CN110692784A - 一种养生保健沙棘茶及其改性方法 - Google Patents
一种养生保健沙棘茶及其改性方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及日常饮料用品技术领域,尤其是涉及一种保健沙棘茶改性方法及其改性后生物活性变化程度。一种保健沙棘茶的改性方法,对沙棘叶予以高温干燥杀青处理。本发明将沙棘叶进行晾晒、杀青、反复揉搓、初炒、复炒,不仅保留了沙棘叶有效成分的化学结构,还对提升沙棘茶的抗氧化性、免疫调节能力有较好的效果。很大程度上保留了沙棘叶茶的生物活性及独特风味,又掩盖了沙棘叶本身存在的不爽味道,具有茶叶所共有的提神、解渴等功效;且通过灭活提高了保存期限,更加有益于人体的保健。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及日常饮料用品技术领域,尤其是涉及一种养生保健沙棘茶及其改性方法。
技术背景
植物沙棘分属于胡颓子科沙棘属,与其果实统称为沙棘,形态为小乔木或落叶性灌木,在国内主要分布于华北、西北、西南等地区。近年来,人们对寻找具有抗氧化、抗炎、抗菌和抗肿瘤等活性的天然化合物有着广泛的兴趣,在多种多样的天然资源中,沙棘作为一种多用途的营养植物引起了人们的广泛兴趣,有资料称沙棘全身都是宝,它的叶片、根茎以及沙棘果中存在着许多生理活性物质。
我国利用沙棘较早,在已有的国内研究中,康莹等人利用UPLC-LTQ Orbitrap MS对沙棘叶中的化学成分进行了分析,最终大致确定了26 种化合物,大部分是以黄酮类化合物为主,而黄酮类化合物是生活中多为人知的常见的抗氧化物质;金钟、包怡红等人也分别对沙棘叶的黄酮提取物和多糖进行了抗氧化性研究,结果都证明了沙棘叶具有比较好的抗氧化活性;张益娜通过滤纸片法研究了沙棘叶的抑菌活性,最终结果表明沙棘叶中的黄酮类物质对金葡球菌、枯草杆菌及大肠杆菌等都有良好的抑制作用。
国外也有很多关于沙棘叶的各方面研究,Kim评价了沙棘叶的抗氧化活性及对葡萄苷酶的抑制活性,最后发现在正丁醇部位显示出了较好的自由基清除效率以及较强的抑制葡萄苷酶活性;自由基清除活性测定的结果显示,70%的乙醇提取物对DPPH和羟基自由基清除率的IC50值分别为70.92pg/ml和0.463mg/ml,同时此醇提取物还具有较强的抗脂质过氧化水平。G.T.Zhamanbaeva等人也对沙棘叶乙醇提取物的抗肿瘤活性进行了研究,结果表明,沙棘叶的乙醇提取物可以诱导细胞凋亡,抑制细胞的增殖,使G1期细胞的数量下降,同时也会增加S期细胞的积累,从而缩短了细胞的分裂周期。
目前,国内科研单位开发利用沙棘叶,先后研制成功了沙棘绿茶、红茶、玉兰沙棘茶、茉莉沙棘茶等不同品种的复合型沙棘叶保健茶;严娅等人通过正交试验,针对沙棘叶的采摘期、杀青方式进行研究,得出生长期越长,沙棘叶中的营养物质会逐渐积累,但叶片会随生长而不断地减少水分,综合营养含量及水分的均衡,以9月份为最佳采摘期,并且确定了微波杀青的最佳参数为投放叶量为40g、时间为90s、微波(1200W)火力为60%,此条件获得的沙棘叶色泽青翠且具有怡人的清香。在大量关于沙棘叶茶制备的文献或报道中,各类沙棘叶茶的制备工艺一般都分为如下几步:采叶(采收沙棘嫩叶)、杀青(抑制酶促氧化反应)、揉捻(使叶子自然松散)、初炒(使其变软且富有弹性)、复炒(提高茶叶质量)、干燥并且最好进行真空包装(防止变质也便于储藏),最终所制得的冲泡制品营养丰富,生物活性也有所提升并通过灭活提高了保存期限,既保留了沙棘叶茶的独特风味,又掩盖了沙棘叶本身存在的不爽味道,且具有茶叶所共有的提神、解渴等功效,故在保健茶市场上有一定的竞争力。
从营养价值及药用价值角度来看,沙棘叶制成保健茶或许可以用来预防和治疗心血管系统疾病,也有可能具备抗肿瘤、抗病毒、杀菌消炎、抗衰老以及降血脂、改善消化系统和免疫系统等药理功效,极具经济价值和发展潜能,不仅为沙棘茶的开发提供了广阔的发展前景,同时也降低了对沙棘叶的资源浪费。
发明内容
本专利主要提供一种克服传统工艺缺陷、提升茶品口感且对饮用者身体更加有益的养生保健沙棘茶及其改性方法,使其在保健茶市场有一定的竞争力。
一种如权利要求1所述的养生保健沙棘茶,其特征在于按如下步骤进行:
(1)选取新鲜的沙棘叶进行晾晒,之后进行高温杀青,温度约在180~200℃,时间为4~5min,接着对沙棘叶进行反复的揉搓,然后对初具形态的沙棘叶进行初炒,再重复炒制。
(2)热水回流法提取沙棘叶化学成分,共提取两次,先按1:10的料液比加入水,水浴回流2h,将水提液倒入烧杯;再按1:8的料液比,水浴回流1.5h;将两次水提液合并。进行旋蒸,冷冻成固体,再放入冷冻干燥机,得到水提物粉末。
(3)用Al(NO3)3法测定沙棘叶总黄酮的含量,得出杀青前总黄酮含量为32.72 ±2.97mg/g,杀青后35.40±2.18mg/g。通过液相色谱检测结果表明,杀青后沙棘叶的各化学成分的含量都有所增加,含有二氢杨梅素、木犀草素等黄酮类物质。
(4)采用苯酚-硫酸法测得杀青前多糖含量为201.68±9.36mg/g,杀青后181.96±19.21mg/g。
(5)根据红外基团特征峰对照表对其进行分析发现杀青前后主要基团并无明显变化。
(6)抗氧化活性的实验结果表明杀青后沙棘叶水提取物杀青前对羟基及DPPH自由基清除能力的IC50分别为0.670mg/mL、6.146µg/mL,杀青后的IC50分别为0.522mg/mL、5.585µg/mL,可以明显看出杀青后抗氧化能力有所提升。
(7)沙棘叶水提取物对RAW264.7细胞增殖能力的影响通过MTT分析进行评估。结果表明,杀青前和杀青后水提取物浓度在25~100μg/mL范围内均能促进RAW264.7细胞的增殖(P<0.05)。杀青前水提取物浓度为50μg/mL细胞增殖作用最强,杀青后水提取物浓度为25μg/mL细胞增殖作用最强,杀青后较杀青前略有提升。
(8)通过滤纸法来测定沙棘叶水提物的抑菌作用,试验发现在低浓度时,杀青前后沙棘叶对菌种都无抑制作用,增加浓度至200mg/mL时,出现抑菌圈,但直径不大,故认为两者的最低抑菌浓度(MIC)为200mg/mL。
(9)通过碘-淀粉显色法测定沙棘叶水提物对α-淀粉酶的抑制作用,杀青前后IC50分别为31.77mg/mL、33.15mg/mL,可以看出杀青工艺对其抑制作用没有明显的效果。
附图说明
图1是沙棘叶保健茶制备流程;图2是混标HPLC色谱图;图3是杀青前沙棘叶水提物的HPLC色谱图;图4是杀青后沙棘叶水提物的HPLC色谱图;图5是杀青前和杀青后沙棘叶多糖的红外光谱图;图6是杀青前后沙棘叶水提物及Vc的还原能力测定图;图7是杀青前后沙棘叶水提物及Vc的羟基自由基清除能力测定图;图8是杀青前后沙棘叶水提物的DPPH自由基清除能力测定图;图9是杀青前杀青后水提取物对RAW264.7细胞吞噬能力测定图;图10是杀青前后沙棘叶水提物对α-淀粉酶抑制作用测定图。
具体实施方式
以下结合图表和具体实施操作对本发明作具体的介绍。
实施方案一沙棘茶保健茶制备工艺
参照已有的保健茶制备工艺,以及各类杀青工艺的研究结果,本试验最终总结制备流程大致如下:
如图1所示,首先需要选取新鲜的沙棘叶嫩叶,将收集的嫩叶摊放,使嫩叶中的水分散失,同时也可除去植物叶子特有的青臭味;之后进行高温杀青,温度约在180~200℃,在高温条件下,沙棘叶中的各种酶将会遭到破坏,从而达到有效抑制酶促氧化反应的效果,也对提高保健茶的品质起到一定的促进作用;接着对杀青后的沙棘叶进行反复的揉搓,这时沙棘叶会逐渐成型,呈现出叶身细小、两端成针尖状这一常见的茶叶形状;然后对初具形态的沙棘叶进行初炒,茶叶本身会变得更富有弹性,再重复一次炒制,沙棘叶独特的茶香便会散发出来;最后将其干燥,装入真空袋内密封保存,以此防止茶叶受潮变质。
实施方案二成分提取
本专利利用热水回流提取法提取杀青前后沙棘叶中的化学成分,如黄酮和多糖等。称取一定质量的干燥沙棘叶,装入圆底烧瓶中,共提取两次,先按1:10的料液比加入水,水浴回流2h,将水提液倒入烧杯;再按1:8的料液比加入水,水浴回流1.5h,倒出水提液;将两次水提液合并。之后进行旋蒸,蒸至液体较浓稠状态后倒入蒸发皿中;低温冷冻成固体,再放入冷冻干燥机中干燥,最终得到水提物粉末,低温储存备用。
实施方案三含量测定
(1)总黄酮含量
将沙棘叶的水提物粉末溶于一定体积的70%乙醇中,5000r离心10min,上清液作为沙棘叶总黄酮含量测定的原液。取原液1mL加入到25 mL容量瓶中,加入5%的NaNO2溶液0.3 mL,10%Al(NO3)3的水溶液0.3mL,震荡摇匀,静置6 min,使其充分反应;再加入4%NaOH的水溶液4mL,静置10min;之后用70%乙醇溶液定容至25mL,充分摇晃;以不加样品为空白参比进行空白调零,在510 nm波长处,使用分光光度计测待测样品的吸光度。
把待测样液的吸光度值带入芦丁标准曲线Y=9.27x-0.001(R2=0.9998),测定沙棘叶总黄酮的浓度(mg/mL),根据公式计算沙棘叶总黄酮的含量(mg/g)。
(2)多糖含量测定
将沙棘叶的水提物粉末溶于一定体积的蒸馏水中,5000r离心10min,上清液作为沙棘叶多糖含量测定的原液。取原液0.5mL置于试管中,再加入5%的苯酚溶液1mL和浓硫酸3.5mL,震荡摇匀,以不加样品为空白参比进行空白调零,在40℃温度下水浴保温30min,然后取出放至室温,在490nm波长处测待测样品的吸光度值。通过葡萄糖标准曲线方程Y=7.09x-0.0602(R2=0.9996),计算沙棘叶多糖的含量(mg/g)。
(3)含量变化
可以看出,杀青工艺对沙棘叶的成分含量有一定的影响,其中,杀青后总黄酮的含量有所增加,多糖的含量下降幅度稍大。
实施方案四样品纯化
选用AB-8型大孔吸附树脂对样品进行吸附纯化,纯化步骤具体如下:首先采用湿法装柱,将处理好的树脂装入柱内,用蒸馏水洗至无醇味,然后将配好的样液以2mL/min的流速装入柱内,静置吸附2h;吸附完成之后,先用蒸馏水洗脱至洗脱液中不含多糖(用苯酚-硫酸法检测是否含有多糖),接着用4倍柱体积的80%乙醇溶液进行洗脱,流速为3mL/min,将黄酮洗脱下来。之后,将醇洗脱液经旋蒸、干燥成粉末,低温储存,备用;将水洗脱液透析24h,并旋蒸、冷冻干燥成粉末,低温储存备用。
实施方案五 HPLC法分析化学成分变化
取纯化后的干燥粉末5mg,精密称定,置于小玻璃瓶中,用5mL的甲醇溶解、过滤,得浓度约为1mg/mL的待测溶液,低温保存、待用。
先精密称定芦丁、木犀草素、槲皮素、异鼠李素、二氢杨梅素等9种标准品,分别用甲醇配置浓度约为0.1µg /mL的各标准品的标准溶液5mL,通过液相得各标准品的单个色谱图;通过计算,精密称定一定质量的各标准品,置于同一小玻璃瓶中,用5mL的甲醇溶解、过滤,得到各标准品的浓度约为0.1µg /mL的混标溶液,利用液相得混标的色谱图,如图2。
在图2混标色谱图中,将各个色谱峰与单独的各标准品的保留时间做对照,大致推测从左往右各色谱峰代表的化合物分别是:二氢杨梅素(10.333min)、芦丁(12.017min)、异槲皮苷(13.700min)、木犀草素(26.830min)、芹菜素(32.280min)、山奈酚(33.617min)、异鼠李素(34.313min)、甘草酸(36.470min)和芒柄花素(37.817min)。
对比图3图4杀青前后的色谱图,峰的数量有所增加,同浓度的样品溶液,在同一保留时间下,峰面积增大,表明杀青后沙棘叶的化学成分在含量上确实有所增加,这与总黄酮含量测定结果一致;再将沙棘叶的色谱图与混标色谱图进行对比,发现杀青前保留时间在10.213min和杀青后保留时间在10.190min的化合物可能是二氢杨梅素;杀青前后保留时间分别在13.690min和13.723min的化合物可能是木犀草素。
实施方案六红外光谱分析化学成分变化
取水洗脱液干燥得到的粉末约1mg,再称取200mg的干燥溴化钾,置于玛瑙研钵中研磨,混合均匀;将混合物放入模具,注意平铺时不要太厚,然后用压片机进行压片;压片完成后,将内套放入红外光谱仪中,在4000~400cm-1范围内进行检测,然后输出光谱图,根据红外基团特征峰对照表对其进行分析。
整体来看,杀青前后沙棘叶中多糖成分的各种基团无明显变化。与红外各基团特征峰对照表作对比,由图5可知,两者在3550~3200cm-1之间存在伸缩峰,而羟基形成氢键的缔合峰在该区间,表明两者都存在羟基,可能化学结构中是醇羟基或酚羟基;在3000~2700cm-1之间有伸缩振动区,表明化学成分中含有C-H键,根据波数推测可能存在甲基或者亚甲基;在1690~1500cm-1之间有吸收峰,表明两者含有不饱和的双键,可能存在烯烃,有苯环骨架的存在;在1475~1000cm-1之间有弯内振动或伸缩振动,表明会有X-H或X-Y基团的存在,推测图中1500cm-1附近的比较可能是C-H键的烷基;而1000cm-1附近的可能是C-O-C键,故结构中可能含有醚键,这些官能团是多糖化合物中的常见基团。通过杀青前后2个光谱图的比较,主要官能团变化不大,则说明黄酮和多糖化合物的结构没有太大变化。
实施方案七体外抗氧化能力测定实验
通过体外抗氧化能力测定实验评估沙棘叶杀青前后水提物的抗氧化能力。
(1)还原能力测定
配制质量浓度(mg/mL)分别为0.2、0.3、0.4、0.5、0.6的沙棘叶水提物溶液。取各浓度的待测样品0.5mL,与2.5mL的PBS溶液(浓度为0.2mol/L,PH值为6.6)混合,然后加入1%的铁氰化钾溶液2.5mL,混匀;将混合液在50℃温度下水浴保温20min,之后加入10%的三氯乙酸溶液2.5mL,3000r离心10min;取上层清液2.5mL,加入0.1%的三氯化铁溶液0.5mL和纯水2.5mL,混合均匀,在700nm波长处测吸光值。平行三组实验,取平均值。以Vc为阳性对照,适当调整Vc的溶液浓度,按上述方法测其吸光度。之后根据吸光度值的大小比较沙棘叶杀青前后和Vc的还原能力强弱。
图6可以看出,随着沙棘叶水提物和Vc的溶液浓度的增大,各自的还原能力也逐渐提高。此外,在低浓度时Vc表现出较强的还原能力,而沙棘叶水提物的还原能力很弱,很难表现出来;在同浓度情况下,杀青后沙棘叶水提物的还原能力相对于杀青前有所提高,且随浓度升高,还原能力增强的较明显,但两者的还原能力均低于Vc的还原能力。虽然沙棘叶水提物的还原能力比不上Vc,但也是有一定的效果,这也说明了沙棘叶还是具备一定的抗氧化性,而且杀青这一工序对沙棘叶的抗氧化性有一定的益处。
(2)羟基自由基清除能力
首先配制质量浓度(mg/mL)分别为0.4、0.5、0.6、0.7、0.8的沙棘叶水提物溶液。然后取0.75 mM/L的邻二氮菲1 mL于试管中,依次加入PBS溶液(pH 7.4)2mL,蒸馏水1mL;充分混匀后,加入0.75mM/L 的硫酸亚铁1mL,混匀;再加入质量分数为0.12%的H2O2 1mL,37℃水浴30 min;于536 nm波长处测定其吸光度值Ap。将之前的H2O2换为蒸馏水,其他不变,测定其吸光度为Ab值;再取不同浓度的待测样品代替蒸馏水,其他条件不变,测得样品组的吸光度值为As。以Vc为阳性对照,适当调整Vc的溶液浓度,按上述方法测其吸光度。
图7可以看出,随着浓度的升高,沙棘叶水提物的溶液对羟基自由基的清除能力也随之升高。在低浓度时,杀青前后的沙棘叶水提物表现出的羟基自由基清除能力均强于Vc,并且杀青后的清除能力比杀青前的有比较明显的提高。通过使用SPSS进行模拟计算,可得出杀青前沙棘叶水提物的IC50=0.670mg/mL,杀青后沙棘叶水提物的IC50=0.522mg/mL,Vc的IC50=1.858mg/mL。因此,对比之下,从羟基清除能力方面来看,沙棘叶的抗氧化性还是比较好的,而且杀青后相对提高了沙棘叶的羟基清除能力,所以也说明了杀青工艺对于制备沙棘叶保健茶来说是十分重要的一道工序。
(3)DPPH自由基清除能力
避光条件下配制0.1mM/L的DPPH无水乙醇溶液(最好是现用现配),然后配制质量浓度(µg /mL)分别为1、5、10、15、20的沙棘叶水提物溶液;取待测样品2mL于试管中,加入等体积的DPPH溶液,混匀后,在室温下避光反应30min,在517nm波长处测定吸光度值为Ai,并以2mL无水乙醇和2mL蒸馏水混合液作为空白调零;以2mL DPPH溶液加上2mL无水乙醇为模型对照组,其吸光值为A0。同样以Vc为阳性对照,适当调整Vc的溶液浓度,按上述方法测定其吸光度值。
从图8可以看出,随着沙棘叶水提物和Vc的溶液浓度的增大,对DPPH自由基的清除能力也逐渐增大。低浓度情况下杀青前后的沙棘叶与Vc对DPPH自由基的清除能力相差不多,而增大浓度后,杀青后的沙棘叶的清除能力较杀青前的有少许提升,但两者的清除能力均低于Vc较多。通过使用SPSS进行模拟计算,可得出杀青前沙棘叶水提物的IC50=6.146µg /mL,杀青后沙棘叶水提物的IC50=5.585µg /mL,Vc的IC50=2.004µg /mL。
综合以上三个抗氧化体系的实验结果,表明杀青工序对于提升沙棘叶的抗氧化生物活性是有较好作用的,故杀青工序作为制备保健茶的第一步并且也是关键的步骤。
实施方案八免疫活性的测定
水提取物对RAW264.7细胞增殖能力的影响通过MTT分析进行评估。将细胞悬浮于培养基中,以1×105 cell/孔的密度接种于96孔板中,并孵育(37℃,5% CO2)12小时。将样品以不同浓度(25、50、100、200、400、800 μg/mL)溶解于培养基中并施加到细胞上。脂多糖(LPS,25 μg/mL)和不添加多糖的完整培养基分别为阳性和空白对照。培养24小时后,向每个孔中添加10 μL MTT溶液(5 mg/mL)。在37℃下用5%的CO2继续培养4小时。随后,丢弃上清液,通过向每个孔中添加100 μL二甲基亚砜,将平板摇晃并放置在黑暗中10 min,以确保产生的紫色晶体完全溶解。最后,使用酶标仪在490nm处测定其吸光度吸光度。细胞存活率公式计算如下:
噬菌体的活力是激活因子免疫活性和细胞毒性的指标,MTT测定结果如图9所示,与空白对照对比,杀青前和杀青后水提取物浓度在25~100µg /mL范围内均能促进RAW264.7细胞的增殖(P<0.05)。杀青前浓度为50µg /mL细胞增殖作用最强,杀青后浓度为25µg /mL细胞增殖作用最强,与空白组对比具有极显著差异(P<0.01)。浓度在100~400µg /mL范围内随浓度的增加细胞活性降低。
结果表明,杀青后沙棘茶免疫调节能力较杀青前略有提升。
实施方案九抑菌实验
本专利采取滤纸法来测定沙棘叶水提物的抑菌作用。首先取杀青前后沙棘叶水提物的粉末,配制质量浓度(mg/mL)分别为50、100、150、200的沙棘叶水溶液,为待测样品。
选取大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、白色念珠菌、酿酒酵母菌、短小芽孢杆菌和枯草芽孢杆菌为检定菌。在进行抑菌试验前应先培养六种微生物24~48 h,以保证微生物菌种处于生理期活跃状态。将15 μL的样品用微量移液枪点到纸片上,不同浓度,不同样品,需要换枪头;待其全干,干燥后用镊子将制片按顺序转移至提前凝固的培养基上;然后将上完样的培养基移至相应的培养箱中。通过培养皿可清晰直观的观察不同样品对六种微生物的抑菌活性的强弱。
结果表明,在低浓度时,杀青前后沙棘叶对菌种都无抑制作用,增加浓度至200mg/mL时,出现抑菌圈,但直径不大,故认为两者的最低抑菌浓度(MIC)为200mg/mL。因此,杀青对于沙棘茶的抑菌作用的提升效果不大。
实施方案十对α-淀粉酶抑制作用的测定
取沙棘水提物和α-淀粉酶(10u/mL)溶液各0.5 mL,加到试管中混合均匀,60℃水浴锅中反应10min,加1mL淀粉溶液,再60℃反应15 min,后加0.1 mol/L盐酸溶液500μL,立刻将反应液倒入预先盛有2 mL稀碘液的试管中,摇匀,在595 nm波长下测定其吸光度值。分别配制沙棘叶水提物浓度为50mg/mL、40mg/mL、30mg/mL、20mg/mL、10mg/mL,阿卡波糖做阳性对照。
图10可以看出,随着沙棘叶水提物浓度的增大,各自的抑制能力也逐渐提高。此外,在低浓度时阿卡波糖表现出较强的抑制能力,而沙棘叶水提物的抑制能力很弱,很难表现出来;在同浓度情况下,杀青后沙棘叶水提物的抑制能力相对于杀青前略有降低,杀青前后IC50分别为31.77mg/mL、33.15mg/mL,且随浓度升高,抑制能力增强的较明显,但两者的抑制能力均低于阿卡波糖的抑制能力。这说明了沙棘叶还是具备一定的降糖作用,而且杀青这一工序对沙棘叶的降糖活性没有明显的影响。
本发明针对一种保健沙棘茶改性方法及其改性后生物活性变化进行试验,得出一种对沙棘叶进行晾晒,之后进行高温杀青,温度约在180~200℃,时间为4~5min,接着对沙棘叶进行反复的揉搓,然后对初具形态的沙棘叶进行初炒,再重复炒制的改性方法,改性后主要化学成分黄酮含量有所增加、多糖含量下降明显;抗氧化活性明显提升,免疫调节能力略有提升,抑菌作用、对α-淀粉酶的抑制作用无明显提升。多次实践验证改性后制出的沙棘茶不仅提升了茶叶口感,通过杀青工艺灭活后更有利于贮存,对其生物活性也有一定的提升。
Claims (9)
1.一种保健沙棘茶改性方法,其特征是:选取新鲜的沙棘叶进行晾晒,之后进行高温杀青,温度约在180~200℃,时间为4~5min,接着对沙棘叶进行反复的揉搓,然后对初具形态的沙棘叶进行初炒,再重复炒制,杀青前后沙棘茶分别进行热水回流提取法提取有效成分多糖、黄酮等,共提取两次,第一次提取条件为液料比1:10(g/mL)、时间2h,第二次提取条件为液料比1:8(g/mL)、时间1.5h;杀青前总黄酮和多糖的含量分别为32.72±2.97mg/g、201.68±9.36mg/g,杀青后分别为35.40±2.18mg/g、181.96±19.21mg/g;再采用HPLC法检测化学成分,分析沙棘叶中的化学成分可能有二氢杨梅素、木犀草素等黄酮类物质;红外光谱法检测发现杀青前后主要官能团变化不大,黄酮和多糖化合物的结构没有太大变化;之后进行抗氧化、免疫调节能力、抑菌能力、降糖能力测定,结果表明杀青后抗氧化能力、免疫调节能力有所提升,抑菌能力、降糖能力无明显变化。
2.根据权利要求1所述的应用,其特征在于:第一次提取条件为液料比1:10(g/mL)、时间2h,第二次提取条件为液料比1:8(g/mL)、时间1.5h。
3.根据权利要求1所述的应用,其特征在于:杀青前总黄酮和多糖的含量分别为32.72±2.97mg/g、201.68±9.36mg/g,杀青后分别为35.40±2.18mg/g、181.96±19.21mg/g。
4.根据权利要求1所述的应用,其特征在于:HPLC法采用Symmetry C18色谱柱,以0.1%的磷酸水溶液(A)和乙腈(B)为流动相,色谱条件为:0-4min,15-18%B;4-14min,18-24%B;14-26min,24-34%B;26-40min,34-46%B;40-45min,46-15%B;将流速设为1mL/min,柱温为30℃,每次进样量为20μL,检测波长为247nm,检测结果表明,杀青后沙棘叶的各化学成分的含量都有所增加,与标准品相比,分析沙棘叶中的化学成分可能有二氢杨梅素、木犀草素等黄酮类物质。
5.根据权利要求1所述的应用,其特征在于:红外光谱法检测发现杀青前后主要官能团变化不大,说明黄酮和多糖化合物的结构没有太大变化。
6.根据权利要求1所述的应用,其特征在于:抗氧化体系中,杀青前沙棘叶对羟基及DPPH自由基清除能力的IC50分别为0.670mg/mL、6.146µg/mL,杀青后的IC50分别为0.522mg/mL、5.585µg/mL,可以明显看出杀青后抗氧化能力有所提升。
7.根据权利要求1所述的应用,其特征在于:免疫调节体系中,杀青前和杀青后在25~100μ g/mL范围内均能促进RAW264.7细胞的增殖(P<0.05),杀青前水提取物浓度为50μg/mL细胞增殖作用最强,杀青后水提取物浓度为25μg/mL细胞增殖作用最强,杀青后较杀青前略有提升。
8.根据权利要求1所述的应用,其特征在于:在低浓度时,杀青前后沙棘叶对菌种(大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、白色念珠菌、酿酒酵母菌、短小芽孢杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌)都无抑制作用,增加浓度至200mg/mL时,出现抑菌圈,两者的最低抑菌浓度(MIC)为200mg/mL。
9.根据权利要求1所述的应用,其特征在于:碘-淀粉显色法测定其对α-淀粉酶的抑制作用,杀青前后IC50分别为31.77mg/mL、33.15mg/mL,结果表明杀青前后抑制作用没有明显变化。
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