CN1107165C - 内燃机燃料喷射器的可调计量阀 - Google Patents

内燃机燃料喷射器的可调计量阀 Download PDF

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CN1107165C
CN1107165C CN98126192A CN98126192A CN1107165C CN 1107165 C CN1107165 C CN 1107165C CN 98126192 A CN98126192 A CN 98126192A CN 98126192 A CN98126192 A CN 98126192A CN 1107165 C CN1107165 C CN 1107165C
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metering valve
armature
flange
housing
electromagnet
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马里奥·里科
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M47/00—Fuel-injection apparatus operated cyclically with fuel-injection valves actuated by fluid pressure
    • F02M47/02—Fuel-injection apparatus operated cyclically with fuel-injection valves actuated by fluid pressure of accumulator-injector type, i.e. having fuel pressure of accumulator tending to open, and fuel pressure in other chamber tending to close, injection valves and having means for periodically releasing that closing pressure
    • F02M47/027—Electrically actuated valves draining the chamber to release the closing pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M63/00—Other fuel-injection apparatus having pertinent characteristics not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00; Details, component parts, or accessories of fuel-injection apparatus, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M39/00 - F02M61/00 or F02M67/00; Combination of fuel pump with other devices, e.g. lubricating oil pump
    • F02M63/0012—Valves
    • F02M63/0014—Valves characterised by the valve actuating means
    • F02M63/0015—Valves characterised by the valve actuating means electrical, e.g. using solenoid
    • F02M63/0017—Valves characterised by the valve actuating means electrical, e.g. using solenoid using electromagnetic operating means
    • F02M63/0021—Valves characterised by the valve actuating means electrical, e.g. using solenoid using electromagnetic operating means characterised by the arrangement of mobile armatures
    • F02M63/0022—Valves characterised by the valve actuating means electrical, e.g. using solenoid using electromagnetic operating means characterised by the arrangement of mobile armatures the armature and the valve being allowed to move relatively to each other
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M63/00—Other fuel-injection apparatus having pertinent characteristics not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00; Details, component parts, or accessories of fuel-injection apparatus, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M39/00 - F02M61/00 or F02M67/00; Combination of fuel pump with other devices, e.g. lubricating oil pump
    • F02M63/0012—Valves
    • F02M63/0031—Valves characterized by the type of valves, e.g. special valve member details, valve seat details, valve housing details
    • F02M63/0033—Lift valves, i.e. having a valve member that moves perpendicularly to the plane of the valve seat
    • F02M63/0036—Lift valves, i.e. having a valve member that moves perpendicularly to the plane of the valve seat with spherical or partly spherical shaped valve member ends
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M63/00—Other fuel-injection apparatus having pertinent characteristics not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00; Details, component parts, or accessories of fuel-injection apparatus, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M39/00 - F02M61/00 or F02M67/00; Combination of fuel pump with other devices, e.g. lubricating oil pump
    • F02M63/02—Fuel-injection apparatus having several injectors fed by a common pumping element, or having several pumping elements feeding a common injector; Fuel-injection apparatus having provisions for cutting-out pumps, pumping elements, or injectors; Fuel-injection apparatus having provisions for variably interconnecting pumping elements and injectors alternatively
    • F02M63/0205—Fuel-injection apparatus having several injectors fed by a common pumping element, or having several pumping elements feeding a common injector; Fuel-injection apparatus having provisions for cutting-out pumps, pumping elements, or injectors; Fuel-injection apparatus having provisions for variably interconnecting pumping elements and injectors alternatively for cutting-out pumps or injectors in case of abnormal operation of the engine or the injection apparatus, e.g. over-speed, break-down of fuel pumps or injectors ; for cutting-out pumps for stopping the engine
    • F02M63/022—Fuel-injection apparatus having several injectors fed by a common pumping element, or having several pumping elements feeding a common injector; Fuel-injection apparatus having provisions for cutting-out pumps, pumping elements, or injectors; Fuel-injection apparatus having provisions for variably interconnecting pumping elements and injectors alternatively for cutting-out pumps or injectors in case of abnormal operation of the engine or the injection apparatus, e.g. over-speed, break-down of fuel pumps or injectors ; for cutting-out pumps for stopping the engine by acting on fuel control mechanism
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M2547/00—Special features for fuel-injection valves actuated by fluid pressure
    • F02M2547/003—Valve inserts containing control chamber and valve piston

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)

Abstract

一种计量阀，其由电磁铁的衔铁控制，衔铁朝电磁铁的移动被一与法兰做成一体的止动件阻止，该法兰通过一个与电磁铁的裙部相连的螺帽装在壳体上；在法兰和壳体的台肩之间设有由可压缩弹性材料制成的垫片，螺帽的拧紧扭矩压紧垫片，从而调整衔铁的行程。在另一例中，在法兰和壳体的台肩之间设有由硬质材料制成的垫片，其宽度小于法兰的环状突出部分，该部分可根据螺帽的拧紧扭矩弯曲。

Description

内燃机燃料喷射器的可调计量阀
                    技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于内燃机燃料喷射器的可调计量阀。
                    背景技术
计量阀通常是由电磁的衔铁控制的，该计量阀装设在喷射器体上，衔铁朝电磁铁芯的移动改变喷射器的喷射量，而衔铁与铁芯之间的间隙则影响到电磁铁断电时阀的反应时间，因此上述的移动和间隙必须精确调整。
现在已有多种计量阀，其衔铁与一个杆相连，该杆由一个套筒导向，套筒上具有一个止动法兰，其衔铁的行程由压靠在套筒边缘的法兰限定。在一种现有的计量阀中，套筒被安装在喷射器内部，其间插有垫片，电磁铁与喷射器体借助一个裙部相连，其间插有另一个垫片。在另一种现有的计量阀，导向套筒的法兰经由两组垫片安装在套筒的台肩部和电磁铁裙部的边缘之间。
在上述二种情况下，二垫片均选自现有的标定垫片组，垫片组中各垫片的厚度差很小，由于技术上的原因，该厚度差一般不小于所允许的机加工误差，如5微米。但是5微米的间隙对于衔铁的行程来说就过于粗糙的调整了，因此它无法适应现代内燃机(特别是大功率内燃机)对喷射器供油的严格限制。
在现有的喷射器中有一种是这样的，其套筒包括一个螺纹件，该螺纹件直接螺纹配合在喷射器体的内螺纹上，以便通过调整螺纹件的拧紧扭矩来调整衔铁的行程。但是这种喷射器中要包括喷射器本身的拆卸部件，。
                           发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种可调整的计量阀，与现有标定垫片的计量阀相比，本发明可以以一种更直接的方式精确调整衔铁的行程。
根据本发明，提供一种用于内燃机燃料喷射器的计量阀，该计量阀安装在喷射器的一个壳体上，该计量阀由电磁铁的衔铁控制，所述的衔铁朝所述的电磁铁的移动被一个安装在壳体的止动件止动；其中，所述的止动件通过一个螺纹件安装，即将其螺纹配合在所述壳体的螺纹上，并施以标定的拧紧扭矩，这样，可以通过拧紧扭矩来调整衔铁向电磁铁的行程；所述的螺纹位于壳体的外部；且所述的螺纹件是从壳体外部操作的。
                          附图说明
下面将参照附图，描述本发明的几个最佳、但非限制性的实施例。
图1是燃料喷射器的部分剖示图，所示的喷射器中带有本发明的可调计量阀；
图2是图1的局部放大图；
图3是图1的局部放大示意图，其为本发明的另一实施例。
                         具体实施方式
在图1中，标号11表示整个燃料喷射器(如用于内燃机中)。该喷射器11包括：一个空心壳体12，壳体12端部支承一个喷嘴(图中未示)，喷嘴带有一个或多个喷射孔；与一关闭喷射孔的销相连的控制杆10，在壳体12内滑动；壳体12包括一个辅助管13，该管插入有与正常燃料泵相连的进口接头16上，且壳体上还包括一个大致为柱形的腔室17，该腔室17上带有螺纹18和台肩19。
喷射器11还包括一个可调计量阀24，该阀装设在腔室17内，并由控制衔铁27的电磁阀控制。电磁铁26包括一个环形磁芯28，磁芯上装有线圈29，且其中心孔31与同燃料箱相通的排出接头32同轴。
计量阀24包括一个柱形的阀体33，阀体33上带有法兰34，将外螺母36拧在腔室17的螺纹18上，可使阀体33的该法兰34通常抵靠在腔室17的台肩19上。衔铁27一般包括一个与套筒49一体的盘37，计量阀24的阀体33包括一个控制腔41，该控制腔具有一个与腔室17相通的排出管43，且阀体33还包括一个靠近腔室41的轴孔40，杆10可在该孔中滑动，进入管42通过壳体12中的导管44与接头16相通。
作用在杆10上的燃料压力通常使该杆关闭喷射器11的喷嘴上的喷孔，球阀46使控制腔41的排出管43通常处于关闭位置，球阀46是落在一个靠近导管43的表面所限定的锥形座上的。球阀46由导向板47导向，导向板由插入套筒49的柱杆48上的法兰45作用。杆48包括一个槽，一C形环50插入其中，C形环则与衔铁27的台肩51相接合，从而使衔铁27不与杆48接触；杆48伸入孔31中一定的长度，且端部为一小直径部分52，用以支承和固定装在孔31中的一个压簧53。
计量阀24包括一个导向件66，该导向件则又包括一个套筒67，衔铁27的杆48可在该套筒内滑动。计量阀24还包括一个用于止动衔铁27的部件，该部件由套筒67的底缘71来限定，杆48的法兰45所确定的一个台肩的抵靠在该部件上。导向件66也包括一个法兰73，该法兰上开有多个孔75，这些孔将排出管43与排出接头32相通。一个弹簧80(弹簧53强于该弹簧)位于衔铁27的盘37和法兰73之间。
法兰73抵靠在壳体12的另一个台肩74上，其间插有校准垫片76，垫片76可从标准垫片组中选择。通常出于技术上的考虑，垫片76所用垫片差别不小于5微米，因此可预调衔铁27的行程，将其大致确定为5微米的精度。
电磁铁26的铁芯28装有裙部90内，它由非磁性材料制造，其上具有一个内台肩91，并通过将其边缘92弯折在与接头32形成一体的盘93上而接在接头32上，这样便可将铁芯28固定在台肩91和盘93之间。
裙部90还包括一个外台肩94，该外台肩与螺帽96所确定的螺纹件的向内突出部95相接合，螺帽96是从壳体12的外部拧的，且其螺纹配合在壳体12的外螺纹64上。垫片98设置在裙部90的底部边缘97和导向件66的法兰73之间，用以限定盘37和铁芯28之间的间隙。
在图1和2所示的实施例中，垫片76沿轴向对准裙部90的边缘97和垫片98，垫片76由弹性材料(如金属处理的硬橡胶)、或轻金属(如铝)、或塑料(如特富隆Teflon)制造。
由于螺帽96的拧紧扭矩的作用，法兰73弹性压紧垫片76，从而使套筒67的底部边缘71产生一个向下的位移，该位移将减少衔铁76的行程，并且在一定程度上与拧紧扭矩基本上成正比。
垫片76的表面和厚度以及螺帽96的直径的选择可使边缘71随一定拧紧扭矩的变化有一定的位移，如1微米，这样通过调整螺帽96的拧紧扭矩即可实现衔铁27行程的精确调整，其调整精度约为1微米。选择的垫片厚度和直径尺寸可以在拧紧扭矩变化1牛顿/米时产生1微米的位移。
在图3所示的实施例中，法兰73和台肩74之间设有硬质金属制成的垫片100，该垫片的外径小于或等于垫片98和裙部90的边缘97的内径，以使边缘97对法兰73的环形突出部分101产生作用。
由于螺纹64上的螺帽96的拧紧扭矩的作用，法兰73的部分101可弹性弯曲，使套筒的底部边缘71产生一定的向上的位移，以增加衔铁27的行程，此时行程量一定程度上与拧紧扭矩的变化量成反比。
法兰73中的部分101的宽度和厚度可选择得使边缘71在拧紧扭矩变化时有一定的位移，如当拧紧扭矩变化1牛顿/米时，其产生1微米的位移，这样，此时还可以调整螺纹64上的螺帽96的拧紧扭矩，以精确调整衔铁27的行程。
与现有的装置相比，本发明可调计量阀的优点从以上描述中即可看出。具体说，本发明的调整精度要大大高于现有的计量阀。此外，所述计量阀的调整只需简单调整螺帽96的拧紧扭矩，这可以在喷射器的外部操作。最后，所述的调整工作甚至可以在修理或维护喷射器时进行。
显然，在不脱离所附的权利要求的范围内，上述的喷射器可以有多种变化。例如，图2中的法兰73可以由弹性可压缩材料制成；拧紧扭矩可以通过一个自动装置施加，该装置中设有一个施力测量部分和一个根据测量值修正拧紧扭矩的部分。

Claims (8)

1.一种用于内燃机燃料喷射器的可调计量阀，该计量阀(24)安装在喷射器(11)的一个中空壳体(12)上，该计量阀(24)由电磁铁(26)的衔铁(27)控制，所述的衔铁(27)朝所述电磁铁(26)的移动被装在所述壳体(12)上的一止动件(71)阻止；其特征在于，所述的止动件(71)通过一个螺纹件(96)固定，此螺纹件(96)螺纹配合在所述壳体(12)的螺纹(64)上，并施以校准的拧紧扭矩，由拧紧扭矩来调整衔铁(27)向电磁铁(26)的移动；所述的螺纹(64)位于壳体(12)的外部；且所述的螺纹件(96)是从壳体(12)外部操作的。
2.如权利要求1所述的计量阀，其特征在于：所述的螺纹件(96)通过一个用以将电磁铁(26)固定在所述的壳体(12)上的固定件(90)作用在止动件(71)上。
3.如权利要求2所述的计量阀，其特征在于，计量阀的阀体(33)由螺帽(36)安装在壳体(12)上，所述的止动件(71)由一个用以导向衔铁(27)的导向件(66)支撑；所述的导向件(66)包括一个法兰(73)，该法兰(73)压靠在所述的壳体(12)的台肩(74)上；所述的螺纹件是由另一个作用在所述的固定件(90)上的螺帽(96)来限定的。
4.如权利要求3所述的计量阀，其特征在于，所述的电磁铁(26)包括一个环状的芯(28)；其特征在于：固定件是由电磁铁(26)的裙部(90)来限定的，所述的裙部包括一个用以支承所述芯(28)的台肩(91)。
5.如权利要求4所述的计量阀，其特征在于，所述的衔铁(27)包括一个与所述的芯(28)以磁力相互作用的盘(37)；其特征在于：该盘(37)与一个可在导向件(66)的套筒(67)中滑动的杆(48)；且所述的止动件由套筒(67)的一个边缘(71)限定，且阻挡所述杆(48)的一个台肩(45)。
6.如权利要求3至5中任何一项所述的计量阀，其特征在于：所述的法兰(73)通过垫片(76，100)压靠在壳体(12)的台肩(74)上，所述垫片是从厚度不同的一组标准垫片中选出的，以便预调整所述的行程。
7.如权利要求6所述的计量阀，其特征在于：所述的垫片(76)由相对的弹性材料制成；所述的拧紧扭矩弹性地挤压所述的垫片(76)。
8.如权利要求6所述的计量阀，其特征在于：所述的垫片(100)由硬质的材料制成，该垫片的外径小于裙部(90)的内径；所述的裙部(90)作用在法兰(73)的一个环状突出部分(101)上；所述的拧紧扭矩弹性弯折所述的环状部分(101)。
CN98126192A 1997-11-18 1998-11-18 内燃机燃料喷射器的可调计量阀 Expired - Fee Related CN1107165C (zh)

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ITTO97A001007 1997-11-18
IT97TO001007A IT1296144B1 (it) 1997-11-18 1997-11-18 Valvola di dosaggio registrabile per un iniettore di combustibile per motori a combustione interna.

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KR19990045380A (ko) 1999-06-25
ITTO971007A1 (it) 1999-05-18
RU2215181C2 (ru) 2003-10-27
ES2276444T3 (es) 2007-06-16
EP0916843B1 (en) 2006-11-29
DE69836529D1 (de) 2007-01-11
EP0916843A1 (en) 1999-05-19
US6131829A (en) 2000-10-17
KR100605479B1 (ko) 2006-10-24
DE69836529T2 (de) 2007-03-08
JPH11218061A (ja) 1999-08-10
CN1220342A (zh) 1999-06-23
JP4247506B2 (ja) 2009-04-02
IT1296144B1 (it) 1999-06-09
ITTO971007A0 (it) 1997-11-18

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