CN110692811A - Compound feed for mandarin fish culture and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Compound feed for mandarin fish culture and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/12—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes by fermentation of natural products, e.g. of vegetable material, animal waste material or biomass
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
- A23K10/22—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from fish
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/105—Aliphatic or alicyclic compounds
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/142—Amino acids; Derivatives thereof
- A23K20/147—Polymeric derivatives, e.g. peptides or proteins
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/158—Fatty acids; Fats; Products containing oils or fats
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/163—Sugars; Polysaccharides
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/174—Vitamins
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
- A23K20/30—Oligoelements
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K40/00—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K40/30—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs by encapsulating; by coating
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
Abstract
The invention provides a compound feed for mandarin fish culture and a preparation method thereof, wherein the compound feed comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 25-30 parts of earthworm powder, 8-10 parts of traditional Chinese medicine mixed powder, 10-14 parts of mulberry branch and leaf mixture, 20-25 parts of fish meal, 2-4 parts of phospholipid oil and 1.5-3 parts of multi-vitamin microelement additive. The compound feed for mandarin fish cultivation prepared by the method can improve balanced nutrition for mandarin fish, can help the mandarin fish to prevent diseases, can reduce feed cost, improve production performance of the mandarin fish, increase muscle quality and disease resistance of the mandarin fish, and is used for solving the problems of high cost, high cultivation difficulty and difficult disease control of fish fed with living bait in the prior art.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of preparation of feeds for mandarin fish culture, in particular to a compound feed for mandarin fish culture and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The mandarin fish meat is tender in meat quality and rich in nutrition, contains a large amount of protein, trace elements, vitamins, lecithin and the like required by a human body, can enhance memory, thinking and analysis abilities, delay the decline of brain, warm the middle-jiao and replenish qi, warm the stomach, moisten the skin and the like, is health food for warming the middle-jiao and replenish qi, and is also a main protein food source for people in China. The mandarin fish is a typical carnivorous violent fish, and after the mandarin fish is hatched, the mandarin fish eats fries of other fishes, and the mandarin fish eats after hunger. The fry stage can swallow fry of other cultured fishes which are equivalent to 70-80% of the body length of the fish.
And (3) hatching mandarin fish fries with membranes for 3-5 days, and is suitable for eating bream and bream fries with the same age. The mandarin fish fries of 6-8 days can also eat four big fries of 3-5 days old. The mandarin fish fries 9-15 days old can eat bait fish with the length of 1 cm. According to production experience, 1 mandarin fish fry of 3 cm length is cultivated, 40 fish fries are fed on the first 10 scales every day, and 15 fish fries of which the feed length is slightly smaller than the specification of the mandarin fish fry are fed on the last 10 scales. If the quantity of bait fishes is insufficient, the mandarin fish fries can be killed by themselves.
At present, the sources of mandarin fish bait fish generally have three approaches: firstly, the Chinese carps are bought and densely cultured in water and fed at any time. And secondly, wild fish fry are cultivated and collected, about 3 mu of wild fish cultivating pond is matched with a bait fish cultivating pond per mu of mandarin fish cultivating pond, carp, crucian carp or some wild fishes with earlier reproducing time and larger reproducing quantity can be put in the wild fish cultivating pond, and a large amount of fish fries are reproduced for feeding of the mandarin fish. Thirdly, in order to save the fish pond, some small fishes such as pseudorasbora parva, cuttlefish and the like can be directly put into the mandarin fish pond. If the bait fishes from the three sources can increase the culture cost for a long time, and because the mandarin fish has the habit of catching real objects, a certain proportion of bait fishes are basically and continuously put in the mandarin fish during the culture process to prey on the mandarin fish, and the culture difficulty is high, therefore, the mandarin fish feed suitable for different growth stages of mandarin fish fries is provided, the survival rate of the mandarin fish fries can be improved, the feed can improve balanced nutrition in the mandarin fish culture process, can help the mandarin fish to play a role in preventing diseases, improve the meat quality of the mandarin fish and reduce the cost.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide the compound feed for mandarin fish cultivation and the preparation method thereof, the feed has reasonable nutritional components and good palatability, can improve balanced nutrition in the mandarin fish cultivation process, can help the mandarin fish to prevent diseases, can reduce the feed cost, improve the production performance of the mandarin fish, increase the muscle quality and disease resistance of the mandarin fish, and is used for solving the problems of high cost of feeding live bait fish, high cultivation difficulty and difficult disease control in the prior art.
The invention provides a compound feed for mandarin fish culture and a preparation method thereof, and specifically comprises the following steps:
a compound feed for mandarin fish culture comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:
25-30 parts of earthworm powder, 8-10 parts of traditional Chinese medicine mixed powder, 10-14 parts of mulberry branch and leaf mixture, 20-25 parts of fish meal, 2-4 parts of phospholipid oil and 1.5-3 parts of multi-vitamin microelement additive.
The compound feed for mandarin fish culture further comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:
28 parts of earthworm powder, 9 parts of traditional Chinese medicine mixed powder, 12 parts of mulberry branch and leaf mixture, 22 parts of fish meal, 3 parts of phospholipid oil and 2.5 parts of multi-vitamin microelement additive.
Furthermore, the traditional Chinese medicine mixed powder comprises, by mass, 10-25% of coix seed, 15-25% of glabrous greenbrier rhizome, 16-26% of liquorice, 16-20% of houttuynia cordata and 8-10% of ginkgo.
A preparation method of a compound feed for mandarin fish culture comprises the following steps:
s1, removing impurities: removing heterochromatic particles from the earthworm powder and the Chinese medicine mixed powder respectively, removing impurities from the mulberry branch and leaf mixture, and cleaning and drying the mulberry branch and leaf mixture for later use;
s2, superfine grinding: carrying out superfine grinding on the earthworm powder and the traditional Chinese medicine mixed powder obtained in the step S1, and sieving with a 500-700-mesh sieve to obtain fine micro powder; crushing the mulberry branch and leaf mixture obtained in the step S1 into fine particles of 200-400 meshes, and standing at normal temperature for later use;
s3, preparing a mulberry branch and leaf mixture extracting solution: adding water with the weight 5-6 times of that of the traditional Chinese medicine mixed fine powder into the traditional Chinese medicine mixed fine powder, heating to 80-100 ℃, leaching for 2-3 times for 30-45 min each time to obtain a green mulberry leaf extracting solution, filtering or centrifuging the extracting solution to remove insoluble substances, and standing at normal temperature for later use;
s4, preparing an earthworm powder extract: adding distilled water with the weight 3-4 times of that of the earthworm powder and the temperature of 45-60 ℃, soaking for 8-12 h, adding the earthworm powder into a food processor, beating the earthworm powder into earthworm powder slurry, boiling the earthworm powder slurry for 20-30 min, filtering, and collecting earthworm powder filtrate; after the earthworm powder filtrate is cooled to room temperature, adding ethyl acetate with the same volume, stirring for 25-30 min, layering, filtering, and collecting the water extract of the earthworm powder; adding ethyl acetate accounting for 1/2 volumes of the water extract of the earthworm powder into the water extract of the earthworm powder for treatment for 1-2 times, and filtering and collecting a secondary water extract of the earthworm powder; spray drying the secondary water extract to obtain earthworm powder extract;
s5, mixing and stirring: uniformly mixing the mulberry branch and leaf mixture extract, the earthworm powder extract, the mixed fine Chinese medicinal powder, the fish meal, the phosphatide oil and the multi-vitamin microelement additive to form a raw material mixture for later use;
s6, preparing a fermentation microbial inoculum, namely preparing a mixed bacterial culture agent from bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis, bacillus megaterium, streptomyces jingyangensis, streptomyces fradiae and candida tropicalis;
s7, boiling: boiling: boiling the raw material mixture in a closed environment for 8-10 hours, and standing and cooling for later use;
s8, fermentation: mixing the raw material mixture and the mixed bacterial culture agent according to the weight ratio of 4- (1:2), and stacking and fermenting at 25-30 ℃ for 3-5 days to obtain a fermentation product;
s9, preparing glue: adding the fermentation product into a bioadhesive material and alginate, uniformly mixing with water, and standing until a gelatinous composition with the viscosity of 2500-3000 mPa & s is formed;
s10, pressing into capsules: the gel-like composition is filled into capsule feed, and stored in refrigerated place for further use.
Further, the method for preparing the fermentation inoculant comprises the steps of respectively inoculating bacillus subtilis, bacillus megaterium, bacillus licheniformis, streptomyces jingyang, streptomyces fradiae and candida tropicalis into sterilized beef extract peptone culture media, culturing for 2-3 days at 30-35 ℃ to respectively obtain respective bacterial culture solutions, and mixing the bacterial culture solutions in equal parts by weight to obtain a mixed bacterial culture solution.
Further, the bioadhesive material is one or more of chitosan, carbomer, xanthan gum, hyaluronic acid, collagen and polyoxyethylene.
Further, the alginate is sodium alginate.
Further, the sealing in the boiling process is to transfer the raw material mixture into a sealed lightproof container and then heat the raw material mixture to 30-46 ℃ for boiling.
Furthermore, an external temperature display instrument is arranged on the sealed lightproof container.
Further, the viscosity of the gel-like composition obtained in the gel-making step is at a temperature of 25 to 27 ℃.
In an embodiment of the present invention, a palatability compound feed with balanced nutrition can be provided for mandarin fish cultivation, and as described above, the compound feed for mandarin fish cultivation and the preparation method thereof of the present invention have the following beneficial effects:
(1) the mandarin fish feed has reasonable and uniform nutrient components, cheap and easily-obtained raw materials, high contents of various proteins and vitamins and good palatability, improves the feed intake of the mandarin fish after feeding the feed, enhances the antiviral capacity of the mandarin fish, improves the production performance of the mandarin fish, and increases the muscle quality of the mandarin fish.
(2) According to the invention, the earthworm powder with high protein quality is used as a raw material, and after the earthworm powder is subjected to fermentation treatment, compared with the traditional earthworm powder used in the field of fertilizers, the earthworm powder has a higher added value; the earthworm powder and the traditional Chinese medicine mixed powder are combined, so that normal metabolism of the gastrointestinal tract of the fish can be promoted, the nutritional ingredients of the fish can be fully absorbed and utilized by the organism, the feed conversion rate is improved, the immunity can be enhanced, the occurrence of diseases is reduced, the quality of fish meat is improved, and the growth speed of the fish can be accelerated; particularly, the preparation method of the earthworm powder extract can directly improve the content of effective components in the earthworm powder extract, the earthworm powder extract can provide a large amount of fibers, can effectively improve the digestive system of the mandarin fish, improve the absorption of the fry to nutrient components, and promote digestion of the mandarin fish by combining the raw materials in the Chinese medicinal powder, so that the disease resistance of the mandarin fish is improved, the morbidity is reduced, the survival rate is improved, and the cost is reduced.
(3) The extraction method of the mulberry branch and leaf mixture extracting solution in the feed is simple and efficient, so that the extraction amount of active ingredients in the mulberry branch and leaf mixture extracting solution reaches more than 95%, the mulberry branch and leaf mixture extracting solution is characterized in that the active ingredients in branches and leaves are utilized, compared with the method of utilizing only mulberry leaves in the prior art, the utilization rate is greatly improved, and researches show that the mulberry branch extract contains natural polyhydroxy alkaloids alpha, which can play a role in immune health care on mandarin fish and improve the disease resistance of the mandarin fish, except that the mulberry leaves contain rich mineral substances, vitamins and natural active substance components with special effects.
(4) The gel composition is obtained by the preparation processes of boiling, fermentation, glue making and the like, the drug effect slow-release period and the application range of the composition are increased, the gel composition can be directly put into a mandarin fish culture pond after being encapsulated, the feed cannot be dispersed and dissolved in a water pond to avoid waste, and the gel composition is particularly suitable for large-scale aquaculture.
Detailed Description
The embodiments of the present invention are described below with reference to specific embodiments, and other advantages and effects of the present invention will be easily understood by those skilled in the art from the disclosure of the present specification. The invention is capable of other and different embodiments and of being practiced or of being carried out in various ways, and its several details are capable of modification in various respects, all without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. It is to be noted that the features in the following embodiments and examples may be combined with each other without conflict.
Example 1
A compound feed for mandarin fish culture comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:
30 parts of earthworm powder, 10 parts of traditional Chinese medicine mixed powder, 14 parts of mulberry branch and leaf mixture, 25 parts of fish meal, 4 parts of phospholipid oil and 3 parts of multi-vitamin microelement additive.
Furthermore, the traditional Chinese medicine mixed powder comprises, by mass, 10% of coix seed, 15% of glabrous greenbrier rhizome, 16% of liquorice, 16% of houttuynia cordata, and 8% of ginkgo.
A preparation method of a compound feed for mandarin fish culture comprises the following steps:
s1, removing impurities: removing heterochromatic particles from the earthworm powder and the Chinese medicine mixed powder respectively, removing impurities from the mulberry branch and leaf mixture, and cleaning and drying the mulberry branch and leaf mixture for later use;
s2, superfine grinding: micronizing the earthworm powder and the traditional Chinese medicine mixed powder obtained in the step S1, and sieving with a 500-mesh sieve to obtain fine micropowder; crushing the mulberry branch and leaf mixture obtained in the step S1 into fine particles of 200 meshes, and standing at normal temperature for later use;
s3, preparing a mulberry branch and leaf mixture extracting solution: adding 5 times of water into the mixed fine powder, heating to 80 deg.C, soaking for 2 times (30 min each time) to obtain green folium Mori extractive solution, filtering or centrifuging to remove insoluble substances, and standing at room temperature;
s4, preparing an earthworm powder extract: adding distilled water with the weight 3 times of that of the earthworm powder and the temperature of 45 ℃, soaking for 8 hours, adding the mixture into a food processor, beating the mixture into earthworm powder slurry, boiling the earthworm powder slurry for 20min, filtering, and collecting earthworm powder filtrate; cooling the filtrate to room temperature, adding ethyl acetate with the same volume, stirring for 25min, layering, filtering, and collecting water extractive solution of Lumbricus powder; adding ethyl acetate accounting for 1/2 volumes of the water extract of the earthworm powder into the water extract of the earthworm powder for treatment for 1 time, and filtering and collecting a secondary water extract of the earthworm powder; spray drying the secondary water extract to obtain earthworm powder extract;
s5, mixing and stirring: uniformly mixing the mulberry branch and leaf mixture extract, the earthworm powder extract, the mixed fine Chinese medicinal powder, the fish meal, the phosphatide oil and the multi-vitamin microelement additive to form a raw material mixture for later use;
s6, preparing a fermentation microbial inoculum, namely preparing a mixed bacterial culture agent from bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis, bacillus megaterium, streptomyces jingyangensis, streptomyces fradiae and candida tropicalis;
s7, boiling: boiling: boiling the raw material mixture in a closed environment for 8 hours, and standing and cooling for later use;
s8, fermentation: mixing the raw material mixture and the mixed bacterial culture agent according to the weight ratio of 4, and stacking and fermenting at 25 ℃ for 3 days to obtain a fermentation product;
s9, preparing glue: adding the fermentation product into a bioadhesive material and alginate, uniformly mixing with water, and standing until a gelatinous composition with the viscosity of 2500mPa & s is formed;
s10, pressing into capsules: the gel-like composition is filled into capsule feed, and stored in refrigerated place for further use.
Further, the method for preparing the fermentation inoculum comprises the steps of respectively inoculating bacillus subtilis, bacillus megaterium, bacillus licheniformis, streptomyces jingyangensis, streptomyces fradiae and candida tropicalis into sterilized beef extract peptone culture media, respectively obtaining respective bacterial culture solutions after culturing for 2 days at 30 ℃, and then mixing the same amount of parts by weight to obtain a mixed bacterial culture solution.
Further, the bioadhesive material is one or more of chitosan, carbomer, xanthan gum, hyaluronic acid, collagen and polyoxyethylene.
Further, the alginate is sodium alginate.
Further, the sealing in the boiling is to transfer the raw material mixture into a sealed lightproof container and then heat the raw material mixture to 30 ℃ for boiling.
Furthermore, an external temperature display instrument is arranged on the sealed lightproof container.
Further, the viscosity of the gel-like composition obtained in the gel-making step is a viscosity at 25 ℃.
Example 2
A compound feed for mandarin fish culture comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:
30 parts of earthworm powder, 10 parts of traditional Chinese medicine mixed powder, 14 parts of mulberry branch and leaf mixture, 25 parts of fish meal, 4 parts of phospholipid oil and 3 parts of multi-vitamin microelement additive.
Furthermore, the traditional Chinese medicine mixed powder comprises the raw material components of, by mass, 25% of coix seed, 25% of glabrous greenbrier rhizome, 26% of liquorice, 20% of houttuynia cordata and 10% of ginkgo.
A preparation method of a compound feed for mandarin fish culture comprises the following steps:
s1, removing impurities: removing heterochromatic particles from the earthworm powder and the Chinese medicine mixed powder respectively, removing impurities from the mulberry branch and leaf mixture, and cleaning and drying the mulberry branch and leaf mixture for later use;
s2, superfine grinding: carrying out superfine grinding on the earthworm powder and the traditional Chinese medicine mixed powder obtained in the step S1, and sieving by a 700-mesh sieve to obtain fine micro powder; crushing the mulberry branch and leaf mixture obtained in the step S1 into fine particles of 400 meshes, and standing at normal temperature for later use;
s3, preparing a mulberry branch and leaf mixture extracting solution: adding 6 times of water into the fine powder, heating to 100 deg.C, leaching for 3 times (45 min each time) to obtain green folium Mori extractive solution, filtering or centrifuging to remove insoluble substances, and standing at room temperature;
s4, preparing an earthworm powder extract: adding distilled water with the weight 4 times of that of the earthworm powder and the temperature of 60 ℃, soaking for 12h, adding the earthworm powder into a food processor, beating the earthworm powder into earthworm powder slurry, boiling the earthworm powder slurry for 30min, filtering, and collecting earthworm powder filtrate; cooling the filtrate to room temperature, adding ethyl acetate with the same volume, stirring for 30min, layering, filtering, and collecting water extractive solution of Lumbricus powder; adding ethyl acetate accounting for 1/2 volumes of the water extract of the earthworm powder into the water extract of the earthworm powder for treatment for 2 times, and filtering and collecting a secondary water extract of the earthworm powder; spray drying the secondary water extract to obtain earthworm powder extract;
s5, mixing and stirring: uniformly mixing the mulberry branch and leaf mixture extract, the earthworm powder extract, the mixed fine Chinese medicinal powder, the fish meal, the phosphatide oil and the multi-vitamin microelement additive to form a raw material mixture for later use;
s6, preparing a fermentation microbial inoculum, namely preparing a mixed bacterial culture agent from bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis, bacillus megaterium, streptomyces jingyangensis, streptomyces fradiae and candida tropicalis;
s7, boiling: boiling: boiling the raw material mixture in a closed environment for 10 hours, and standing and cooling for later use;
s8, fermentation: mixing the raw material mixture and the mixed bacterial culture agent according to the weight ratio of 1:2, and stacking and fermenting at 30 ℃ for 5 days to obtain a fermentation product;
s9, preparing glue: adding the fermentation product into a bioadhesive material and alginate, uniformly mixing with water, and standing until a gelatinous composition with the viscosity of 3000mPa & s is formed;
s10, pressing into capsules: the gel-like composition is filled into capsule feed, and stored in refrigerated place for further use.
Further, the method for preparing the fermentation inoculum comprises the steps of respectively inoculating bacillus subtilis, bacillus megaterium, bacillus licheniformis, streptomyces jingyangensis, streptomyces fradiae and candida tropicalis into sterilized beef extract peptone culture media, respectively obtaining respective bacterial culture solutions after culturing for 3 days at 35 ℃, and then mixing the same amount of parts by weight to obtain a mixed bacterial culture solution.
Further, the bioadhesive material is one or more of chitosan, carbomer, xanthan gum, hyaluronic acid, collagen and polyoxyethylene.
Further, the alginate is sodium alginate.
Further, the sealing in the boiling process is to transfer the raw material mixture into a sealed lightproof container, and then to heat the raw material mixture to 46 ℃ for boiling
Furthermore, an external temperature display instrument is arranged on the sealed lightproof container.
Further, the viscosity of the gel-like composition obtained in the gel-making step is a viscosity at 27 ℃.
Example 3
A compound feed for mandarin fish culture comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:
28 parts of earthworm powder, 9 parts of traditional Chinese medicine mixed powder, 12 parts of mulberry branch and leaf mixture, 22 parts of fish meal, 3 parts of phospholipid oil and 2.5 parts of multi-vitamin microelement additive.
Furthermore, the traditional Chinese medicine mixed powder comprises, by mass, 17% of coix seed, 18% of glabrous greenbrier rhizome, 21% of liquorice, 18% of houttuynia cordata, and 9% of ginkgo.
A preparation method of a compound feed for mandarin fish culture comprises the following steps:
s1, removing impurities: removing heterochromatic particles from the earthworm powder and the Chinese medicine mixed powder respectively, removing impurities from the mulberry branch and leaf mixture, and cleaning and drying the mulberry branch and leaf mixture for later use;
s2, superfine grinding: carrying out superfine grinding on the earthworm powder and the traditional Chinese medicine mixed powder obtained in the step S1, and sieving by a 600-mesh sieve to obtain fine micro powder; crushing the mulberry branch and leaf mixture obtained in the step S1 into fine particles of 300 meshes, and standing at normal temperature for later use;
s3, preparing a mulberry branch and leaf mixture extracting solution: adding water 5.5 times the weight of the fine powder into the fine powder, heating to 90 deg.C, leaching for 3 times (38 min each time) to obtain green folium Mori extractive solution, filtering or centrifuging the extractive solution to remove insoluble substances, and standing at room temperature;
s4, preparing an earthworm powder extract: adding distilled water with the weight 3 times of the earthworm powder and the temperature of 52 ℃, soaking for 10h, adding into a food processor, beating into earthworm powder slurry, boiling the earthworm powder slurry for 25min, filtering, and collecting earthworm powder filtrate; cooling the filtrate to room temperature, adding ethyl acetate with the same volume, stirring for 27min, layering, filtering, and collecting water extractive solution of Lumbricus powder; adding ethyl acetate accounting for 1/2 volumes of the water extract of the earthworm powder into the water extract of the earthworm powder for treatment for 1 time, and filtering and collecting a secondary water extract of the earthworm powder; spray drying the secondary water extract to obtain earthworm powder extract;
s5, mixing and stirring: uniformly mixing the mulberry branch and leaf mixture extract, the earthworm powder extract, the mixed fine Chinese medicinal powder, the fish meal, the phosphatide oil and the multi-vitamin microelement additive to form a raw material mixture for later use;
s6, preparing a fermentation microbial inoculum, namely preparing a mixed bacterial culture agent from bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis, bacillus megaterium, streptomyces jingyangensis, streptomyces fradiae and candida tropicalis;
s7, boiling: boiling: boiling the raw material mixture in a closed environment for 9 hours, and standing and cooling for later use;
s8, fermentation: mixing the raw material mixture and the mixed bacterial culture agent according to a weight ratio of 2: 1, and stacking and fermenting at 28 ℃ for 4 days to obtain a fermentation product;
s9, preparing glue: adding the fermentation product into a bioadhesive material and alginate, uniformly mixing with water, and standing until a gelatinous composition with the viscosity of 27500mPa & s is formed;
s10, pressing into capsules: the gel-like composition is filled into capsule feed, and stored in refrigerated place for further use.
Further, the method for preparing the fermentation inoculum comprises the steps of respectively inoculating bacillus subtilis, bacillus megaterium, bacillus licheniformis, streptomyces jingyangensis, streptomyces fradiae and candida tropicalis into sterilized beef extract peptone culture media, respectively obtaining respective bacterial culture solutions after culturing for 2 days at 33 ℃, and then mixing the same amount of parts by weight to obtain a mixed bacterial culture solution.
Further, the bioadhesive material is one or more of chitosan, carbomer, xanthan gum, hyaluronic acid, collagen and polyoxyethylene.
Further, the alginate is sodium alginate.
Further, the sealing in the boiling process is to transfer the raw material mixture into a sealed lightproof container, and then to heat the raw material mixture to 38 ℃ for boiling
Furthermore, an external temperature display instrument is arranged on the sealed lightproof container.
Further, the viscosity of the gel-like composition obtained in the gel-making step is a viscosity at 26 ℃.
In order to further illustrate the application value of the invention, the inventor carries out a mandarin fish grouping test, selects the feed in the embodiment 1-3 and the common feed on the market to carry out a comparison test, starts to carry out a formal test after temporary rearing for 10 days during the test, feeds the formula feed in the embodiment 1-3 and the common feed on the market by a comparison group during the formal test, samples the feed respectively at 30, 45 and 60 days, samples the muscle tissue and the tail vein, carries out growth test determination, muscle nutrition index determination and blood biochemical index determination, and has the following specific detection indexes and methods:
growth indexes are as follows: before weighing, the fish is starved for 24h, weighing and recording the feeding amount. 4 fishes are randomly selected from each group, and the body length, the body weight, the feeding amount, the fish body weight gain and the like of the fishes are measured and used for calculating the fish body weight gain rate, the feed coefficient, the protein efficiency, the specific growth rate, the fullness, the viscera ratio, the liver ratio and the intestine ratio. The calculation formula is as follows:
the weight gain ratio (%) (fish body end weight-fish body initial weight)/fish body initial weight x 100;
the feed coefficient (%) — feed amount/weight gain of fish body (both converted to dry matter) × 100;
protein Efficiency (PER)%) (Wt W0) × 100/F × P;
specific growth rate (SGR,%/d) ═ LnWt LnW0 × 100/t;
the results found that the experimental group was far superior to the control group in terms of weight gain, protein efficiency and feed factor.
Measuring muscle nutritional indexes: detecting protein, cholesterol, amino acids, fatty acids, calcium, zinc, selenium, vitamin A, vitamin E and ash in the muscle; selecting 3 fish tails from each experimental group, measuring the water loss rate of muscles, wherein 10g of abdominal muscles between the 3 rd auxiliary bones and the 4 th auxiliary bones of one side of each fish body is selected; taking about 10g of muscle between the 5 th dorsal fin and the 6 th dorsal fin on the other side and about 10g of muscle between the 6 th dorsal fin and the 8 th dorsal fin on the other side, and measuring muscle protein, amino acid, fatty acid, mineral and vitamin. Freezing the three fish living bodies selected from each test pool for conventional component analysis; as a result, the contents of protein, amino acid, calcium and zinc in the mandarin fish fed with the feed of the invention are found to be more than 20% higher than those in the comparative group on average.
And (3) determining disease resistance related indexes: detecting spleen index, head kidney index, leukocyte count and survival rate
The immune organs of the animals are important tissues for the aquatic animals to perform the immune function. The weight of immune organs is closely related to the immune function of animals, and the development condition of the immune organs directly influences the immunity of the organism. The spleen is the major peripheral lymphoid organ of fish, also the organ through which blood is filtered, and is the major site for T, B lymphocyte colonization and immune response after antigen stimulation. Thus, the weight of the spleen may reflect the level of immune response in fish to some extent.
The method comprises the following steps: weighing the fish after blood collection, and collecting spleen by using dissecting tools such as surgical scissors in a number-matching way. The removed spleen was quickly and gently wiped dry with clean absorbent cotton, weighed, and the data recorded. Spleen indices were determined and the results indicated that spleen indices were higher in all experimental groups than in the control group.
Through the comparison of the tests, the growth index, the muscle quality index and the disease resistance of the mandarin fish fed by the feed are obviously improved.
In conclusion, the compound feed for the mandarin fish has balanced raw material proportion, and can provide the feed for the mandarin fish, which can promote the healthy growth of the mandarin fish, improve the muscle quality index and enhance the disease resistance by combining the preparation method of the invention.
Therefore, the invention effectively overcomes various defects in the prior art and has high industrial utilization value.
The foregoing embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles and utilities of the present invention and are not intended to limit the invention. Any person skilled in the art can modify or change the above-mentioned embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Accordingly, it is intended that all equivalent modifications or changes which can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and technical spirit of the present invention be covered by the claims of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The compound feed for mandarin fish culture is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight:
25-30 parts of earthworm powder, 8-10 parts of traditional Chinese medicine mixed powder, 10-14 parts of mulberry branch and leaf mixture, 20-25 parts of fish meal, 2-4 parts of phospholipid oil and 1.5-3 parts of multi-vitamin microelement additive.
2. The compound feed for mandarin fish cultivation as claimed in claim 1, comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight:
28 parts of earthworm powder, 9 parts of traditional Chinese medicine mixed powder, 12 parts of mulberry branch and leaf mixture, 22 parts of fish meal, 3 parts of phospholipid oil and 2.5 parts of multi-vitamin microelement additive.
3. The compound feed for mandarin fish farming according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: the traditional Chinese medicine mixed powder comprises, by mass, 10-25% of coix seed, 15-25% of glabrous greenbrier rhizome, 16-26% of liquorice, 16-20% of heartleaf houttuynia herb and 8-10% of ginkgo.
4. The method for producing a compound feed for mandarin fish farming according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein: comprises the following steps:
s1, removing impurities: removing heterochromatic particles from the earthworm powder and the Chinese medicine mixed powder respectively, removing impurities from the mulberry branch and leaf mixture, and cleaning and drying the mulberry branch and leaf mixture for later use;
s2, superfine grinding: carrying out superfine grinding on the earthworm powder and the traditional Chinese medicine mixed powder obtained in the step S1, and sieving with a 500-700-mesh sieve to obtain fine micro powder; crushing the mulberry branch and leaf mixture obtained in the step S1 into fine particles of 200-400 meshes, and standing at normal temperature for later use;
s3, preparing a mulberry branch and leaf mixture extracting solution: adding water with the weight 5-6 times of that of the traditional Chinese medicine mixed fine powder into the traditional Chinese medicine mixed fine powder, heating to 80-100 ℃, leaching for 2-3 times for 30-45 min each time to obtain a green mulberry leaf extracting solution, filtering or centrifuging the extracting solution to remove insoluble substances, and standing at normal temperature for later use;
s4, preparing an earthworm powder extract: adding distilled water with the weight 3-4 times of that of the earthworm powder and the temperature of 45-60 ℃, soaking for 8-12 h, adding the earthworm powder into a food processor, beating the earthworm powder into earthworm powder slurry, boiling the earthworm powder slurry for 20-30 min, filtering, and collecting earthworm powder filtrate; after the earthworm powder filtrate is cooled to room temperature, adding ethyl acetate with the same volume, stirring for 25-30 min, layering, filtering, and collecting the water extract of the earthworm powder; adding ethyl acetate accounting for 1/2 volumes of the water extract of the earthworm powder into the water extract of the earthworm powder for treatment for 1-2 times, and filtering and collecting a secondary water extract of the earthworm powder; spray drying the secondary water extract to obtain earthworm powder extract;
s5, mixing and stirring: uniformly mixing the mulberry branch and leaf mixture extract, the earthworm powder extract, the mixed fine Chinese medicinal powder, the fish meal, the phosphatide oil and the multi-vitamin microelement additive to form a raw material mixture for later use;
s6, preparing a fermentation microbial inoculum, namely preparing a mixed bacterial culture agent from bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis, bacillus megaterium, streptomyces jingyangensis, streptomyces fradiae and candida tropicalis;
s7, boiling: boiling: boiling the raw material mixture in a closed environment for 8-10 hours, and standing and cooling for later use;
s8, fermentation: mixing the raw material mixture and the mixed bacterial culture agent according to the weight ratio of 4- (1:2), and stacking and fermenting at 25-30 ℃ for 3-5 days to obtain a fermentation product;
s9, preparing glue: adding the fermentation product into a bioadhesive material and alginate, uniformly mixing with water, and standing until a gelatinous composition with the viscosity of 2500-3000 mPa & s is formed;
s10, pressing into capsules: the gel-like composition is filled into capsule feed, and stored in refrigerated place for further use.
5. The method for preparing a compound feed for mandarin fish farming as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the steps of: the method for preparing the fermentation inoculum comprises the steps of respectively inoculating bacillus subtilis, bacillus megaterium, bacillus licheniformis, streptomyces jingyangensis, streptomyces fradiae and candida tropicalis into sterilized beef extract peptone culture media, respectively obtaining respective bacterial culture solutions after culturing for 2-3 days at 30-35 ℃, and then mixing the bacterial culture solutions in equal parts by weight to obtain a mixed bacterial culture solution.
6. The method for preparing a compound feed for mandarin fish farming as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the steps of: the biological adhesive material is one or more of chitosan, carbomer, xanthan gum, hyaluronic acid, collagen and polyoxyethylene.
7. The method for preparing a compound feed for mandarin fish farming as claimed in claim 6, wherein: the alginate is sodium alginate.
8. The method for preparing a compound feed for mandarin fish farming as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the steps of: the sealing in the boiling process is to transfer the raw material mixture into a sealed lightproof container and then heat the mixture to 30-46 ℃ for boiling.
9. The method for preparing a compound feed for mandarin fish farming as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the steps of: an external temperature display instrument is arranged on the sealed lightproof container.
10. The method for preparing a compound feed for mandarin fish farming as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the steps of: the viscosity of the gel composition obtained in the gel preparation step is 25-27 ℃.
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| CN201910638714.8A CN110692811A (en) | 2019-07-16 | 2019-07-16 | Compound feed for mandarin fish culture and preparation method thereof |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111990555A (en) * | 2020-09-04 | 2020-11-27 | 镇江金山湖农业发展有限公司 | Mandarin fish intestinal health product and use method thereof |
| CN115316497A (en) * | 2022-08-15 | 2022-11-11 | 广东省农业科学院蚕业与农产品加工研究所 | Mulberry leaf extract, mandarin fish feed and application thereof |
-
2019
- 2019-07-16 CN CN201910638714.8A patent/CN110692811A/en not_active Withdrawn
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111990555A (en) * | 2020-09-04 | 2020-11-27 | 镇江金山湖农业发展有限公司 | Mandarin fish intestinal health product and use method thereof |
| CN115316497A (en) * | 2022-08-15 | 2022-11-11 | 广东省农业科学院蚕业与农产品加工研究所 | Mulberry leaf extract, mandarin fish feed and application thereof |
| CN115316497B (en) * | 2022-08-15 | 2023-05-09 | 广东省农业科学院蚕业与农产品加工研究所 | Mulberry leaf extract, mandarin fish feed and application thereof |
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