CN110709508A - 治疗新生性疾病的方法 - Google Patents
治疗新生性疾病的方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
治疗癌症的方法,所述方法包括:提供经修饰的巨噬细胞或单核细胞,其含有编码Hom‑1多肽或其含有Hom‑1同源框域的片段的外源核酸序列,其中所述经修饰的巨噬细胞或单核细胞表达Hom‑1多肽或其片段;并且对患有癌症的受试者施用所述经修饰的巨噬细胞或单核细胞。
Description
对相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求2017年3月28日提交的美国临时申请号62/477,754和2017年6月7日提交的美国临时申请号62/516,401的优先权。两篇在先申请的内容在此通过引用完整并入本文。
发明背景
巨噬细胞是先天免疫和适应性免疫的执行者,并且已经公认是肿瘤及其微环境的关键组分。广泛的研究表明肿瘤相关巨噬细胞(TAM)在几乎所有肿瘤的生长、侵入和转移中的作用。TAM源自循环单核细胞,表现出一大批表型,范围为选择的肿瘤的早期阶段中的M1样表型至大多数晚期肿瘤中的M2样表型。与其在促进肿瘤发生中的作用一致,M2样TAM具有特征性表型,具有IL-10、IL4、MMP、VEGF的升高的表达,但杀肿瘤活性中牵涉的细胞毒性iNO和ROI和促炎性细胞因子的降低的表达。TAM除其在促进肿瘤发生中的内在功能外还通过交替T细胞应答和肿瘤微环境中的平衡来有助于抑制抗肿瘤免疫。TAM的功能可塑性是公认的。已经提出了通过将促肿瘤M2样TAM转化为抗肿瘤M1样表型,TAM可以发挥抗肿瘤疗法的有吸引力的靶标的功能。在过去的几年中,已经探索了多种细胞外在和内在因素在将TAM转化为杀肿瘤细胞中的潜在功能。然而,对细胞内在因素如何控制TAM的可塑性的了解不足限制了靶向TAM在肿瘤治疗中的有效性和潜在应用。
肿瘤特异性和肿瘤相关抗原已经作为癌症免疫疗法的靶标得到广泛研究。靶向这些抗原可以在提高功效的情况下潜在地使脱靶毒性最小化。另一方面,针对这些抗原的抗体经常单独是不太有效的。
发明概述
在一方面,本文中提供了治疗癌症的方法。方法包括提供经修饰的巨噬细胞或单核细胞,其含有编码Hom-1多肽或其包含Hom-1同源框域的片段的外源核酸序列,其中经修饰的巨噬细胞或单核细胞表达Hom-1多肽或其片段;对患有癌症的受试者施用经修饰的巨噬细胞或单核细胞。经修饰的巨噬细胞表现出M1表型。在一些实施方案中,核酸序列是mRNA分子。在一些实施方案中,外源核酸序列可操作连接于异源或内源启动子。方法可以进一步包括对受试者施用免疫调节剂。
在另一方面,本文中描述了治疗癌症的方法,该方法包括使巨噬细胞或单核细胞与一种或多种诱导Hom-1表达的试剂接触,由此巨噬细胞或单核细胞中内源Hom-1的表达水平比接触步骤之前高;并且对患有癌症的受试者施用如此接触的巨噬细胞或单核细胞以及免疫调节剂。
本文中还描述了治疗癌症的方法,该方法包括使巨噬细胞或单核细胞与诱导M1基因表达的试剂或抑制M2基因表达的试剂接触,从而产生表现出M1表型的巨噬细胞;对患有癌症的受试者施用如此产生的巨噬细胞和免疫调节剂。
在任何方法中,免疫调节剂可以选自下组:CAR-T细胞、免疫检查点抑制剂和针对肿瘤特异性抗原、肿瘤相关抗原或新抗原的抗体。在一些实施方案中,新抗原是CK20。
本文中公开的任何方法可以进一步包括,在施用步骤之前在受试者的肿瘤相关巨噬细胞中检测到与对照相比更低水平的Hom-1表达。
在下面的描述中阐述了一个或多个实施方案的细节。根据说明书和权利要求书,实施方案的其他特征、目的和优点将是明显的。
发明详述
出乎意料地发现,与从正常组织分离的巨噬细胞相比,TAM中的Hom-1表达显著降低。进一步发现,也出乎意料的是,增加TAM中Hom-1的表达将它们转化为具有杀肿瘤活性的M1样巨噬细胞。另外,已经显示了表达Hom-1的TAM和针对新抗原的抗体的共施用对于体内抑制肿瘤生长是有效得令人惊讶的。因此,Hom-1调节的TAM可以单独或与免疫调节剂(例如CAR-T细胞、免疫检查点抑制剂或针对肿瘤特异性抗原、肿瘤相关抗原或新抗原(例如大肠癌的CK20、肺癌的ME1和黑素瘤的CDC27)的抗体组合用作新的癌症治疗形式。
人同源框转录因子Hom-1是规范的Wnt信号传导的拮抗剂。本文公开了Hom-1的核酸序列(SEQ ID NO:1)及其编码的氨基酸序列(SEQ ID NO:2)。SEQ ID NO:2内的位置91-151涵盖同源框域。
本文中描述了治疗受试者的癌症的方法,通过对受试者施用表现出抗肿瘤活性的巨噬细胞进行。如本文所用,除非另有规定,术语“表现出抗肿瘤活性的巨噬细胞”、“M1样巨噬细胞”和“表现出M1表型的巨噬细胞”可以互换使用。
可以通过以下方式产生M1样巨噬细胞:(1)增加巨噬细胞或单核细胞中Hom-1的表达;(2)增加巨噬细胞或单核细胞中一个或多个M1基因的表达;和/或(3)抑制巨噬细胞或单核细胞中一个或多个M2基因的表达。
由于显示Hom-1表达对于单核细胞向巨噬细胞的分化既是必要的又是足够的,单核细胞(例如源自受试者外周血的单核细胞)可以用于该方法。换言之,增加单核细胞中Hom-1的表达可以促使它们分化为巨噬细胞。
可以离体诱导巨噬细胞或单核细胞以表达较高水平的内源Hom-1。各种试剂或治疗方法可用于诱导Hom-1表达,例如LPS、霍乱毒素(CTX)、化学治疗剂、放射、细胞因子(例如GM-CSF)、佛波醇12-肉豆蔻酸酯13-乙酸(PMA)和针对Hom-1表达抑制剂的抗体或RNAi。
可以通过对巨噬细胞或单核细胞导入外源mRNA分子(例如合成mRNA分子)来产生表现出M1表型的经修饰的巨噬细胞或单核细胞,所述外源mRNA分子含有编码Hom-1多肽或其包含Hom-1同源框域的片段的序列。因此,巨噬细胞或单核细胞中Hom-1的表达瞬时增加以诱导M1表型。然后,可以对癌症患者施用经修饰的巨噬细胞或单核细胞。mRNA分子可以是化学修饰的mRNA,以促进mRNA的稳定性和/或翻译效率。
已经经遗传修饰以表达升高水平的Hom-1的巨噬细胞或单核细胞也可以用于治疗患有癌症的受试者。例如,经遗传修饰的巨噬细胞或单核细胞可以含有编码Hom-1多肽或其包含Hom-1同源框域的片段的核酸序列。核酸序列与启动子可操作连接,并且经修饰的巨噬细胞或单核细胞表达Hom-1多肽或其片段。此类经修饰的巨噬细胞或经修饰的单核细胞(其将分化为巨噬细胞)表达足够高的Hom-1水平,以表现出抗肿瘤活性和/或M1表型。
也可以通过将额外的Hom-1基因拷贝导入巨噬细胞或单核细胞中来产生经遗传修饰的巨噬细胞或单核细胞。例如,可以将含有与内源Hom-1启动子可操作连接的Hom-1核酸序列(编码Hom-1多肽或其包含Hom-1同源框域的片段)的表达构建体导入巨噬细胞或单核细胞中。
巨噬细胞或单核细胞中内源Hom-1的表达水平也可以通过遗传修饰Hom-1表达的调节元件来提高。例如,可以修饰、缺失或替换Hom-1的一种或多种负转录或翻译调节元件,以增加Hom-1转录物和/或蛋白质水平。利用CRIPR、TALEN或ZFN的基因组编辑技术或本领域已知的其他技术可用于改变Hom-1表达的调节元件。
也可以通过直接肽递送将Hom-1多肽或其包含Hom-1同源框域的片段导入巨噬细胞或单核细胞中。
本领域已知的方法可用于遗传修饰巨噬细胞和单核细胞。例如,可以将用于表达Hom-1的外源表达构建体导入(例如稳定或瞬时转染)巨噬细胞或单核细胞。在一个实施方案中,Hom-1核酸序列与异源(即,非Hom-1启动子)组成性或诱导型启动子可操作连接。在一个实施方案中,Hom-1核酸序列与内源启动子可操作连接。
也可以通过诱导巨噬细胞或单核细胞中的M1基因表达来产生M1样杀肿瘤性巨噬细胞。可以诱导M1基因的试剂包括但不限于LPS、CTX、PMA、GM-SCF、INFγ和化学治疗剂。也可以对巨噬细胞或单核细胞进行遗传修饰,以表达升高的M1基因水平。M1基因包括IL1b、IL6、IL12、IL23、TNFα、iNO、CD40、CD80、CD86、CD68、TLR4、TLR2、IL-1R、MHCII、CCL15、CCL20、CXCL9、CXCL1和SOCS3。
抑制巨噬细胞或单核细胞中M2基因的表达也可以产生M1样杀肿瘤性巨噬细胞。抑制M2基因的试剂包括抗IL4剂(例如抗体或RNAi剂)、抗IL13剂(例如抗体或RNAi剂)、针对M2蛋白的抗体和靶向M2基因的RNAi剂。M2基因包括ARG1、MMP9、CCL18、VEGF、IL10、IL4、TGFb、CD163、CD206、CD68、TLR8、TLR1、MHCII、TGM2、DcoyR、IL-1RII、Ym1/2、MMR/CD206和SR。
异源或自噬巨噬细胞或单核细胞可用于产生M1样巨噬细胞。若使用异源巨噬细胞或单核细胞,则可以进行HLA匹配以避免宿主反应或使宿主反应最小化。也可以使用HLA不匹配的巨噬细胞或单核细胞。可以使用本领域已知的方法从癌症患者获得自体巨噬细胞或单核细胞。
免疫调节剂增强、抑制或调节免疫系统的一种或多种组分。此类调节剂包括CAR-T细胞、免疫检查点抑制剂或针对肿瘤特异性抗原、肿瘤相关抗原或新抗原(例如结肠直肠癌的CK20、肺癌的ME1和黑素瘤的CDC27)的抗体。
可以通过输注或注射(例如,通过静脉内、鞘内、肌内、腔内、气管内、腹膜内、颅内、皮下或另一类组织内途径)、经皮施用或本领域已知的其他途径对受试者施用产生的M1样巨噬细胞和/或免疫调节剂。在一个实例中,可以将巨噬细胞,单核细胞和/或免疫调节剂直接注射到发现肿瘤的部位或组织(例如,肝或胰腺)或其周围区域中。
可以根据治疗癌症的需要经常(例如,每1至30天)且多次(例如1-30次)用M1样巨噬细胞治疗受试者。本文所述的M1样巨噬细胞也可以与其他癌症治疗(例如放射、化学疗法和小分子药物)在联合疗法中使用。
下述数据显示了不依赖于肿瘤类型,Hom-1表达将TAM转化为杀肿瘤性细胞。因此,可以使用本文所述的M1样巨噬细胞来治疗任何癌症,特别是与表达低水平Hom-1的TAM相关的癌症。在如上所述用M1样巨噬细胞治疗受试者之前,测定受试者的TAM中的Hom-1表达水平是否低于对照组(例如,受试者的正常组织中找到的巨噬细胞)中找到的Hom-1表达水平可以是有用的。
可以用M1样巨噬细胞治疗的癌症的例子包括但不限于癌和肉瘤,例如白血病、肉瘤、骨肉瘤、淋巴瘤、黑素瘤、胶质瘤、胶质母细胞瘤、嗜铬细胞瘤、肝癌、卵巢癌、皮肤癌、睾丸癌、胃癌、胰腺癌、肾癌、乳腺癌、前列腺癌、结肠直肠癌、头和颈癌、脑癌、食道癌、膀胱癌、肾上腺皮质癌、肺癌、支气管癌、甲状腺癌、子宫内膜癌、鼻咽癌、宫颈癌、肝癌、转移性癌以及未知原发部位的癌症。
与对照的水平(例如正常组织的巨噬细胞中的相应水平)相比检测到组织区域的微环境中找到的巨噬细胞中更低的Hom-1或M1基因表达水平或更高的M2基因表达水平指示该组织区域是癌症或有变为癌症的风险。因此,本文中也考虑用于鉴定可疑组织区域是否是癌症或者是否有风险变为癌症的方法。
本文中进一步描述了鉴定用于治疗癌症的候选化合物的方法。可以使测试细胞(即巨噬细胞或单核细胞)与测试化合物接触,并且检测测试细胞中的以下各项的表达水平:(i)Hom-1、(ii)与Hom-1启动子可操作连接的报告基因,(iii)M1基因、(iv)与M1启动子可操作连接的报告基因,(v)M2基因或(vi)与M2启动子可操作连接的报告基因。与对照(例如,未与测试化合物接触的测试细胞中的相应水平)相比增加(i)-(iv)中任一项的表达水平和/或降低(v)或(vi)的表达水平的测试化合物是用于治疗癌症的候选化合物。
在一种筛选方法中,将测试化合物添加到含有测试细胞和癌症样品的共培养物。若与对照相比,测试化合物(i)增加测试细胞中Hom-1、与Hom-1启动子可操作连接的报告基因、M1基因、与M1启动子可操作连接的报告基因的表达水平,(ii)抑制测试细胞中Hom-1、与Hom-1启动子可操作连接的报告基因、M1基因或与M1基因可操作连接的报告基因的表达水平的显著降低,或者(iii)降低测试细胞中M2基因或与M2启动子可操作连接的报告基因的表达水平,则它是治疗癌症的候选化合物。
在共培养系统中,也可以测定测试化合物是否对癌症样品具有抑制效果。与对照相比抑制癌症样品(例如,抑制癌细胞的生长,杀死癌细胞或减小癌症样品的大小)的测试化合物是用于治疗癌症的候选化合物。测试细胞和癌症样品可以彼此直接接触。或者,测试细胞和癌症样品不直接接触(例如,使用转孔(transwell)插入物)。癌症样品可以是含有癌细胞的样品,例如,癌组织样品、从癌组织样品分离的癌细胞或癌细胞系的细胞。癌组织样品可以从来自癌症患者的手术解剖标本中获得。此类癌组织样品可以包含TAM。
筛选方法也可以在不存在测试细胞的情况下用癌组织样品进行。癌组织样品可以与测试化合物接触。一段时间后,可以从癌组织样品中分离TAM,并可以测定TAM中Hom-1、M1基因或M2基因的表达水平。或者/另外,可以测定组织样品中Hom-1的表达水平。若与对照相比测试化合物(i)增加Hom-1或M1基因的表达水平,(ii)抑制Hom-1或M1基因的表达水平的显著下降,和/或(iii)降低M2基因的表达水平,则它是治疗癌症的候选化合物。与对照相比,抑制癌组织样品(例如,减小样品的大小)的测试化合物也认为是治疗癌症的候选化合物。
可以使用本领域已知的方法获得待筛选的测试化合物(例如蛋白质、肽、肽模拟物、类肽、抗体、RNAi、小分子或其他药物)。
在本文所述的任何方法中,可以在mRNA水平或蛋白质水平上测定Hom-1、M1基因或M2基因的表达水平。也可以测量启动子活性。测量mRNA水平、蛋白质水平和启动子活性的方法是本领域中公知的。
在任何上述筛选方法中,测试细胞可以是巨噬细胞或单核细胞。巨噬细胞可以是M1巨噬细胞、M2巨噬细胞、肿瘤相关巨噬细胞、组织巨噬细胞或单核细胞衍生的巨噬细胞。测试细胞也可以是单核细胞。
下面的具体实施例应当解释为仅仅是示例性的,而不以任何方式限制本公开的剩余部分。无需进一步阐述,相信本领域的技术人员可以基于本文的描述来最大程度地利用本公开内容。本文引用的所有出版物均通过引用整体并入本文。
实施例
我们鉴定出人同源框蛋白Hom-1在人巨噬细胞的功能性极化中的作用。我们发现了Hom-1促进人巨噬细胞的M1激活,并且是人巨噬细胞的M1激活所需要的,但不是参与M2激活的关键基因的表达所必需的。
使用从癌症中分离出的原代TAM,我们发现了与从正常对照组织中分离出的巨噬细胞相比,TAM中的Hom-1表达显著降低。我们显示了TAM中HAM-1的表达概况与TAM表型相关。此外,Hom-1的异位表达将TAM转化为M1样表型。体外和体内数据均显示了Hom-1赋予TAM以杀肿瘤性活性。我们的研究共同证明了Hom-1将TAM转化为杀肿瘤性细胞。我们显示了表达Hom-1的TAM(表现出M1表型)对多种癌症的生长均施加强烈的抑制效果,表明Hom-1调节的TAM作为治疗癌症的新形式的作用。
Hom-1表达在TAM中是降低的
在晚期肿瘤中,TAM显示出促肿瘤M2样表型。参见Bronte and Murray(2015),NatMed 21,117-119。TAM的可塑性已经得到充分理解,并且多种细胞因子与TAM向M2表型的极化有关。参见Noy and Pollard(2014),Immunity 41,49-61。相比之下,控制TAM极化的转录机制在很大程度上仍然未知。
如下所述,使用从结肠癌切除中丢弃的手术标本从肿瘤组织中分离TAM并从距肿瘤部位15cm的正常粘膜中分离巨噬细胞。如前所述,FACS分析显示了与从正常对照粘膜分离的巨噬细胞相比,TAM表达显著更高水平的与M2表型相关的细胞表面标志物(例如CD68、CD163、CD206)。参见Zhang et al.(2013),Eur J Cancer 49,3320-3334。我们发现了在TAM和对照巨噬细胞中非区别性巨噬细胞标志物CD33的表达没有显著差异。
为了测定Hom-1是否可以在TAM中发挥作用,我们通过qRT-PCR定量了TAM中Hom-1的表达,并且发现与其在对照巨噬细胞中的表达相比,Hom-1的表达在TAM中显著降低。
VentX调节TAM可塑性并使TAM向M1表型极化
先前的研究指示LPS可以诱导TAM以显示出M1表型。参见Zhang等。为了测定Hom-1是否在TAM可塑性中发挥作用,我们检查了暴露于LPS的TAM中Hom-1的表达。我们发现Hom-1表达在用LPS刺激后的TAM中显著升高。与升高的Hom-1表达平行并与先前的发现一致,TAM的LPS刺激导致炎性细胞因子和细胞毒性iNO的分泌增加。
为了测定Hom-1是否在TAM可塑性中发挥调节作用,我们检查了Hom-1敲低对TAM表型的影响。用抗Hom-1吗啉代(MO)处理TAM导致Hom-1表达降低约80%。与Hom-1作为TAM可塑性的关键调节剂的作用一致,我们发现Hom-1MO中止了TAM中LPS诱导的炎性细胞因子和细胞毒性iNO的分泌。CD206是甘露糖受体和M2细胞表面标志物,其在TAM中高度表达。反映TAM的可塑性,将TAM暴露于LPS导致CD68+CD206+群体的显著减少和CD68+CD206-细胞数量增加。Hom-1MO消除了LPS对TAM的这两种效果(p<0.01)。
Hom-1表达水平与TAM表型之间的关联促使我们进一步探索Hom-1控制TAM可塑性的想法。将TAM分离并用编码GPF-Hom-1或对照GFP的质粒转染。与经对照GFP转染的TAM相比,用GFP-Hom-1转染的TAM显示出特征M1形态,具有细长的/成纤维细胞样的细胞形状。FACS分析显示了在用GFP-Hom-1转染的TAM中,M1标志物CD40、CD80和CD86的表面表达显著增加。另外,用GFP-Hom-1转染的TAM中,促炎性细胞因子TNFα、IL-1β和IL-12的分泌显著增加,而M2细胞因子IL-10的分泌显著减少。一致地,基因表达分析显示了用GFP-Hom-1转染的TAM中,M1基因诸如IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α和iNO显著增加,而在用GFP-Hom-1转染的TAM中,M2基因诸如CCL18、MMP9、VEGFA和Arg1显著降低。我们的数据共同表明Hom-1调节TAM可塑性并促进TAM的M1极化。
Hom-1将TAM转化为肿瘤抑制细胞
我们关于Hom-1促进TAM的M1极化的发现促使我们探索经Hom-1修饰的TAM是否可以施加肿瘤抑制。用编码GPF-Hom-1或对照GFP的质粒转染来自结肠癌的新鲜分离的TAM。然后,使用转孔培养系统将经修饰的TAM与同一患者的肿瘤或正常组织共培养。值得注意的是,共培养7-10天后,在与经GFP-Hom-1修饰的TAM温育期间,肿瘤体积显著减少(约70%)(p<0.01),而在与经GFP转染的TAM或仅TAM温育的肿瘤大小没有显著变化。为了测定肿瘤体积的缩小是否与癌细胞的减少有关,我们使用CK20抗体对结肠癌细胞进行了组织切片、H&E染色和免疫组织化学。我们发现CK20阳性肿瘤细胞出现在与TAM或经GFP修饰的TAM一起温育的肿瘤的巢(nest)、索(cord)和片中。然而,CK20阳性肿瘤细胞在与用GFP-Hom-1转染的TAM一起温育期间消失。下述发现证明了经Hom-1修饰的TAM的杀肿瘤效果的特异性:在与用GFP或GFP-Hom-1转染的TAM一起温育期间,经Hom-1修饰的TAM对正常结肠粘膜的体积和形态施加最小程度的影响。
Hom-1在体内促进TAM的杀肿瘤性功能
我们关于Hom-1在体外将TAM转化为杀肿瘤性细胞的发现促使我们探索Hom-1调节的TAM在体内肿瘤发生中的潜在作用。将结肠癌切成约0.5cm的块,并通过手术接种到NSG小鼠腹侧的皮下空间中。一周后,通过小鼠尾静脉注射经MO-Hom-1转染的TAM(Hom-1抑制性)或经GFP-Hom-1转染的TAM(Hom-1表达性)。异种移植8周后,在注射经MO-Hom-1转染的TAM的小鼠中形成肿瘤,但在注射了经GFP-Hom-1转染的TAM的小鼠中未形成肿瘤。
此外,我们在相同小鼠模型中评估了抗CK20抗体与经MO-Hom-1转染的TAM组合的效果。肿瘤形成后对小鼠施用单独或与经MO-Hom-1转染的TAM组合的抗体。仅施用抗体的小鼠中的肿瘤继续生长。另一方面,与仅用抗体治疗的小鼠相比,施用抗体和经MO-Hom-1转染的TAM的小鼠中的肿瘤停止生长或以慢得多的速率生长。
我们还发现TAM或单核细胞可以通过在M1分化培养基中培养它们而诱导以表现出M1表型。可以将这些M1分化的TAM/单核细胞输注入NSG小鼠中,并抑制体内癌症生长。通过抑制这些TAM或单核细胞中Hom-1的表达消除M1分化的TAM对肿瘤生长的影响。
TAM中Hom-1异位表达对各种癌症类型的影响
TAM已经牵涉基本上所有肿瘤的癌发生。在我们对结肠癌细胞中TAM的研究之后,我们将研究扩展到了其他肿瘤类型。
获得了肺癌、黑素瘤、食道癌、胃癌和胰腺癌的手术种类,并分离TAM,如上所述。获得来自同一患者的相应正常组织的巨噬细胞。使用实时RT-PCR对TAM和组织巨噬细胞中Hom-1的表达进行定量。与来自远处正常组织的相应巨噬细胞中的Hom-1表达相比,所有这些肿瘤的TAM中Hom-1表达均较低。
为了测定Hom-1是否可以将这些TAM转化为杀肿瘤性细胞,将GFP或GFP-Hom-1转染到TAM中。转染48小时后,分选出GFP阳性细胞并与单独的肿瘤共培养。与经GFP-Hom-1转染的TAM而非与经对照GFP转染的TAM共培养期间,所有肿瘤的肿瘤体积均减少。我们的结果表明不依赖于肿瘤类型,Hom-1可以将TAM转化为杀肿瘤性细胞。
收集结肠组织样品
从来自病理实验室的患者的手术切除的标本中获得癌组织和正常组织。从每个肿瘤块或距肿瘤块15cm处的正常粘膜收集约5-10克组织。还收集患者血液样品。
上皮内淋巴细胞的制备
在有修改的情况下使用先前描述的技术(Kamada N等,2008;Pignata C等,1990)分离固有层单核细胞(LPMC)。简而言之,将经解剖的新鲜粘膜和肿瘤块在10cm培养皿中用不含Ca2+且不含Mg2+的汉克平衡盐溶液(HBSS)(lifetechnologies)冲洗,该溶液含有2%胎牛血清(FBS)和1mMD二硫苏糖醇(DTT)(Sigma-Aldrich)以除去粘液。用剃须刀刀片将粘膜和肿瘤切成0.5cm碎片,并在具有含有1mM EDTA(Sigma-Aldrich)的5mL HBSS的6孔板中于37℃温育1小时,然后通过灰色网孔(gray-mesh)(100微米)。流过物包含上皮内淋巴细胞和上皮细胞,并通过流式细胞仪进行分析。
从肿瘤块和正常粘膜中分离巨噬细胞
随后,将粘膜和肿瘤在含有2%FBS、1.5mg/mL胶原酶D(Roche)、0.1mg/mL DNA酶I的HBSS(含Ca2+和Mg2+)中于37℃温育1小时。将经消化的组织通过灰色网孔(70微米)滤器。收集流过物,并重悬浮在40%Percoll溶液(Pharmacia)中,然后在60%Percoll上分层,并在不制动的情况下以2000rpm离心30分钟。收集界面处的LPMC。在不消减CD16的情况下使用EasySepTM人单核细胞/巨噬细胞富集试剂盒(StemCell Technologies)根据制造商的用法说明,从LPMC中纯化正常的粘膜巨噬细胞和TAM。通过碘化丙啶(PI)染色,通过这些技术分离的细胞通常是超过98%存活的。肠道巨噬细胞的纯度超过95%。
从外周血制备巨噬细胞
通过Ficoll密度梯度离心分离来自布列根妇女医院(Brigham and Womenhospital)的健康成年供体的外周血单个核细胞(PBMC)。在不消减CD16的情况下使用EasySepTM人单核细胞富集试剂盒根据制造商的用法说明从PBMC中纯化人单核细胞。将纯化的细胞在含10ng/mL M-CSF(PeproTech)的完全RPMI培养基中培养。富集后,将单核细胞在含M-CSF的完全RPMI培养基中培养5天,将细胞用于共培养系统。
FACS分析
使用缀合有荧光染料的抗体对细胞进行免疫标记后,使用流式细胞术对TAM和其他淋巴细胞进行表型分析。使用以下抗体:缀合有PE的抗CD3(OKT3)、CD25(BC96)、CD14(61D3)、CD68(eBio Y182A)、CD163(eBioGH161)、-CD206、缀合有FITC的抗CD4(RPA-T4)、CD33(HIM3-4),缀合有APC的抗CD8(OKT8)、CD4(OKT4)(eBioscience,Inc)。按照制造商提供的方案,用缀合有PE的抗体对Foxp3(236A/E7)、IFN-γ,穿孔蛋白和粒酶B进行胞内染色。平行进行同位素对照标记。按照供应商的建议稀释抗体。用Cell-Quest软件(BDBiosciences)在FACScan流式细胞仪上收集标记的细胞,并通过FlowJo软件进行分析。结果表示为阳性细胞的百分比。
肿瘤和巨噬细胞的器官型共培养
将转孔插入物(孔径为0.4μm,Costar,Corning)放置在12孔聚苯乙烯组织培养板(Becton Dickinson,Franklin Lakes,NJ)中。称重粘膜和肿瘤块,并用加上抗生素的1xPBS缓冲液洗涤,然后切成0.5cm的块。将约50mg组织接种在12孔转孔的上层隔室中,并用0.5mLRPMI 1640完全培养基填充。将5x 105的TAM以50万个细胞/孔的密度添加到下部隔室中,没有直接的细胞-组织接触,并填充2mL PRMI完全培养基。将板在37℃,5%CO2下温育。收集0.5mL培养基用于细胞因子分析,并且每三天添加新鲜培养基。共培养两周后,收集下部隔室巨噬细胞,并通过TRIzol试剂(Ambion)分离总RNA。每周两次用卡尺监测肿瘤和正常粘膜,以根据公式(长度x宽度2)/2计算肿瘤体积。组织的照片由Leica EZ4D立体显微镜上的3百万像素CMOS相机或iPhone上的数码相机拍摄。
免疫组织化学
将肿瘤或正常组织固定在福尔马林(Fisher Scientific Company,Kalamazoo,MI)中。进行CK20染色(Dako,Carpinteria,CA,克隆Ks20.8,1:50)和苏木精/曙红(H&E)染色。CK20染色在Leica Bone III染色平台上使用Epitope Retrieval 2在线进行20分钟,并使用Bone Polymer Refine检测试剂盒进行。用Nikon Eclipse Ti荧光显微术进行显微镜分析。应用NIS Elements成像软件(Nikon)使用彩色相机以40倍的原始放大倍数捕获图像。代表性图像的亮度和对比度在各组之间均等地调整。
Hom-1过表达
通过lipofectamine 2000(Life Technologies)根据制造方案将GFP-Hom-1转染到血液巨噬细胞和TAM中。转染后48小时,通过70um滤器过滤细胞以进行细胞分选。在BakerBio-Protect Hood中通过BD FACSAria II在无菌条件下对GFP阳性细胞进行分选。分选后,将细胞在RPMI 1640完全培养基中培养。Hom-1敲低
使用人单核细胞核转染剂(Nucleofector)试剂盒(Lonza,Walkersville,MD)根据制造商的用法说明用吗啉代(MO)反义寡核苷酸转染结肠TAM或人原代单核细胞。简而言之,将5×106个细胞与2.5nmol的Hom-1MO寡核苷酸或标准对照MO寡核苷酸重悬于100μl核转染剂溶液中,并用核转染剂II装置(Lonza)电穿孔。然后立即从装置中取出细胞,并与1ml预热的含有2mM谷氨酰胺和10%FBS的人单核细胞核转染剂培养液温育过夜。然后将细胞重悬于完全RPMI培养基中,并用适当的细胞因子处理以诱导分化为巨噬细胞。所有的MO寡核苷酸都自Gene Tools(Philomath,OR)订购。
细胞因子测量
使用从eBiosciences获得的ELISA试剂盒,对经大肠杆菌LPS(Sigma-Aldrich)处理的血巨噬细胞或经LPS处理的TAM的上清液中IL-1β、IL-10、TNF-α和IL-12p70的水平进行定量。根据制造商的用法说明进行分析。
定量RT-PCR
用TRIzol试剂分离总RNA,并通过NanoDrop 2000(Thermo Scientific)测量RNA量。使用SuperScript III第一链合成系统(Life Technologies)根据制造商的方案将等量的RNA用于第一链cDNA合成。为了通过常规PCR扩增Hom-1 cDNA,我们按照制造商的用法说明使用AccuPrimeTaq DNA聚合酶系统(Life Technologies)。在2%琼脂糖凝胶上分离PCR产物,并用溴化乙啶染色。GAPDH用作内部对照。我们在LightCycler(480Real-Time PCRSystem;Roche)上用SYBR Green进行了Hom-1和其他基因cDNA的定量测量。然后使用比较Ct方法(ΔΔCt方法)计算mRNA的相对表达概况。
精氨酸酶活性和NO测定法
通过使用QuantiChrom精氨酸酶测定试剂盒(DARG-200;BioAssays Systems)测量尿素的产生来定量细胞裂解物中的精氨酸酶活性。使用Griess试剂盒(Molecular Probes)测定培养上清液中的亚硝酸盐浓度。
统计分析
使用Student检验进行统计分析。
其他实施方式
本说明书中公开的所有特征可以以任何组合进行组合。本说明书中公开的每个特征可以由具有相同、等同或相似目的的替代特征代替。因此,除非另有明确说明,否则所公开的每个特征仅是一系列通用等同或相似特征的例子。
根据以上描述,本领域技术人员可以容易地确定所描述的实施方案的基本特征,并且在不脱离其精神和范围的情况下,可以对实施方案进行各种改变和修改以使其适应于各种用途和条件。因此,其他实施方案也在权利要求书内。
序列表
<110> 朱正仑
<120> 治疗新生性疾病的方法
<130> 218008-0007PCT
<150> US 62/477,754
<151> 2017-03-28
<150> US 62/516,401
<151> 2017-06-07
<160> 2
<170> PatentIn version 3.5
<210> 1
<211> 2428
<212> DNA
<213> 智人
<220>
<221> CDS
<222> (12)..(788)
<400> 1
acctggccgc c atg cgc ctc tcc tcc tcc cca cct cgt ggc ccg cag cag 50
Met Arg Leu Ser Ser Ser Pro Pro Arg Gly Pro Gln Gln
1 5 10
ctc tcc agc ttt ggc tcc gtg gac tgg ctc tcc cag agc agc tgc tca 98
Leu Ser Ser Phe Gly Ser Val Asp Trp Leu Ser Gln Ser Ser Cys Ser
15 20 25
ggg ccg acc cac acc ccc agg cct gcc gac ttc tcc ctg ggg agc ctc 146
Gly Pro Thr His Thr Pro Arg Pro Ala Asp Phe Ser Leu Gly Ser Leu
30 35 40 45
cct ggc cca ggc cag aca tcc ggc gcc cgg gag ccc cct cag gcc gtc 194
Pro Gly Pro Gly Gln Thr Ser Gly Ala Arg Glu Pro Pro Gln Ala Val
50 55 60
agc atc aag gag gcc gcc ggg tcc tca aat ctg cct gcg ccg gag agg 242
Ser Ile Lys Glu Ala Ala Gly Ser Ser Asn Leu Pro Ala Pro Glu Arg
65 70 75
acc atg gcc ggg ttg agt aag gag cca aat acc ttg cgg gcc ccc cgt 290
Thr Met Ala Gly Leu Ser Lys Glu Pro Asn Thr Leu Arg Ala Pro Arg
80 85 90
gtc cgc aca gcc ttc acc atg gag cag gtc cgc acc ttg gag ggc gtc 338
Val Arg Thr Ala Phe Thr Met Glu Gln Val Arg Thr Leu Glu Gly Val
95 100 105
ttc cag cac cac cag tac ctg agc cct ctg gag cgg aag agg ctg gcc 386
Phe Gln His His Gln Tyr Leu Ser Pro Leu Glu Arg Lys Arg Leu Ala
110 115 120 125
agg gag atg cag ctc tca gag gtc cag ata aaa acc tgg ttt cag aat 434
Arg Glu Met Gln Leu Ser Glu Val Gln Ile Lys Thr Trp Phe Gln Asn
130 135 140
cgc cgc atg aaa cac aaa cgg caa atg cag gac ccc cag ctg cac agc 482
Arg Arg Met Lys His Lys Arg Gln Met Gln Asp Pro Gln Leu His Ser
145 150 155
ccc ttc tcg ggg tct ctc cat gcg ccc cca gct ttc tac tca acg tct 530
Pro Phe Ser Gly Ser Leu His Ala Pro Pro Ala Phe Tyr Ser Thr Ser
160 165 170
tct ggc ctt gcc aat ggc ctg cag ctg ctg tgc cct tgg gca ccc ctg 578
Ser Gly Leu Ala Asn Gly Leu Gln Leu Leu Cys Pro Trp Ala Pro Leu
175 180 185
tcc ggg ccc cag gct ctg atg ctg ccc cct ggc tcc ttc tgg ggt ctc 626
Ser Gly Pro Gln Ala Leu Met Leu Pro Pro Gly Ser Phe Trp Gly Leu
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tgc caa gtg gca caa gag gcc ctg gca tct gcg gga gct tcc tgc tgc 674
Cys Gln Val Ala Gln Glu Ala Leu Ala Ser Ala Gly Ala Ser Cys Cys
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ggg cag cct ctg gcg tcc cac ccc cct acc cca ggc cgg cct tcg ctg 722
Gly Gln Pro Leu Ala Ser His Pro Pro Thr Pro Gly Arg Pro Ser Leu
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gga cca gcc ctg tcc acg ggg ccc cgg ggc ctg tgt gct atg cca cag 770
Gly Pro Ala Leu Ser Thr Gly Pro Arg Gly Leu Cys Ala Met Pro Gln
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acg ggg gat gca ttt tga ggaggcacct ctgactccca cactcgcggt 818
Thr Gly Asp Ala Phe
255
cttgctgatc gcacctggct cctacctgga ggactcagtt gttctgttta catcctggtg 878
gcacctctca ccctgaccca cacaaaggtt ctggagatta ctggagaata tatataaata 938
tatatatgta cgtatatatg taaatacaca tatacgtata tataaatata tatatacata 998
tgtgtgtgta tatatatata tatttttttt tttttttttt tttttgagac ggagtgttgc 1058
tctgtcaccc aggctggagt gcaatgacgc aatctcggct cactgcaacc tccgcctcct 1118
gggttcaagc gattctccag cctcagcctc ccgagtagct gggattacag acacccgcca 1178
ccacgcccgg ctaatttttt ctatttttag tagaaatggg gtttcaccat gttagccagg 1238
ctggtctcaa actcctgacc ctgtgatccg cccgcctcgg cctcccaaag tgctgggatt 1298
acaggcatga gccactgcac ccggccctga gaatatattt attaaagcca cctcttcact 1358
gaaagttacc gaaagagtcg gtttaggaag gaaacgaagg gtcagtgaac agagtcaaat 1418
gcagaagtgg gcttgtcatg ggtagggctt tcggcgtacg ataaaaggat catttgtttt 1478
ttaaaagggg ttggaaaaac tggttttcca gttggaaaca gtaaaggttg taagctttgt 1538
gtgtacaaaa gaaaacaggg aatgcaggtg tgtttatagc gttgtggttc aagtccctct 1598
taacaagaac tccaaagctg gaaagcagga gggaacaaag gtgaacatga aggcgaggat 1658
gctggggccc tgcagtgcgc tctaggctgt gcgtgagccg ggactgtacc cacagcttgc 1718
tgagggctgc tcttcttggg ccagggaaag cagggcagcc gggacctgcg gctgtgcctg 1778
gactgaagct gtcccgcagg tccccaccct ccaacacgtg ctcacctgtc cccctcctcg 1838
cagcagcctc gggacaaaac aatgactcaa ggacagcact tctcgcagaa ggtctggaag 1898
tgcccagaat gggaggcacg gaagcccctc ccggggagga ctcccgcgtt gatggaccgt 1958
tcttggtgca gactcctgac tgcgtgcatg aaacctgaga caagtgcaat tccttccatg 2018
tcgccccaga gtgcccagga ggcaggcagt gcggggtgcc caggcagacg ggttcagcct 2078
gcagaactgg aggcgacctg tgaaacccac ccgggcaccc caacaggaac agaagcgtgg 2138
tcctgcggct gcgtccccag cgagtttcac tttccccttg ctcgtttctc ccttgttgta 2198
agtgtttaca actggcatgt gcttttaaac gtcaggtaag aggggaacag ctgctgtaca 2258
tcgtcctggc gagtgacaat gtgacagaag cctgggcgag gccctcggag ggcagcagct 2318
ggacaggggc tactgggttt ggcctggaca gcactgattt gtggatgtgg atgggggcac 2378
gttgtccgtg ataaaagtac aagtgcccct cacaaaaaaa aaaaaaaaaa 2428
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<212> PRT
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Met Arg Leu Ser Ser Ser Pro Pro Arg Gly Pro Gln Gln Leu Ser Ser
1 5 10 15
Phe Gly Ser Val Asp Trp Leu Ser Gln Ser Ser Cys Ser Gly Pro Thr
20 25 30
His Thr Pro Arg Pro Ala Asp Phe Ser Leu Gly Ser Leu Pro Gly Pro
35 40 45
Gly Gln Thr Ser Gly Ala Arg Glu Pro Pro Gln Ala Val Ser Ile Lys
50 55 60
Glu Ala Ala Gly Ser Ser Asn Leu Pro Ala Pro Glu Arg Thr Met Ala
65 70 75 80
Gly Leu Ser Lys Glu Pro Asn Thr Leu Arg Ala Pro Arg Val Arg Thr
85 90 95
Ala Phe Thr Met Glu Gln Val Arg Thr Leu Glu Gly Val Phe Gln His
100 105 110
His Gln Tyr Leu Ser Pro Leu Glu Arg Lys Arg Leu Ala Arg Glu Met
115 120 125
Gln Leu Ser Glu Val Gln Ile Lys Thr Trp Phe Gln Asn Arg Arg Met
130 135 140
Lys His Lys Arg Gln Met Gln Asp Pro Gln Leu His Ser Pro Phe Ser
145 150 155 160
Gly Ser Leu His Ala Pro Pro Ala Phe Tyr Ser Thr Ser Ser Gly Leu
165 170 175
Ala Asn Gly Leu Gln Leu Leu Cys Pro Trp Ala Pro Leu Ser Gly Pro
180 185 190
Gln Ala Leu Met Leu Pro Pro Gly Ser Phe Trp Gly Leu Cys Gln Val
195 200 205
Ala Gln Glu Ala Leu Ala Ser Ala Gly Ala Ser Cys Cys Gly Gln Pro
210 215 220
Leu Ala Ser His Pro Pro Thr Pro Gly Arg Pro Ser Leu Gly Pro Ala
225 230 235 240
Leu Ser Thr Gly Pro Arg Gly Leu Cys Ala Met Pro Gln Thr Gly Asp
245 250 255
Ala Phe
Claims (22)
1.治疗癌症的方法,所述方法包括:
提供经修饰的巨噬细胞或单核细胞,其含有编码Hom-1多肽或其含有Hom-1同源框域的片段的外源核酸序列,其中所述经修饰的巨噬细胞或单核细胞表达所述Hom-1多肽或其片段;并且
对患有癌症的受试者施用所述经修饰的巨噬细胞或单核细胞。
2.权利要求2的方法,其中所述经修饰的巨噬细胞或单核细胞是通过将所述外源核酸导入源自所述受试者或另一位受试者的巨噬细胞或单核细胞中产生的。
3.权利要求1的方法,其中所述外源核酸是mRNA分子。
4.权利要求3的方法,其中所述mRNA分子是经化学修饰的mRNA分子。
5.权利要求1的方法,其中所述经修饰的巨噬细胞表现出M1表型。
6.权利要求1的方法,其中所述外源核酸序列可操作连接于异源或内源启动子。
7.权利要求6的方法,其中所述启动子是组成型启动子。
8.权利要求6的方法,其中所述启动子是诱导型启动子。
9.权利要求1至8中任一项的方法,所述方法进一步包括对所述受试者施用免疫调节剂。
10.权利要求9的方法,其中所述免疫调节剂选自下组:CAR-T细胞、免疫检查点抑制剂和针对肿瘤特异性抗原、肿瘤相关抗原或新抗原(neoantigen)的抗体。
11.权利要求10的方法,其中所述新抗原是CK20。
12.权利要求1-11中任一项的方法,所述方法进一步包括在施用步骤之前在所述受试者的肿瘤相关巨噬细胞中检测到与对照相比更低水平的Hom-1表达。
13.权利要求1的方法,其中所述癌症选自下组:白血病、肉瘤、骨肉瘤、淋巴瘤、黑素瘤、胶质瘤、胶质母细胞瘤、嗜铬细胞瘤、肝癌、卵巢癌、皮肤癌、睾丸癌、胃癌、胰腺癌、肾癌、乳腺癌、前列腺癌、结肠直肠癌、头和颈癌、脑癌、食道癌、膀胱癌、肾上腺皮质癌、肺癌、支气管癌、甲状腺癌、子宫内膜癌、鼻咽癌、宫颈癌、肝癌、转移癌和未知原发部位的癌症。
14.治疗癌症的方法,所述方法包括:
使巨噬细胞或单核细胞与一种或多种诱导Hom-1表达的试剂接触,从而使所述巨噬细胞或单核细胞中内源Hom-1的表达水平比接触步骤之前高;并且
对患有癌症的受试者施用如此接触的巨噬细胞或单核细胞以及免疫调节剂。
15.权利要求14的方法,其中所述免疫调节剂选自下组:CAR-T细胞、免疫检查点抑制剂和针对肿瘤特异性抗原、肿瘤相关抗原或新抗原的抗体。
16.权利要求15的方法,其中所述新抗原是CK20。
17.权利要求14的方法,其中所述巨噬细胞或单核细胞对于所述受试者是自体的或异源的。
18.权利要求14的方法,其中将所述接触步骤和所述施用步骤重复至少一次。
19.治疗癌症的方法,所述方法包括:
使巨噬细胞或单核细胞与诱导M1基因表达的试剂或抑制M2基因表达的试剂接触,从而产生表现出M1表型的巨噬细胞;并且
对患有癌症的受试者施用如此产生的巨噬细胞和免疫调节剂。
20.权利要求19的方法,其中所述巨噬细胞或单核细胞对于所述受试者是自体的或异源的。
21.权利要求19的方法,其中所述免疫调节剂选自下组:CAR-T细胞、免疫检查点抑制剂和针对肿瘤特异性抗原、肿瘤相关抗原或新抗原的抗体。
22.权利要求20的方法,其中所述新抗原是CK20。
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PCT/US2018/024764 WO2018183447A1 (en) | 2017-03-28 | 2018-03-28 | Methods of treating neoplastic diseases |
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CN101663315A (zh) * | 2007-02-21 | 2010-03-03 | 肿瘤疗法科学股份有限公司 | 用于表达肿瘤相关抗原的癌症的肽疫苗 |
US20120083553A1 (en) * | 2009-06-03 | 2012-04-05 | Win-Tech Polymer Ltd. | Molded Articles For Electric Vehicle Parts |
US20150297679A1 (en) * | 2012-12-14 | 2015-10-22 | The Brigham And Women's Hospital, Inc. | Methods and assays relating to macrophage differentiation |
WO2017044487A1 (en) * | 2015-09-09 | 2017-03-16 | Seattle Children's Hospital (dba Seattle Children's Research Institute) | Genetic engineering of macrophages for immunotherapy |
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US8741865B2 (en) | 2009-07-15 | 2014-06-03 | Zhenglun Zhu | Treatment of immune disorders with Hom-1 inhibitors |
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CN101663315A (zh) * | 2007-02-21 | 2010-03-03 | 肿瘤疗法科学股份有限公司 | 用于表达肿瘤相关抗原的癌症的肽疫苗 |
US20120083553A1 (en) * | 2009-06-03 | 2012-04-05 | Win-Tech Polymer Ltd. | Molded Articles For Electric Vehicle Parts |
US20150297679A1 (en) * | 2012-12-14 | 2015-10-22 | The Brigham And Women's Hospital, Inc. | Methods and assays relating to macrophage differentiation |
WO2017044487A1 (en) * | 2015-09-09 | 2017-03-16 | Seattle Children's Hospital (dba Seattle Children's Research Institute) | Genetic engineering of macrophages for immunotherapy |
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WO2018183447A1 (en) | 2018-10-04 |
JP2020512402A (ja) | 2020-04-23 |
JP2023082128A (ja) | 2023-06-13 |
US20200023006A1 (en) | 2020-01-23 |
EP3601539A4 (en) | 2021-01-13 |
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