CN110731281A - low-carbon high-efficiency production and preservation method of verasper moseri stock - Google Patents
low-carbon high-efficiency production and preservation method of verasper moseri stock Download PDFInfo
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 241000410737 Verasper moseri Species 0.000 title description 2
- 241000269970 Limanda ferruginea Species 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 59
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- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 claims description 13
- 241000269908 Platichthys flesus Species 0.000 claims description 12
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
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- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 241001633982 Verasper Species 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000002068 genetic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
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- 241000269907 Pleuronectes platessa Species 0.000 claims 2
- 235000012631 food intake Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 230000001418 larval effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002075 main ingredient Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000009360 aquaculture Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 244000144974 aquaculture Species 0.000 abstract description 4
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
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- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of aquaculture, and discloses low-carbon high-efficiency production and preservation methods of yellowtail flounder breeders, which comprise a step of parent stock selection, a step two of outdoor stock preservation, a step three of breeding pool selection, a step four of offspring seed cultivation, a step five of real-time monitoring, a step six of breeding cultivation, a step seven of germplasm detection.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of aquaculture, in particular to a production and preservation method of low-carbon high-efficiency yellowtail flounder stock seeds.
Background
The yellowtail flounder, also called the Flemilia glauca, is species of flatfish, has high nutritive value and unique taste, is popular in markets at home and abroad, is resistant to transportation and freezing, has basically unchanged meat quality after refrigeration, and is deeply favored by consumers.
However, the amount of marine natural resources is gradually reduced, and the continuous rising market demand cannot be met by simple fishing, so that the speed of the reduction of the yellowtail flounder resources must be effectively delayed by developing the propagation and releasing activities of the yellowtail flounder, and the parent fish of the breeder species is the fundamental premise of obtaining a large amount of released fingerlings, so that low-carbon and high-efficiency production and preservation methods of the yellowtail flounder breeder species are provided by the technical personnel in the field to solve the problems in the background art.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide low-carbon and high-efficiency production and preservation methods of yellowtail flounder stock seeds, so as to solve the problems in the background art.
In order to realize the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme that the production method of low-carbon high-efficiency yellowcap flounder breeder seeds comprises the following steps:
step , selecting parent stock, which is obtained by directly selecting and optimizing wild parent fish of yellowtail flounder in a state-grade aquatic germplasm resource protection area of the yellowtail flounder or parent fish of stock stored in an aquatic stock breeding farm above province level;
step two, an outdoor seed protection pool: the sea cucumber pond with cofferdams of more than 20 mu is adopted for domestication, cultivation and seed preservation, the water quality environment in the pond is closer to the natural sea area environment, and the water depth is more than 2 m;
step three, indoor cultivation pool: when breeding stock spawns of yellowtop flounder, selecting a corner plastering square cement pond for carrying out weight culture at a speed of 25-30 m, breeding at a density of 3-5 pieces per square meter, wherein the depth is more than 1.5m, the water source is sufficient, and sufficient water supply, drainage and inflation equipment is matched;
step four, seedling cultivation:
culturing in a cement pond with 50-60 m of reduplication, regularly and quantitatively feeding baits for 1-3 times a day, wherein the daily feeding amount is 1-3% of the weight of the fish;
step five, real-time monitoring: during the cultivation period, water quality factors such as water temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, pH value and the like are measured in real time 24 hours every day, the stability of water quality is ensured, the condition of the bottom of the pool is observed every 4-7 days, and all indexes of the water quality are comprehensively detected;
step six, cultivating: according to the fingerling bred by parent fish specified in the standard SC/T2076 and 2017 Blastounder platichthys dulcis parent fish and fingerling, the fingerling which is normal in body shape and body color, regular in specification, free of damage, prone to bottom, strong in activity and sensitive in external stimulus response is bred into cultivation, the full-length qualification rate, the weight qualification rate, the damage rate and the deformity rate of the fingerling meet the fingerling quality requirements in the standard, and the quarantine is qualified;
seventhly, germplasm detection: and (4) carrying out examination on items such as name and classification, main morphological characteristics, cytogenetic characteristics, biochemical genetic characteristics and the like on the backup parent fish, wherein the parent germplasm meets related standards.
The scheme of the invention as the step is that the water quality condition in the fry cultivation is fresh and stable, and is obtained by fully precipitating and filtering seawater, so as to ensure clean water quality and no suspended substances and impurities.
steps are carried out, the selection standard in the step is that according to the standard of GB/T266620 & lt 2011 & gt kiss moseri, the appearance characteristics accord with the expression of fish taxonomy, the fish taxonomy is complete in body type, good in ingestion, free of deformity and qualified in quarantine, and the female-male number ratio is: (3-4) = (1).
The proposal of the invention is that is carried out, wherein the bait in the fourth step is a pellet feed for the fish larvae, the grain diameter is 0.5-1 mm, the pellet feed can also be soft pellet feed, the main components of the soft pellet feed are powdery compound feed, feed fish and the like, and the feed fish should use fresh, frozen and non-denatured fish.
The scheme of the invention is that is carried out, during the cultivation period, the water temperature is kept at 12-20 ℃, the daily change of the water temperature is not more than 3 ℃, the salinity of the constant degree is kept at 25-32% in the cultivation process, the pH value is 7.2-8.0, the aeration equipment continuously aerates the cultivation pool, and the dissolved oxygen in the cultivation pool is more than 5 mg/L.
According to the scheme of , the preservation method of low-carbon high-efficiency yellowtail flounder stock spawns comprises germplasm resource management and ecological environment management, wherein the germplasm resource management comprises two types of management of establishing a wild individual catching standard and establishing a standardized production system, and the preservation method comprises the following steps:
, ecological environment management
A. Special ponds are adopted for cultivation, special persons are responsible for operation, and each cultivation special pond is isolated and separated to realize a seed preservation isolation mode;
B. monitoring the water quality in real time, ensuring the conditions of flowing water, water temperature, pH value and dissolved oxygen in the special tank, and strictly controlling bait and illumination conditions;
second, germplasm resource management
C. Establishing the standard of wild individual collection and catching
C1, controlling the catching place at any time, strictly controlling the number of the verasper variegates in each special pool, and strictly checking and preventing the verasper variegates;
c2, establishing a standard for implementation, strictly controlling the collection amount of the original seeds of the yellowtail flounder in each special pool every time, strictly preventing the body surface of the yellowtail flounder from being injured when the yellowtail flounder is collected, collecting the yellowtail flounder by adopting a net with soft texture (nylon thread) and small meshes (less than 5 cm), and supplementing the quantity in time after collection;
D. establishing standard of production system
D1, strictly controlling the bait feeding amount and the medicine control amount, wherein the bait feeding amount and feeding times per day are strictly carried out according to the requirements;
d2, monitoring the water quality condition in each special pool all day to ensure the safety and stability of the water quality; the epidemic situation of the stock species of the yellowtail flounder is regularly prevented and controlled, and the stock species preservation rate of the yellowtail flounder is ensured.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the method, wild parent fishes and parent fishes are adopted, the gene purity is strictly controlled, the degeneration of the genetic diversity of offspring is avoided as much as possible, and the probability of genetic variation of offspring seeds is reduced, so that the possibility of genetic structure change of reproductive mating of the released population and the wild population is reduced; and the cofferdam sea cucumber pool is used for domesticating and protecting the seeds, so that the utilization rate of the aquaculture water body can be greatly improved, the limited water body resources are fully utilized, the maximum economic benefit is realized, the quality of the breeder seeds is controlled from the two aspects of germplasm and environment by aiming at protecting the germ plasm resources of fishes, the relative stability of the intraspecific inheritance and the evolution potential of the species are maintained as far as possible, and the cofferdam sea cucumber pool is adopted in the outdoor seed protection pool, so that the utilization rate of the aquaculture water body can be greatly improved, and the production cost is saved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic frame diagram of a low-carbon and high-efficiency preservation method of species of yellowtail flounder stock;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of comparative experiment results in low-carbon high-efficiency production and preservation methods of yellowtail flounder stock.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only partial embodiments of of the present invention, rather than all embodiments.
Referring to fig. 1-2, in the embodiment of the present invention, low-carbon high-efficiency production methods of verasper variegates include the following steps:
step , selecting parent stock, which is obtained by directly selecting and optimizing wild parent fish of yellowtail flounder in a state-grade aquatic germplasm resource protection area of the yellowtail flounder or parent fish of stock stored in an aquatic stock breeding farm above province level;
selection criteria: according to the standard of GB/T266620-: china, = (3-4): 1;
step two, an outdoor seed protection pool: the sea cucumber pond with cofferdams of more than 20 mu is adopted for domestication, cultivation and seed preservation, the water quality environment in the pond is closer to the natural sea area environment, and the water depth is more than 2 m;
step three, indoor cultivation pool: when breeding stock spawns of yellowtop flounder, selecting a corner plastering square cement pond for carrying out weight culture at a speed of 25-30 m, breeding at a density of 3-5 pieces per square meter, wherein the depth is more than 1.5m, the water source is sufficient, and sufficient water supply, drainage and inflation equipment is matched;
step four, seedling cultivation:
culturing in a cement pond with 50-60 m of reduplication, regularly and quantitatively feeding baits for 1-3 times a day, wherein the daily feeding amount is 1-3% of the weight of the fish;
wherein, the water quality condition in the seedling cultivation is as follows: the fresh and stable bait is obtained by fully precipitating and filtering seawater, ensures that the water quality is clean and free of suspended matters and impurities, is a pellet feed for the larvae and the young fishes, has the particle size of 0.5-1 mm, can also be a soft pellet feed (meeting the NY 5072 standard), has the main components of powdery compound feed, feed fishes and the like, and uses fresh, frozen and non-denatured fishes;
, feeding management, namely, after 3-5 days of fry incubation, gradually opening a hatch and feeding, feeding rotifers and chlorella from the 3 rd day, wherein the feeding density of chlorella is 25-30 ten thousand per ml, the density of rotifers is 5-10 per ml, feeding is carried out for 2-3 times a day, feeding artemia nauplii is carried out from the 15 th day, the feeding density is 0.2-1 per ml, feeding is carried out twice a day, and feeding of artificial compound bait is carried out from the 25 th day;
step five, real-time monitoring: during the cultivation period, water quality factors such as water temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, pH value and the like are measured in real time 24 hours every day, the stability of water quality is ensured, the condition of the bottom of the pool is observed every 4-7 days, and all indexes of the water quality are comprehensively detected;
during the cultivation period, the water temperature is kept at 12-20 ℃, the daily change of the water temperature is not more than 3 ℃, the constant salinity is kept at 25-32% in the cultivation process, the pH value is 7.2-8.0, the aeration equipment continuously aerates the cultivation pool, and the dissolved oxygen in the cultivation pool is more than 5 mg/L;
step six, cultivating: according to the fingerling bred by parent fish specified in the standard SC/T2076 and 2017 Blastounder platichthys dulcis parent fish and fingerling, the fingerling which is normal in body shape and body color, regular in specification, free of damage, prone to bottom, strong in activity and sensitive in external stimulus response is bred into cultivation, the full-length qualification rate, the weight qualification rate, the damage rate and the deformity rate of the fingerling meet the fingerling quality requirements in the standard, and the quarantine is qualified;
seventhly, germplasm detection: and (4) carrying out examination on items such as name and classification, main morphological characteristics, cytogenetic characteristics, biochemical genetic characteristics and the like on the backup parent fish, wherein the parent germplasm meets related standards.
low-carbon and high-efficiency preservation method of yellowcap flounder stock spawn, which comprises germplasm resource management and ecological environment management, wherein the germplasm resource management comprises two kinds of management of establishing wild individual collection and catching standard and establishing a standardized production system, and the preservation method comprises the following steps:
, ecological environment management
A. Special ponds are adopted for cultivation, special persons are responsible for operation, and each cultivation special pond is isolated and separated to realize a seed preservation isolation mode;
B. monitoring the water quality in real time, ensuring the conditions of flowing water, water temperature, pH value and dissolved oxygen in the special tank, and strictly controlling bait and illumination conditions;
the conditions are as follows: natural water temperature is not more than 20 ℃ in summer and not less than 10 ℃ in winter, when the water temperature is higher than 20 ℃ or lower than 10 ℃, the parent fish of the yellowtail flounder is moved to an indoor culture pond, and the salinity: 25-32%; pH: 7.2-8.0; dissolved oxygen is more than 5mg/L, so trace aeration is needed; the intensity of natural illumination; changing water amount to 1/3-2/3 of the cultivation water body every day;
second, germplasm resource management
C. Establishing the standard of wild individual collection and catching
C1, controlling the catching place at any time, strictly controlling the number of the verasper variegates in each special pool, and strictly checking and preventing the verasper variegates;
c2, establishing a standard for implementation, strictly controlling the collection amount of the original seeds of the yellowtail flounder in each special pool every time, strictly preventing the body surface of the yellowtail flounder from being injured when the yellowtail flounder is collected, collecting the yellowtail flounder by adopting a net with soft texture (nylon thread) and small meshes (less than 5 cm), and supplementing the quantity in time after collection;
D. establishing standard of production system
D1, strictly controlling the bait feeding amount and the medicine control amount, wherein the bait feeding amount and feeding times per day are strictly carried out according to the requirements;
d2, monitoring the water quality condition in each special pool all day to ensure the safety and stability of the water quality; the epidemic situation of the stock species of the yellowtail flounder is regularly prevented and controlled, and the stock species preservation rate of the yellowtail flounder is ensured.
A comparison experiment is carried out by utilizing the existing production and preservation method of the yellowtail flounder and the production and preservation method of the yellowtail flounder, which comprises the following steps:
the experimental process comprises the following steps:
s1, selecting two groups of same wild parent stock of yellowcap flounder;
s2, respectively producing, culturing and storing the two groups of selected wild parent stock seeds of the yellowcap flounder by using the existing production and storage method and the production and storage method of the invention;
s3, observing the degeneration rate of the gene diversity of the offspring of the yellowtail flounder produced by the method, the gene mutation probability of offspring seeds, the gene purity control efficiency and the stock preservation rate.
The specific experimental results are shown in fig. 2.
In conclusion, the method for producing the yellowcap flounder has a good cultivation technology, can strictly control the protospecies gene purity of the yellowcap flounder, avoids the degeneration of the genetic diversity of offspring and reduces the probability of genetic variation of offspring seeds as much as possible, thereby reducing the possibility of the genetic structure change of reproduction and mating of the stocking population and the wild population, controls the quality of the protospecies from the aspects of germplasm and environment, maintains the relative stability of the intraspecific inheritance and the evolution potential of species as much as possible, improves the preservation rate of the protospecies, and compared with the artificial production and preservation technology of the yellowcap flounder in the existing market, the method has the advantages of saving the production cost, greatly improving the utilization rate of the culture water, fully utilizing limited water resources and realizing the maximum economic benefit.
It will thus be seen that the embodiments are illustrative and not restrictive in any respect point of view, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein.
Furthermore, it should be understood that although the present description refers to embodiments, not every embodiment contains independent technical solutions, and such description of the description is only for clarity, and those skilled in the art should take the description as as a whole, and the technical solutions in the respective embodiments may be combined appropriately to form other embodiments that those skilled in the art can understand.
Claims (6)
1, low-carbon high-efficiency production method of yellowcap flounder stock seeds, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step , selecting parent stock, which is obtained by directly selecting and optimizing wild parent fish of yellowtail flounder in a state-grade aquatic germplasm resource protection area of the yellowtail flounder or parent fish of stock stored in an aquatic stock breeding farm above province level;
step two, an outdoor seed protection pool: the sea cucumber pond with cofferdams of more than 20 mu is adopted for domestication, cultivation and seed preservation, the water quality environment in the pond is closer to the natural sea area environment, and the water depth is more than 2 m;
step three, indoor cultivation pool: when breeding stock spawns of yellowtop flounder, selecting a corner plastering square cement pond for carrying out weight culture at a speed of 25-30 m, breeding at a density of 3-5 pieces per square meter, wherein the depth is more than 1.5m, the water source is sufficient, and sufficient water supply, drainage and inflation equipment is matched;
step four, seedling cultivation:
culturing in a cement pond with 50-60 m of reduplication, regularly and quantitatively feeding baits for 1-3 times a day, wherein the daily feeding amount is 1-3% of the weight of the fish;
step five, real-time monitoring: during the cultivation period, water quality factors such as water temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, pH value and the like are measured in real time 24 hours every day, the stability of water quality is ensured, the condition of the bottom of the pool is observed every 4-7 days, and all indexes of the water quality are comprehensively detected;
step six, cultivating: according to the fingerling bred by parent fish specified in the standard SC/T2076 and 2017 Blastounder platichthys dulcis parent fish and fingerling, the fingerling which is normal in body shape and body color, regular in specification, free of damage, prone to bottom, strong in activity and sensitive in external stimulus response is bred into cultivation, the full-length qualification rate, the weight qualification rate, the damage rate and the deformity rate of the fingerling meet the fingerling quality requirements in the standard, and the quarantine is qualified;
seventhly, germplasm detection: and (4) carrying out examination on items such as name and classification, main morphological characteristics, cytogenetic characteristics, biochemical genetic characteristics and the like on the backup parent fish, wherein the parent germplasm meets related standards.
2. The method for producing kinds of low-carbon high-efficiency yellowcap flounder stock spawns according to claim 1, wherein the quality of water in the fry breeding is fresh and stable and is obtained by fully precipitating and filtering seawater, so that the quality of water is clean and free of suspended matters and impurities.
3. The low-carbon high-efficiency Huanggai plaice stock production method according to claim 1, wherein the selection standard in the step is that according to GB/T266620 and 2011 blunt-ended Huanggai plaice, the appearance characteristics conform to the expression of fish taxonomy, the size is complete, the food intake is good, no deformity exists, the quarantine is qualified, and the female-male number ratio is female = (3-4): 1.
4. The method for producing kinds of low-carbon high-efficiency yellowtail flounder stock spawns according to claim 1, wherein the bait in the fourth step is larval fish pellet feed with a particle size of 0.5-1 mm, and can also be soft pellet feed, the main ingredients of the soft pellet feed are powdery compound feed, feed fish and the like, and fresh, frozen and non-denatured feed fish should be used as the feed fish.
5. The method for producing species of low-carbon high-efficiency yellowtail flounder stock seeds of claim 1, wherein during the cultivation period, the water temperature is kept at 12-20 ℃, the daily change of the water temperature is not more than 3 ℃, the constant salinity is kept at 25-32% during the cultivation process, the pH value is 7.2-8.0, the aeration device continuously aerates the cultivation pool, and the dissolved oxygen in the cultivation pool is more than 5 mg/L.
6. The preservation method of low-carbon high-efficiency yellowtail flounder stocks, according to any of claims 1-5, comprises germplasm resource management and ecological environment management, wherein the germplasm resource management comprises two management of establishing a wild individual collection standard and establishing a standardized production system, and the preservation method comprises the following steps:
, ecological environment management
A. Special ponds are adopted for cultivation, special persons are responsible for operation, and each cultivation special pond is isolated and separated to realize a seed preservation isolation mode;
B. monitoring the water quality in real time, ensuring the conditions of flowing water, water temperature, pH value and dissolved oxygen in the special tank, and strictly controlling bait and illumination conditions;
second, germplasm resource management
C. Establishing the standard of wild individual collection and catching
C1, controlling the catching place at any time, strictly controlling the number of the verasper variegates in each special pool, and strictly checking and preventing the verasper variegates;
c2, establishing a standard for implementation, strictly controlling the collection amount of the original seeds of the yellowtail flounder in each special pool every time, strictly preventing the body surface of the yellowtail flounder from being injured when the yellowtail flounder is collected, collecting the yellowtail flounder by adopting a net with soft texture (nylon thread) and small meshes (less than 5 cm), and supplementing the quantity in time after collection;
D. establishing standard of production system
D1, strictly controlling the bait feeding amount and the medicine control amount, wherein the bait feeding amount and feeding times per day are strictly carried out according to the requirements;
d2, monitoring the water quality condition in each special pool all day to ensure the safety and stability of the water quality; the epidemic situation of the stock species of the yellowtail flounder is regularly prevented and controlled, and the stock species preservation rate of the yellowtail flounder is ensured.
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