CN101587195B - Measuring method and measuring apparatus for urban heat island strength - Google Patents
Measuring method and measuring apparatus for urban heat island strength Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a measuring method and a measuring apparatus for the urban heat island strength, which considers the influence of at least three weather factors such as horizontal total wind speed, wind direction and air temperature to the measuring result of the urban heat island strength, applies the historical observation data of the city to be researched for establishing a data analysis process apparatus, and observes the observed result of the specific weather factors such as horizontal total wind speed, wind direction and air temperature of the city to be researched so as to correctly measure the urban heat island strength and provide a certain technology support for the weather study and atmosphere science.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of measuring method and measurement mechanism thereof of urban heat island strength.
Background technology
" city hot island phenomenon " is meant that city temperature is than temperature high phenomenon in suburb around it.Nearly 20 years studies show that to the heat island phenomenon of domestic and international big and medium-sized cities, weather conditions are the external factor that cause " tropical island effect ", meteorological factors such as temperature, wind speed, wind direction, humidity and cloud amount all influence the formation of heat island phenomenon to some extent, and less wind speed, less cloud amount, suitable wind direction and humidity all are the favourable meteorological conditions that produces heat-flash island phenomenon.Yet urbanization is only the basic reason that causes that heat island forms, this mainly is because development of urbanization, a large amount of buildingss has been built in the city, strengthened the specific heat of city underlying surface, simultaneously a large amount of buildingss that exist have also increased city thermal capacity, and the less wind speed in city also makes the city heat be difficult for being diffused into the suburb to have reduced the city wind speed; On the other hand, human frequent productive life activity has also been discharged a large amount of heats to the city, has heated the inferior atmospheric layer of urban area directly or indirectly, and there is the effect that significantly heats in the city.
" urban heat island strength " is city temperature and the difference of suburb temperature on every side, is the physical quantity of quantitatively portraying the urban heat island power, and its mathematic(al) representation is:
Wherein UHI (urban heat island) represents urban heat island strength, m is a city website number, and i=1～m is the website sequence number, and Δ T is temperature on average poor of research station, city and research station, suburb, Tc is surveyed temperature by the research station, city, and Ts is the temperature on average of research station, suburb.This difference (UHI) is big more, and the tropical island effect in expression research city is strong more.Along with quickening of urbanization process, the volume and the function in city are constantly expanded, and urban heat island strength is also increasing gradually.
At present, the observation procedure that obtains the urban heat island strength data has two kinds.First kind is the mathematical definition (equation (1)) according to urban heat island strength, directly utilize the temperature observational data of outskirts of a town weather station, calculate urban heat island strength by simple mathematical, the observation procedure to urban heat island strength mainly is this method at present.But this method is used more complicated, relates to the observation of a plurality of meteorological observation websites (website is represented at least one city, and website is represented in a suburb) temperature data.Second kind is utilized satellite remote sensing data inverting ground temperature, and utilizes the spatial variations feature of 3S technical research heat island and the thermal environment effect that soil utilization/covering changes, and this method weak point is that mainly the urban heat island strength precision that obtains is too low.
Because the restriction of current techniques can not be measured urban heat island strength on the one hand, on the other hand, is difficult to obtain high-quality urban heat island strength data in good time, this has greatly limited to relevant meteorological Study on Problems.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to the deficiencies in the prior art, a kind of measuring method of urban heat island strength is provided, and it not only can guarantee the accuracy of observation of urban heat island strength, but also very easy, realized the in good time observation of urban heat island strength simultaneously, for the research of relevant meteorological problem brings bigger facility.
For realizing above technical purpose, the present invention will adopt following technical scheme: this measuring method is at first by being provided with the research station in city to be studied, storage is observed in good time and collected to specific meteorological factor, and described specific meteorological factor comprises the total wind speed of level, wind direction and temperature at least; Then the total wind speed of the level that will collect, wind direction and three specific meteorological factor input data analysis treating apparatus of temperature carry out analyzing and processing, described data analysis treating apparatus is set up based on the urban heat island strength of waiting to study the city～meteorological factor multiple linear regression equations, this multiple linear regression equations is to utilize the historical weather observation data of waiting to study the city, by historical heat island intensity～meteorological factor is carried out multiple linear regression, obtain the regression coefficient of specific meteorological factor correspondence, thereby set up multiple linear regression equations; The output result of described data analysis treating apparatus is the urban heat island strength that this waits to study the city.
According to above technical scheme, can realize following beneficial effect:
1. the inventor's studies show that at each urban history weather observation data, influencing the topmost meteorological factor of urban heat island strength is the total wind speed of level, wind direction and temperature, when promptly setting up urban heat island strength～meteorological factor multiple linear regression equations, as long as the total wind speed of consideration level, three meteorological factors of wind direction and temperature can carry out match preferably to urban heat island strength, therefore, the described measuring method of the application is by in time obtaining the total wind speed of level, three meteorological factors of wind direction and temperature, input data analysis treating apparatus (this device is set up based on the urban heat island strength of waiting to study the city～meteorological factor multiple linear regression equations) carries out analyzing and processing then, can obtain the in good time heat island intensity in this city, the present invention not only simplifies the measuring process of urban heat island strength, also can measure comparatively exactly simultaneously, help carrying out further scientific research.
2. the inventor's further studies show that at each urban history weather observation data, also there is certain influence in these meteorological factors of surface temperature, humidity, solar radiation, cloud amount and degree of stability to urban heat island strength, therefore measuring method of the present invention is when setting up the data analysis treating apparatus, if consider surface temperature, humidity, solar radiation, cloud amount and these meteorological factors of degree of stability, will improve measurement result to a certain extent, be about to further realize the accurate measurement of urban heat island strength.
3. the inventor also shows at the research of each urban history weather observation data, also there is certain influence in diurnal variation to urban heat island strength, therefore measuring method of the present invention is when setting up the data analysis treating apparatus, if further consider the influence of diurnal variation, then can improve measurement result to a certain extent, further realize the accurate measurement of urban heat island strength.
The present invention includes following module: data acquisition module, be used to wait to study the in good time observation of the specific meteorological factor in city and collect storage, described specific meteorological factor comprises wind speed, wind direction, temperature surface temperature, humidity, solar radiation, cloud amount and degree of stability; The data analysis processing module is used for the meteorological factor that the analyzing and processing data acquisition module is collected, and this module is set up based on the urban heat island strength of waiting to study the city～meteorological factor multiple linear regression equations, and described multiple linear regression equations is as follows:
Wherein, UHI is a urban heat island strength, and u and v are the wind speed that the total wind velocity U of level decomposes both direction, promptly
Here WD represents wind direction; T represents temperature, and Ts represents face of land temperature, and e represents vapour pressure, and h represents sun altitude, and n represents cloud amount, and Rb represents overall Richardson number, C
0, C
u, C
v, C
T, C
Ts, C
e, C
h, C
nAnd C
RbBe the multiple linear regression coefficient, utilize the historical weather observation data wait to study the city, urban heat island strength～meteorological factor is carried out multiple linear regression and obtains; The urban heat island strength output module according to the output result of urban heat island strength～meteorological factor analysis and processing module, can be finished the in good time measurement of urban heat island strength.
According to above technical scheme, can realize following beneficial effect: measure by the urban heat island strength that uses heat island strength meter provided by the invention can treat the research city, and the result is accurate in good time.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the process flow diagram of measuring method provided by the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the observed result (UHI2) of the present invention when only considering that wind speed, wind direction and temperature influence urban heat island strength and the comparison (UHI1) of the urban heat island strength of existing observation technology gained;
The observed result (UHI2) when Fig. 3 is the total wind speed of consideration level of the present invention, wind direction, temperature, surface temperature, humidity, solar radiation, cloud amount and degree of stability to the influencing of urban heat island strength and the comparison (UHI1) of the urban heat island strength of existing observation technology gained;
Fig. 4 is the first kind observed result (UHI2) of the present invention when considering specific meteorological factor and diurnal variation to the influencing of urban heat island strength simultaneously and the comparison (UHI1) of the urban heat island strength of existing observation technology gained;
Fig. 5 is the second kind observed result (UHI2) of the present invention when considering specific meteorological factor and diurnal variation to the influencing of urban heat island strength simultaneously and the comparison (UHI1) of the urban heat island strength of existing observation technology gained;
Fig. 6 is the present invention's the third observed result (UHI2) when considering specific meteorological factor and diurnal variation to the influencing of urban heat island strength simultaneously and the comparison (UHI1) of the urban heat island strength of existing observation technology gained.
Embodiment
Explain technical solutions according to the invention below with reference to accompanying drawing.
As shown in Figure 1, the measuring method of urban heat island strength of the present invention may further comprise the steps:
(1) specific meteorological factor chooses and observes collection
In city to be studied the research station is set, observes in good time and collect the specific meteorological factor of storage, described specific meteorological factor comprises the total wind speed of level, wind direction, temperature, surface temperature, humidity, solar radiation, cloud amount and degree of stability.
But described specific meteorological factor needn't all comprise.In fact, in these specific meteorological factors, most important influence factor is the total wind speed of level, wind direction and temperature, promptly can measure urban heat island strength comparatively exactly as long as consider these three specific meteorological factors in the measuring method promptly of the present invention; But except that these three specific meteorological factors of the total wind speed of level, wind direction and temperature,, then can improve the measurement result of urban heat island strength to some extent if when measuring, take in other specific meteorological factors.
(2) data analysis of specific meteorological factor is handled
(1) step is observed the specific meteorological factor input data analysis treating apparatus analyzing and processing of collecting.Described data analysis treating apparatus is based on that the multiple linear regression equations of heat island intensity～specific meteorological factor of waiting to study the city sets up: utilize the historical weather observation data of waiting to study the city, by historical heat island intensity～specific meteorological factor is carried out multiple linear regression, obtain the regression coefficient of corresponding meteorological factor, thereby set up the multiple linear regression equations of urban heat island strength～specific meteorological factor, and then set up data analysis treating apparatus of the present invention.
Described urban heat island strength～specific meteorological factor multiple linear regression equations is:
Wherein, u and v are the wind speed that the total wind velocity U of level decomposes both direction, promptly
Here WD represents wind direction; T represents temperature, and Ts represents face of land temperature, and e represents vapour pressure, and h represents sun altitude, and n represents cloud amount, and Rb represents overall Richardson number; C
0, C
u, C
v, C
T, C
Ts, C
e, C
h, C
nAnd C
RbBe the multiple linear regression coefficient, utilize the historical weather observation data of waiting to study the city, urban heat island strength～specific meteorological factor is carried out multiple linear regression and obtains.
In addition, if data analysis treating apparatus of the present invention is also considered the influence of diurnal variation to urban heat island strength, then can further improve measuring accuracy, promptly described data analysis treating apparatus will be divided into several time sections every day this moment, each time section is set up corresponding urban heat island strength～meteorological factor multiple linear regression equations, the specific meteorological factor of being observed in each time section carries out analyzing and processing by the multiple linear regression equations in the time corresponding section, then can improve the forecast result significantly, and the time section of cutting apart is many more, the urban heat island strength of gained is accurate more, such as being divided into 24 time sections every day, multiple linear regression when pursuing respectively, then its precision is obviously than will dividing into the height at daytime and night every day simply.
(3) measurement result of urban heat island strength output
Behind the in good time specific meteorological factor input data analysis treating apparatus with weather station observation collection, the output result who is obtained is the heat island intensity in this city.
The measurement mechanism of urban heat island strength of the present invention, comprise: data acquisition module, be used to treat the in good time observation of the specific meteorological factor in research city and collect storage, described specific meteorological factor comprises wind speed, wind direction, temperature surface temperature, humidity, solar radiation, cloud amount and degree of stability; The data analysis processing module, set up based on the urban heat island strength of waiting to study the city～meteorological factor multiple linear regression equations, be used for the specific meteorological factor that analyzing and processing meteorological factor forecast module is forecast, described urban heat island strength～meteorological factor multiple linear regression equations is as follows:
Wherein, UHI is a urban heat island strength, and u and v are the wind speed that the total wind velocity U of level decomposes both direction, promptly
Here WD represents wind direction; T represents temperature, and Ts represents face of land temperature, and e represents vapour pressure, and h represents sun altitude, and n represents cloud amount, and Rb represents overall Richardson number, C
0, C
u, C
v, C
T, C
Ts, C
e, C
h, C
nAnd C
RbBe the multiple linear regression coefficient, utilize the historical weather observation data wait to study the city, urban heat island strength～meteorological factor is carried out multiple linear regression and obtains; The urban heat island strength output module according to the output result of urban heat island strength～meteorological factor analysis and processing module, can be finished the in good time measurement of urban heat island strength.
In addition, below will use measuring method of the present invention that the urban heat island strength in certain city is measured, and the urban heat island strength that itself and existing observation procedure obtained is compared analysis, wherein UHI1 is the urban heat island strength of prior art scheme gained, and UHI2 is the urban heat island strength of the measuring method gained under the present invention.
The comparison of the urban heat island strength UHI1 of the urban heat island strength UHI2 of gained and existing observation technology gained when Fig. 2 is the specific meteorological factor of these three of the total wind speed of only consideration level of the present invention, wind direction and temperature.Utilize the weather station of being built, observation is also collected the total wind speed of storage level, wind direction and these three specific meteorological factors of temperature, and the input data analysis treating apparatus carries out analyzing and processing, thereby obtains urban heat island strength UHI2.As seen from the figure, the urban heat island strength of two kinds of method gained has good consistance, if the urban heat island strength UHI1 with existing observation technology gained is an exact value, the average error of the urban heat island strength of prior art gained is about-0.03 ℃ so, can ignore, error variance is about 0.51 ℃, and related coefficient has reached 0.47;
Fig. 3 is the present invention when considering the total wind speed of specific meteorological factor level, wind direction, temperature, surface temperature, humidity, solar radiation, cloud amount and degree of stability to the influencing of urban heat island strength, the comparison of the urban heat island strength UHI2 of gained and the urban heat island strength UHI1 of existing observation technology gained.The meteorological factor that collect storage in the weather station this moment also comprises surface temperature, humidity, solar radiation, cloud amount and degree of stability except that comprising the total wind speed of level, wind direction and temperature.As seen from Figure 3, similar to Fig. 2, the urban heat island strength of two kinds of method gained also has good consistance, and wherein average error between the two is about-0.05 ℃, can ignore, and error variance is about 0.51 ℃, and related coefficient has reached 0.48; But owing to considered the influence of these meteorological factors of surface temperature, humidity, solar radiation, cloud amount and degree of stability to urban heat island strength, so the correlativity of the heat island intensity of the present embodiment and prior art gained is much better with the correlativity of the heat island intensity of prior art gained than embodiment 1 more;
Fig. 4 is the first kind measurement result of the present invention when considering specific meteorological factor and diurnal variation to the influencing of urban heat island strength simultaneously, just will be divided into daytime and night two time sections every day simply this moment, at different time sections, set up the multiple linear regression equations of corresponding urban heat island strength～specific meteorological factor, thereby set up the data analysis treating apparatus.After collecting the specific meteorological factor input data analysis treating apparatus of storage in the weather station,, select different multiple linear regression equations to handle, thereby obtain urban heat island strength UHI2 according to the observation time of weather data.As seen from the figure, consider the influence of diurnal variation to urban heat island strength, can improve the measurement result of urban heat island strength significantly, at this moment, average error is about-0.06 ℃, can ignore, and error variance is about 0.47 ℃, and related coefficient has reached 0.54;
Embodiment 4
Fig. 5 is the second kind measurement result of the present invention when considering specific meteorological factor and diurnal variation to the influencing of urban heat island strength simultaneously, at this moment, to be divided into four time sections every day: 00～05,06～11,12～17,18～23, the result of two kinds of observation procedure gained among comparative analysis Fig. 5 can see: consider the influence of diurnal variation to urban heat island strength, will be divided into many time sections every day, can further obviously improve the statistical fluctuation result of urban heat island strength, wherein, average error is about-0.06 ℃, can ignore, the simulation error variance is about 0.46 ℃, and related coefficient has reached 0.56.
Embodiment 5
Fig. 6 is the present invention's the third measurement result when considering specific meteorological factor and diurnal variation to the influencing of urban heat island strength simultaneously, at this moment, to be divided into 24 time sections every day, promptly urban heat island strength hourly～specific meteorological factor all be set up multiple linear regression equations.The result of two kinds of observation procedure gained among comparative analysis Fig. 5, can see and consider the influence of diurnal variation urban heat island strength, to be divided into many time sections every day, can further obviously improve the statistical fluctuation result of urban heat island strength, wherein, mean simulation error is about-0.06 ℃, can ignore, the simulation error variance is about 0.44 ℃, and related coefficient has reached 0.62.
By above embodiment as can be known, this measuring method compared with prior art, not only can reflect urban heat island strength comparatively exactly, but also greatly simplified measurement means, save and measure cost, help further developing of meteorological science, in addition, the specific meteorological factor of considering during measurement is many more, and then the measurement result of gained is more accurate.
Claims (4)
1. the measuring method of a urban heat island strength, it is characterized in that, at first by observation and the collection storage of research station to carry out specific meteorological factor is set in city to be studied, selected specific meteorological factor comprises the total wind speed of level, wind direction, temperature, surface temperature, humidity, solar radiation, cloud amount and degree of stability to this measuring method; The specific meteorological factor input data analysis treating apparatus that then will collect carries out analyzing and processing, described data analysis treating apparatus is set up based on the urban heat island strength of waiting to study the city～meteorological factor multiple linear regression equations, this multiple linear regression equations is to utilize the historical weather observation data of waiting to study the city, by historical heat island intensity～meteorological factor is carried out multiple linear regression, obtain the regression coefficient of specific meteorological factor correspondence, thereby set up multiple linear regression equations; The output result of described data analysis treating apparatus is the urban heat island strength that this waits to study the city; The data analysis treating apparatus based on urban heat island strength～meteorological factor multiple linear regression equations of setting up is:
Wherein, u and v are the wind speed that the total wind velocity U of level decomposes both direction, promptly
Here WD represents wind direction; T represents temperature, and Ts represents face of land temperature, and e represents vapour pressure, and h represents sun altitude, and n represents cloud amount, and Rb represents overall Richardson number; C
0, C
u, C
v, C
T, C
Ts, C
e, C
h, C
nAnd C
RbBe the multiple linear regression coefficient, utilize the historical weather observation data wait to study the city, urban heat island strength～meteorological factor is carried out multiple linear regression and obtains.
2. according to the measuring method of the described urban heat island strength of claim 1, it is characterized in that, when being carried out linear regression, urban heat island strength～meteorological factor also considers diurnal variation, to the major general be divided into every day daytime and night two time sections, respectively urban heat island strength～the meteorological factor of special time section is carried out linear regression obtaining the regression coefficient of each the meteorological factor correspondence in the corresponding time section then, and then obtain the multiple linear regression equations of corresponding period.
3. according to the measuring method of the described urban heat island strength of claim 2, it is characterized in that, after will being divided into four time sections every day, respectively urban heat island strength～meteorological factor is carried out linear regression, obtain the regression coefficient of each the meteorological factor correspondence in the corresponding time section, and then obtain urban heat island strength～meteorological factor multiple linear regression equations of corresponding period.
4. according to the measuring method of the described urban heat island strength of claim 2, it is characterized in that, to be divided into 24 time sections every day, respectively urban heat island strength～meteorological factor is carried out linear regression then, obtain the regression coefficient of each the meteorological factor correspondence in the corresponding time section, and then obtain urban heat island strength～meteorological factor multiple linear regression equations of corresponding period.
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| CN103761578B (en) * | 2013-12-25 | 2017-10-31 | 国家电网公司 | Solar irradiation forecasting procedure based on multiple linear regression |
| CN104392064B (en) * | 2014-12-09 | 2017-12-19 | 南京大学 | Alleviate the Optimizing City form Design method of tropical island effect under a kind of medium measure |
| CN105678225A (en) * | 2015-12-29 | 2016-06-15 | 中国科学院深圳先进技术研究院 | Urban heat island effect space variation detection method and system |
| CN105842755A (en) * | 2016-05-12 | 2016-08-10 | 江苏建科节能技术有限公司 | Urban residential zone heat island effect measuring device and method |
| CN108680281A (en) * | 2018-02-27 | 2018-10-19 | 中电鼎康（天长）科技有限公司 | A kind of urban heat land effect monitoring system based on temperature sensor |
| CN110705010B (en) * | 2019-08-21 | 2023-04-25 | 南京大学 | Method for simulating ground surface heat island at night on the basis of remote sensing |
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