CN110692557B - Method for cultivating yellow croaker by artificial seawater salinity desalination - Google Patents
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for cultivating yellow croaker by artificial seawater salinity desalination, which specifically comprises the following steps: (1) sterilizing two culture ponds and four desalting buckets to prepare a culture pond with seawater salinity of 26-32 per thousand and another culture pond with fresh water salinity of 6 per thousand, wherein the salinity of 4 desalting buckets is 22 per thousand, 18 per thousand, 14 per thousand and 10 per thousand respectively; (2) selecting adult small yellow croakers which have no trauma on the body surface and normally eat, and temporarily culturing in a culture pond with seawater salinity of 26-32 per mill; (3) sequentially transferring the small yellow croakers into a desalting water tank with salinity of 22 per mill, 18 per mill, 14 per mill and 10 per mill, keeping for 4 hours and starving; (4) and moving the small yellow croakers from the culture water bucket to a culture pond with the salinity of 6 per mill. The method can complete desalination process within 1 day, and has culture survival rate as high as 95%, greatly shortened time, lowered desalination cost and obviously raised survival rate.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of seawater fish, and particularly relates to a method for artificially culturing yellow croaker by desalting seawater with artificial salinity.
Background
The small yellow croaker, the large yellow croaker, the hairtail and the cuttlefish are called as four marine products in China, and are important economic fishes in China coastal. The small yellow croaker belongs to wide-salinity fish, overwinter in deep sea in winter, migrates to coastal in spring, spawns in 3-6 months, disperses in coastal cable bait, and returns to deep sea at the end of autumn. The little yellow croaker is rich in various nutritional ingredients required by human bodies, such as protein, sugar, fat, calcium, phosphorus, iron, potassium, sodium, magnesium, vitamin A and the like, has high nutritional value, tender and more meat, has garlic clove-shaped meat, less thorns and delicious taste, and is deeply loved by coastal and even inland common people.
With the continuous development of society, the requirement of people on the freshness of food materials is increased day by day, and fresh fishes temporarily cultured in the aquarium are often seen in large restaurants and night shift windows, but the temporarily cultured species are more in fresh water aquatic species and less in seawater products, because the seawater products such as yellow croakers are mainly caught and the catching operation mode easily damages and even kills the seawater fish products, so that the live seafood is rare. At present, the small yellow croaker seafood is developed in the direction of full-artificial cultivation, and the small yellow croaker seafood has the characteristics of small size, wide salt property and the like and is very suitable for being launched in the form of live seafood on the market. Therefore, the technology for desalting and cultivating the small yellow croaker in the seawater becomes a difficult problem to be solved urgently, the technical problem is overcome, the fresh small yellow croaker can be brought into the market, and the marketing cost is reduced to the maximum extent.
Chinese patent publication No. CN101822228A discloses a method for cultivating Epinephelus coioides at low salinity, which optimizes the pond culture mode of Epinephelus coioides to artificially culture Epinephelus coioides by artificial gradual desalting and domestication. However, the survival rate of the artificially cultured epinephelus coioides is lower and is only 70 percent; the gradient desalting time is 24 hours, the time is long, the efficiency is low, and the cost is high.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a method for artificially culturing the yellow croaker by desalting with artificial seawater salinity, which increases the survival rate of artificially culturing the yellow croaker and increases the weight gain rate by establishing a method aiming at seawater salinity gradient desalting culture of the yellow croaker and matching with hunger treatment, and can complete the desalting process within 1 day, and the culture survival rate is as high as more than 95 percent.
The method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing culture ponds and desalting buckets, and sterilizing the two culture ponds and the four desalting buckets; injecting sand into a culture pond to filter seawater, and adjusting the salinity of the seawater to be 26-32 per mill; injecting aerated fresh water into the other culture pond, and adjusting the salinity to 6 per mill; fresh water after aeration is respectively injected into the four desalting buckets, and the salinity is respectively adjusted to 22 per thousand, 18 per thousand, 14 per thousand and 10 per thousand;
(2) selecting adult fish of little yellow croaker with body surface trauma free and normal eating weight of 50-150g, placing into the culture pond with seawater salinity of 26-32 per mill in the step (1), temporarily culturing, and sprinkling VC stress stimulant into the pond water during temporary culture, wherein the sprinkling dosage is 3-5g/m3Commercial compound feed can be fed, but the hungry state of the empty stomach needs to be kept 12 hours before the desalination culture procedure;
(3) sequentially transferring the small yellow croakers treated in the step (2) to the desalting buckets with salinity of 22 per mill, 18 per mill, 14 per mill and 10 per mill in the step (1) for gradient desalting treatment, and respectively keeping the gradient desalting treatment in each desalting bucket for 4 hours;
(4) and (4) moving the small yellow croakers treated in the step (3) from the culture water bucket to a culture pond with the salinity of 6 per mill, keeping hungry for more than 8 hours, and feeding every other day.
The salt for adjusting salinity in the step (1) is solarized sea salt or sea crystal.
The culture pond in the step (1) is a semi-buried smooth surface cement pond or a pond with a smooth surface material as a surface, and the water volume is 10-20 m3And scale marks are printed.
The surface of the desalting water bucket in the step (1) is made of toughened glass, the color is light blue to dark blue, the bottom of the desalting water bucket is conical and printed with scale marks, and the water volume of the desalting water bucket is 2m3。
The top of the culture pond in the step (1) is provided with an illuminating lamp, the power of the illuminating lamp is 12W, and the arrangement density is 1/10 m2。
The water body temperature in the culture pond and the desalination bucket in the step (1) is 16-28 ℃.
And (3) feeding artificial feed and vitamin C for constitution strengthening during temporary culture in the step (2).
In the steps (2) to (4), the tool for transposing the small yellow croakers is a fishing net mainly made of polycarbonate, the net surface is fine and smooth and is not easy to scratch the scales and the skin surface, and the fishing net is cleaned and aired before transposing.
The culture density of the culture pond and the desalination water bucket in the steps (2) to (4) is 40-150 tails/m3。
And (4) normally oxygenating the culture pond and the desalination water bucket in the processes of the steps (2) to (4).
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention provides a seawater salinity desalination culture method for small yellow croakers, which can complete desalination process within 1 day by matching gradient seawater desalination with hunger treatment, the culture survival rate is up to more than 95 percent, compared with the prior art, the time is greatly shortened, the desalination cost is reduced, and the survival rate is obviously improved.
By the method, the small yellow croakers are cultured in seawater with the salinity of 6 per mill and 14 per mill for 40 days, and the weight gain rate can reach 20.8 percent and exceeds 19.3 percent of the weight gain rate of normal seawater. And under the condition of not feeding for more than 8 hours, the small yellow croakers can survive for more than 96 hours in a culture pond with the salinity of 6 per mill, the survival rate reaches more than 95 percent, and the live and fresh small yellow croakers are listed, so that good economic benefit is obtained, meanwhile, a theoretical basis is provided for a new culture method of the small yellow croakers, and a way for protecting fishery resources of the small yellow croakers in the east China sea is provided.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph of the survival rate of the yellow croaker after 96 hours of acute salinity stress.
FIG. 2 is a graph of acute salinity stress 96-hour semilethal salinity curve of little yellow croaker.
FIG. 3 is a diagram of survival rate of a little yellow croaker desalted by gradient salinity.
FIG. 4 is a graph of the weight gain of cultured yellow croakers under different salinity conditions.
Detailed Description
The following description will be further described with reference to the embodiments and the accompanying drawings.
Example 1
(1) Preparing culture pond and desalting water bucket, and performing desalination on two culture ponds and four 2m culture ponds3Sterilizing the desalting water tank, injecting sand into a culture pond to filter seawater, and adjusting the salinity of the seawater to be between 26 and 32 per mill; injecting aerated fresh water into the other culture pond, and adjusting the salinity to 6 per mill; fresh water after aeration is respectively injected into the four desalting buckets, and the salinity is respectively adjusted to 22 per thousand, 18 per thousand, 14 per thousand and 10 per thousand;
wherein the culture pond is a semi-buried smooth surface cement pond with the depth of 1.8-2 m, the depth of 1m and the water capacity of 20m3The water-filling volume is convenient to calculate due to the fact that scale marks are printed, the top of the culture pond is provided with an illuminating lamp, the power of the illuminating lamp is 12W, and the arrangement density is 1/10 m2(ii) a The surface of the desalting water bucket is made of toughened glass, the color is light blue to dark blue, the bottom of the desalting water bucket is conical, and scale marks are printed on the bottom of the desalting water bucket, so that the desalting water bucket is convenient to measure; the temperature of the water body in the culture water tank and the desalination water bucket is 16-28 ℃.
(2) Selecting adult small yellow croaker with body surface trauma free and normal eating weight of 50-150g, placing into the culture pond with seawater salinity of 26-32 per mill in the step (1), temporarily culturing, feeding artificial feed, and collecting fishTaking S5 series of BAO brand adult fish feed (5 mm in diameter), feeding each fish 2-4 grains per 24 hr, and sprinkling vitamin C excitant for strengthening body constitution at a dosage of 3-5g/m3Thereby reducing the stress response of the fish, keeping the hungry state of the empty stomach 12 hours before the fish enters the desalination culture, and ensuring that the fish is injured in the process of falling into the pool;
(3) sequentially transferring the small yellow croakers treated in the step (2) to desalting buckets with salinity of 22 per mill, 18 per mill, 14 per mill and 10 per mill in the step (1) for gradient desalting treatment, respectively keeping for 4 hours in each desalting bucket, keeping under-empty starvation state, and effectively reducing the death rate caused by operation, namely firstly transferring the small yellow croakers from a culture pond with seawater salinity of 26-32 per mill to a culture bucket with salinity of 22 per mill, and keeping for 4 hours; then, the fish is moved from the culture pond with the seawater salinity of 22 per mill to a culture bucket with the salinity of 18 per mill and kept for 4 hours; then, the fish is moved from a culture pond with the salinity of 18 per mill of the seawater to a culture bucket with the salinity of 14 per mill, and the fish is kept for 4 hours; finally, the fish is moved from the culture pond with 14 per mill of seawater salinity to a culture bucket with 10 per mill of seawater salinity and kept for 4 hours;
(4) and (4) moving the small yellow croakers treated in the step (3) from the culture water bucket with the salinity of 10 per mill to a culture pond with the salinity of 6 per mill, keeping hungry for more than 8 hours, and feeding. And (4) normally oxygenating the culture pond and the desalination bucket in the processes of the steps (2) to (4). And (3) the tools used for transposing the small yellow croakers in the processes of the steps (2) to (4) are fishing nets mainly made of polycarbonate, the net surfaces are fine and smooth and are not easy to scratch the scales and the skin surfaces, and the fishing nets are cleaned and aired before transposing.
In the embodiment, 812 fish fries of the yellow croakers are co-processed, the survival time is 960 hours, 785 fish fries survive, and the culture survival rate is 96.7%.
Example 2: acute salinity stress test
The survival rates of the small yellow croakers cultured in seawater with the salinity of 28-32 per mill are respectively 0, 65, 87, 95, 98, 100, 98, 95, 57, 5 and 0 percent in 96 hours after the small yellow croakers are transferred into water with the salinity of 0, 2, 4, 6, 12, 18, 24, 29, 30, 36, 42, 46 and 63 per mill in acute transfer, as shown in figure 1.
The small yellow croaker is a wide-salt-adaptability fish, the salt adaptability range is 4 per thousand at the lowest, 65 percent of individuals can survive and adapt, and the salt adaptability is 42 per thousand at the highest.
Example 3: 96-hour semi-lethality experiment of small yellow croaker
Calculating the semilethality rate of the small yellow croakers for 96 hours by using a GlobalLogitmodel method to obtain that the semilethality minimum salinity of the small yellow croakers for 96 hours is 2.45 per mill, and the maximum salinity is 41.68 per mill, as shown in figure 2.
Example 4: experiment of 96-hour survival rate of small yellow croakers in hungry state and full-eating state
Counting the survival rates of the small yellow croakers in the hungry state and the satiation state for 96 hours by a gradient salinity desalination method, wherein the survival rates of the small yellow croakers in the hungry state and the satiation state are respectively 100, 100, 98.33, 96.67, 96.67 and 95 percent from the salinity of 26-32 per thousand reduced by one gradient to 22, 18, 14, 10 and 6 per thousand every 4 hours; the satiating survival rates were 100, 98.33, 95, 91.67, 88.33 and 81.67%, respectively, as shown in fig. 3.
Example 5: experiment of weight gain rate of cultured small yellow croakers
The application of the seawater salinity desalination method in the small yellow croakers can be embodied by the culture weight gain rate, and the average weight gain rate of the small yellow croakers in seawater with the salinity of 6 per mill and 14 per mill is obtained according to experimental data, wherein the weight gain rate can reach 20.8 percent after the small yellow croakers are cultured for 40 days and exceeds the weight gain rate of normal seawater by 19.3 percent, as shown in figure 4.
Claims (10)
1. A method for cultivating yellow croaker by artificial seawater salinity desalination is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) preparing culture ponds and desalting buckets, and sterilizing the two culture ponds and the four desalting buckets; injecting sand into a culture pond to filter seawater, and adjusting the salinity of the seawater to be 26-32 per mill; fresh water after aeration is injected into the other culture water pool, and the salinity is adjusted to 6 per mill; fresh water after aeration is respectively injected into the four desalting buckets, and the salinity is respectively adjusted to 22 per thousand, 18 per thousand, 14 per thousand and 10 per thousand;
(2) selecting adult small yellow croakers with the body surface free from trauma and the weight of 50-150g and eating normally, putting the adult small yellow croakers into the culture pond with the seawater salinity of 26-32 per mill in the step (1) for temporary culture, and keeping the fasting hungry state 12 hours before the adult small yellow croakers enter desalination culture;
(3) sequentially transferring the small yellow croakers treated in the step (2) to the desalting buckets with salinity of 22 per mill, 18 per mill, 14 per mill and 10 per mill in the step (1) for gradient desalting treatment, and respectively keeping the gradient desalting treatment in each desalting bucket for 4 hours;
(4) and (4) moving the small yellow croakers treated in the step (3) from the culture water bucket to a culture water pool with the salinity of 6 per mill, keeping hungry for more than 8 hours, and feeding every other day.
2. The method for cultivating yellow croaker through salinity desalination of artificial seawater according to claim 1, wherein the salt used for salinity adjustment in the step (1) is solarized sea salt or sea crystal.
3. The method for cultivating yellow croaker through salinity desalination of artificial seawater as claimed in claim 1, wherein the cultivation water tank in step (1) is a semi-buried water tank with smooth surface material, and the water volume is 10-20 m3And scale marks are printed.
4. The method for cultivating yellow croaker through artificial seawater salinity desalination as claimed in claim 1, wherein the surface of the desalination bucket in step (1) is made of toughened glass, the color is light blue to dark blue, the bottom of the desalination bucket is conical, and is printed with scale marks, and the volume of water contained in the desalination bucket is 2m3。
5. The method for cultivating yellow croaker through salinity desalination of artificial seawater according to claim 1, wherein in the steps (2) to (4), the tool for transposing yellow croaker is a fishing net mainly made of polycarbonate, the net surface is fine and smooth and is not easy to scratch the scales and the skin surface, and the fishing net is cleaned and aired before transposing.
6. The method for cultivating yellow croaker through salinity desalination of artificial seawater as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step (1), the top of the cultivation pond is provided with a lighting lampThe power of the illuminating lamp is 12W, and the arrangement density is 1/10 m2。
7. The method for cultivating yellow croaker through salinity desalination of artificial seawater as claimed in claim 1, wherein the temperature of the water in the culture pond and the desalination water tank in step (1) is 16-28 ℃.
8. The method for cultivating yellow croaker according to claim 1, wherein the constitution of yellow croaker is strengthened by feeding artificial feed and vitamin C during the temporary cultivation in step (2).
9. The method for cultivating yellow croaker through salinity desalination of artificial seawater as claimed in claim 1, wherein the cultivation density of the cultivation pond and the desalination water tank in the steps (2) to (4) is 40-150 fish/m3。
10. The method for cultivating yellow croaker through salinity desalination of artificial seawater according to claim 1, wherein the culture pond and the desalination water tank are normally oxygenated during the steps (2) to (4).
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| US20220061275A1 (en) * | 2020-09-02 | 2022-03-03 | Jiangsu Academy Of Agricultural Sciences | Ecological culture method for fish that contains marine barracuda |
| CN112136729A (en) * | 2020-10-21 | 2020-12-29 | 青岛蓝色粮仓海洋渔业发展有限公司 | Three-dimensional culture method for large yellow croakers |
| CN112471041B (en) * | 2020-11-02 | 2023-02-24 | 海南省海洋与渔业科学院 | Water environment salinity adjusting device for grouper culture and low-salt culture method |
| CN112956434B (en) * | 2021-03-26 | 2022-09-02 | 青岛海洋科技馆(青岛海产博物馆、青岛水族馆) | Jellyfish germ plasm desalination culture method |
| CN114009379B (en) * | 2021-12-14 | 2022-11-22 | 浙江省农业科学院 | Method and device for preparing desalted fingerlings of small yellow croakers |
| CN115152670B (en) * | 2022-08-17 | 2024-03-29 | 上海海洋大学 | Domestication method of salt-tolerant mandarin fish fries |
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| CN101822228B (en) * | 2010-04-30 | 2012-09-26 | 中国水产科学研究院珠江水产研究所 | Method for culturing Epinephelus coioides at low salt degree |
| CN103503806A (en) * | 2012-06-30 | 2014-01-15 | 大连金州汇鑫渔业科技发展有限公司 | Breeding method for yellow croaker |
| CN105580763B (en) * | 2016-01-08 | 2018-07-27 | 中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所 | A kind of artificial less salt method for culturing seedlings of threadfin |
| CN110432190A (en) * | 2019-07-26 | 2019-11-12 | 浙江省农业科学院 | A kind of Low-salinity sea area little yellow croaker seed high-survival rate propagation method |
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