 is obtained; the photosensitive sensor 5 is fixed on the horizontal surface of the upper supporting plate 6, so that the distance between one end of the photosensitive sensor 5 in the rod-like shade 13 and the front working surface of the acoustic ranging device 3 is known; adding the length of the photosensitive sensor 5 in the similar rod piece shadow 13 to the distance between one end of the photosensitive sensor 5 in the similar rod piece shadow 13 and the front working surface of the acoustic wave distance meter 3 to obtain the similar rod piece horizontal projection compensation length CBC；
The acoustic ranging device 3 feeds measured data back to the controller 7, a positioning module in the controller 7 stores position information, the position information comprises longitude and latitude of a measuring place, after a data receiving module of the controller 7 receives data of the acoustic ranging device 3 and the photosensitive sensor 5, a data transmission module transmits the measured data, the position information and the data of the photosensitive sensor 5 to the computer 10 through the acoustic ranging device 3 by using a data wireless transmitter 8, the computer 10 processes the data, and the similar rod horizontal projection compensation length C is obtained through calculationBC0.17m, and then the height of the target was calculated using the following formula:
H＝(CAO+CBC)·tanα (2)
in the formulae (1) and (2),
in the formulas (1), (2) and (3),
δ＝0.006918-0.399912cos B+0.070257sin B-0.006758cos 2B+0.000907sin 2B-0.002697cos 3B+0.00148sin 3B (4)
in the formula (4), B is a date correction coefficient, which is one of corrections generated by the revolution of the earth around the day, and the calculation method is as follows:
n in the formulas (4) and (5) represents a date coefficient, namely the measurement time is 232 days in the current year; calculating a B value;
omega is the solar time angle, is the quantity taking day and night change as the cycle, is the variable expressing the solar time in angle; sun midday ω is 0 °; taking a positive value in the afternoon when the value is a negative value in the morning; and the calculation method is as follows:
ω＝15×(Ts-12)＝45.83 (6)
t in formula (6)sRepresenting the time of the measurement ground sun, the time of the sun is inconsistent with the time of the measurement ground, for example, the solar noon time means that sunlight just passes through the measurement ground meridian, namely, at the highest point in the air, but not the standard twelve points, the time of the sun is solved by the time conversion of the measurement ground, the time of the sun is a multivariate linear function of the time, and the calculation method is as follows:
Ts＝T+E±4(Lst-Lloc)＝15.05578379 (7)
l in the formula (7)locFor measuring the ground longitude 102.87, the sign in the formula is that the east hemisphere takes the plus sign, the west hemisphere takes the minus sign, and China is in the east hemisphere, and then takes +; l isstFor making measurementsLongitude 120 taken at standard time; t is a standard time of measurement when the computer 10 receives the data from the data wireless transmitter 8 (for example, when beijing is used in china), and T is 14 in this embodiment;
e denotes a longitude correction coefficient, which is a correction by revolution of the earth, and the parameter equation of E is as follows in units of minutes:
e ═ 9.87sin 2B-7.53cos B-1.5sin B (8) formula (8) wherein B represents the date correction factor, the calculation method is the same as formula (5); the height H of the rod-like member 12 is obtained by calculation as 20.02 m.
Claims (4)
1. A height measuring device based on a solar geometric optics principle is characterized by comprising a lower supporting plate (1), a stepping motor (2), an acoustic wave distance meter (3), a level gauge (4), a photosensitive sensor (5), an upper supporting plate (6), a controller (7) and a bolt (9);
four holes are uniformly formed in the lower supporting plate (1), a bolt (9) is arranged in each hole, the stepping motor (2) is arranged in the middle of the lower supporting plate (1), an upper supporting plate (6) is arranged on the stepping motor (2), the sound wave distance measuring instrument (3) is arranged on the lower plane of the upper supporting plate (6), the level meter (4), the photosensitive sensor (5) and the controller (7) are arranged on the upper plane of the upper supporting plate (6), and the stepping motor (2), the sound wave distance measuring instrument (3) and the photosensitive sensor (5) are respectively connected with the controller (7);
the acoustic ranging device (3) is positioned at one end of the lower plane of the upper supporting plate (6), the photosensitive sensor (5) is positioned in the middle of the upper plane of the upper supporting plate (6), the working surface of the acoustic ranging device (3) is positioned at one side far away from the photosensitive sensor (5), and the working direction of the acoustic ranging device (3) is parallel to the upper supporting plate (6);
the solar rays (11) irradiate the rod-like member (12) to form a rod-like member shadow (13), the height measuring device is placed at the edge of the rod-like member shadow (13), and the edge line of the rod-like member shadow (13) is arranged on the photosensitive sensor (5); leveling is carried out through four bolts (9) arranged on the lower supporting plate (1), the level meter (4) positioned on the upper supporting plate (6) is in a balanced state, the stepping motor (2) drives the acoustic ranging instrument (3), the upper supporting plate (6) and the controller (7) to rotate, and the included angle between the working direction of the acoustic ranging instrument (3) and the south-pointing direction is equal to the solar azimuth angle gammas；
When the acoustic ranging device (3) reaches the designated direction, the acoustic ranging device (3) measures the length C of the rod-like shadow (13)AOThe photosensitive sensor (5) obtains the compensation length C of the horizontal projection of the rod-like memberBCAnd feeding back data to the controller (7) via CAOAnd CBCCalculating to obtain the height of the similar rod piece (12);
wherein the horizontal projection of the similar rod member compensates the length CBCThe method of obtaining is as follows: the edge of the rod-like shade (13) is arranged on the surface of the photosensitive sensor (5), partial light waves in the sunlight stimulate a photosensitive element arranged in the photosensitive sensor (5), an electric signal output by the photosensitive sensor (5) is changed, and the controller (7) processes the electric signal to obtain the length of the photosensitive sensor (5) in the rod-like shade (13); the distance between one end of the photosensitive sensor (5) in the rod-like shade (13) and the working surface of the acoustic distance meter (3) is known; adding the length of the photosensitive sensor (5) in the similar rod shadow (13) and the distance between one end of the photosensitive sensor (5) in the similar rod shadow (13) and the working surface of the acoustic wave distance meter (3) to obtain the similar rod horizontal projection compensation length CBC。
2. The height measuring device based on the solar geometric optics principle as claimed in claim 1, further comprising a data wireless transmitter (8) and a computer (10), wherein the data wireless transmitter (8) is connected with the controller (7), and the data wireless transmitter (8) is wirelessly connected with the computer (10).
3. The height measuring device based on the solar geometric optics principle as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the controller (7) is provided with a positioning module, a data receiving module, and a data transmitting module.
4. The measuring method of the height measuring device based on the solar geometric optics principle according to claim 1 is characterized by comprising the following specific steps:
(1) the solar rays (11) irradiate the similar rod pieces (12) to form similar rod piece shadows (13), and the height measuring device is placed in the similar rod piece shadows (1)13) And the rod-like shadow (13) edge line is on the photosensitive sensor (5); leveling is carried out through four bolts (9) arranged on the lower supporting plate (1), the level meter (4) positioned on the upper supporting plate (6) is in a balanced state, the computer (10) sends an instruction to the stepping motor (2) through the controller (7), the stepping motor (2) drives the acoustic ranging instrument (3), the upper supporting plate (6) and the controller (7) to rotate, and the included angle between the working direction of the acoustic ranging instrument (3) and the south-positive direction is equal to the solar azimuth angle gammas，
(2) When the acoustic ranging device (3) reaches the designated direction, the acoustic ranging device (3) measures the length C of the rod-like shadow (13)AOObtaining the compensation length C of the horizontal projection of the similar rod piece through a photosensitive sensor (5)BCAnd feeding back the data to the controller (7), storing the position information by a positioning module in the controller (7), transmitting the data to the computer (10) by using the data wireless transmitter (8) after the controller (7) receives the data of the acoustic wave distance meter (3) and the photosensitive sensor (5), and processing the data by the computer (10), wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
H＝(CAO+CBC)·tanα (2)
in the formulae (1) and (2),
in the formulas (1), (2) and (3),
δ＝0.006918-0.399912cosB+0.070257sinB-0.006758cos2B+0.000907sin2B-0.002697cos3B+0.00148sin3B (4)
in the formula (4), B is a date correction coefficient, and the calculation method is as follows:
n in the formulas (4) and (5) represents a date coefficient, namely the measurement time is the nth day of the current year;
omega is a solar time angle and is a quantity taking day and night change as a period, and the calculation method is as follows:
ω＝15×(Ts-12) (6)
t in formula (6)sRepresenting the measured time of the earth's sun, and the calculation method is as follows:
Ts＝T+E±4(Lst-Lloc) (7)
l in the formula (7)locFor measuring the longitude of the earth, the sign in the formula is that the east hemisphere takes the positive sign, and the west hemisphere takes the negative sign; l isstLongitude used to establish a standard time of measurement; t is the standard time of measurement when the computer (10) receives the data of the data wireless transmitter (8); e denotes a longitude correction coefficient, which is a correction by revolution of the earth, and the parameter equation of E is as follows in units of minutes:
E＝9.87sin2B-7.53cosB-1.5sinB (8)
in the formula (8), B represents a date correction coefficient, the calculation method is the same as the formula (5), and the height H of the obtained similar rod piece (12) is calculated.
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