JPWO2019215914A1 - 端子付き電線、及びワイヤーハーネス - Google Patents
端子付き電線、及びワイヤーハーネス Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JPWO2019215914A1 JPWO2019215914A1 JP2018563647A JP2018563647A JPWO2019215914A1 JP WO2019215914 A1 JPWO2019215914 A1 JP WO2019215914A1 JP 2018563647 A JP2018563647 A JP 2018563647A JP 2018563647 A JP2018563647 A JP 2018563647A JP WO2019215914 A1 JPWO2019215914 A1 JP WO2019215914A1
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- terminal
- conductor
- electric wire
- oxide film
- terminal member
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
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Images
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
- H01R43/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing, assembling, maintaining, or repairing of line connectors or current collectors or for joining electric conductors
- H01R43/04—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing, assembling, maintaining, or repairing of line connectors or current collectors or for joining electric conductors for forming connections by deformation, e.g. crimping tool
- H01R43/048—Crimping apparatus or processes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
- H01R43/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing, assembling, maintaining, or repairing of line connectors or current collectors or for joining electric conductors
- H01R43/16—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing, assembling, maintaining, or repairing of line connectors or current collectors or for joining electric conductors for manufacturing contact members, e.g. by punching and by bending
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
- H01R9/00—Structural associations of a plurality of mutually-insulated electrical connecting elements, e.g. terminal strips or terminal blocks; Terminals or binding posts mounted upon a base or in a case; Bases therefor
- H01R9/03—Connectors arranged to contact a plurality of the conductors of a multiconductor cable, e.g. tapping connections
- H01R9/05—Connectors arranged to contact a plurality of the conductors of a multiconductor cable, e.g. tapping connections for coaxial cables
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- Insulated Conductors (AREA)
Abstract
Description
アルミニウム又はアルミニウム合金で構成された導体の外周が絶縁層で覆われた電線と、
銅又は銅合金で構成され、前記電線の端部において前記絶縁層から露出された導体露出部に取り付けられた端子部材と、を備える端子付き電線であって、
前記端子部材は、
導電材料で構成され、前記端子部材の表面における前記導体との接触箇所を除いた端子露出部に形成される被覆層と、
前記被覆層の更に表面に形成された前記導電材料の酸化被膜と、を備え、
前記導電材料は、JIS Z 2371:2000に規定される塩水噴霧試験に準拠して35℃、50g/Lの塩水を96時間噴霧したときに、その表面に厚さ20nm以上の酸化被膜を形成する金属又は合金であり、
前記導体露出部及び前記端子露出部が、前記端子付き電線の外周雰囲気に裸で露出している。
本開示の端子付き電線を複数本束ねてなる。
端子付き電線は、自動車や航空機などの移動機器や、ロボットなどの産業機器に利用される。これらの分野では、端子付き電線は、複数本を束ねたワイヤーハーネスの形態で利用されることが多く、機器に占める端子付き電線の割合は大きい。特に移動機器の分野では、環境に対する配慮から移動機器の燃費を改善するために端子付き電線の軽量化が望まれている。そのため、特許文献1の端子付き電線のように、導体をアルミニウム合金で構成することで端子付き電線の軽量化を図ることが行われている。しかし、導体がアルミニウム合金からなり、端子部材が銅や銅合金からなる端子付き電線には、導体と端子部材との間で電池が形成され、導体が腐食するという問題がある。その問題点を解決するために、特許文献1を含む従来の端子付き電線では、導体と端子部材との接合箇所の近傍に樹脂で構成される絶縁部材などを設けて導体の腐食を抑制している。しかし、この対応には、絶縁部材を後付けする手間とコストがかかるという問題や、銅よりも軽量なアルミニウム合金を用いたことによる軽量化のメリットを損なうという問題がある。
最初に本願発明の実施形態の内容を列記して説明する。
アルミニウム又はアルミニウム合金で構成された導体の外周が絶縁層で覆われた電線と、
銅又は銅合金で構成され、前記電線の端部において前記絶縁層から露出された導体露出部に取り付けられた端子部材と、を備える端子付き電線であって、
前記端子部材は、
導電材料で構成され、前記端子部材の表面における前記導体との接触箇所を除いた端子露出部に形成される被覆層と、
前記被覆層の更に表面に形成された前記導電材料の酸化被膜と、を備え、
前記導電材料は、JIS Z 2371:2000に規定される塩水噴霧試験に準拠して35℃、50g/Lの塩水を96時間噴霧したときに、その表面に厚さ20nm以上の酸化被膜を形成する金属又は合金であり、
前記導体露出部及び前記端子露出部が、前記端子付き電線の外周雰囲気に裸で露出している。
前記導電材料は、ニッケル、ニッケル合金、チタン、チタン合金、クロム、クロム合金、又はステンレスである形態を挙げることができる。
前記被覆層は、ニッケル又はニッケル合金のメッキで構成される形態を挙げることができる。
前記導体の断面積が10mm2以上である形態を挙げることができる。
前記導体が前記端子部材に超音波溶接されている形態を挙げることができる。
前記酸化被膜の厚さが20nm以上である形態を挙げることができる。
上記<1>から<6>のいずれかの端子付き電線を複数本束ねてなる。
本願発明の実施形態に係る端子付き電線の具体例を、図1〜3を参照しつつ説明する。図中の同一符号は同一又は相当部分を示す。なお、本願発明はこれらの例示に限定されるものではなく、請求の範囲によって示され、請求の範囲と均等の意味及び範囲内でのすべての変更が含まれることが意図される。
図1に示す実施形態のワイヤーハーネス10は、複数の端子付き電線1を束ねてなる。図1では、一本の端子付き電線1の端部のみを示している。各端子付き電線1の端部では、電線2と端子部材3とが電気的・機械的に接合している。以下、端子付き電線1の各構成を説明する。
電線2は、導体20と、その外周に形成される絶縁層21とを備える。電線2の端部では、絶縁層21が剥がされて導体20の一部が露出している。この導体20が露出する導体露出部2eは、後述する端子部材3に接合されている。
電線2の導体20は、アルミニウム(Al)又はAl合金で構成される。Al合金には、添加元素を含有し、残部がAl及び不可避的不純物からなる種々の組成のものが利用できる。添加元素は、例えば、Fe、Mg、Si、Cu、Zn、Ni、Mn、Ag、Cr及びZrから選択される1種以上が挙げられる。上記Al合金は更に、Al合金の結晶組織を微細にするTi及びBの少なくとも一方を含有していても良い。添加元素の好ましい合計含有量は0.005質量%以上5.0質量%以下、より好ましくは0.1質量%以上2.0質量%以下である。各元素の好ましい含有量は、質量%で、Fe:0.005%以上2.2%以下、Mg:0.05%以上1.0%以下、Mn,Ni,Zr,Zn,Cr及びAg:合計で0.005%以上0.2%以下、Cu:0.05%以上0.5%以下、Si:0.04%以上1.0%以下である。これらの添加元素は、1種でも2種以上を組み合わせて含有していてもよい。このような合金として、例えば、Al−Fe合金、Al−Fe−Mg合金、Al−Fe−Si合金、Al−Fe−Mg−(Mn,Ni,Zr,Ag)合金、Al−Fe−Cu合金、Al−Fe−Cu−(Mg,Si)合金、Al−Mg−Si−Cu合金などが挙げられる。
導体20の外周に備える絶縁層21の構成材料は、例えば、ポリ塩化ビニル(PVC)やノンハロゲン樹脂、難燃性に優れる絶縁性材料などが挙げられる。絶縁層の材質や厚さは、所望の絶縁強度を考慮して適宜選択することができ、特に限定されない。
端子部材3は、上述した電線2を外部機器の外部端子に電気的に接続するための金具である。端子部材3の形状は特に限定されず、本例では平板状となっている。その他、端子部材3は、従来の圧着端子のように、電線2の導体露出部2eを収納するバレルが設けられた形態であってもかまわない。
被覆層31は、導電材料で構成される層であって、端子部材3に接合される導体20の腐食を抑制するために設けられる。より正確に言えば、被覆層31が導体20の腐食を抑制するのではなく、被覆層31を構成する導電材料が酸化することで形成される酸化被膜32が導体20の腐食を抑制する。この被覆層31は、端子部材3における導体20との接触箇所を除いた端子露出部3eに形成される。導体20は、端子露出部3eの全面に設けられていても良いが、少なくとも端子露出部3eにおける導体20との接触箇所の境界から所定範囲の領域に形成されていれば良い。実際の製造では、本体30の外周に被覆層31を形成した後、端子部材3を電線2の導体20に接合することになるので、端子露出部3eの全面に被覆層31があると考えて良い。本体30の外周に被覆層31を形成した端子部材3を導体20に接合する場合、その接合作業に伴って端子部材3と導体20との間に介在される被覆層31が破壊される。端子部材3と導体20の間に被覆層31の一部が残存することは許容される。
被覆層31の更に表面には、被覆層31の導電材料が酸化してなる酸化被膜32が形成されている。酸化被膜32は、被覆層31の全面に形成され、端子部材3の表面の酸素還元電流を低減する。酸素還元電流は、図3に示すように、端子部材3から導体20にかけて環境水5が付着したときに、端子部材3の表面で酸素(O2)を還元する電流である。酸素還元電流の電子(e−)は、Alが酸化してAl3+となることでもたらされるため、導体20が腐食する。上述した酸化被膜32は、その厚さに応じて酸素還元電流を低減することができる。本願発明者らの研究によれば、酸化被膜32による酸素還元電流の低減がもたらす導体20の腐食を抑制する効果は、端子付き電線1の導体露出部2e及び端子露出部3eを何らかの絶縁部材で覆う必要が無い程のものであることが分かった。従って、図1に示す実施形態の端子付き電線1では、導体露出部2e及び端子露出部3eが端子付き電線1の外周雰囲気に裸で露出している。
上述した本例の端子付き電線1は耐食性に優れる。既に述べたように、端子部材3の最外層に形成される酸化被膜32が、端子部材3の表面に酸素を還元させる酸素還元電流を低減させ、導体20と端子部材3との間の電池反応を抑制するからである。当該電池反応を抑制することで、導体20が腐食して端子付き電線1の導電性が低下することを抑制できる。
実施形態の端子付き電線1及びワイヤーハーネス10は、軽量化が望まれている種々の分野、特に、燃費の向上のために更なる軽量化が望まれている自動車に好適に利用することができる。特に、自動車のエンジンルームなど、大気に対して隔絶されていない非密閉環境であって、厳密な防水構造となっていない非防水環境にも、実施形態の端子付き電線1及びワイヤーハーネス10を利用することができる。
以下、実施形態1に係る端子付き電線1の耐食性について検討を行った。
試験1では、端子部材の被覆層の有無が端子付き電線の腐食に及ぼす影響と、導体の腐食が端子付き電線の導電性に及ぼす影響を調べた。
試験2では、導体20がどの程度腐食すれば、端子付き電線1の抵抗値の上昇が生じるのかを調べた。
図3に基づいて説明したように、酸化被膜32が端子部材3の表面の酸素還元電流を低減させることで、導体20の腐食を抑制する。試験3では、塩水噴霧に伴う酸化被膜32の成長度合いと、酸化被膜32の厚さによって酸素還元電流がどのように変化するかを調べた。
1 端子付き電線
2 電線
20 導体 21 絶縁層 22 溶接部 23 電線部
2e 導体露出部 2m 溶接痕
3 端子部材
30 本体 31 被覆層 32 酸化被膜
3e 端子露出部 3h 貫通孔 3m 溶接痕
4 超音波溶接機
40 受け治具 41 ホーン
5 環境水
Claims (7)
- アルミニウム又はアルミニウム合金で構成された導体の外周が絶縁層で覆われた電線と、
銅又は銅合金で構成され、前記電線の端部において前記絶縁層から露出された導体露出部に取り付けられた端子部材と、を備える端子付き電線であって、
前記端子部材は、
導電材料で構成され、前記端子部材の表面における前記導体との接触箇所を除いた端子露出部に形成される被覆層と、
前記被覆層の更に表面に形成された前記導電材料の酸化被膜と、を備え、
前記導電材料は、JIS Z 2371:2000に規定される塩水噴霧試験に準拠して35℃、50g/Lの塩水を96時間噴霧したときに、その表面に厚さ20nm以上の酸化被膜を形成する金属又は合金であり、
前記導体露出部及び前記端子露出部が、前記端子付き電線の外周雰囲気に裸で露出している端子付き電線。 - 前記導電材料は、ニッケル、ニッケル合金、チタン、チタン合金、クロム、クロム合金、又はステンレスである請求項1に記載の端子付き電線。
- 前記被覆層は、ニッケル又はニッケル合金のメッキで構成される請求項1又は請求項2に記載の端子付き電線。
- 前記導体の断面積が10mm2以上である請求項1から請求項3のいずれか1項に記載の端子付き電線。
- 前記導体が前記端子部材に超音波溶接されている請求項1から請求項4のいずれか1項に記載の端子付き電線。
- 前記酸化被膜の厚さが20nm以上である請求項1から請求項5のいずれか1項に記載の端子付き電線。
- 請求項1から請求項6のいずれか1項に記載の端子付き電線を複数本束ねてなるワイヤーハーネス。
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WO2019215914A1 (ja) | 2019-11-14 |
CN110720160A (zh) | 2020-01-21 |
JP7068664B2 (ja) | 2022-05-17 |
US10931038B2 (en) | 2021-02-23 |
US20200350708A1 (en) | 2020-11-05 |
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