CN110720160A - 带端子电线和线束 - Google Patents

带端子电线和线束 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110720160A
CN110720160A CN201880003746.4A CN201880003746A CN110720160A CN 110720160 A CN110720160 A CN 110720160A CN 201880003746 A CN201880003746 A CN 201880003746A CN 110720160 A CN110720160 A CN 110720160A
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China
Prior art keywords
terminal
conductor
wire
oxide film
electric wire
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CN201880003746.4A
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Inventor
莲井弘介
山野能章
须藤博
杉原崇康
上木美里
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Sumitomo Wiring Systems Ltd
AutoNetworks Technologies Ltd
Sumitomo Electric Industries Ltd
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Sumitomo Wiring Systems Ltd
AutoNetworks Technologies Ltd
Sumitomo Electric Industries Ltd
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Publication of CN110720160A publication Critical patent/CN110720160A/zh
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    • HELECTRICITY
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    • H01R4/00Electrically-conductive connections between two or more conductive members in direct contact, i.e. touching one another; Means for effecting or maintaining such contact; Electrically-conductive connections having two or more spaced connecting locations for conductors and using contact members penetrating insulation
    • H01R4/58Electrically-conductive connections between two or more conductive members in direct contact, i.e. touching one another; Means for effecting or maintaining such contact; Electrically-conductive connections having two or more spaced connecting locations for conductors and using contact members penetrating insulation characterised by the form or material of the contacting members
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    • H01R13/00Details of coupling devices of the kinds covered by groups H01R12/70 or H01R24/00 - H01R33/00
    • H01R13/02Contact members
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    • H01R4/02Soldered or welded connections
    • H01R4/023Soldered or welded connections between cables or wires and terminals
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60RVEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R16/00Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for
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    • B60R16/0207Wire harnesses
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60RVEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R16/00Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for
    • B60R16/02Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for electric constitutive elements
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    • H01R13/5804Means for relieving strain on wire connection, e.g. cord grip, for avoiding loosening of connections between wires and terminals within a coupling device terminating a cable comprising a separate cable clamping part
    • H01R13/5808Means for relieving strain on wire connection, e.g. cord grip, for avoiding loosening of connections between wires and terminals within a coupling device terminating a cable comprising a separate cable clamping part formed by a metallic element crimped around the cable
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Abstract

本发明提供了一种带端子电线(1),包括:具有由铝或铝合金制成的导体(20)的电线(2),该导体(20)的外周覆盖有绝缘层(21);和由铜或铜合金制成的端子部件(3),该端子部件(3)连接到位于电线(2)的端部处的从绝缘层(21)中露出的导体露出部分(2e)。所述端子部件(3)包括:由导电材料制成的覆层(31),该覆层(31)形成在所述端子部件(3)的表面中除了与导体(20)接触的位置之外的端子露出部分(3e);和所述导电材料的氧化膜(32),该氧化膜(32)形成在所述覆层(31)的表面中。所述导电材料是这样的金属或合金,当根据JIS Z 2371:2000规定的盐水喷雾试验在35℃下进行50g/L的盐水喷雾96小时时,该金属或合金在其表面形成厚度为20nm以上的氧化膜(32),并且导体露出部分(2e)和端子露出部分(3e)裸露并露出于带端子电线(1)的外周气氛。

Description

带端子电线和线束
技术领域
本发明涉及带端子电线和线束。
背景技术
专利文献1公开了一种带端子电线,其包括具有导体的电线和端子部件,该导体的外周覆盖有绝缘层,该端子部件连接到位于所述电线的端部处的从所述绝缘层中露出的导体露出部分。导体由铝合金制成,并且端子部件由铜或铜合金制成。在该带端子电线中,通过用诸如树脂之类的绝缘材料覆盖端子部件的一部分来抑制导体的腐蚀。
引用列表
专利文献
专利文献1:日本专利特开No.2010-257719
发明内容
本公开的带端子电线包括:
具有由铝或铝合金制成的导体的电线,该导体的外周覆盖有绝缘层;和
由铜或铜合金制成的端子部件,该端子部件连接到位于所述电线的端部处的从所述绝缘层中露出的导体露出部分,
所述端子部件包括
由导电材料制成的覆层,该覆层形成在所述端子部件的表面中除了与导体接触的位置之外的端子露出部分,和
所述导电材料的氧化膜,该氧化膜形成在所述覆层的表面中,
所述导电材料是这样的金属或合金,当根据JIS Z 2371:2000规定的盐水喷雾试验在35℃下进行50g/L的盐水喷雾96小时时,该金属或合金在其表面形成厚度为20nm以上的氧化膜,
所述导体露出部分和所述端子露出部分裸露并露出于所述带端子电线的外周气氛。
本公开的线束包括捆扎在一起的多个本公开的带端子电线。
附图说明
图1是根据实施方案的线束和带端子电线的示意性构造图。
图2是示出根据实施方案的带端子电线的制造方法的实例的示意性说明图。
图3是示出导体的腐蚀机理的说明图。
图4是试验1中示出盐水喷雾时间与整个带端子电线的电阻值之间的关系的图。
图5是试验1中示出盐水喷雾时间与带端子电线的焊接部分的电阻值之间的关系的图。
图6是试验2中示出盐水喷雾时间与带端子电线的电线部分的截面减小率之间的关系的图。
图7是试验3中示出盐水喷雾时间与氧化膜的厚度之间的关系的图。
图8是试验3中示出盐水喷雾时间和流过氧化膜的表面的氧还原电流之间的关系的图。
图9是试验3中示出氧化膜的厚度与流过氧化膜的表面的氧还原电流之间的关系的图。
具体实施方式
[本公开要解决的问题]
带端子电线用于诸如汽车和飞机之类的移动设备,以及用于诸如机器人之类的工业设备。在这些领域中,带端子电线通常以包括捆扎在一起的多个带端子电线的线束的形式使用,并且带端子电线在设备中占很大百分比。特别是在移动设备领域中,考虑到环境因素,需要更轻质的带端子电线以提高移动设备的燃料效率。因此,如专利文献1中的带端子电线那样,通过使用由铝合金制成的导体来减小带端子电线的重量。然而,具有由铝合金制成的导体和由铜或铜合金制成的端子部件的带端子电线具有这样的问题,即,在导体和端子部件之间会形成电池并且导体会腐蚀。为了解决该问题,在包括专利文献1中的带端子电线在内的常规带端子电线中,在导体和端子部件之间的接合部附近设置由树脂制成的绝缘部件等以抑制导体的腐蚀。然而,该措施具有这样的问题:需要花费时间、精力和成本来进行绝缘部件的后续安装,并且损害了通过使用比铜轻的铝合金而实现的重量降低的优点。
因此,本公开的一个目的是提供能够易于制造并且具有优异的耐腐蚀性的带端子电线和线束。
[本申请的发明的实施方案的说明]
首先,将以列表形式描述本申请的发明的实施方案的内容。
<1>根据该实施方案的带端子电线包括:
具有由铝或铝合金制成的导体的电线,该导体的外周覆盖有绝缘层;和
由铜或铜合金制成的端子部件,该端子部件连接到位于电线的端部处的从绝缘层中露出的导体露出部分,
所述端子部件包括
由导电材料制成的覆层,该覆层形成在端子部件的表面中除了与导体接触的位置之外的端子露出部分,和
所述导电材料的氧化膜,该氧化膜形成在所述覆层的表面中,
所述导电材料是这样的金属或合金,当根据JIS Z 2371:2000规定的盐水喷雾试验在35℃下进行50g/L的盐水喷雾96小时时,该金属或合金在其表面形成厚度为20nm以上的氧化膜,
所述导体露出部分和所述端子露出部分裸露并露出于所述带端子电线的外周气氛。
上述带端子电线具有优异的耐腐蚀性。这是因为在端子部件的最外层中形成的氧化膜减小了流过端子部件的表面并使氧还原的电流(氧还原电流),并且抑制了导体和端子部件之间的电池反应。抑制电池反应可以抑制构成导体的铝或铝合金的腐蚀以及所造成的带端子电线的导电性降低。目前尚未发现这种氧化膜具有完全抑制导体腐蚀的功能。
上述带端子电线的生产率优异。这是因为能够有效地抑制导体腐蚀的氧化膜覆盖了端子露出部分,因此导体露出部分和端子露出部分都是裸露的并且露出于外周气氛。即,不需要提供覆盖导体和端子部件之间的接合部附近的常规绝缘部件,因此可以减少用于布置绝缘部件的时间、精力和成本。另外,通过使形成在端子部件的表面中的导电材料的覆层的一部分氧化来形成抑制导体的腐蚀的氧化膜。因此,可以简单地通过在端子部件的表面中形成覆层并将端子部件接合到导体来完成带端子电线,因此能够以高生产率制造带端子电线。
上述带端子电线的重量比常规带端子电线的重量轻。这是因为上述带端子电线不具有覆盖导体和端子部件之间的接合部附近的绝缘部件,因此上述的带端子电线的重量比常规带端子电线的重量少绝缘部件的重量。特别地,由于线束具有大量的端子部件,所以绝缘部件的消除显著地有助于减小线束的重量。
此处,当将连接带端子电线与外部端子的部分布置在具有防水结构的壳体等的内部时,带端子电线的导体根本上不易被腐蚀。然而,即使当带端子电线用于非防水环境中时,根据该实施方案的带端子电线的导体也不易被腐蚀,其中在非防水环境中,环境水(例如空气中的水分、雨水和水坑中的泥水)可能附着在导体与其端子部件之间的接合处。非防水环境的实例可包括汽车的发动机舱等。
<2>作为根据实施方案的带端子电线的一种形式,可以展示导电材料为镍、镍合金、钛、钛合金、铬、铬合金或不锈钢的形式。
由于上述金属或合金的氧化还原电位低于铜的氧化还原电位,所以可以减小在导体和端子部件之间形成的电池的电位差。因此,当采用上述金属或合金作为覆层的导电材料时,容易抑制导体的腐蚀。
<3>作为根据实施方案的带端子电线的一种形式,可以展示覆层由镍镀层或镍合金镀层制成的形式。
镍或镍合金廉价且容易获得。另外,当形成镍或镍合金作为镀层时,可以在端子部件的表面中容易地形成薄且均匀的覆层。
<4>作为根据实施方案的带端子电线的一种形式,可以展示导体的截面面积为10mm2以上的形式。
当导体的截面面积为10mm2以上时,带端子电线可适用于诸如汽车之类的移动设备用线束等。
<5>作为根据实施方案的带端子电线的一种形式,可以展示将导体超声波焊接到端子部件的形式。
当与诸如压接之类的其他接合方法相比时,超声波焊接可以容易地降低导体和端子部件之间的接合电阻。这是因为在超声波焊接期间,导体表面中的Al钝化膜和端子部件表面中的氧化膜破坏,并且导体和端子部件彼此紧密地密着而没有任何间隙。另外,即使当导体包括多个素线时,超声波焊接也可以容易地确保素线之间的导通。超声波焊接是非常有效的接合方法,特别是当将截面面积为10mm2以上并且包括多个素线的导体接合到端子部件时更是如此。这是因为在超声波焊接期间素线熔化并且一体化,并且减小了素线之间的接合电阻。
<6>作为根据实施方案的带端子电线的一种形式,可以呈现氧化膜的厚度为20nm以上的形式。
当端子部件的氧化膜的厚度为20nm以上时,可以有效地抑制电线的导体的腐蚀。可以通过在将带端子电线连接到设备之后,通过随时间的氧化而形成厚度为20nm以上的氧化膜,或者可以在将带端子电线连接到设备之前人工形成厚度为20nm以上的氧化膜。此处,尽管可以通过构成覆层的导电材料随时间的氧化而使氧化膜具有20nm以上的厚度,但是需要数年的时间才能达到该厚度。由于导体的腐蚀会逐渐进行直到氧化膜生长至具有20nm以上的厚度,所以优选(例如)在制造带端子电线期间通过对整个端子部件进行热处理来使氧化膜生长至具有20nm以上的厚度。
<7>根据实施方案的线束包括捆扎在一起的多个如上所述的<1>至<6>中任一项所述的带端子电线。
上述线束重量轻并且生产率和耐腐蚀性优异。这是因为构成线束的各个带端子电线重量轻并且生产率和耐腐蚀性优异。
[本申请的发明的实施方案的细节]
将参考图1至3描述根据本申请的发明的实施方案的带端子电线的具体实例。附图中相同的附图标记表示相同或相应的部分。应当注意,本申请的发明不限于这些说明,而是由权利要求的范围限定,并且旨在包括在与权利要求的范围等同的范围和含义内的任何修改。
<第一实施方案>
图1所示实施方案的线束10包括捆扎在一起的多个带端子电线1。图1仅示出了一个带端子电线1的端部。在各个带端子电线1的端部,电线2和端子部件3电接合并机械接合。在下文中,将描述带端子电线1的各个部件。
<<电线>>
电线2包括导体20和围绕其外周形成的绝缘层21。在电线2的端部,去除了绝缘层21并露出导体20的一部分。将露出导体20的导体露出部分2e接合到稍后描述的端子部件3。
[导体]
电线2的导体20由铝(Al)或Al合金制成。作为Al合金,可以使用具有各种组成的Al合金,该Al合金包含添加元素以及含有Al和不可避免的杂质的其余部分。添加元素的实例包括选自Fe、Mg、Si、Cu、Zn、Ni、Mn、Ag、Cr和Zr中的一种或多种。上述Al合金可以进一步含有使Al合金的晶体结构微细化的Ti和B中的至少一者。添加元素的总含量优选为0.005质量%以上5.0质量%以下,更优选为0.1质量%以上2.0质量%以下。各元素的优选含量如下(单位:质量%):Fe:0.005%以上2.2%以下;Mg:0.05%以上1.0%以下;Mn、Ni、Zr、Zn、Cr和Ag:总计0.005%以上0.2%以下;Cu:0.05%以上0.5%以下;Si:0.04%以上1.0%以下。这些添加元素可以含有单独一种,也可以含有两种以上的组合。这种合金的实例包括Al-Fe合金、Al-Fe-Mg合金、Al-Fe-Si合金、Al-Fe-Mg-(Mn、Ni、Zr、Ag)合金、Al-Fe-Cu合金、Al-Fe-Cu-(Mg、Si)合金、Al-Mg-Si-Cu合金等。
导体20可以是(例如)由Al或Al合金制成的实心线,或者是如图1所示通过绞合多根素线而形成的绞合线。由日本汽车工程师协会建立的标准(参见JASO D603:2015)定义了通过绞合线径均为0.32mm的多根素线而形成的导体20。由JASO D603:2015定义的导体20的截面面积为3mm2、5mm2、8mm2、10mm2、12mm2、16mm2、20mm2、25mm2、30mm2、35mm2、40mm2、50mm2、60mm2、70mm2、85mm2、95mm2或100mm2。当然,本实施方案的导体20不一定受JASO标准的限制。在导体20的表面(素线的表面)中,仅形成Al钝化膜,并且没有其他人工添加的膜。
将上述导体20和后述的端子部件3接合的方法的实例可包括压接或使用电阻加热或超声波的焊接等。特别地,超声波焊接作为接合导体20和端子部件3的方法是优选的。超声波焊接可以降低导体20和端子部件3之间的接合电阻,并且即使当导体20包括多根素线时,超声波焊接也可以充分地确保素线之间的导通。这是因为,在使导体20和端子部件3彼此剧烈摩擦的超声波焊接中,各素线的表面中的Al钝化膜以及后面描述的端子部件3的覆层31和氧化膜32容易破坏。
将基于图2描述超声波焊接的实例。图2中的超声波焊接机4包括不可移动的接收夹具40(也称为砧座)和被配置为可振动的焊头41。可以通过在由白色箭头指示的按压方向上移动焊头41,将端子部件3和导体20夹在接收夹具40和焊头41之间,并且在垂直于按压方向的方向上往复振动焊头41,从而接合端子部件3和导体20。在夹在接收夹具40和焊头41之间的导体20的导体露出部分2e的一部分中,形成了使素线熔化并一体化的焊接部分22(图1),并且除了该焊接部分22之外的部分用作电线部分23(图1),其中在该电线部分23中,素线是独立的。此处,在接收夹具40和焊头41的接触表面中形成防滑凹凸,其中接收夹具40和焊头41被设置成与待焊接的物体接触。凹凸被转移到待焊接的物体上,并在待焊接物体的表面上形成焊痕。因此,如图1所示,在导体20的焊接部分22中形成的条纹形状的焊痕2m和在端子部件3的后表面中形成的条纹形状的焊痕3m表示导体20已经被超声波焊接到端子部件3上。
作为另一种接合方法,可以通过超声波焊接使构成导体20的多根素线一体化,然后可以将由一体化的素线形成的焊接部分22压接到端子部件3。由于在这种情况下也会在导体20的焊接部分22中形成焊痕2m,所以可以通过肉眼确认已经通过超声波焊接使多根素线一体化。
[绝缘层]
围绕导体20的外周设置的绝缘层21的构成材料的实例包括聚氯乙烯(PVC)、非卤素树脂、阻燃性优异的绝缘材料等。可考虑所需的绝缘强度适当地选择绝缘层的材料和厚度,并且没有特别限制。
<<端子部件>>
端子部件3是用于将上述电线2电连接到外部设备的外部端子的金属配件。端子部件3的形状没有特别限制,并且在该实例中是平板状。或者,与常规压接式端子一样,端子部件3可以为设置有圆筒的形式,该圆筒用于存储电线2的导体露出部分2e。
端子部件3在一端侧(图中的右侧)具有与导体露出部分2e接触的导体附接部分,并且在另一端侧(图中的左侧)具有待与上述外部端子连接的外部连接部分。尽管在该实例中导体附接部分为平板状,但是与压接式端子一样,导体附接部分可以设置有圆筒。此外,该实例中的外部连接部分为平板状,并且具有形成在其中的用于螺钉固定的通孔3h,因此可以将外部端子堆叠在端子部件3上并通过螺钉固定。与该实例不同的是,可以在外部连接部分中形成公端子或母端子。
如由圆圈包围的放大视图所示,端子部件3包括由铜或铜合金制成的主体30、围绕主体30的外周形成的覆层31、以及围绕覆层31的外周进一步形成的氧化膜32。构成主体30的铜合金的实例包括黄铜(Cu-Zn合金)、Cu-Sn合金、Cu-Fe合金、Cu-Ni-Sn合金、Cu-Fe-P合金等。
[覆层]
覆层31是由导电材料制成的层,并设置用于抑制待与端子部件3接合的导体20的腐蚀。更确切地说,覆层31不抑制导体20的腐蚀,而是由于构成覆层31的导电材料的氧化而形成的氧化膜32抑制导体20的腐蚀。覆层31形成在端子部件3中除了与导体20接触的位置之外的端子露出部分3e。尽管可以将导体20设置在端子露出部分3e的整个表面上,但是导体20仅必须至少形成在这样的区域,该区域位于端子露出部分3e中距与导体20的接触位置的边界预定的范围内。在实际制造中,覆层31围绕主体30的外周而形成,然后将端子部件3接合到电线2的导体20,因此可以认为覆层31形成在端子露出部分3e的整个表面。当将具有围绕主体30的外周形成的覆层31的端子部件3接合到导体20时,伴随着接合操作使得介于端子部件3和导体20之间的覆层31被破坏。允许覆层31的一部分保留在端子部件3和导体20之间。
形成覆层31的导电材料是这样的金属或合金,当根据JIS Z2371:2000规定的盐水喷雾试验在35℃下进行50g/L的盐水喷雾96小时时,该金属或合金在其表面形成厚度为20nm以上的氧化膜。导电材料的具体实例可包括Ni、Ni合金、Ti、Ti合金、Cr、Cr合金或不锈钢等。由于上述金属或合金的氧化还原电位低于铜的氧化还原电位,所以可以降低在导体20和端子部件3之间形成的电池的电位差,并且容易抑制导体20的腐蚀。特别地,Ni廉价且容易获得,并且通过镀覆Ni可以容易地形成覆层31。因此,Ni优选作为覆层31的导电材料。
覆层31的厚度可以为0.1μm以上30μm以下。当覆层31的厚度为0.1μm以上时,可以充分生长抑制导体20的腐蚀的氧化膜32。当覆层31的厚度为30μm以下时,可以在相对短的时间内形成覆层31。更优选地,覆层31的厚度为2μm以上10μm以下。
可以根据构成覆层31的导电材料适当地选择形成覆层31的方法。形成覆层31的方法的实例可以包括镀覆、气相沉积(如CVD法和PVD法),等等。诸如电镀、化学镀和热浸镀之类的镀覆可以容易地形成覆层31。
[氧化膜]
在覆层31的表面中,形成了由于覆层31的导电材料的氧化而形成的氧化膜32。在覆层31的整个表面上形成了氧化膜32,以降低端子部件3的表面中的氧还原电流。氧还原电流是这样一种电流,如图3所示,当环境水5由端子部件3附着至导体20时,该电流会使端子部件3的表面中的氧(O2)还原。由于当Al被氧化并变为Al3+时提供了氧还原电流的电子(e-),因此导体20会腐蚀。上述氧化膜32可以根据其厚度降低氧还原电流。根据本申请的发明人的研究,已经发现,对于通过由氧化膜32降低氧还原电流而实现的抑制导体20的腐蚀效果,其足以令人满意的消除用一定的绝缘部件覆盖带端子电线1的导体露出部分2e和端子露出部分3e的必要性。因此,在图1所示的实施方案的带端子电线1中,导体露出部2e和端子露出部3e裸露并露出于带端子电线1的外周气氛。
氧化膜32可以通过导电材料的自然氧化来形成,或者可以通过人工促进导电材料的氧化并增加其厚度来形成。通过自然氧化形成的氧化膜32的厚度为约5nm至6nm。如后述的试验例中所述的,随着氧化膜32变厚,氧还原电流减小,因此可以有效地抑制导体20的腐蚀。从这个观点来看,氧化膜32的厚度优选为20nm以上。
尽管通过构成覆层31的导电材料随时间的氧化,氧化膜32的厚度可以为20nm以上,但是需要数年的时间才能达到该厚度。由于导体20的腐蚀逐渐进行直到氧化膜32生长到具有20nm以上的厚度为止,因此优选(例如)在制造带端子电线1期间通过对整个端子部件3进行热处理,从而使氧化膜生长至具有20nm以上的厚度。
<<效果>>
上述该实例的带端子电线1具有优异的耐腐蚀性。这是因为,如已经提到的,形成在端子部件3的最外层中的氧化膜32减少了使端子部件3的表面中的氧还原的氧还原电流,并且抑制了导体20和端子部件3之间的电池反应。抑制电池反应可以抑制导体20的腐蚀,从而抑制带端子电线1的导电性的降低。
该实例的带端子电线1的生产率优异。这是因为,由于氧化膜32形成在端子部件3中,所以不需要提供覆盖导体20和端子部件3之间的接合部附近的常规绝缘部件,因此可以降低用于布置绝缘部件的时间、精力和成本。另外,该实例的带端子电线1可以简单地通过在端子部件3的表面中形成覆层31并将端子部件3连接到导体20来完成。
本实例的带端子电线1的重量比常规带端子电线轻。这是因为本实例的带端子电线1不具有覆盖导体20和端子部件3之间的接合部附近的绝缘部件,因此该实例的带端子电线1的重量比常规带端子电线轻绝缘部件的重量。特别地,由于线束10具有大量的端子部件3,所以绝缘部件的消除显著地有助于减小线束10的重量。
<<应用>>
本实施方案的带端子电线1和线束10适用于需要减轻重量的各种领域,特别是适用于需要进一步减轻重量以提高燃料效率的汽车。本实施方案的带端子电线1和线束10也特别适用于不与空气隔离的非密封环境,以及在严格意义上不具有防水结构的非防水环境,例如汽车的发动机舱。
<试验例>
如下所述检查了根据第一实施方案的带端子电线1的耐腐蚀性。
<<试验1>>
试验1检查了端子部件中是否存在覆层对带端子电线的腐蚀的影响,以及导体的腐蚀对带端子电线的导电性的影响。
为了进行该试验,制备了各自包括由Ni镀层制成的覆层的多个带端子电线(镀覆样品),以及均不包括覆层的多个带端子电线(非镀覆样品)。在镀覆样品和非镀覆样品中,导体的截面面积均为20mm2。另外,通过超声波焊接将导体接合到端子部件来制造镀覆样品和非镀覆样品。各个镀覆样品的镍镀层的厚度为约3μm。此处,由于镀覆样品和非镀覆样品的区别仅在于是否存在覆层以及覆层表面上形成的氧化膜,因此下面将参考图1来描述镀覆样品和非镀覆样品。
对于所制备的镀覆样品和非镀覆样品,按照JIS Z 2371:2000规定的盐水喷雾试验在35℃下进行50g/L的盐水喷雾达预定时间。将各个样品布置在试验机中,使得带端子电线1的带有端子部件3的端部朝上。将非镀覆样品的盐水喷雾时间设定为24小时、48小时、72小时、96小时、120小时、144小时、168小时、192小时、216小时或240小时,并将镀覆样品的盐水喷雾时间设定为48小时、96小时、144小时、192小时、240小时、288小时、336小时、384小时、432小时或480小时。将各个时间的样品数设定为5。
通过目视观察经过盐水喷雾的各个样品,结果发现在图1中的电线部分23的位置处发生腐蚀。此外,在各样品中的图1中的箭头所示的a和b之间连接恒流电源,并测量c和e之间以及d和e之间的电压。点a是端子部件3的末端的位置,点b是导体20中被绝缘层21覆盖的位置,点c是端子露出部分3e中靠近导体露出部分2e的位置,点d是焊接部分22中靠近电线部分23的位置,并且点e是被绝缘层21覆盖并且比点b更靠近端子部件3的位置。基于恒流电源的电流值和测量的压力值,通过计算获得了c和e之间以及d和e之间的电阻值(mΩ)。图4示出了c和e之间的电阻值,图5示出了通过从c和e之间的电阻值中减去d和e之间的电阻值得到的值,即c和d之间的电阻值。在图4和5中,横坐标轴表示盐水喷雾时间(h:小时),纵坐标轴表示测量位置处的电阻值(mΩ)。圆形标记的绘制点表示镀覆样品,菱形标记的绘制点表示未镀覆样品。
如图4所示,在非镀覆样品中,当盐水喷雾进行120小时时,观察到电阻值的显著增加。另一方面,在镀覆样品中,仅在盐水喷雾进行480小时后才观察到电阻值的显著增加。该结果表明,通过在端子部件中形成Ni镀层,可以有效地抑制电线2的导体20的腐蚀。
另外,如图5所示,尽管盐水喷雾时间的长度增加,但在c和d之间没有出现电阻值的增加。即,如通过目视所确认的,发现在电线部分23的位置处发生导体20的腐蚀,并且在焊接部分22中几乎不发生腐蚀。
<<试验2>>
试验2检查了导体20的多大程度的腐蚀将导致带端子电线1的电阻值的增加。
同样在试验2中,如在试验1中那样制备了多个镀覆样品和非镀覆样品。然后,在与试验1的试验条件相同的条件下对镀覆样品和非镀覆样品进行盐水喷雾。将非镀覆样品的盐水喷雾时间设定为24小时、48小时、72小时、96小时或216小时,将镀覆样品的盐水喷雾时间设定为48小时、96小时、144小时、336小时或432小时。将各个时间的样品数设为1。
由于在试验1中发现导体20的腐蚀发生在电线部分23处,因此试验2通过切割经过盐水喷雾的各个样品中的电线部分23并观察其截面,从而检查各个样品的截面减小率(%)。通过{(试验前导体20的截面面积)-(剩余导体20的截面面积)/(试验前导体20的截面面积)}×100来得到截面减小率。然而,关于试验前导体20的截面面积,测量了并非是实际进行盐水喷雾的样品的其他样品(n=30)的截面面积,并使用其平均值。通过对截面的照片进行图像处理等,可以容易地获得截面面积。结果如图6的图所示。在图6中,横坐标轴表示盐水喷雾时间(h),纵坐标轴表示导体20的截面减小率(%)。
图6示出了由非镀覆样品的截面减小率的绘制点,通过最小二乘法得到的表示盐水喷雾时间和截面减小率之间的关系的相关直线。该相关直线由y=0.1604x表示(其中y是截面减小率,x是盐水喷雾时间),并且其相关系数的平方(R2)是0.9896。图6还示出了由镀覆样品的截面减小率的绘制点通过最小二乘法得到的示出盐水喷雾时间和截面减小率之间的关系的相关直线。该相关直线由y=0.0393x表示,并且其相关系数的平方(R2)为0.9937。由于这些相关直线的相关系数的平方非常接近1,所以可以基于这些相关直线获得未进行测量下的盐水喷雾时间中的截面减小率。
在试验1中,当盐水喷雾时间为120小时时,在非镀覆样品中观察到电阻值的显著增加,并且当盐水喷雾时间为480小时时,在镀覆样品中观察到电阻值的显著增加。当用120带入非镀覆样品的相关直线的x时,获得了约20%的截面减小率。类似地,当用480代入镀覆样品的相关直线的x时,也获得了约20%的截面减小率。即,认为当导体20的截面面积减小20%时,发生带端子电线1的电阻值的增加。这与以下是同义的:即,即使导体20腐蚀,只要导体20的截面减小率小于20%,就可以保持作为带端子电线1(镀覆样品)的功能。在带端子电线1中允许导体20的一定程度的腐蚀的事实证明该实例的带端子电线1可以用在非防水环境中。
<<试验3>>
如基于图3所述,由于氧化膜32降低了端子部件3的表面中的氧还原电流,导体20的腐蚀得到抑制。试验3检查了伴随着盐水喷雾的氧化膜32的生长程度,以及氧还原电流如何根据氧化膜32的厚度而变化。
在试验3中,制备了多个镀覆样品。将镀覆样品的盐水喷雾时间设定为0小时、8小时、16小时、24小时、32小时、48小时、96小时、144小时、192小时、384小时、432小时或480小时。将各个时间的样品数设为5。
通过X射线光电子光谱法获得了各个镀覆样品的氧化膜32的厚度(nm)。具体而言,将通过溅射深度分布测量获得的氧(O)的检测深度视为氧化膜32的厚度。所使用的测量装置是由ULVAC-PHI,Inc.制造的Quantera SMX,将X射线条件设定为100μm、25W和15kV,并将平均溅射速率设定为24.39纳米/分钟(使用根据JIS K 0146:2002测量的SiO2的溅射速率计算得到)。图7示出了结果。在图7中,横坐标轴表示盐水喷雾时间(h),纵坐标轴表示氧化膜32的厚度(nm)。然而,图7中未提供384小时的数据。
盐水喷雾时间设定为0(即,未经盐水喷雾)的自然氧化的氧化膜32的厚度为6nm。另一方面,发现氧化膜32的厚度随着盐水喷雾时间的延长而增加。特别地,发现氧化膜32通过盐水喷雾32至48小时而生长至约20nm的厚度。还发现,通过盐水喷雾96小时,氧化膜32可以可靠地具有20nm以上的厚度。
随后,测量了端子部件3中的氧还原电流密度(μA/cm2)。具体而言,将在各镀覆样品的电线部分23的位置处切断的试验片的除电线2以外的部分浸入测量溶液中,并连接至循环伏安装置。然后,通过线性扫描伏安法测量流过试验片和对电极的电流,并将相对于参比电极在-0.8V电位下流动的电流除以测试片中浸入测量溶液中的部分的面积来获得氧还原电流密度。使用的测量溶液是5质量%NaCl水溶液(盐水),使用试验片的自然浸入电位作为初始电位在阴极方向上扫描测量电位,参比电极由Ag/AgCl制成,对电极由Pt制成,扫描速率设定为10mV/s。图8示出了结果。在图8中,横坐标轴表示盐水喷雾时间(h),纵坐标轴表示氧还原电流密度(μA/cm2)。然而,图8中未提供144小时和192小时的数据。
如图8所示,虽然氧还原电流密度随着盐水喷雾时间的延长而降低,但氧还原电流密度的降低在盐水喷雾达96小时时基本上停止。基于图9的图(其示出了由图7和图8的数据获得的氧化膜32的厚度与氧还原电流密度之间的关系),发现当氧化膜32的厚度为约20nm时,降低氧还原电流密度的效果开始饱和。
试验3的结果表明,预先增加氧化膜32的厚度以抑制带端子电线1的导体20的腐蚀是有效的,并且氧化膜32的优选厚度为20nm以上。还表明,即使在预先增加氧化膜32的厚度的情况下,当氧化膜32的厚度不必要地增加时,也不易于实现抑制导体20的腐蚀的效果。
附图标记列表
10:线束;
1:带端子电线;
2:电线;
20:导体;21:绝缘层;22:焊接部分;23:电线部分;2e:导体露出部分;2m:焊痕;
3:端子部件;
30:主体;31:覆层;32:氧化膜;3e:端子露出部分;3h:通孔;3m:焊痕;
4:超声波焊接机;
40:接收夹具;41:焊头;
5:环境水。

Claims (7)

1.一种带端子电线,包括:
具有由铝或铝合金制成的导体的电线,该导体的外周覆盖有绝缘层;和
由铜或铜合金制成的端子部件,该端子部件连接到位于所述电线的端部处的从所述绝缘层中露出的导体露出部分,
所述端子部件包括
由导电材料制成的覆层,该覆层形成在所述端子部件的表面中除了与所述导体接触的位置之外的端子露出部分,和
所述导电材料的氧化膜,该氧化膜形成在所述覆层的表面中,
所述导电材料是这样的金属或合金,当根据JIS Z2371:2000规定的盐水喷雾试验在35℃下进行50g/L的盐水喷雾96小时时,该金属或合金在其表面形成厚度为20nm以上的氧化膜,
所述导体露出部分和所述端子露出部分裸露并露出于所述带端子电线的外周气氛。
2.根据权利要求1所述的带端子电线,其中所述导电材料是镍、镍合金、钛、钛合金、铬、铬合金或不锈钢。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的带端子电线,其中所述覆层由镍镀层或镍合金镀层制成。
4.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的带端子电线,其中所述导体的截面面积为10mm2以上。
5.根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的带端子电线,其中将所述导体超声波焊接到所述端子部件。
6.根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的带端子电线,其中所述氧化膜的厚度为20nm以上。
7.一种线束,包括捆扎在一起的多个根据权利要求1至6中任一项所述的带端子电线。
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