CN110707165A - 一种碲化镉薄膜电池 - Google Patents
一种碲化镉薄膜电池 Download PDFInfo
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- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- MARUHZGHZWCEQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-phenyl-2h-tetrazole Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C1=NNN=N1 MARUHZGHZWCEQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 35
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- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 19
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- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910004613 CdTe Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
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- VXUYXOFXAQZZMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium(IV) isopropoxide Chemical compound CC(C)O[Ti](OC(C)C)(OC(C)C)OC(C)C VXUYXOFXAQZZMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
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- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明实施例公开一种碲化镉薄膜电池,由下到上依次包括衬底层、TiO2阵列层、窗口层、吸收层、背接触层和金属背电极层;这样,在所述衬底层上依次设置所述TiO2阵列层、所述窗口层、所述吸收层和所述背接触层和所述金属背电极层,这里,TiO2作为一种优良的半导体材料,具有优越的光电性能,且具备很好的载流子传输速率;并且所述TiO2阵列层对于加速载流子的传递具有很大帮助,为载流子传输提供了快速通道,实现其快速传递,减少复合,延长载流子寿命,将所述TiO2阵列层结构用到碲化镉薄膜电池中,利用能级差异间形成的能级势垒,与窗口层形成多级跃迁结构,提高电池中载流子的传递效率,达到提升电池性能的目标。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种碲化镉薄膜太阳能电池技术领域,尤其涉及一种碲化镉薄膜电池。
背景技术
化合薄膜太阳能电池作为第二代太阳能电池,具有成本低,易大规模生产,物化性能稳定,转换效率高等优势。其中CdTe薄膜太阳能电池作为薄膜电池的代表,在经过多年的发展,目前转换效率已超过20%。CdTe薄膜电池主要由四部分组成:TCO玻璃衬底,CdS层,CdTe层以及金属背电极。该结构简单,制备工艺也较为成熟,为目前市面主要的电池结构。但目前,此CdTe薄膜电池的结构存在较大的弊端:光生载流子传递速度慢,导致内部载流子复合严重,载流子利用率低,限制了电池的性能。
发明内容
为解决以上技术问题,本发明实施例提供一种碲化镉薄膜电池,可以通过优化结构,改善碲化镉薄膜电池上膜层间的接触,降低层间缺陷,以达到提升载流子的传输速度及利用率,进而实现效率的提升。
为达上述目的,本发明实施例的技术方案是这样实现的:
本发明实施例提供一种碲化镉薄膜电池,由下到上依次包括衬底层、窗口层、吸收层和金属背电极层,所述衬底层与所述窗口层之间设置TiO2阵列层,所述吸收层和所述金属背电极层之间设置背接触层。
在本发明实施例中,所述衬底层的材料为FTO导电玻璃或ITO导电玻璃。
在本发明实施例中,所述阵列层为TiO2阵列层,所述阵列层的厚度为80~200nm,所述TiO2阵列层的制备方法包括采用匀胶法制备TiO2种子层和采用水热法制备TiO2阵列层。
在本发明实施例中,所述采用匀胶法制备TiO2种子层的方法包括:
前驱液的配置:
将2~4mL异丙醇钛加入到20~30mL无水乙醇中,搅拌5~10min后,得到溶液A;
取浓度为2~4mol/L,体积为0.2~0.5mL盐酸溶液加入到20~3mL无水乙醇中,搅拌5~10分钟,得到溶液B;
将所述溶液A与所述溶液B混合,搅拌60~150min,得到前驱液,将所述前驱液在室温内陈化24h后,放置在3~10℃的低温下存储备用;
种子层的制备:
将所述前驱液通过旋涂机旋涂在所述衬底层上,得到样品;
将所述样品进行干燥处理;
将干燥处理后的所述样品进行加热处理,其中,加热的温度450~600℃,加热的时间15~60min;
最后将加热处理后的样品进行自然冷却,得到TiO2种子层样品。
在本发明实施例中,所述采用水热法制备TiO2阵列层的方法为:
制备钛酸丁酯反应液;
将所述反应液加入到反应釜中;
将制备了所述TiO2种子层样品放入所述反应釜中,且所述TiO2种子层样品上的衬底层与反应釜成45~70°的夹角;
对所述反应釜进行第一加热处理,其中,所述第一次加热处理的温度为120~220℃,所述第一次加热处理的时间为12~24h;
当反应釜自然冷却后,取出所述TiO2种子层样品冲洗并烘干,对所述TiO2种子层样品进行第二次加热处理,其中,所述第二次加热处理的温度500~600℃,所述第二次加热处理的时间20~60min,冷却后,得到所述TiO2阵列层。
在本发明实施例中,所述窗口层为CdS窗口层,所述吸收层为CdTe吸收层,所述窗口层和所述吸收层均采用气相传输沉积法进行制备;
其中,所述窗口层的厚度为50~200nm,所述吸收层的厚度为2.5~4μm。
在本发明实施例中,采用浓度为0.2~0.35mol/L的CdCl2甲醇溶液对所述窗口层和所述吸收层进行表面浸泡处理;
然后对所述窗口层和所述吸收层进行退火处理,其中,退火的温度为420~580℃;
最后对所述窗口层和所述吸收层进行清洗。
在本发明实施例中,所述背接触层为Cu背接触层,所述背接触层采用磁控溅射法制备,所述背接触层的厚度为80~150nm。
在本发明实施例中,所述金属背电极层为Mo背电极层,所述金属背电极层采用磁控溅射法制备,所述金属背电极层的厚度为250~450nm。
本发明实施例提供了一种碲化镉薄膜电池,由下到上依次包括衬底层、窗口层、吸收层和金属背电极层,所述衬底层与所述窗口层之间设置TiO2阵列层,所述吸收层和所述金属背电极层之间设置背接触层;这样,在所述衬底层上依次设置所述TiO2阵列层、所述窗口层、所述吸收层和所述背接触层和所述金属背电极层,这里,所述TiO2阵列层中的TiO2作为一种优良的半导体材料,具有优越的光电性能,且具备很好的载流子传输速率;并且所述TiO2阵列层对于加速载流子的传递具有很大帮助,为载流子传输提供了快速通道,实现其快速传递,减少复合,延长载流子寿命,将所述TiO2阵列层结构用到碲化镉薄膜电池中,利用能级差异间形成的能级势垒,与窗口层形成多级跃迁结构,亦可提高电池中载流子的传递效率,达到提升电池性能的目标。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例提供的一种碲化镉薄膜电池的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述。
本发明实施例提供一种碲化镉薄膜电池,如图1所示,由下到上依次包括衬底层1、窗口层3、吸收层4和金属背电极层6,所述衬底层1与所述窗口层3之间设置TiO2阵列层2,所述吸收层4和所述金属背电极层6之间设置背接触层5。
这里,如图1所示,所述碲化镉薄膜电池由下到上依次包括衬底层1、窗口层3、TiO2阵列层2、吸收层4、背接触层5和金属背电极层6。
所述衬底层1一般为FTO导电玻璃或ITO导电玻璃,在实际使用时,所述衬底层1的尺寸一般选用为15mm×15mm衬底玻璃,并采用超声波清洗、滚刷或喷淋的方式进行清洗,去除玻璃表面的油渍、污垢和粉尘等异物,清洗干净后将玻璃烘干备用。
然后在所述衬底层1上设置所述TiO2阵列层2,其中,所述TiO2阵列层2的制备方法包括采用匀胶法制备TiO2种子层和采用水热法制备TiO2阵列层2。
进一步地,所述阵列层的厚度为80~200nm,这里,因为载流子有寿命,在一定时间内传输路径是有限的;厚度过薄,达不到载流子分离的目的,厚度过厚,载流子传输过程中极有可能复合消失。
进一步地,所述采用匀胶法制备TiO2种子层的方法为:
前驱液的配置:
将2~4mL异丙醇钛加入到20~30mL无水乙醇中,搅拌5~10min后,得到溶液A;取浓度为2~4mol/L,体积为0.2~0.5mL盐酸溶液加入到20~3mL无水乙醇中,搅拌5~10分钟,得到溶液B;将所述溶液A与所述溶液B混合,搅拌60~150min,得到前驱液,将所述前驱液在室温内陈化24h后,放置在3~10℃的低温下存储备用。
种子层的制备:
将所述前驱液通过旋涂机旋涂在所述衬底层1上,得到样品,其中,旋涂的时间为15~60s,旋涂的速度控制为3级不等转速;将所述样品进行干燥处理;将干燥处理后的所述样品进行加热处理,其中,加热的温度450~600℃,加热的时间15~60min;最后将加热处理后的样品进行自然冷却,得到TiO2种子层样品。
这里,将所述前驱液置于小烧杯中备用,再通过旋涂机旋涂在所述衬底层1上的具体方法为:将洗净的导电玻璃(即所述陈底层)放置于旋涂机(或匀胶机上),且导电面向上;将前驱液滴到玻璃(即所述陈底层)表面,要求前驱液均匀平铺在玻璃(即所述陈底层)表面,开启设备,时间15-60s,速度控制为3级不等转速,其中,速度控制为3级不等转速具体为:1000r/min慢速,2000r/min中速和3000r/min快速。将旋涂完成的样品在烘箱中干燥;所述样本通过马弗炉进行加热处理。
所述采用水热法制备TiO2阵列层2的方法为:
制备钛酸丁酯反应液,具体地,按1~3:1~3的体积比制备盐酸水溶液,然后加入钛源,室温下搅拌10~30min,得到钛酸丁酯反应液,更具体地,所述钛酸丁酯反应液中的水:盐酸:钛酸丁酯的体积比为:10~30:10~30:1~4;
将所述反应液加入到反应釜中,其中,所述反应液的体积小于所述反应釜内体积的2/3;
将制备了所述TiO2种子层样品放入所述反应釜中,且所述TiO2种子层样品上的衬底层1与反应釜成45~70°的夹角;
对所述反应釜进行第一加热处理,其中,所述第一次加热处理的温度为120~220℃,所述第一次加热处理的时间为12~24h;
当反应釜自然冷却后,取出所述TiO2种子层样品冲洗并烘干,对所述TiO2种子层样品进行第二次加热处理,其中,所述第二次加热处理的温度500~600℃,所述第二次加热处理的时间20~60min,冷却后,得到所述TiO2阵列层2。
这里,所述室温一般为25℃,所述反应釜为聚四氟乙烯反应釜,而将将制备了所述TiO2种子层样品放入所述反应釜中具体为将制备了种子层的导电玻璃放入反应釜中;放入时导电玻璃与反应釜成一定夹角(45~70°),且种子层膜面向上放置。
在对所述反应釜进行第一加热处理具体为将聚四氟乙烯反应釜放入不锈钢外壳并紧固后,放入烘箱中,120~220℃,时间12~24h。
在进行所述第二次加热处理具体为将所述TiO2种子层样品放置在马弗炉中处理,温度500-600℃,时间20-60min,随炉冷却后完成所述TiO2阵列层2的制备。
所述TiO2阵列层2的厚度为80-200nm。
进一步地,在所述TiO2阵列层2上依次设置所述CdS窗口层和所述CdTe吸收层。
这里,所述CdS窗口层和所述CdTe吸收层均可以采用气相传输沉积(VTD)法进行制备,也可以采用进空间升华,物理气相沉积等方法进行制备。
在制备过程中,以N2或者Ar作为输运气体,通过控制气体流量,腔室温度及压力以制备出厚度均匀,性能优越的CdS薄膜和CdTe薄膜,其中,CdS薄膜(即所述窗口层3)的厚度为50~200nm,CdTe薄膜(即所述吸收层4)的厚度为2.5~4μm。
再采用浓度为0.2~0.35mol/L的CdCl2甲醇溶液对CdS薄膜和CdTe薄膜进行表面浸泡处理,确保CdS薄膜和CdTe薄膜表面均负载CdCl2;接着在温度420~580℃条件下进行退火,从而提高窗口层3与吸收层4薄膜的均匀性与再结晶性。CdS薄膜和CdTe薄膜冷却完成后,分别对CdS薄膜和CdTe薄膜进行清洗,除去FTO背面及边界处的残留物。
进一步地,在本发明实施例中,所述背接触层5为Cu背接触层,所述背接触层5采用磁控溅射法制备,所述背接触层5的厚度为80~150nm。
进一步地,在本发明实施例中,所述金属背电极层6为Mo背电极层,所述金属背电极层6采用磁控溅射法制备,所述金属背电极层6的厚度为250~450nm。
以上仅是本发明的优选实施方式,应当指出的是,上述优选实施方式不应视为对本发明的限制,本发明的保护范围应当以权利要求所限定的范围为准。对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明的精神和范围内,还可以做出若干改进和润饰,这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。
Claims (9)
1.一种碲化镉薄膜电池,由下到上依次包括衬底层(1)、窗口层(3)、吸收层(4)和金属背电极层(6),其特征在于,所述衬底层(1)与所述窗口层(3)之间设置TiO2阵列层(2),所述吸收层(4)和所述金属背电极层(6)之间设置背接触层(5)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种碲化镉薄膜电池,其特征在于,所述衬底层(1)的材料为FTO导电玻璃或ITO导电玻璃。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种碲化镉薄膜电池,其特征在于,所述TiO2阵列层的厚度为80~200nm,所述TiO2阵列层(2)的制备方法包括采用匀胶法制备TiO2种子层和采用水热法制备TiO2阵列层(2)。
4.根据权利要求3所述的一种碲化镉薄膜电池,其特征在于,所述采用匀胶法制备TiO2种子层的方法包括:
前驱液的配置:
将2~4mL异丙醇钛加入到20~30mL无水乙醇中,搅拌5~10min后,得到溶液A;
取浓度为2~4mol/L,体积为0.2~0.5mL盐酸溶液加入到20~3mL无水乙醇中,搅拌5~10分钟,得到溶液B;
将所述溶液A与所述溶液B混合,搅拌60~150min,得到前驱液,将所述前驱液在室温内陈化24h后,放置在3~10℃的低温下存储备用;
种子层的制备:
将所述前驱液通过旋涂机旋涂在所述衬底层(1)上,得到样品;
将所述样品进行干燥处理;
将干燥处理后的所述样品进行加热处理,其中,加热的温度450~600℃,加热的时间15~60min;
最后将加热处理后的样品进行自然冷却,得到TiO2种子层样品。
5.根据权利要求3所述的一种碲化镉薄膜电池,其特征在于,所述采用水热法制备TiO2阵列层(2)的方法为:
制备钛酸丁酯反应液;
将所述反应液加入到反应釜中;
将制备了所述TiO2种子层样品放入所述反应釜中,;
对所述反应釜进行第一加热处理,其中,所述第一次加热处理的温度为120~220℃,所述第一次加热处理的时间为12~24h;
当反应釜自然冷却后,取出所述TiO2种子层样品冲洗并烘干,对所述TiO2种子层样品进行第二次加热处理,其中,所述第二次加热处理的温度500~600℃,所述第二次加热处理的时间20~60min,冷却后,得到所述TiO2阵列层(2)。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种碲化镉薄膜电池,其特征在于,所述窗口层(3)为CdS窗口层,所述吸收层(4)为CdTe吸收层,所述窗口层(3)和所述吸收层(4)均采用气相传输沉积法进行制备;
其中,所述窗口层(3)的厚度为50~200nm,所述吸收层(4)的厚度为2.5~4μm。
7.根据权利要求6所述的一种碲化镉薄膜电池,其特征在于,采用浓度为0.2~0.35mol/L的CdCl2甲醇溶液对所述窗口层(3)和所述吸收层(4)进行表面浸泡处理;
然后对所述窗口层(3)和所述吸收层(4)进行退火处理,其中,退火的温度为420~580℃;
最后对所述窗口层(3)和所述吸收层(4)进行清洗。
8.根据权利要求1所述的一种碲化镉薄膜电池,其特征在于,所述背接触层(5)为Cu背接触层,所述背接触层(5)采用磁控溅射法制备,所述背接触层(5)的厚度为80~150nm。
9.根据权利要求1所述的一种碲化镉薄膜电池,其特征在于,所述金属背电极层(6)为Mo背电极层,所述金属背电极层(6)采用磁控溅射法制备,所述金属背电极层(6)的厚度为250~450nm。
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