CN110699952B - 一种制备电磁屏蔽布的方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种制备电磁屏蔽布的方法，本发明涉及一种采用喷镀在聚酯纤维布表面获得具有优异电磁屏蔽效果的组合镀层的方法。本发明是要解决目前电磁屏蔽布生产速度慢、电磁屏蔽效果差的问题。一种制备电磁屏蔽布的方法：(1)活化液的配制；(2)喷镀液的配制；(3)聚酯纤维布的活化；(4)喷镀电磁屏蔽层；(5)化学钝化，在聚酯纤维布表面获得具有优异电磁屏蔽效果的组合镀层。一种制备电磁屏蔽布的方法可以有效提高电磁屏蔽布的生产效率并提升电磁屏蔽的效果。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于电磁屏蔽材料制备领域，涉及一种在聚酯纤维布表面采用喷镀获得组合电磁屏蔽层的方法，快速使聚酯纤维布具有优异的电磁屏蔽性能。
背景技术
电子工业的高速发展以及各类电子设备的急剧增加不仅带给人类生活水平的提高，同样也导致了越来越严重的电磁辐射污染。目前，电磁辐射污染已成为与大气污染、水质污染和噪音污染并行的四大污染源，并且呈现日益严重的趋势。电磁辐射污染已引起全世界的高度重视，发达国家对于电子设备的辐射强度有严格的规定，从而缓解迅速加剧的电磁辐射污染。电磁辐射不仅会影响人类健康，而且会泄露计算机等仪器的信息从而引发信息安全的崩溃，对于其它电子设备的稳定性同样会造成巨大的威胁。
目前，电子设备一般均采用非金属外壳，而电磁波则可以自由的穿过非金属。为了遏制日益严重的电磁辐射污染并减少外界电磁波对电子设备的影响，需要对电子设备采取电磁屏蔽措施，通常是在电子设备外部包裹电磁屏蔽材料。进行有效电磁屏蔽之后，电子设备的电磁辐射不仅对外界的影响将会急剧降低，从而大大降低了电磁辐射污染，而且电子设备对于其它电磁辐射的抗干扰能力也将大大提高。
通常来讲，金属材料可以起到有效电磁屏蔽的作用。因此目前很多电磁屏蔽的方式都是在聚酯纤维布表面镀覆金属使其表面金属化得到电磁屏蔽布，然后包裹在电子设备外部，起到电磁屏蔽的效果。而不同种类的金属，其屏蔽电磁波的类型也不相同。比如导电能力优异的银、铜等金属可以屏蔽高频电磁波，而具有磁性的镍、铁和钴等金属则可以屏蔽低频电磁波。所以，为了能够更好的屏蔽电磁波，采用复合电磁屏蔽材料效果更佳理想，也就是在聚酯纤维布镀覆高导电性的镀层和高导磁性的组合镀层，从而可以对高频和低频的电磁波同时进行屏蔽。因此，如果能够开发出快速在聚酯纤维布快速生成高导电性和高导磁性组合镀层的方法，对于电磁屏蔽布生产效率及电磁屏蔽效果的提高皆具有重大意义。
发明内容
本发明是要解决目前电磁屏蔽布生产速度慢、电磁屏蔽效果差的问题，而提供一种采用喷镀在聚酯纤维布表面获得具有优异电磁屏蔽效果的组合镀层的方法。
本发明的一种制备电磁屏蔽布的方法按以下步骤进行：
(1) 活化液的配制：a. 将浓度为0.05~0.8 g/L的非离子型表面活性剂、浓度为0.2~1.5 g/L的阴离子型聚丙烯酰胺和浓度为0.005~0.1 g/L的硫酸钯依次溶于去离子水中，搅拌1~5小时后陈化24小时以上，配得活化液；
(2) 喷镀液的配制：b. 将浓度为0.8~15.0 g/L的复合络合剂1和浓度为0.2~3.8g/L的硫酸镍依次溶于去离子水中，用氢氧化钠和氨水调整pH至10.0~13.5后陈化24小时，配得喷镀液A1；c. 将浓度为0.5~3.8 mL/L的水合肼、浓度为0.01~0.8 g/L的氟化钠和浓度为0.05~0.5 g/L的非离子型表面活性剂依次溶于去离子水中，用氢氧化钠调整pH值至11.0~14.0，配得喷镀液A2；d. 将浓度为0.5~3.5 g/L的复合络合剂2、浓度为0.08~0.8 g/L的硝酸银和浓度为0.3~3.0 g/L的硝酸铜依次溶于去离子水中，用氢氧化钠调整pH至11.0~14.0后陈化24小时，配得喷镀液B1；e. 将浓度为1~3 mL/L的乙醇、浓度为0.5~5.0 mL/L的乙醛酸和浓度为0.02~0.3 g/L的非离子型表面活性剂依次溶于去离子水中，配得喷镀液B2；
(3) 聚酯纤维布的活化：f. 用双头喷枪将步骤(1)配制的活化液与无水乙醇均匀等量喷在洁净的聚酯纤维布表面，自然干燥后喷淋步骤(1)配制的活化液，然后用去离子水将残余的活化液清洗干净，获得表面活化的聚酯纤维布；
(4) 喷镀电磁屏蔽层：g. 将步骤(2)配制的喷镀液A1和喷镀液A2分别升温至40~65℃，用双头喷枪同时等量喷在经过步骤(3)处理之后的聚酯纤维布表面，喷镀时间为1~20分钟，喷镀后采用去离子水将残余喷镀液清洗干净，完成喷镀镍；h. 将步骤(2)配制的喷镀液B1和喷镀液B2在室温下用双头喷枪同时等量喷在经过步骤g处理之后的聚酯纤维布表面，喷镀时间为0.5~10分钟，然后采用去离子水将残余喷镀液清洗干净，完成喷镀银铜合金；
(5) 化学钝化：i. 用喷枪将含有0.01~2.0 g/L钝化剂的钝化液喷在经过步骤(4)处理之后的聚酯纤维布表面，然后采用去离子水将残余钝化液清洗干净，冷风吹干后完成聚酯纤维布表面电磁屏蔽层的制备。
步骤a、步骤c和步骤e中所述的非离子型表面活性剂为OP-10、平平加或PPE中的一种；步骤a中所述的阴离子型聚丙烯酰胺的分子量为300万~1000万；步骤b中所述的复合络合剂1为氨水、乙二胺、苹果酸、柠檬酸钠、乳酸、干贝素或葡萄糖酸钠中任意三种的组合；步骤d中所述的复合络合剂2为柠檬酸钠、葡萄糖酸钠、焦磷酸钾或苹果酸钠中两种的组合；步骤i中所述的钝化剂为2-巯基-1-甲基咪唑、3-巯基苯甲酸、苯骈三氮唑、2-巯基苯并噻唑、正十二硫醇、2-巯基苯并咪唑中任意两种的组合。
本发明的一种制备电磁屏蔽布的方法，通过在活化液中加入具有吸附性的阴离子型聚丙烯酰胺，使阴离子型聚丙烯酰胺-钯离子在活化过程中均匀吸附在聚酯纤维布表面，从而使聚酯纤维布表面变为催化表面，可以引发化学镀。在经过活化之后的聚酯纤维布表面首先喷洒A1、A2，即喷镀镍，通过调节镀液pH为强碱性，可以在低温下引发化学镀镍，从而获得具有良好磁性的电磁屏蔽层。继而喷洒B1、B2，即喷镀银铜合金，镍层首先置换喷镀液B1中的银离子，从而引发化学镀的进行，获得具有良好导电性的电磁屏蔽层。银铜合金经过化学钝化之后，稳定性得到了明显提升。本发明在聚酯纤维布表面喷镀获得的镍层/银铜合金层组合电磁屏蔽层可以屏蔽高频和低频的电磁波，具有优良的电磁屏蔽效果，且喷镀速度非常快，极大的提高了生产效率。
附图说明
图1为试验一在聚酯纤维布表面喷镀得到的组合电磁屏蔽层在10KHz~20GHz范围内的屏蔽效能。
具体实施方式
具体实施方式一：本实施方式的一种制备电磁屏蔽布的方法按以下步骤进行：
(1) 活化液的配制：a. 将浓度为0.05~0.8 g/L的非离子型表面活性剂、浓度为0.2~1.5 g/L的阴离子型聚丙烯酰胺和浓度为0.005~0.1 g/L的硫酸钯依次溶于去离子水中，搅拌1~5小时后陈化24小时以上，配得活化液；
(2) 喷镀液的配制：b. 将浓度为0.8~15.0 g/L的复合络合剂1和浓度为0.2~3.8g/L的硫酸镍依次溶于去离子水中，用氢氧化钠和氨水调整pH至10.0~13.5后陈化24小时，配得喷镀液A1；c. 将浓度为0.5~3.8 mL/L的水合肼、浓度为0.01~0.8 g/L的氟化钠和浓度为0.05~0.5 g/L的非离子型表面活性剂依次溶于去离子水中，用氢氧化钠调整pH值至11.0~14.0，配得喷镀液A2；d. 将浓度为0.5~3.5 g/L的复合络合剂2、浓度为0.08~0.8 g/L的硝酸银和浓度为0.3~3.0 g/L的硝酸铜依次溶于去离子水中，用氢氧化钠调整pH至11.0~14.0后陈化24小时，配得喷镀液B1；e. 将浓度为1~3 mL/L的乙醇、浓度为0.5~5.0 mL/L的乙醛酸和浓度为0.02~0.3 g/L的非离子型表面活性剂依次溶于去离子水中，配得喷镀液B2；
(3) 聚酯纤维布的活化：f. 用双头喷枪将步骤(1)配制的活化液与无水乙醇均匀等量喷在洁净的聚酯纤维布表面，自然干燥后喷淋步骤(1)配制的活化液，然后用去离子水将残余的活化液清洗干净，获得表面活化的聚酯纤维布；
(4) 喷镀电磁屏蔽层：g. 将步骤(2)配制的喷镀液A1和喷镀液A2分别升温至40~65℃，用双头喷枪同时等量喷在经过步骤(3)处理之后的聚酯纤维布表面，喷镀时间为1~20分钟，喷镀后采用去离子水将残余喷镀液清洗干净，完成喷镀镍；h. 将步骤(2)配制的喷镀液B1和喷镀液B2在室温下用双头喷枪同时等量喷在经过步骤g处理之后的聚酯纤维布表面，喷镀时间为0.5~10分钟，然后采用去离子水将残余喷镀液清洗干净，完成喷镀银铜合金；
(5) 化学钝化：i. 用喷枪将含有0.01~2.0 g/L钝化剂的钝化液喷在经过步骤(4)处理之后的聚酯纤维布表面，然后采用去离子水将残余钝化液清洗干净，冷风吹干后完成聚酯纤维布表面电磁屏蔽层的制备。
本实施方式的一种制备电磁屏蔽布的方法，通过在活化液中加入具有吸附性的阴离子型聚丙烯酰胺，使阴离子型聚丙烯酰胺-钯离子在活化过程中均匀吸附在聚酯纤维布表面，从而使聚酯纤维布表面变为催化表面，可以引发化学镀。在经过活化之后的聚酯纤维布表面首先喷洒A1、A2，即喷镀镍，通过调节镀液pH为强碱性，可以在低温下引发化学镀镍，从而获得具有良好磁性的电磁屏蔽层。继而喷洒B1、B2，即喷镀银铜合金，镍层首先置换喷镀液B1中的银离子，从而引发化学镀的进行，获得具有良好导电性的电磁屏蔽层。银铜合金经过化学钝化之后，稳定性得到了明显提升。本实施方式在聚酯纤维布表面喷镀获得的镍层/银铜合金层组合电磁屏蔽层可以屏蔽高频和低频的电磁波，具有优良的电磁屏蔽效果，且喷镀速度非常快，极大的提高了生产效率。
具体实施方式二：本实施方式与具体实施方式一不同的是步骤a、步骤c和步骤e中所述的非离子型表面活性剂为OP-10、平平加或PPE中的一种。其它与具体实施方式一相同。
具体实施方式三：本实施方式与具体实施方式一或二不同的是步骤a中所述的阴离子型聚丙烯酰胺的分子量为300万~1000万。其它与具体实施方式一或二相同。
具体实施方式四：本实施方式与具体实施方式一至三之一不同的是步骤b中所述的复合络合剂1为氨水、乙二胺、苹果酸、柠檬酸钠、乳酸、干贝素或葡萄糖酸钠中任意三种的组合。其它与具体实施方式一至三之一相同。
具体实施方式五：本实施方式与具体实施方式一至四之一不同的是步骤d中所述的复合络合剂2为柠檬酸钠、葡萄糖酸钠、焦磷酸钾或苹果酸钠中两种的组合。其它与具体实施方式一至四之一相同。
具体实施方式六：本实施方式与具体实施方式一至五之一不同的是步骤i中所述的钝化剂为2-巯基-1-甲基咪唑、3-巯基苯甲酸、苯骈三氮唑、2-巯基苯并噻唑、正十二硫醇、2-巯基苯并咪唑中任意两种的组合。其它与具体实施方式一至五之一相同。
用以下试验验证本发明的有益效果：
试验一：本试验的一种制备电磁屏蔽布的方法以下步骤进行：
(1) 活化液的配制：a. 将浓度为0.16 g/L的OP-10、浓度为0.6 g/L的阴离子型聚丙烯酰胺和浓度为0.03 g/L的硫酸钯依次溶于去离子水中，搅拌3小时后陈化24小时以上，配得活化液；
(2) 喷镀液的配制：b. 将浓度为5.0 g/L的复合络合剂1和浓度为2.8 g/L的硫酸镍依次溶于去离子水中，用氢氧化钠和氨水调整pH至12.5后陈化24小时，配得喷镀液A1；c.将浓度为2.3 mL/L的水合肼、浓度为0.32 g/L的氟化钠和浓度为0.3 g/L的OP-10依次溶于去离子水中，用氢氧化钠调整pH值至12.5，配得喷镀液A2；d. 将浓度为1.5 g/L的复合络合剂2、浓度为0.38 g/L的硝酸银和浓度为1.2 g/L的硝酸铜依次溶于去离子水中，用氢氧化钠调整pH至12.0后陈化24小时，配得喷镀液B1；e. 将浓度为2 mL/L的乙醇、浓度为2.0 mL/L的乙醛酸和浓度为0.1 g/L的OP-10依次溶于去离子水中，配得喷镀液B2；
(3) 聚酯纤维布的活化：f. 用双头喷枪将步骤(1)配制的活化液与无水乙醇均匀等量喷在洁净的聚酯纤维布表面，自然干燥后喷淋步骤(1)配制的活化液，然后用去离子水将残余的活化液清洗干净，获得表面活化的聚酯纤维布；
(4) 喷镀电磁屏蔽层：g. 将步骤(2)配制的喷镀液A1和喷镀液A2分别升温至55℃，用双头喷枪同时等量喷在经过步骤(3)处理之后的聚酯纤维布表面，喷镀时间为10分钟，喷镀后采用去离子水将残余喷镀液清洗干净，完成喷镀镍；h. 将步骤(2)配制的喷镀液B1和喷镀液B2在室温下用双头喷枪同时等量喷在经过步骤g处理之后的聚酯纤维布表面，喷镀时间为5分钟，然后采用去离子水将残余喷镀液清洗干净，完成喷镀银铜合金；
(5) 化学钝化：i. 用喷枪将含有1.2 g/L钝化剂的钝化液喷在经过步骤(4)处理之后的聚酯纤维布表面，然后采用去离子水将残余钝化液清洗干净，冷风吹干后完成聚酯纤维布表面电磁屏蔽层的制备。
步骤a中所述的阴离子型聚丙烯酰胺的分子量为1000万；步骤b中所述的复合络合剂1为乙二胺、柠檬酸钠和葡萄糖酸钠的组合；步骤d中所述的复合络合剂2为柠檬酸钠和葡萄糖酸钠的组合；步骤i中所述的钝化剂为2-巯基-1-甲基咪唑和苯骈三氮唑的组合。
本试验通过在活化液中加入具有吸附性的阴离子型聚丙烯酰胺，使阴离子型聚丙烯酰胺-钯离子在活化过程中均匀吸附在聚酯纤维布表面，从而使聚酯纤维布表面变为催化表面，可以引发化学镀。在经过活化之后的聚酯纤维布表面首先喷洒A1、A2，即喷镀镍，通过调节镀液pH为强碱性，可以在低温下引发化学镀镍，从而获得具有良好磁性的电磁屏蔽层。继而喷洒B1、B2，即喷镀银铜合金，镍层首先置换喷镀液B1中的银离子，从而引发化学镀的进行，获得具有良好导电性的电磁屏蔽层。通过EDX测试发现镀层中银含量为38.5 wt%，铜含量为61.5 wt%。银铜合金经过化学钝化之后，稳定性得到了明显提升。本试验在聚酯纤维布表面喷镀获得的镍层/银铜合金层组合电磁屏蔽层可以屏蔽高频和低频的电磁波，屏蔽效能如图1所示，在10KHz~20GHz的频率范围内电磁屏蔽效能均达到87dB以上，最高屏蔽效能可达93dB，证明在此频率范围内皆具有优良的电磁屏蔽效果。不仅如此，本试验的喷镀速度非常快，极大的提高了生产效率。
Claims (4)
1.一种制备电磁屏蔽布的方法，其特征在于一种制备电磁屏蔽布的方法按以下步骤进行：
(1) 活化液的配制：a. 将浓度为0.05~0.8 g/L的非离子型表面活性剂、浓度为0.2~1.5 g/L的阴离子型聚丙烯酰胺和浓度为0.005~0.1 g/L的硫酸钯依次溶于去离子水中，搅拌1~5小时后陈化24小时以上，配得活化液；其中所述的阴离子型聚丙烯酰胺的分子量为300万~1000万；
(2) 喷镀液的配制：b. 将浓度为0.8~15.0 g/L的复合络合剂1和浓度为0.2~3.8 g/L的硫酸镍依次溶于去离子水中，用氢氧化钠和氨水调整pH至10.0~13.5后陈化24小时，配得喷镀液A1；c. 将浓度为0.5~3.8 mL/L的水合肼、浓度为0.01~0.8 g/L的氟化钠和浓度为0.05~0.5 g/L的非离子型表面活性剂依次溶于去离子水中，用氢氧化钠调整pH值至11.0~14.0，配得喷镀液A2；d. 将浓度为0.5~3.5 g/L的复合络合剂2、浓度为0.08~0.8 g/L的硝酸银和浓度为0.3~3.0 g/L的硝酸铜依次溶于去离子水中，用氢氧化钠调整pH至11.0~14.0后陈化24小时，配得喷镀液B1；e. 将浓度为1~3 mL/L的乙醇、浓度为0.5~5.0 mL/L的乙醛酸和浓度为0.02~0.3 g/L的非离子型表面活性剂依次溶于去离子水中，配得喷镀液B2；
(3) 聚酯纤维布的活化：f. 用双头喷枪将步骤(1)配制的活化液与无水乙醇均匀等量喷在洁净的聚酯纤维布表面，自然干燥后喷淋步骤(1)配制的活化液，然后用去离子水将残余的活化液清洗干净，获得表面活化的聚酯纤维布；
(4) 喷镀电磁屏蔽层：g. 将步骤(2)配制的喷镀液A1和喷镀液A2分别升温至40~65℃，用双头喷枪同时等量喷在经过步骤(3)处理之后的聚酯纤维布表面，喷镀时间为1~20分钟，喷镀后采用去离子水将残余喷镀液清洗干净，完成喷镀镍；h. 将步骤(2)配制的喷镀液B1和喷镀液B2在室温下用双头喷枪同时等量喷在经过步骤g处理之后的聚酯纤维布表面，喷镀时间为0.5~10分钟，然后采用去离子水将残余喷镀液清洗干净，完成喷镀银铜合金；
(5) 化学钝化：i. 用喷枪将含有0.01~2.0 g/L钝化剂的钝化液喷在经过步骤(4)处理之后的聚酯纤维布表面，然后采用去离子水将残余钝化液清洗干净，冷风吹干后完成聚酯纤维布表面电磁屏蔽层的制备；其中所述的钝化剂为2-巯基-1-甲基咪唑、3-巯基苯甲酸、苯骈三氮唑、2-巯基苯并噻唑、正十二硫醇、2-巯基苯并咪唑中任意两种的组合。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种制备电磁屏蔽布的方法，其特征在于步骤a、步骤c和步骤e中所述的非离子型表面活性剂为OP-10、平平加或PPE中的一种。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种制备电磁屏蔽布的方法，其特征在于步骤b中所述的复合络合剂1为氨水、乙二胺、苹果酸、柠檬酸钠、乳酸、干贝素或葡萄糖酸钠中任意三种的组合。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种制备电磁屏蔽布的方法，其特征在于步骤d中所述的复合络合剂2为柠檬酸钠、葡萄糖酸钠、焦磷酸钾或苹果酸钠中两种的组合。
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