CN115316497A - Mulberry leaf extract, mandarin fish feed and application thereof - Google Patents
Mulberry leaf extract, mandarin fish feed and application thereof Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN115316497A CN115316497A CN202210972974.0A CN202210972974A CN115316497A CN 115316497 A CN115316497 A CN 115316497A CN 202210972974 A CN202210972974 A CN 202210972974A CN 115316497 A CN115316497 A CN 115316497A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- mulberry leaf
- leaf extract
- mandarin fish
- mulberry
- feed
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
- A01K61/13—Prevention or treatment of fish diseases
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D11/00—Solvent extraction
- B01D11/02—Solvent extraction of solids
- B01D11/0207—Control systems
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D11/00—Solvent extraction
- B01D11/02—Solvent extraction of solids
- B01D11/0261—Solvent extraction of solids comprising vibrating mechanisms, e.g. mechanical, acoustical
- B01D11/0265—Applying ultrasound
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D11/00—Solvent extraction
- B01D11/02—Solvent extraction of solids
- B01D11/0288—Applications, solvents
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D11/00—Solvent extraction
- B01D11/02—Solvent extraction of solids
- B01D11/0292—Treatment of the solvent
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Mycology (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Physiology (AREA)
- Insects & Arthropods (AREA)
- Birds (AREA)
- Fodder In General (AREA)
- Feed For Specific Animals (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a mulberry leaf extract, a mandarin fish feed and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of natural products in aquatic feeds. The invention provides a mulberry leaf extract, which takes mulberry leaf polysaccharide and mulberry leaf flavone as main active ingredients. The weight and the body length of the mandarin fish can be obviously improved by adding 5g/kg of mulberry leaf extract into the mandarin fish compound feed, and the survival rate of the mandarin fish is continuously improved along with the improvement of the concentration of the mulberry leaf extract; the addition of a proper amount of the mulberry leaf extract can obviously improve the antioxidant capacity of mandarin fish serum, improve the health of liver and intestinal tract and improve the intestinal absorption capacity of mandarin fish. Therefore, the invention provides the application of the mulberry leaf extract or the mandarin fish feed containing the mulberry leaf extract in mandarin fish culture.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of natural products in aquatic feeds, and particularly relates to a mulberry leaf extract, a mandarin fish feed and application thereof.
Background
The mandarin fish (Siniperca chuatsi) belongs to the family of Perciformes (Perciformes) true Perciformes (Percichthyididae) Siniperca, is commonly called Osmanthus fragrans, and is a famous and persistent fresh water economic fish in China. The mandarin fish is well received by consumers at home and abroad due to the characteristics of delicious meat, no muscle prickling and high nutritive value [1] . The artificial mandarin fish breeding is developed rapidly after the artificial mandarin fish breeding technology in the 70 th past century breaks through, and the data of the statistical yearbook of the fishery in China in 2021 shows that the total yield of mandarin fish breeding in China reaches 37.7 million tons in 2020, and the yield exceeds 200 million yuan [2] . The mandarin fish is carnivorous fish, mainly ingests live bait fish, and with the improvement of the feeding mechanism and the compound feed domestication technology of the mandarin fish, the artificial compound feed culture of the mandarin fish is preliminarily realized at present [3,4] . In the artificial mixed feed culture process, fatty liver and intestinal injury are main recessive threats influencing survival rate of mandarin fish [5] . In addition, because of frequent diseases and low survival rate, a large amount of fishing drugs and antibiotics are used in the mandarin fish culture process, which also seriously affects the quality safety of the mandarin fish. Therefore, screening of a suitable feed additive capable of promoting growth of the mandarin fish, enhancing immunity, improving oxidation resistance and protecting liver and intestine functions is a key for promoting healthy development of the mandarin fish aquaculture industry.
Mulberry (Morus alba L.) has a long planting history in China, and mulberry leaves are widely used as raw materials of food and Chinese herbal medicine [6,7] . The mulberry leaves are rich in polysaccharide, flavonoid, alkaloid,Multiple natural active substances such as polyphenol [6,8] . Research shows that mulberry leaves have the function of reducing blood sugar [9] Reducing blood fat [10] And has antibacterial effect [11] And oxidation resistance [12] And is antiviral [13] And anti-inflammatory [14] And the like. Mulberry Leaf Extract (MLE) is generally a mixture obtained by heating and extracting sun-dried and pulverized mulberry leaf powder with solvents such as n-butanol, ethanol, water and the like [15] Contains a large amount of polysaccharides, flavonoids, alkaloids, etc [13] . Therefore, extensive research on mulberry leaves and extracts thereof is carried out, mainly focusing on the extraction process [6] Pharmacological activity of [16] Clinical application [17] Nutritional and functional ingredients [6] Feed protein source replacement [18] And the like, but the application of the compound as a feed additive in aquaculture is less, and the research conclusion on the growth performance is different. Wangyong plum, etc [19] The fact that the addition of 10-300 mg/kg of mulberry leaf flavone in the feed has no significant influence on the growth performance and body composition of the litopenaeus vannamei. Similarly, in research of tilapia, the research finds that the growth performance of gift tilapia is not obviously influenced by adding 50-1000 mg/kg mulberry leaf flavone into feed [20] . The early research on grass carp shows that the addition of mulberry leaf powder has no significant influence on the growth performance of grass carp [21] 。
Reference documents
[1] Juniper, korean shihao, wangxuan, etc. research progress of mandarin fish culture profile and feeding regulation mechanism [ J ] aquatic science report, 2021-8.
LI S L,HAN Z H,WANG X Y,et al.Research progress on aquaculture and feeding regulation mechanism of Mandarin fish[J].Journal of Fisheries of China,2021,45(10):1787-1795.(in Chinese)
[2] National characteristic freshwater fish industry technical system, mandarin fish industry development report of China [ J ]. Aquatic products of China 2021 (04): 23-32.
[3]LIU L,LIANG X,FANG J,et al.The differentia of nitrogen utilizationbetween fast growth individuals and slow growth individuals in hybrid ofSiniperca chuatsi(♀)×Siniperca scherzeri(♂)mandarin fish fed minced prey fish[J].Aquaculture Research,2017,48(8):4590-4595.
[4]LIANG X F,OKU H,OGATA H Y,et al.Weaning Chinese perch Siniperca chuatsi(Basilewsky)onto artificial diets based upon its specific sensorymodality in feeding[J].Aquaculture Research,2001,32:76-82.
[5]ZHANG Y,FENG H,LIANG X,et al.Dietary bile acids reduce liver lipid deposition via activating farnesoid X receptor,and improve gut health by regulating gut microbiota in Chinese perch(Siniperca chuatsi)[J].Fish&Shellfish Immunology,2022,121:265-275.
[6]WEN P,HU T,LINHARDT R J,et al.Mulberry:A review of bioactive compounds and advanced processing technology[J].Trends in Food Science&Technology,2019,83:138-158.
[7]CHAN E W,LYE P Y,WONG S K.Phytochemistry,pharmacology,and clinical trials of Morus alba[J].Chin JNat Med,2016,14(1):17-30.
[8]MA G,CHAI X,HOU G,et al.Phytochemistry,bioactivities and future prospects of mulberry leaves:A review[J].Food Chemistry,2022,372:131335.
[9]NAOWABOOT J,PANNANGPETCH P,KUKONGVIRIYAPAN V,et al.Antihyperglycemic,antioxidant and antiglycation activities of mulberry leaf extract in streptozotocin-induced chronic diabetic rats[J].Plant Foods Hum Nutr.,2009,64(2):116-121.
[10]ZHAO X,FU Z,YAO M,et al.Mulberry(Morus alba L.)leaf polysaccharide ameliorates insulin resistance-and adipose deposition-associated gut microbiota and lipid metabolites in high-fat diet-induced obese mice[J].Food Science&Nutrition,2022,10(2):617-630.
[11]AELENEI P,LUCA S V,HORHOGEA C E,et al.Morus alba leaf extract:Metabolite profiling and interactions with antibiotics against Staphylococcus spp.including MRSA[J].Phytochemistry Letters,2019,31:217-224.
[12]JESZKA SKOWRON M,FLACZYK E,
T.In vitro and in vivo analyses of Morus alba Polish var.wielkolistna zolwinska leaf ethanol-water extract-antioxidant and hypocholesterolemic activities in hyperlipideamic rats[J].European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology,2017,119(10):1600514.
[13]THABTI I,ALBERT Q,PHILIPPOT S,et al.Advances on antiviral activity of Morus spp.plant extracts:human coronavirus and virus-related respiratory tract infections in the spotlight[J].Molecules,2020,25(8):1876.
[14]OH N S,LEE J Y,LEE J M,et al.Mulberry leaf extract fermented with Lactobacillus acidophilus A4 ameliorates 5-fluorouracil-induced intestinal mucositis inrats[J].Lett Appl Microbiol,2017,64(6):459-468.
[15]KIM G,JANG H.Flavonol content in the water extract of the mulberry(Morus alba L.)leaf and their antioxidant capacities[J].Journal of Food Science,2011,76(6):C869-C873.
[16]KWON H J,CHUNG J Y,KIM J Y,et al.Comparison of 1-deoxynojirimycin and aqueous mulberry leaf extract with emphasis on postprandial hypoglycemic effects:in vivo and in vitro studies[J].Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry,2011,59(7):3014-3019.
[17]SHIN S,SEO H,PARK H,et al.Effects of mulberry leaf extract on blood glucose and serum lipid profiles in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus:A systematic review[J].European Journal of Integrative Medicine,2016,8(5):602-608.
[18]ZHU W,XIAO S,CHEN S,et al.Effects of fermented mulberry leaves on growth,serum antioxidant capacity,digestive enzyme activities and microbial compositions of the intestine in crucian(Carassius carassius)[J].Aquaculture Research,2021,52(12):6356-6366.
[19] The influence of adding mulberry leaf flavone in the feed on the growth performance, antioxidant index and stress resistance of litopenaeus vannamei [ J ] the Chinese aquatic science, 2020,27 (10): 1184-1195.
[20] Poplar dawn, aged ice, yellow swallow Hua, etc. the influence of the addition of mulberry leaf flavone in the feed on the growth performance, body composition, antioxidant index and nitrite stress resistance of genetically improved farmed tilapia [ J ] the animal nutrition bulletin, 2017,29 (09): 3403-3412.
[21] The influence of mulberry leaf powder added into feed on the growth performance and meat quality and flavor of grass carp is J, guangdong agricultural science 2021,48 (04): 119-130.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention aims to provide a mulberry leaf extract and a mandarin fish feed prepared from the mulberry leaf extract, which are used as feed additives added into daily ration for aquaculture of aquatic animals by promoting the growth of mandarin fish, improving the oxidation resistance of aquatic animals and improving the liver and intestinal health of aquatic animals.
The invention provides a mulberry leaf extract, which contains mulberry leaf polysaccharide and mulberry leaf flavone;
the concentration of the mulberry leaf polysaccharide is 350 mg/g-550 mg/g, and the concentration of the mulberry leaf flavone is 30 mg/g-100 mg/g.
The invention provides a preparation method of a mulberry leaf extract, which comprises the following steps:
treating mulberry leaves with petroleum ether to obtain pretreated mulberry leaves;
extracting the pretreated mulberry leaves by using ethanol water solution, and separating liquid phase to obtain the mulberry leaf extract.
Preferably, the feed-liquid ratio of the mulberry leaves to the petroleum ether is 1g:18 to 22mL.
Preferably, the petroleum ether treatment comprises petroleum ether extraction and reflux treatment;
the extraction time of the petroleum ether is 10-14 h;
the time of the reflux treatment is 1.5-2.5 h, and the temperature of the reflux treatment is 55-65 ℃.
Preferably, the feed-liquid ratio of the pretreated mulberry leaves to the ethanol aqueous solution is 1g: 28-32 mL;
the volume percentage content of the ethanol water solution is 70-80%.
Preferably, the extraction times of the ethanol aqueous solution are 2-3 times;
extracting with ultrasound every time of extracting with ethanol water solution;
the time of ultrasonic extraction is 25-35 min each time; the temperature of each ultrasonic extraction is 38-42 ℃; the power of each ultrasonic extraction is 30-50 KHz.
The invention provides a mandarin fish feed, which comprises the mulberry leaf extract or the mulberry leaf extract prepared by the preparation method and daily ration;
the addition amount of the mulberry leaf extract is 0.1-1.0 mg/g daily ration.
The invention provides an application of the mulberry leaf extract, the mulberry leaf extract prepared by the preparation method or the mandarin fish feed in mandarin fish culture.
The invention provides an application of the mulberry leaf extract or the mulberry leaf extract prepared by the preparation method in promoting growth of mandarin fish, wherein the addition amount of the mulberry leaf extract is 0.4-0.6 mg/g daily ration.
The invention provides an application of the mulberry leaf extract or the mulberry leaf extract prepared by the preparation method in at least one of improving mandarin fish body, improving antioxidant activity, protecting liver and intestinal health and improving absorption capacity of nutrient substances in intestinal tracts of mandarin fish, wherein the addition amount of the mulberry leaf extract is 0.1-1.0 mg/g daily ration.
The mulberry leaf extract provided by the invention contains mulberry leaf polysaccharide and mulberry leaf flavone; the concentration of the mulberry leaf polysaccharide is 350 mg/g-550 mg/g, and the concentration of the mulberry leaf flavone is 30 mg/g-100 mg/g. According to the method, the mulberry leaf extract is added into the daily ration to feed the mandarin fish, so that the growth performance of the mandarin fish is improved, and the survival rate of the mandarin fish is continuously improved along with the increase of the concentration of the mulberry leaf extract. Meanwhile, the proper amount of the mulberry leaf extract is added, so that the antioxidant capacity of mandarin fish serum can be improved, the health of liver and intestinal tract can be protected, and the absorption capacity of nutrient substances in the intestinal tract of the mandarin fish can be improved. Therefore, the mulberry leaf extract provided by the invention can be used for mandarin fish culture and has a high culture effect. Meanwhile, the mulberry leaf extract is extracted from plants, and has higher biological safety.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows the effect of mulberry leaf extract on the morphology of mandarin fish intestinal tissue (HE staining);
FIG. 2 shows the effect of mulberry leaf extract on the morphology of mandarin fish liver tissue (HE staining).
Detailed Description
The invention provides a mulberry leaf extract, which contains mulberry leaf polysaccharide and mulberry leaf flavone; the concentration of the mulberry leaf polysaccharide is 350 mg/g-550 mg/g, and the concentration of the mulberry leaf flavone is 30 mg/g-100 mg/g.
The invention provides a preparation method of a mulberry leaf extract, which comprises the following steps:
treating mulberry leaves with petroleum ether to obtain pretreated mulberry leaves;
extracting the pretreated mulberry leaves by using ethanol water solution, and separating liquid phase to obtain the mulberry leaf extract.
In the invention, the feed-liquid ratio of the mulberry leaves to the petroleum ether is preferably 1g:18 to 22mL, more preferably 1g:20mL. The petroleum ether treatment preferably comprises petroleum ether extraction and reflux treatment. The extraction time of the petroleum ether is preferably 10 to 14 hours, and more preferably 12 hours. The time of the reflux treatment is preferably 1.5 to 2.5 hours, and more preferably 2 hours. The temperature of the reflux treatment is preferably 55 to 65 ℃, more preferably 60 ℃. The petroleum ether is used for removing chlorophyll and lipid components from folium Mori.
In the invention, the feed-liquid ratio of the pretreated mulberry leaves to the ethanol water solution is preferably 1g:28 to 32mL, more preferably 1g:30mL. The volume percentage content of the ethanol water solution is preferably 70-80%, and more preferably 75%. The number of extraction with the ethanol aqueous solution is preferably 2 to 3. At each extraction with an aqueous ethanol solution, it is preferable to perform ultrasonic extraction. The time for each ultrasonic extraction is preferably 25-35 min, more preferably 30min. The temperature of each ultrasonic extraction is preferably 38 to 42 ℃, more preferably 40 ℃. The power of each ultrasonic extraction is preferably 30 to 50KHz, more preferably 40Hz.
In the present invention, after extraction, the liquid phases are separated, and after combining the liquid phases, the water is removed. The method for removing water is preferably concentration under reduced pressure or freeze drying. The vacuum concentration condition is preferably 0.1MPa and the temperature is room temperature. The freeze drying conditions are preferably vacuum degree of 0.1MPa and temperature below-40 deg.C.
The invention provides a mandarin fish feed, which comprises the mulberry leaf extract or the mulberry leaf extract prepared by the preparation method and daily ration; the addition amount of the mulberry leaf extract is 0.1-1.0 mg/g daily ration.
The composition and the nutrient level of the daily ration are not particularly limited, and the mandarin fish feed well known in the field can be adopted. The preparation method of the mandarin fish feed is not particularly limited, and the preparation scheme of the feed known in the field is adopted, for example, the mulberry leaf extract and the daily ration are uniformly mixed. The daily feeding rate of the mandarin fish feed is preferably 2-3% of the mandarin fish mass, and more preferably 2.5%.
The invention provides an application of the mulberry leaf extract, the mulberry leaf extract prepared by the preparation method or the mandarin fish feed in mandarin fish culture, wherein the addition amount of the mulberry leaf extract is 0.1-1.0 mg/g daily ration.
In the invention, the mandarin fish culture condition is respectively evaluated from aspects of mandarin fish growth character, body characteristics, liver health, oxidation resistance and intestinal tissue structure. In the aspect of growth traits of the mandarin fish, compared with a control group, the addition of the mulberry leaf extracts of 1g/kg, 5g/kg and 10g/kg in daily ration has no obvious influence on the terminal weight, specific growth rate, weight gain rate, feed coefficient and survival rate of the mandarin fish, but the survival rate of the mandarin fish is gradually improved along with the increase of the addition proportion of the mulberry leaf extracts in the daily ration, and meanwhile, under the condition of the addition of 5g/kg, the weight of the mandarin fish is obviously increased, the yield of the mandarin fish is increased, and the culture economic effect is improved. In the aspect of body characteristics, the feed containing 5g/kg and 10g/kg of mulberry leaf extracts is used for feeding the mandarin fish, the body length of the mandarin fish can be effectively improved, and the viscera body index, the liver body index, the intestinal body index and the fullness are not obviously influenced; the feed containing 10g/kg of mulberry leaf extract can obviously reduce the viscera body index, but has no obvious influence on the liver body index, the intestinal body index and the fullness.
In the invention, the influence of the mulberry leaf extract on the health of the liver is respectively measured on the influence of serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase, glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (the serum transaminase activity is a main index reflecting the damage degree of liver cells) and alkaline phosphatase (playing a role in the absorption and utilization process of aquatic animals on nutrients) on the enzyme activity, the content of total protein, lysozyme and albumin and the morphology of liver tissues under different adding concentrations of the mulberry leaf extract. The result shows that compared with a control group, the feed containing 1g/kg of mulberry leaf extract can obviously reduce the activity of the serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (AST) and the glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (ALT) of the mandarin fish, obviously improve the content of total protein, but has no obvious influence on the activity of Lysozyme (LYZ); the feed containing 5g/kg of mulberry leaf extract can obviously reduce the activity of ALT and LYZ in mandarin fish serum and the content of TP; the feed containing 10g/kg folium Mori extract can remarkably reduce AST and LYZ activity, and remarkably reduce TP content. Meanwhile, the liver health aspect also detects the liver tissue morphology, the phenomenon of liver cell vacuolation can be improved after the mulberry leaf extract is added, the cell morphology is normal, the structures of liver blood sinuses, cell nucleuses and the like are clear, and the phenomena of cell nucleuses vacuolation, cell nucleuses offset aggregation and the like are avoided. This shows that 1g/kg of the feed containing the mulberry leaf extract can improve the liver health of the mandarin fish and also can reduce the production cost.
In terms of antioxidant capacity, the present invention separately evaluates the effects of mulberry leaf extracts on total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), catalase (CAT), reduced Glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA) and total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD). Compared with a control group, the addition of 1g/kg of MLE in the daily ration can obviously improve the activity of T-SOD in the serum of the mandarin fish; the feed containing the mulberry leaf extract of 5g/kg can obviously improve the activity of GSH in the serum of the mandarin fish and obviously reduce the content of MDA; the feed containing 10g/kg of mulberry leaf extract can obviously improve the activity of GSH and the content of MDA in mandarin fish serum, and has no obvious influence on other indexes. This indicates that the mulberry leaf extract can improve the antioxidant capacity of mandarin fish to different degrees.
In the aspect of intestinal tissue structure, the invention evaluates the tissue morphology of the intestinal mucosa of the mandarin fish. The feed containing 10g/kg of mulberry leaf extract increases intestinal folds of the mandarin fish, obviously improves the height and quantity of villi and reduces the intestinal cavity rate. This shows that the addition of 10g/kg of mulberry leaf extract can improve the intestinal health of mandarin fish and promote the absorption of nutrient substances.
Based on the results, the invention provides the application of the mulberry leaf extract or the mulberry leaf extract prepared by the preparation method in promoting the growth of mandarin fish, and the addition amount of the mulberry leaf extract is 0.4-1.0 mg/g daily ration, and more preferably 0.5-1.0 mg/g. The invention also provides application of the mulberry leaf extract or the mulberry leaf extract prepared by the preparation method in improving mandarin fish body, improving antioxidant activity, keeping mandarin fish liver health and improving mandarin fish intestinal nutrient absorption.
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to examples, but it should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
Preparation method of mulberry leaf extract
Firstly, preprocessing a mulberry leaf sample: cleaning fresh folium Mori, sun drying, pulverizing, and sieving with 60 mesh sieve. Putting mulberry leaf sample powder into a flask, adding petroleum ether with the volume 20 times of that of the sample powder, standing at room temperature for 12 hours, performing reflux treatment on the mixture for 2 hours by adopting a water bath at the temperature of 60 ℃, filtering, and leaving filter residues to be air-dried for later use. The mulberry leaf extract extraction steps are as follows: weighing a certain amount of pretreated mulberry leaf powder, placing the mulberry leaf powder into a flask, adding 30 times of 75% ethanol aqueous solution by volume, performing ultrasonic-assisted extraction at 40 ℃, extracting for 30min each time, and repeating for 3 times. Filtering, removing residue, mixing filtrates, concentrating under reduced pressure, and freeze drying to obtain folium Mori extract powder, and storing at 4 deg.C.
The polysaccharide content in the mulberry leaf extract powder is detected by adopting an anthrone-sulfuric acid method, and the flavone content in the mulberry leaf extract powder is detected by adopting a rutin standard curve method.
The result shows that the content of the mulberry leaf polysaccharide is 513.44mg/g; the content of flavonoids in mulberry leaves is 88.23mg/g.
Example 2
Preparation method of mulberry leaf extract
Firstly, preprocessing a mulberry leaf sample: cleaning fresh folium Mori, sun drying, pulverizing, and sieving with 60 mesh sieve. Putting mulberry leaf sample powder into a flask, adding petroleum ether with 18 times volume, standing at room temperature for 10h, performing reflux treatment for 2h by adopting a water bath with the temperature of 55 ℃, filtering, and leaving filter residues to be air-dried for later use. The mulberry leaf extract extraction steps are as follows: weighing a certain amount of the pretreated mulberry leaf powder, placing the mulberry leaf powder in a flask, adding 28 times of 70% ethanol aqueous solution, performing ultrasonic-assisted extraction at 38 ℃, extracting for 30min each time, and repeating for 3 times. Filtering, removing residue, mixing filtrates, concentrating under reduced pressure, and freeze drying to obtain folium Mori extract powder, and storing at 4 deg.C.
The polysaccharide content in the mulberry leaf extract powder is detected by adopting an anthrone-sulfuric acid method, and the flavone content in the mulberry leaf extract powder is detected by adopting a rutin standard curve method.
The result shows that the mulberry leaf polysaccharide content is 428.32mg/g; the content of flavonoids in mulberry leaves is 56.75mg/g.
Example 3
Preparation method of mulberry leaf extract
Firstly, preprocessing a mulberry leaf sample: cleaning fresh folium Mori, sun drying, pulverizing, and sieving with 60 mesh sieve. Putting mulberry leaf sample powder into a flask, adding petroleum ether with the volume 22 times that of the flask, standing at room temperature for 14h, performing reflux treatment on the mixture for 2h by adopting a 65 ℃ water bath, filtering, and leaving filter residues to be air-dried for later use. The mulberry leaf extract extraction steps are as follows: weighing a certain amount of pretreated mulberry leaf powder, placing into a flask, adding 32 times volume of 80% ethanol aqueous solution, performing ultrasonic-assisted extraction at 42 deg.C for 30min, and repeating for 3 times. Filtering, removing residue, mixing filtrates, concentrating under reduced pressure, and freeze drying to obtain folium Mori extract powder, and storing at 4 deg.C.
The polysaccharide content in the mulberry leaf extract powder is detected by adopting an anthrone-sulfuric acid method, and the flavone content in the mulberry leaf extract powder is detected by adopting a rutin standard curve method.
The result shows that the content of the mulberry leaf polysaccharide is 464.8mg/g; the content of flavonoids in folium Mori is 71.5mg/g.
Example 4
Mandarin fish feed containing mulberry leaf extract and preparation method thereof
Preparing basic expanded feed according to the nutritional requirements of the mandarin fish. Since the mulberry leaf extract prepared in example 1 has the highest content of active ingredients, the mulberry leaf extract prepared in example 1 was selected for feed preparation and cultivation experiments. 0 (MLE 0), 1g/kg (MLE 1), 5g/kg (MLE 5) and 10g/kg (MLE 10) of mulberry leaf extract are respectively added into the basic expanded feed to prepare 4 groups of equal-nitrogen-containing fat feeds. The test feed formulations and nutrient levels are shown in table 1. The preparation method of the expanded feed comprises the following steps: firstly, weighing raw materials according to the proportion in the table 1, then uniformly mixing the weighed raw materials, and crushing the raw materials by using an ultrafine crusher to enable all the components to pass through a 250-micron screen; transferring the uniformly mixed raw materials into a modem, introducing 102 ℃ of water vapor for modulation for 8 minutes, and then carrying out extrusion, expansion and granulation at the temperature of 95 ℃; then the feed particles are dried at the temperature of 80 ℃, and the granulated feed is cooled, subpackaged and stored in a refrigerator at the temperature of-20 ℃ for later use (the feed is processed by the generation of Jie big feed Co., ltd., in south Hai, foshan City).
TABLE 1 test feed ingredient composition and Nutrition level (Dry matter basis)
1) Vitamin premix composition (g/kg): VA 20, VD 10, VE 1, VK 2, VB1, VB2, VB5, VB6, nicotinic acid 20, pantothenic acid 20, biotin 1, folic acid 10, VB121, and defatted rice bran 900.
2) Mineral premix composition (g/kg): cuCO 3 4，FeC 6 H 5 O 7 15，MgO 25，MnSO 4 6，KCl 240，ZnSO 4 60,NaCl 50, zeolite powder Zeolite powder 600.
3) The nutrient level is the theoretical calculation.
Example 5
Method for cultivating mandarin fish by using feed prepared in example 4
The mandarin fish used in the test is provided by Sanshui synic aquatic products Limited company in Foshan City, and the mandarin fish fries can normally eat the artificial compound feed after being artificially domesticated.
The cultivation test is carried out in an indoor circulating water cultivation system of a cultivation base of Jie big feed Co., ltd, south Hai of the Foshan city, and the cultivation system consists of 12 cultivation barrels (the effective volume is 400L) and 1 filtering system.
540 mandarin fish (42.35 +/-0.07 g) with strong constitution and uniform size cultivated and domesticated in the same year are selected and randomly divided into 4 groups, each group is provided with 3 repetitions, and each repetition is 45. The method comprises the following steps of firstly carrying out trial culture on the mandarin fish for 14d by using basic compound feed before a formal test, wherein the formal test is a period of 72d, the daily feeding rate is 2-3% of the mass of the mandarin fish, and the following steps are respectively carried out for 1 time each of the following 30. The culture water source is tap water after being filtered, disinfected and aerated, and the culture water temperature is 25-30 ℃ during the test period. Ensuring that the dissolved oxygen in the aquaculture water is 6.0-8.5 mg/L, the pH is 7.2-8.0, the ammonia nitrogen concentration is less than or equal to 0.10mg/L, and the nitrite nitrogen concentration is less than or equal to 0.05mg/L.
Sample collection and preparation
The culture experiment lasted for 10 weeks, and samples were collected after 10 weeks of culture. Before collecting samples, fasting is carried out on the mandarin fish to be tested for 24h, then 15 fishes (5 fishes in each barrel) are randomly taken from each group, after anesthesia is carried out by MS-222, the body length and the body weight are measured, then the mandarin fish is dissected, and the weight of viscera, liver and pancreas and intestinal tracts is respectively measured. Randomly taking 9 fishes (3 fishes in each barrel) in each group, separating intestinal tracts, removing surface fat, respectively taking midgut with the length of about 1cm, fixing the midgut with 3% paraformaldehyde fixing solution, and slicing paraffin tissues; separating liver, and cutting about 0.5cm at the same position 3 The liver of (3%) was fixed with 3% paraformaldehyde fixing solution and used for paraffin tissue section. Randomly collecting 9 fish (3 fish per barrel) from each group, collecting tail vein with injector, standing blood at 4 deg.C for 2 hr, centrifuging at 3000r/min for 10min, collecting upper layer serum, storing in-20 deg.C refrigerator, and collecting supernatantAnd (4) measuring serum immunity indexes, oxidation resistance indexes and enzyme activity.
Index measurement
Growth and body index determination:
the growth index and the body index are measured by reference to literature experimental methods (West Dong, liaochengtai, huangyong, and the like. The influence of mulberry leaf powder added in feed on the growth performance and the meat quality and flavor of grass carp [ J ]. Guangdong agricultural science, 2021,48 (04): 119-130.), and specific calculation formulas I to VIII are as follows:
weight gain ratio (WGR,%) = (W) t -W 0 )/W 0 X 100% of formula I;
fullness (CF, g/cm) 3 )＝W t /L 3 X 100 formula II;
specific growth rate (SGR,%/d) = (lnW) t -lnW 0 ) T × 100% formula III;
visceral index (VSI) = W v /W t X 100% of formula IV;
liver index (HSI)% = W h /W t X 100% of formula V;
intestinal index (VI,%) = W i /W t X 100% of formula VI;
feed Factor (FCR) = F/(W) t -W 0 ) A formula VII;
survival rate (SR,%) = N t /N 0 X 100% of formula VIII.
In the formula, W t And W 0 Respectively the Final Body Weight (FBW) and Initial Body Weight (IBW) (g) of the experimental fish, t is the number of days of culture experiment (d), F is the feed intake (g), N is the number of days of culture experiment 0 And N t The tail number (tail) of the experimental fish at the beginning and the end of the experiment respectively, L is the length (cm) of the fish body, W v The weight of the viscera (g), W h The weight of liver and pancreas (g), W i The intestinal tract weight (g).
Influence of MLE on growth performance of mandarin fish.
Influence of mulberry leaf extract on growth performance and body index of mandarin fish
Compared with a control group, the addition of 1g/kg, 5g/kg and 10g/kg of MLE in the daily ration has no significant influence on the terminal average weight, specific growth rate, weight gain rate, feed coefficient and survival rate of the mandarin fish (p is greater than 0.05), but the survival rate of the mandarin fish is gradually improved along with the increase of the addition proportion of the MLE in the daily ration (Table 2). Compared with a control group, the addition of 1g/kg of MLE in the daily ration has no obvious influence on the body weight of the mandarin fish (p > 0.05); the weight of the mandarin fish can be obviously improved by adding 5g/kg of MLE (p is less than 0.05); addition of 10g/kg of MLE had no significant effect on body weight (p > 0.05) (Table 2).
TABLE 2 influence of mulberry leaf extract on growth performance of mandarin fish
Note: in the same row of data, different lower case letters indicate significant difference (p < 0.05), while the same lower case letters indicate insignificant difference (p > 0.05). The following table is the same.
Effect of MLE on Siniperca Chuatsi
As shown in Table 3, compared with the control group, the addition of 1g/kg of MLE in the daily ration has no significant effect on the body length, the visceral body index, the hepatic body index, the intestinal body index and the fullness of the mandarin fish (p > 0.05); the addition of 5g/kg of MLE can obviously improve the length and the weight of the mandarin fish (p is less than 0.05), but has no obvious influence on the visceral body index, the hepatic body index, the intestinal body index and the fullness (p is more than 0.05); the addition of 10g/kg of MLE can obviously improve the body length of the mandarin fish and obviously reduce the visceral body index (p < 0.05), but has no obvious influence on the body weight, the hepatic body index, the intestinal body index and the fullness (p > 0.05). As the MLE addition rate in the diets increased, the visceral body index of mandarin fish decreased gradually, with the lowest visceral body index at 10g/kg addition and was significantly lower than the other groups (p < 0.05) (table 3).
TABLE 3 influence of mulberry leaf extract on Siniperca Chuatsi body indices
And (3) measuring an antioxidant index:
the antioxidant indexes of total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), catalase (CAT), total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced Glutathione (GSH) and the like of serum are all determined by adopting a kit of Nanjing institute of bioengineering, and the specific determination method is carried out according to the instruction of each kit.
Influence of MLE on serum immunity index of mandarin fish
Compared with a control, the addition of 1g/kg of MLE in the daily ration can obviously reduce the activities (p < 0.05) of the serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (AST) and glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (ALT) of the mandarin fish, obviously improve the content (p < 0.05) of Total Protein (TP), but has no obvious influence (p > 0.05) on the activity of Lysozyme (LYZ); the addition of 5g/kg of MLE remarkably reduces the activity of ALT and LYZ in mandarin fish serum (p < 0.05), remarkably reduces the content of TP (p < 0.05), but has no remarkable influence on the activity of AST (p > 0.05); the addition of 10g/kg of MLE significantly reduced AST and LYZ activity (p < 0.05), significantly reduced TP content (p < 0.05), but had no significant effect on ALT activity (p > 0.05); furthermore, the addition of 1g/kg, 5g/kg and 10g/kg of MLE had no significant effect on AKP activity and ALB content (p > 0.05) (Table 4).
TABLE 4 influence of folium Mori extract on the serum immunoenzyme activity of Siniperca Chuatsi
And (3) measuring immune indexes:
the kit (Nanjing institute of bioengineering) is used for measuring immune indexes such as serum Albumin (ALB), total Protein (TP), alkaline phosphatase (AKP), alanine Aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate Aminotransferase (AST), lysozyme (LZM) and the like, and the specific measurement method refers to the kit specification.
Influence of MLE on antioxidant capacity of mandarin fish serum
Compared with a control group, the addition of 1g/kg of MLE in the daily ration can obviously improve the content of Malondialdehyde (MDA) and the activity of total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) (p is less than 0.05) in the serum of the mandarin fish, and obviously reduce the activity of total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) and reductive Glutathione (GSH) (p is less than 0.05) in the serum of the mandarin fish; the addition of 5g/kg of MLE can obviously improve the activity of GSH in the serum of the mandarin fish (p < 0.05), obviously reduce the content of MDA (p < 0.05), but has no obvious influence on the activities of T-AOC and T-SOD (p > 0.05); the addition of 10g/kg of MLE can obviously improve the activity of GSH and the content of MDA (p is less than 0.05) in the serum of the mandarin fish, but has no obvious influence on the activities of T-AOC and T-SOD (p is more than 0.05); whereas the addition of 1g/kg, 5g/kg and 10g/kg of MLE to the diets, respectively, had no significant effect on the Catalase (CAT) activity (p > 0.05) (Table 5).
TABLE 5 influence of folium Mori extract on antioxidant index of mandarin fish serum
Preparation and observation of intestinal tract and liver HE stained tissue sections:
taking the intestinal tract and liver tissues fixed by the paraformaldehyde solution, making a conventional paraffin section with the thickness of 6 mu m, and staining with hematoxylin-eosin (HE). The slices were scanned and photographed using a panoramic slice digital scanner (PANNOROAMIC-1000, 3 DHISTECH) and the slice tissue photographs were taken using CaseViewer2.2 (3 DHISTECH) software. After completion of the screenshots, intestinal villus height, villus width and muscle layer thickness were measured using Image-Pro Plus 6.0 (Media Cybemetics) analysis software, respectively.
Data processing and statistical analysis
The test results are all shown as mean ± standard deviation (mean ± SD), and the analysis of significance of difference is compared with one-way ANOVA (one-way ANOVA) and Duncan's multiple comparison test in SPSS 26.0 software, where P <0.05 indicates significant difference.
Influence of MLE on liver and intestinal tissue structure of mandarin fish
As shown in figure 1, the intestinal mucosa tissues of the mandarin fish in the control group are clear, the structure is complete, the arrangement is orderly, and the phenomena of disorder and falling-off are avoided. With the increase of the MLE concentration, the intestinal folds of the mandarin fish are increased, the height of villi is increased, the quantity of the villi is increased, and the intestinal cavity rate is reduced. Further statistical analysis revealed that the villus height was significantly higher than the control group (p < 0.05) when MLE was added at a concentration of 10 g/kg; while there were no significant differences in villus width and muscle layer thickness between groups (p > 0.05) (table 6).
TABLE 6 influence of mulberry leaf extract on the height of villi, width of villi and thickness of muscular layer in the intestinal tract of mandarin fish
As shown in FIG. 2, the liver tissue sections of mandarin fish in each group have the advantages of regular arrangement of hepatocytes, clear boundary between nucleus and cell membrane, vacuolation of hepatocytes, and little fat accumulation in cells. After the MLE with different concentrations is added, the phenomenon of vacuolation of liver cells can be improved, the cell morphology is normal, structures of liver blood sinuses, cell nucleuses and the like are clear, the phenomena of vacuolation of cell nucleuses, migration and aggregation of cell nucleuses and the like are avoided, and particularly, 1g/kg of MLE is added.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A mulberry leaf extract is characterized by comprising mulberry leaf polysaccharide and mulberry leaf flavone;
the concentration of the mulberry leaf polysaccharide is 350 mg/g-550 mg/g, and the concentration of the mulberry leaf flavone is 30 mg/g-100 mg/g.
2. A method for preparing the mulberry leaf extract of claim 1, which comprises the following steps:
treating mulberry leaves with petroleum ether to obtain pretreated mulberry leaves;
extracting the pretreated mulberry leaves with an ethanol water solution, and separating a liquid phase to obtain a mulberry leaf extract.
3. The preparation method according to claim 2, wherein the feed-liquid ratio of the mulberry leaves to the petroleum ether is 1g:18 to 22mL.
4. The production method according to claim 2, wherein the petroleum ether treatment comprises petroleum ether extraction and reflux treatment;
the extraction time of the petroleum ether is 10-14 h;
the time of the reflux treatment is 1.5-2.5 h, and the temperature of the reflux treatment is 55-65 ℃.
5. The preparation method according to claim 2, wherein the feed-liquid ratio of the pretreated mulberry leaves to the ethanol aqueous solution is 1g: 28-32 mL;
the volume percentage content of the ethanol water solution is 70-80%.
6. The method according to any one of claims 2 to 5, wherein the number of times of the extraction with the aqueous ethanol solution is 2 to 3;
extracting with ultrasound every time of extracting with ethanol water solution;
the time of ultrasonic extraction is 25-35 min each time; the temperature of each ultrasonic extraction is 38-42 ℃; the power of each ultrasonic extraction is 30-50 KHz.
7. A feed for mandarin fish, comprising the mulberry leaf extract of claim 1 or the mulberry leaf extract prepared by the method of any one of claims 2 to 6 and a ration;
the addition amount of the mulberry leaf extract is 0.1-1.0 mg/g daily ration.
8. The mulberry leaf extract as defined in claim 1, the mulberry leaf extract prepared by the preparation method as defined in any one of claims 2 to 6, or the mandarin fish feed as defined in claim 7, wherein the mulberry leaf extract is added in an amount of 0.1 to 1.0mg/g ration.
9. The use of the mulberry leaf extract of claim 1 or the mulberry leaf extract prepared by the preparation method of any one of claims 2 to 6 for promoting the growth of mandarin fish, wherein the addition amount of the mulberry leaf extract is 0.4 to 0.6mg/g daily ration.
10. The use of the mulberry leaf extract of claim 1 or the mulberry leaf extract prepared by the preparation method of any one of claims 2 to 6 in any one of improvement of mandarin fish body shape, improvement of antioxidant activity, improvement of liver and intestinal health and improvement of absorption capacity of nutrients in mandarin fish intestinal tract, wherein the mulberry leaf extract is added in an amount of 0.1 to 1.0mg/g daily ration.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210972974.0A CN115316497B (en) | 2022-08-15 | 2022-08-15 | Mulberry leaf extract, mandarin fish feed and application thereof |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210972974.0A CN115316497B (en) | 2022-08-15 | 2022-08-15 | Mulberry leaf extract, mandarin fish feed and application thereof |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN115316497A true CN115316497A (en) | 2022-11-11 |
| CN115316497B CN115316497B (en) | 2023-05-09 |
Family
ID=83924009
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210972974.0A Active CN115316497B (en) | 2022-08-15 | 2022-08-15 | Mulberry leaf extract, mandarin fish feed and application thereof |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN115316497B (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115316555A (en) * | 2022-07-01 | 2022-11-11 | 内江师范学院 | Feed for eliminating heavy metal cadmium in crucian body |
Citations (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105249002A (en) * | 2015-10-22 | 2016-01-20 | 安徽孔津湖农业开发有限公司 | Feed for adult mandarin fish |
| CN107372392A (en) * | 2017-08-02 | 2017-11-24 | 安徽杰邦智能体育用品科技有限公司 | Special bait of mandarin fish and preparation method thereof |
| KR101949153B1 (en) * | 2018-08-13 | 2019-02-18 | 충남대학교산학협력단 | A pharmaceutical composition comprising viscozyme treated extract of Morus alba leaves for preventing or treating diabetes mellitus |
| CN110604223A (en) * | 2019-10-31 | 2019-12-24 | 广西壮族自治区水牛研究所 | Application of mulberry leaf extract in promoting milk secretion of buffalo |
| CN110692811A (en) * | 2019-07-16 | 2020-01-17 | 安徽科技学院 | Compound feed for mandarin fish culture and preparation method thereof |
| CN111533680A (en) * | 2020-05-28 | 2020-08-14 | 成都医学院 | Folium Mori extract and folium Mori multicomponent mixture with blood sugar lowering effect prepared from the same |
| CN111903877A (en) * | 2020-09-04 | 2020-11-10 | 镇江金山湖农业发展有限公司 | Mandarin fish food promoting preparation and use method thereof |
| CN113040290A (en) * | 2021-04-01 | 2021-06-29 | 广东省农业科学院蚕业与农产品加工研究所 | High-efficiency weever feed based on mulberry leaf functional components and preparation method thereof |
-
2022
- 2022-08-15 CN CN202210972974.0A patent/CN115316497B/en active Active
Patent Citations (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105249002A (en) * | 2015-10-22 | 2016-01-20 | 安徽孔津湖农业开发有限公司 | Feed for adult mandarin fish |
| CN107372392A (en) * | 2017-08-02 | 2017-11-24 | 安徽杰邦智能体育用品科技有限公司 | Special bait of mandarin fish and preparation method thereof |
| KR101949153B1 (en) * | 2018-08-13 | 2019-02-18 | 충남대학교산학협력단 | A pharmaceutical composition comprising viscozyme treated extract of Morus alba leaves for preventing or treating diabetes mellitus |
| CN110692811A (en) * | 2019-07-16 | 2020-01-17 | 安徽科技学院 | Compound feed for mandarin fish culture and preparation method thereof |
| CN110604223A (en) * | 2019-10-31 | 2019-12-24 | 广西壮族自治区水牛研究所 | Application of mulberry leaf extract in promoting milk secretion of buffalo |
| CN111533680A (en) * | 2020-05-28 | 2020-08-14 | 成都医学院 | Folium Mori extract and folium Mori multicomponent mixture with blood sugar lowering effect prepared from the same |
| CN111903877A (en) * | 2020-09-04 | 2020-11-10 | 镇江金山湖农业发展有限公司 | Mandarin fish food promoting preparation and use method thereof |
| CN113040290A (en) * | 2021-04-01 | 2021-06-29 | 广东省农业科学院蚕业与农产品加工研究所 | High-efficiency weever feed based on mulberry leaf functional components and preparation method thereof |
Non-Patent Citations (4)
| Title |
|---|
| 杨继华;曹俊明;陈冰;黄燕华;孙育平;王国霞;: "桑叶黄酮类化合物提取纯化、生物学功能研究进展", 广东畜牧兽医科技 * |
| 杨继华;陈冰;黄燕华;曹俊明;王国霞;孙育平;陈晓瑛;: "饲料中添加桑叶黄酮对吉富罗非鱼生长性能、体成分、抗氧化指标及抗亚硝酸盐应激能力的影响", 动物营养学报 * |
| 王咏梅;陈冰;王国霞;曹俊明;黄燕华;莫文艳;彭凯;赵红霞;: "饲料中添加桑叶黄酮对凡纳滨对虾生长性能、抗氧化指标及抗胁迫能力的影响", 中国水产科学 * |
| 黄静;邝哲师;廖森泰;赵祥杰;潘木水;: "桑叶粉和发酵桑叶粉对胡须鸡生长性能、血清生化指标及抗氧化指标的影响", 动物营养学报 * |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115316555A (en) * | 2022-07-01 | 2022-11-11 | 内江师范学院 | Feed for eliminating heavy metal cadmium in crucian body |
| CN115316555B (en) * | 2022-07-01 | 2023-08-18 | 内江师范学院 | Feed for eliminating heavy metal cadmium in crucian bodies |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN115316497B (en) | 2023-05-09 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN102150757B (en) | Aquatic product feed additive composition, preparation method and application thereof | |
| CN102132767B (en) | Curcumin or curcumin-ramification-containing composite feed additive and use thereof | |
| Tan et al. | The effects of dietary Lycium barbarum extract on growth performance, liver health and immune related genes expression in hybrid grouper (Epinephelus lanceolatus♂× E. fuscoguttatus♀) fed high lipid diets | |
| WO1995034218A1 (en) | Feed containing crude drug | |
| Zhang et al. | Effects of Glycyrrhiza polysaccharide in diet on growth performance, serum antioxidant capacity, and biochemistry of broilers | |
| Shapawi et al. | Improving dietary red seaweed Kappaphycus alvarezii (Doty) Doty ex. P. Silva meal utilization in Asian seabass Lates calcarifer | |
| CN115316497B (en) | Mulberry leaf extract, mandarin fish feed and application thereof | |
| Peng et al. | Dietary condensed tannins improved growth performance and antioxidant function but impaired intestinal morphology of Litopenaeus vannamei | |
| Yu et al. | Dietary chlorella (Chlorella vulgaris) supplementation effectively improves body color, alleviates muscle inflammation and inhibits apoptosis in largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) | |
| WO2022100004A1 (en) | Feed for enhancing immunity of tilapia, and preparation method therefor | |
| Xu et al. | Effects of Elephantopus scaber extract on growth, proximate composition, immunity, intestinal microbiota and resistance of the GIFT strain of Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus to Streptococcus agalactiae | |
| Huang et al. | Lycium barbarum polysaccharides improve lipid metabolism disorders of spotted sea bass Lateolabrax maculatus induced by high lipid diet | |
| Peng et al. | Condensed tannins improve glycolipid metabolism but induce liver injury of Chinese seabass (Lateolabrax maculatus) | |
| Mapanao et al. | The effect of banana blossom on growth performance, immune response, disease resistance, and anti-hypothermal stress of Macrobrachium rosenbergii | |
| CN105028978A (en) | Feed additive capable of improving intestinal function of grass carps and application of feed additive | |
| CN115252681B (en) | Chinese herbal medicine composition for preventing carassius auratus gibelio overwintering syndrome and preparation and application thereof | |
| CN114903128B (en) | Crayfish compound feed and preparation method thereof | |
| CN106036173A (en) | Duckling feed additive used in spring | |
| Labh | Expression of immune genes and stress enzyme profiles of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fed Moringa oleifera leaf meal (MLM) | |
| KR101542882B1 (en) | A composition for prevention and treatment of fish viral hemorrhagic septicemia containing extracts of Ecklonia cava | |
| CN110477209A (en) | A kind of broiler fodder enhancing immunity of meat chickens | |
| Wang et al. | Effects of dietary proanthocyanidins supplementation on growth performance, digestive enzymes activities and microbiota in the intestine of juvenile American eels (Anguilla rostrata) cultured in cement tanks | |
| CN110477208A (en) | A kind of broiler fodder improving chicken meat quality | |
| CN108853343A (en) | It is a kind of to prevent and treat the Chinese materia medica preparation of chicken mycotoxicosis, preparation method and application | |
| CN113100329B (en) | Feed additive containing berberine hydrochloride, preparation method and application of feed additive in prevention and treatment of laying hen fatty liver |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |