CN1068931C - 小型喷射器衔铁阀门组件 - Google Patents

小型喷射器衔铁阀门组件 Download PDF

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CN1068931C
CN1068931C CN96199210A CN96199210A CN1068931C CN 1068931 C CN1068931 C CN 1068931C CN 96199210 A CN96199210 A CN 96199210A CN 96199210 A CN96199210 A CN 96199210A CN 1068931 C CN1068931 C CN 1068931C
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armature
valve
valve assembly
ball
assembly
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CN1205761A (zh
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D·P·维乔雷克
H·J·塞勒
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Siemens Automotive Corp
Siemens Automotive LP
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M51/00—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by being operated electrically
    • F02M51/06—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M51/00—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by being operated electrically
    • F02M51/06—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle
    • F02M51/061—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle using electromagnetic operating means
    • F02M51/0625—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle using electromagnetic operating means characterised by arrangement of mobile armatures
    • F02M51/0664—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle using electromagnetic operating means characterised by arrangement of mobile armatures having a cylindrically or partly cylindrically shaped armature, e.g. entering the winding; having a plate-shaped or undulated armature entering the winding
    • F02M51/0671—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle using electromagnetic operating means characterised by arrangement of mobile armatures having a cylindrically or partly cylindrically shaped armature, e.g. entering the winding; having a plate-shaped or undulated armature entering the winding the armature having an elongated valve body attached thereto
    • F02M51/0682—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle using electromagnetic operating means characterised by arrangement of mobile armatures having a cylindrically or partly cylindrically shaped armature, e.g. entering the winding; having a plate-shaped or undulated armature entering the winding the armature having an elongated valve body attached thereto the body being hollow and its interior communicating with the fuel flow
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M51/00—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by being operated electrically
    • F02M51/06—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle
    • F02M51/061—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle using electromagnetic operating means
    • F02M51/0625—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle using electromagnetic operating means characterised by arrangement of mobile armatures
    • F02M51/0664—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle using electromagnetic operating means characterised by arrangement of mobile armatures having a cylindrically or partly cylindrically shaped armature, e.g. entering the winding; having a plate-shaped or undulated armature entering the winding
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M51/00—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by being operated electrically
    • F02M51/06—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle
    • F02M51/061—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle using electromagnetic operating means
    • F02M51/0625—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle using electromagnetic operating means characterised by arrangement of mobile armatures
    • F02M51/0664—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle using electromagnetic operating means characterised by arrangement of mobile armatures having a cylindrically or partly cylindrically shaped armature, e.g. entering the winding; having a plate-shaped or undulated armature entering the winding
    • F02M51/0667—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle using electromagnetic operating means characterised by arrangement of mobile armatures having a cylindrically or partly cylindrically shaped armature, e.g. entering the winding; having a plate-shaped or undulated armature entering the winding the armature acting as a valve or having a short valve body attached thereto
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M51/00—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by being operated electrically
    • F02M51/06—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle
    • F02M51/061—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle using electromagnetic operating means
    • F02M51/0625—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle using electromagnetic operating means characterised by arrangement of mobile armatures
    • F02M51/0664—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle using electromagnetic operating means characterised by arrangement of mobile armatures having a cylindrically or partly cylindrically shaped armature, e.g. entering the winding; having a plate-shaped or undulated armature entering the winding
    • F02M51/0671—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle using electromagnetic operating means characterised by arrangement of mobile armatures having a cylindrically or partly cylindrically shaped armature, e.g. entering the winding; having a plate-shaped or undulated armature entering the winding the armature having an elongated valve body attached thereto
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M61/00—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00
    • F02M61/04—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00 having valves, e.g. having a plurality of valves in series
    • F02M61/10—Other injectors with elongated valve bodies, i.e. of needle-valve type
    • F02M61/12—Other injectors with elongated valve bodies, i.e. of needle-valve type characterised by the provision of guiding or centring means for valve bodies
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M61/00—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00
    • F02M61/16—Details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M61/02 - F02M61/14
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M61/00—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00
    • F02M61/16—Details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M61/02 - F02M61/14
    • F02M61/168—Assembling; Disassembling; Manufacturing; Adjusting
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M2200/00—Details of fuel-injection apparatus, not otherwise provided for
    • F02M2200/90—Selection of particular materials
    • F02M2200/9007—Ceramic materials
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M2200/00—Details of fuel-injection apparatus, not otherwise provided for
    • F02M2200/90—Selection of particular materials
    • F02M2200/9053—Metals
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T403/00—Joints and connections
    • Y10T403/32—Articulated members
    • Y10T403/32606—Pivoted
    • Y10T403/32631—Universal ball and socket
    • Y10T403/32681—Composite ball
    • Y10T403/32704—Stud extends into ball

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
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  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)

Abstract

一种允许O-形图(16)与O-形图(18)的间距减小的用于燃料喷射器(10)的小型喷射器衔铁阀门组件。衔铁阀门组件(52)是一个圆柱形空心磁性构件，其上有一窄的下缩部(42)用作滚珠(54)的安装置端，滚珠被直接安装到下缩部。用卷边或化学粘接方法将下缩部连接在滚珠的中点之上，以使可利用枢轴型导向方案的强度。

Description

小型喷射器衔铁阀门组件
发明的领域
本发明总的涉及诸如将液体燃油喷入内燃机的燃料喷射器的电动阀门，尤其涉及一种电磁线圈控制的燃料喷射器用的经济的小型衔铁阀门组件。
发明的背景
诸如某些燃料喷射器的某些电动阀门的机构包括一个随电动机械作动器的通电和断电而在阀体内轴向往复运动的针，从而有选择地开启和关闭通过阀门的流道。燃料喷射器一般包含一个包括电磁线圈的电磁线圈组件，当线圈通电时，控制衔铁轴向运动。通常，衔铁可滑动地安置在喷射器壳体导向孔中，并由其外球面导向，磁铁与相对于阀门座可动的阀门相连动，以控制燃油喷射。衔铁受线圈产生的电磁力的作用、可在一个方向运动，而受回复弹簧产生的力的作用，向相反方向运动。
历来，燃料喷射器至少包括由两个另件组成的衔铁针组件。衔铁由磁性材料制成，且处于磁通路中。针通常为硬化磁性材料，并用于密封，计量，或提供一导向面。因针具有不同的功能，故传统的针结构包括许多加工的精确的表面，增加了组装的复杂性和成本。
一种由Siemens Automotive Corporation制造的用于DEKA的该种喷射器的最新针结构包括一个杆，其一端开有安装衔铁的槽，而另一端有一经精确研磨的密封和导向面。虽然这种针结构与早先的相比，不需太精密的加工，从而可降低与此相关的成本，但仍具有局限性。除衔铁的外径是一支承面外，针上的单独的导向和密封面也作为支承，从而形成一个三点导向结构。如同任何多点导向系统那样，导向的非直线性可能会造成误动作和非再现性，并最后导致出现磨损现象，这对燃料喷射器的密封有负面影响。缩短支承长度使中心线对中要求更加严格。
喷射器阀组件的另一实例公开于DE4310819A中。它有一壳体和进口端和出口端，燃料经进口端流过壳体。通过壳体的通道由阀座机构开、关，该机构由电磁线圈经衔铁阀组件起作用来操作。该衔铁阀组件包括一管形件，后者有一管形部，构成与管形件轴向对中的内径。一阀密封件密封阀座机构，阻止流体流过。
由于近来倾向于缩小发动机组件的尺寸，有些由于减小发动机隔室内的高度，就必须减小喷射器上O-形圈与O-形圈之间的间距。因为喷注器长度的大部分是由衔铁和针的长度决定的，因此减小这些另件的长度就会减小O-形圈之间的间距。为了减小此长度，必须对阀门密封元件或滚珠在衔铁上的安装加以改进。
因此，本发明的目的是提供一种用于电磁控制的燃料喷射器的小型喷射器衔铁组件，它克服了现有技术的缺点。
发明的概述
本发明的经济的小型衔铁阀门喷射器组件可满足此要求，其中，阀门元件或滚球被直接安装在衔铁上。除尺寸小之外，该组件制造经济且具有有利的喷射器性能。简言之，本发明将某些结构特点实施到衔铁区内的燃油喷射器上。当然，本发明的原理可应用于各种形式的燃油喷射器，而不仅是用于在此特别图示和说明的那一种。
按照本发明，为电磁操作燃料喷射器提供一种小型喷射器衔铁阀组件，以允许缩小喷射器上O型圈和O型圈之间的空间，该喷射器包括：
一个包含电磁线圈的壳体，电磁线圈有选择地被供以电流来操作燃料喷射器；
一根进口连接管，它伸入电磁线圈中，将液体燃料输入壳体；
一个轴向相反的喷咀出口端，经该端，燃料自壳体喷出；
一个配置于壳体内、处于进口连接管和出口端之间的阀座机构，它由电磁线圈经弹簧偏压衔铁阀组件起作用来操作，以开闭经进口连接管和出口之间壳体的流道，其特征在于衔铁阀组件包括：
一管状圆柱形衔铁，其顶端用平底扩孔钻扩孔，能安装回住弹簧的一端，所述衔铁构成衔铁阀组件的上导向件；
一下缩管形部与衔铁成一体，构成一内径，它小于平底孔直径，并与其轴向对中；
一球阀密封件，在其大直径和靠近下缩管部内径的顶端之间有一圆环槽，以使球阀弯压到所述内径上，所述球阀密封阀座机构，阻止流体流过其间。
为充分理解本发明的性质和目的，可参考下述附图和权利要求书的详细说明。
附图的简要说明
在附图中：
图1是经先有技术燃料喷射器的先有技术横剖视图；
图2是经燃料喷射器的横剖视图，体现了按本发明修改的衔铁结构。
优先实施例的说明
参见附图，相应的标号在所有附图中均指相同的另件。图1以剖面形式图示一种用于将燃油喷入内燃机的典型的先有技术电磁控制的燃料喷射器10。该喷射器10包括一由诸如粉末状金属或低碳钢的磁性钢材制造的管状壳体12。电磁线圈组件14通过一对端子15，由来自控制源(未图示)的电流激励，以控制燃料喷射器10。管状壳体12的内侧包含多个不同的直径，形成各种凸肩以备不同的功用。在喷射器10的两端装有密封件或O-形圈16和18，以使放置喷射器10的发动机歧管的孔口和安装喷射器10的燃油管路密封，两者均未图示。喷射器10有一进口端20，和一喷咀出口端22。进口端20附近有一过滤器21，与燃油进口连接管50相通，将燃油输向喷咀出口端22。在喷咀出口端22镗孔，形成凸肩24，安置阀门座组件26。阀门座组件26包括一个阀门座30，一个下部针导向盘28和一个孔板32。
阀门座组件26被弯压在阀体元件39中，使下部针导向盘28紧靠在凸肩24上。阀门座组件26可包括一个诸如O-形圈34的密封件，以防止从阀门座组件26周围洩漏燃油。阀门座组件26附近有下部针导向盘28，它具有一轴向对中孔36，针阀38穿过此孔往复运动。
针阀38的一端有一球面半径，与阀门座组件26中的阀门座30相匹配，以关闭喷射器10。在针阀38的相对球面半径的一端有一衔铁40，与针阀38一道，略微沿上部导向元件41轴向自由运动。衔铁40被可滑动地安置在进口连接管50孔中的弹簧44偏压，使阀门关闭。
这些不同另件的相对组成和按排在现有的燃料喷射器中是常见的。差别主要是指本发明的特点。安装到衔铁的空心管状部分的滚珠轴承型下部密封组件业已在该技术中推荐过。滚珠既作为密封件又作为导向件，当它座合于阀门座30中时，使衔铁针转动。两点支承的导向对于对中问题设有传统的三点导向灵敏。两点导向使这种型式的衔铁和针缩短到比统传的衔铁和针还短，也不会造成耐久性差。
本发明为电磁控制的燃料喷射器10提供一种示于图2的小型喷射器衔铁阀门组件52。该衔铁阀门组件52仅包括两个组件，一衔铁40和一阀门密封元件或滚珠54，衔铁40是有一窄的下缩管形部42的圆柱形管状磁性构件。阀门密封元件54用卷边或化学粘接的方法直接装于衔铁40的下缩管形部42，而不需常规的焊接。这就使衔铁阀门组件52的总长大大缩短。将衔铁40的下缩管形部42置于阀门密封元件或滚珠54的中点之上的安装方法允许利用枢轴型导向方案的强度。
继续参见图2，由磁性材料制成的衔铁40的顶端56有一镗孔或一内径，可放置回复弹簧58的一端。下缩管形部42有一比镗孔内径小且以镗孔内径轴向定位的较小内径，可放置阀门密封元件54。阀门密封元件54包括一个由金属或陶瓷等任何适当材料制造的滚珠轴承。可用卷边压配或化学连接方法使下缩管形部42安装到滚珠54上。滚珠54可包括一任意的圆环槽62，位于滚珠54外径和顶端之间，以便于或简化滚珠与衔铁40的下缩管形部42的组装。
衔铁40可以用棒材机加工或可以是挤压的粉末状金属等任何适当的方法制成。除了较小的尺寸外，粉末状金属衔铁壳体的制造费用低廉且具有有利于的喷射器性能。由于这种滚珠与下缩管形部42的安装方法，改进后的衔铁阀门组件52特别适用于O-形圈与O-形圈之间的间距较短的喷射器。
在本发明的优先实施例中，衔铁40的上部外径作为导向面，而滚珠54的直径由下部的导向件64导向。下部导向件64被卡紧在喷射器中，位于阀门座30和阀体39中的凸肩65之间。下部导向件64有多个悬挂件其中有多个直流道68。
尽管通常不在连接部位，但衔铁40上开有一个或多个直流道66，以连接下缩管形部42的内径与其外径。下缩管形部42中的直流道66可以在任何时候成形，包括在装配工序中成形。下部导向件64上也有直流道68，使燃油流向阀门座，以及当喷射器打开时，从喷咀端22喷出。
这样，描述了用于O-形圈与O-形圈之间的间距减小的燃料喷射器的一种经济而小型喷射器衔铁阀门组件的一个优先实施例。衔铁阀门组件有一个带下缩管形部并在其上装阀门密封件的摸压或铸造的衔铁。阀门密封件是一个用卷边或化学粘接方法卡紧在下缩管形部的滚珠。可在下缩管形部最近的滚珠顶端开一环形槽以简化安装。小型喷射器衔铁阀门组件的导向是滚珠靠着下部导向件64，而衔铁靠着上部导向件或孔眼41上。滚珠可在阀门座中转动以确保关闭阀门。

Claims (4)

1．一种供电磁控制燃料喷射器(10)用的小型喷射器衔铁阀门组件，能缩小喷射器(10)上的O型圈与O型圈之间的间隔，该喷射器具有
一个壳体(12)，内装一电磁线圈组件(14)，有选择地被供以电流，以控制燃料喷射器(10)；
一个进口连接管(20)，伸入电磁线圈组件(14)中，将液体燃油输入壳体(12)内；
一个轴向相对的喷咀出口端(22)，燃油由此自壳体(12)喷出；
一阀门座(30)，配置在位于进口端(20)和出口端(22)之间的壳体内，并由电磁线圈(14)通过弹簧偏压衔铁阀门组件(52)作用来操作，以打开和关闭穿过进口端(20)和出口(22)之间的壳体的流道，其特征在于衔铁阀组件(52)包括：
一管状圆柱形衔铁(40)，其顶端(56)用平底扩孔钻扩孔，能安装回复弹簧(58)的一端，所述衔铁(40)构成衔铁阀组件(52)的上导向件；
一下缩管形部(42)与衔铁(40)成一体，构成一内径，它小于平底孔直径，并与其轴向对中，所述管形部(42)包括至少一条直流道(66)，连接管形部(42)的一端内径和该管部外径；
一滚珠(54)，在其大直径和靠近下缩管部(42)内径的顶端之间有一圆环槽(62)，以使球阀弯压到所述内径上，所述球阀密封阀门座(30)，阻止流体流过其间。
2．按权利要求1所述的小型喷射器衔铁阀门组件，其特征还在一，所述的阀门密封件是一个金属球轴承。
3．按权利要求2所述的小型喷射器衔铁阀门组件，其特征还在于，所述的阀门密封件是一个陶瓷球轴承。
4．按权利要求1、2或3所述的小型喷射器衔铁阀门组件，其特征在于还包括一下部导向件(64)，在其往复运动期间，轴向导向所述滚珠(54)。
CN96199210A 1995-10-30 1996-10-11 小型喷射器衔铁阀门组件 Expired - Fee Related CN1068931C (zh)

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