CN110686928A - Shallow soil sample collecting device and method for geological exploration - Google Patents
Shallow soil sample collecting device and method for geological exploration Download PDFInfo
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- CN110686928A CN110686928A CN201911131518.8A CN201911131518A CN110686928A CN 110686928 A CN110686928 A CN 110686928A CN 201911131518 A CN201911131518 A CN 201911131518A CN 110686928 A CN110686928 A CN 110686928A
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- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 208
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 80
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 62
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 39
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 210000001503 joint Anatomy 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000005527 soil sampling Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000009987 spinning Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 description 1
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- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/02—Devices for withdrawing samples
- G01N1/04—Devices for withdrawing samples in the solid state, e.g. by cutting
- G01N1/08—Devices for withdrawing samples in the solid state, e.g. by cutting involving an extracting tool, e.g. core bit
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract
The invention discloses a shallow soil sample collecting device for geological exploration, which comprises a rear supporting seat and a portal frame, wherein a surface soil sample collecting box is fixedly arranged at the top of the rear supporting seat, a first fan is fixedly arranged at the top of the surface soil sample collecting box, and a bottom soil sample collecting box fixed on the rear supporting seat is arranged on one side of the surface soil sample collecting box. Can solve the soil of the remaining degree of depth of present this kind of device in the sampling process and drop easily and by together sampling, lead to the sampling result inaccurate, and in the decline sampling process, need bore soil, the inside obstacles such as rubble of soil influence the sampling easily on the one hand, the stability of on the other hand equipment does not obtain better assurance, appear because of the inaccurate phenomenon of equipment position removal of sampling result easily, and the part that its inside sampling used all can the sample soil of last sampling of residual portion after the use, thereby also lead to the inaccurate problem of sampling result easily.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of shallow soil sample collecting devices, in particular to a shallow soil sample collecting device and method for geological exploration.
Background
The geological exploration needs to use a soil sample collecting device, wherein the device comprises a shallow soil sample collecting device, the existing device has certain defects when in use, although only needs to be used for sampling shallow soil, the sampling part still needs to be lowered to a certain depth inside the soil in the sampling process, so that soil with other depths in the sampling process is easy to drop and is sampled together, the sampling result is inaccurate, soil drilling is needed in the lowering sampling process, on one hand, obstacles such as broken stones inside the soil are easy to affect the sampling, on the other hand, the stability of equipment is not well ensured, the phenomenon of inaccurate sampling result due to the movement of the position of the equipment is easy to occur, and the sampling device needs to be repeatedly and continuously used for sampling shallow soil with different positions and different depths, and parts used for sampling inside the sampling part can remain part of the previous sampling soil after one-time use, and thus also tends to result in inaccurate sampling results.
The publication number is: the patent of CN108152073A discloses a shallow soil sample collecting device for geological exploration, which, compared with the present application, cannot solve the problems proposed in the present application: although the existing device only needs to be used for sampling shallow soil, the sampling component still needs to be lowered to a certain depth in the soil during the sampling process, so that the soil at the rest depth is easy to fall and is sampled together in the sampling process, the sampling result is inaccurate, in addition, in the process of descending for sampling, soil needs to be drilled, on one hand, the sampling is easily influenced by obstacles such as broken stones in the soil, on the other hand, the stability of the equipment is not well ensured, the phenomenon of inaccurate sampling result caused by the movement of the position of the equipment is easy to occur, and the sampling device needs to be repeatedly and continuously used for sampling shallow soil at different positions and different depths, parts used for internal sampling after one-time use can remain part of sample soil sampled last time, so that the problem of inaccurate sampling result is easily caused.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a shallow soil sample collecting device and method for geological exploration, which can solve the problems that the soil at other depths is easy to drop and be sampled together in the sampling process of the conventional device, so that the sampling result is inaccurate, soil drilling is needed in the descending sampling process, on one hand, the sampling is easily influenced by obstacles such as broken stones in the soil, on the other hand, the stability of equipment is not well guaranteed, the sampling result is easy to be inaccurate due to the movement of the position of the equipment, and the sampling device needs to be repeatedly used for sampling shallow soil at different positions and different depths, and parts used for internal sampling can remain part of the sample soil sampled at the previous time after one-time use, so that the sampling result is also easy to be inaccurate.
The purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme:
a shallow soil sample collecting device for geological exploration comprises a rear supporting seat and a portal frame, wherein a surface soil sample collecting box is fixedly mounted at the top of the rear supporting seat, a first fan is fixedly mounted at the top of the surface soil sample collecting box, a bottom soil sample collecting box fixed on the rear supporting seat is arranged on one side of the surface soil sample collecting box, a second fan is fixedly mounted at the top of the bottom soil sample collecting box, the first fan and the second fan are respectively connected with a servo motor, a drilling machine is fixedly mounted at the bottom of the bottom soil sample collecting box, a drill bit of the drilling machine faces downwards vertically and is connected with a bottom sampling assembly, the portal frame is fixedly welded in the middle of the side wall of the rear supporting seat, a power supply is fixedly mounted in the portal frame, a T-shaped structure draw bar is fixedly welded in the middle of the side wall of the portal frame, a first air cylinder fixed on the side wall of the rear supporting seat, the pneumatic rod at the bottom of the first cylinder is connected with a sucker, one side of the first cylinder is provided with a first hydraulic cylinder fixed on the rear support seat, the side wall of the first hydraulic cylinder is connected with a first hydraulic rod, one end of the first hydraulic rod is connected with a second cylinder, the bottom of the second cylinder is connected with a second pneumatic rod, the bottom end of the second pneumatic rod is connected with a second hydraulic cylinder, the bottom of the second hydraulic cylinder is fixedly provided with a front shovel, the side wall of the second hydraulic cylinder is connected with a transverse second hydraulic rod, one end of the second hydraulic rod is connected with a movable rod, the bottom of the movable rod is connected with a rear shovel which is positioned at the same height as the front shovel and used in a matched manner, and the side wall of the rear support seat, which is far away from the portal frame, is fixedly provided with a positioning;
the inner parts of the surface layer soil sample collecting box and the bottom layer soil sample collecting box are respectively provided with a plurality of collecting layers which are uniformly distributed, the outer walls of the surface layer soil sample collecting box and the bottom layer soil sample collecting box, which are far away from each other, are respectively provided with a plurality of pipe interfaces corresponding to the positions of the collecting layers, the surface layer soil sample collecting box is connected with a sucker through a detachable transmission pipe, the bottoms of the first fan and the second fan are respectively provided with a built-in cylinder, a pneumatic rod of the built-in cylinder is connected with a telescopic air pipe, and the air pipes are connected into the collecting layers;
the positioning mechanism comprises a fixing frame, a direction-adjusting motor and a rotary cutter disc, the fixing frame is fixed on the rear supporting seat, an inclined third air cylinder is fixedly installed on the side wall of the top of the fixing frame, the bottom end of the fixing frame is connected with a rotating rod in a shaft mode, a pneumatic rod of the third air cylinder is connected with the rotating rod, the direction-adjusting motor is fixed at the bottom of the rotating rod, an output shaft of the direction-adjusting motor is connected with the rotary disc, a third hydraulic cylinder is installed on the rotary disc, a third hydraulic rod is connected to the side wall of the third hydraulic cylinder, one end of the third hydraulic rod is connected with a small motor, and the output shaft of the small motor is connected with;
the bottom sampling assembly comprises a butt joint disc, hollow steel pipes and reamers, the butt joint disc is fixedly connected with a drill bit of the drilling machine, the circumferences of the hollow steel pipes are uniformly distributed on the outer wall of the butt joint disc, the bottom of each hollow steel pipe is provided with the reamers, and one end of each hollow steel pipe is connected with a transmission pipe pipeline connected with the bottom soil sample collecting box.
Preferably, the second cylinder, the second hydraulic cylinder, the front shovel and the rear shovel are movably connected with the first hydraulic cylinder through the first hydraulic rod, the second hydraulic cylinder, the front shovel and the rear shovel are movably connected with the second cylinder through the second pneumatic rod, and the front shovel and the rear shovel are movably connected through the second hydraulic rod.
Preferably, the sucking disc is through swing joint between the pneumatic rod of first cylinder and the back supporting seat, and the suction inlet of sucking disc is shoveled towards the back, and sucking disc and back shovel are located same level.
Preferably, the power supply is electrically connected with the first air cylinder, the first hydraulic cylinder, the second air cylinder, the second hydraulic cylinder, the first fan, the servo motor, the built-in air cylinder, the second fan, the drilling machine, the third air cylinder, the direction-adjusting motor, the third hydraulic cylinder and the small motor through a plurality of wires.
Preferably, the rotary cutter head is rotatably connected with a third hydraulic rod through a small motor, and the rotary cutter head is movably connected with a third hydraulic cylinder through the third hydraulic rod.
Preferably, the third hydraulic cylinder is connected with the rotary cutter head and the small motor in a rotating mode through the rotary table, and the rotary rod is connected with the third hydraulic cylinder, the rotary cutter head and the small motor in a rotating mode through the rotary table and the fixed frame.
Preferably, the hollow steel pipe is of a broken line structure.
A method for collecting shallow soil samples by utilizing a shallow soil sample collecting device for geological exploration is characterized by comprising the following specific steps:
the method comprises the following steps: firstly, the whole device is hung with a tractor, a transport vehicle and other tractors by utilizing a draw bar, then, soil samples can be collected, when only soil samples on the surface of soil are required to be collected, one end of a transmission pipe for connecting a surface soil sample collecting box and a sucker is butted with a pipe interface at the bottommost layer, then, a first air cylinder, a first hydraulic cylinder, a second air cylinder, a second hydraulic cylinder, a servo motor of a first fan and a built-in air cylinder in the surface soil sample collecting box are started, a pneumatic rod of the built-in air cylinder is driven to extend and send an air pipe into the collecting layer at the bottommost part, then, the second air cylinder is driven to extend and retract to drive a front shovel and a rear shovel to adjust the height, the first air cylinder is used to drive the pneumatic rod of the first air cylinder to adjust the height of the sucker, so that the front shovel, the rear shovel and the sucker are kept at the same horizontal height, and then, the second hydraulic cylinder is used to, therefore, the rear shovel and the front shovel are used for grabbing the soil sample, the first hydraulic cylinder is contracted to drive the front shovel and the rear shovel to approach the sucker in the grabbing process, the servo motor rotates forwards, the first fan generates suction force, and the soil sample grabbed by the front shovel and the rear shovel is sucked into the collecting layer at the bottommost layer in the surface soil sample collecting box along the transmission pipe;
step two: after soil sample collection on the soil surface of one position is finished, the air pipe is moved to the interior of the upper collection layer by using the built-in air cylinder, the transmission pipe is pulled out and is butted with the interface of the previous pipe, then the servo motor is reversed, so that the first fan blows air, the soil samples remained in the transmission pipe and the suction disc as well as on the front shovel and the rear shovel are blown out, the position of the whole device is moved, and the first step is repeated, so that soil sample collection of the next position is carried out;
step three: when the soil except the ground is needed to be sampled, one end of a transmission pipe for connecting the bottom soil sample collection box and the bottom sampling assembly is butted with a pipe connector at the bottommost part of the bottom soil sample collection box, and then, starting a drilling machine, a second fan, a built-in cylinder in the bottom soil sample collecting box, a servo motor of the second fan and a positioning mechanism, reversely rotating the servo motor of the second fan, blowing air to the hollow steel pipe by the second fan, adjusting the positioning mechanism, driving a rotating rod to rotate by utilizing the expansion and contraction of a pneumatic rod of a third cylinder to drive the rotating rod to drive the height of a rotary cutter disc, adjusting the angle of the rotary cutter disc by utilizing a direction-adjusting motor to drive the rotary cutter disc to rotate, driving a third hydraulic rod to drive a rotary cutter disc to rotate by utilizing a third hydraulic cylinder to match with a small motor to drive the rotary cutter disc to cut the rotary cutter disc, cutting vertically into the ground or into the pit wall of the pit, thereby fixing the position of the whole device;
step four: utilize the drilling machine to drive the decline of bottom sampling subassembly and rotate, the cooperation reamer is to the undercut of soil, thereby reach the depth that shallow soil needs the sampling, the servo motor corotation of second fan, utilize the second fan to induced draft with soil suction bottom soil sample collecting box inside, when accomplishing the soil sampling of required depth, utilize built-in cylinder to move the tuber pipe to the upper strata and collect the intralamellar part, and extract the transmission pipe and dock with last pipe connector, transfer the reverse mode with servo motor afterwards, the second fan air blast, will remain in the transmission pipe, the inside soil sample of cavity steel pipe blows off, repeat step three, four directly carry out the sampling of the shallow soil of next degree of depth.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the whole device has two using modes, the soil on the surface layer can be directly sampled, shallow soil samples with different depths can be sampled, when only the soil sample on the surface of the soil needs to be sampled, the second hydraulic cylinder is used for driving the second hydraulic cylinder to stretch and retract so as to drive the movable rod and the rear shovel to move, so that the rear shovel and the front shovel are used for grabbing the soil sample, the first hydraulic cylinder is used for shrinking so as to drive the front shovel and the rear shovel to approach the sucker in the grabbing process, the servo motor rotates forwards, the first fan generates suction force, so that the soil sample grabbed by the front shovel and the rear shovel is sucked into the bottommost collecting layer in the soil sample collecting box on the surface layer along the transmission pipe, when the soil sample on the surface of one position is taken, the built-in air cylinder is used for moving the air pipe into the upper collecting layer, the transmission pipe is pulled out and is butted with the interface of the previous pipe, and then the servo, the first fan blows air, so that soil samples remained in the transmission pipe and the sucker and on the front shovel and the rear shovel are blown out, and the soil sample collection at the next position can be performed, so that the mutual influence among the residual soil samples can be avoided when the device samples different positions, and the sampling accuracy is effectively ensured;
when sampling the other shallow soil except the ground in the second mode, one end of a transmission pipe connected with the bottom soil sample collecting box and the bottom sampling assembly is butted with a pipe interface at the bottommost part of the bottom soil sample collecting box, then, a drilling machine, a second fan, a built-in air cylinder in the bottom soil sample collecting box, a servo motor of the second fan and a positioning mechanism are started, the servo motor of the second fan is reversed, so that the second fan blows air to the hollow steel pipe, due to the existence of the positioning mechanism, a pneumatic rod of a third air cylinder can be used for stretching and retracting to drive a rotating rod to rotate in the process of starting a third air cylinder, so as to drive the height of a rotary cutter disk, the angle of the rotary cutter disk is adjusted by using a direction-adjusting motor to drive the rotary cutter disk to rotate, a third hydraulic cylinder is used for driving a third hydraulic rod to cooperate with a small motor to drive the rotary cutter disk to cut into the soil or vertically cut into the ground or the pit, the position of the whole device is fixed, so that the position of the whole device cannot deviate in the process that the bottom layer sampling assembly enters the shallow soil, and the accuracy of the sampling position is ensured;
because the anticlockwise rotation mode of the bottom sampling assembly is matched with the air blast of the second fan, the hollow steel pipe can sweep the soil falling from other depths in the undercutting process, the hollow steel pipe cannot enter the soil at other depths in the undercutting process, meanwhile, the reamer has the function of breaking obstacles such as broken stones and the like, the sampling accuracy can be more effectively ensured, when the bottom sampling assembly reaches the depth to be sampled, the servo motor of the second fan rotates forwards, the air suction of the second fan is utilized to suck the soil into the bottom soil sample collecting box, when the soil sampling at the required depth is completed, the air pipe is moved to the inner part of the upper collecting layer by utilizing the built-in air cylinder, the transmission pipe is pulled out and is butted with the previous pipe connector, then the servo motor is switched to the reverse rotation mode, so that the second fan blows the air, and the soil sample remained in the transmission pipe and the hollow steel pipe is blown out, and the shallow soil of the next depth can be directly sampled, and the method can effectively avoid the influence of the shallow soil of different depths on the accuracy of the sampling result.
Drawings
In order to facilitate understanding for those skilled in the art, the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a side view of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic bottom view of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a partial structural view of the rear support base of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a positioning mechanism according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the bottom sampling assembly of the present invention;
in the figure: 1. a rear support base; 2. a surface soil sample collecting box; 3. a bottom layer soil sample collecting box; 4. a gantry; 5. a power source; 6. a first cylinder; 7. a suction cup; 8. a first hydraulic cylinder; 9. a first hydraulic lever; 10. a second cylinder; 11. a second pneumatic rod; 12. a second hydraulic cylinder; 13. a second hydraulic rod; 14. a movable rod; 15. front shoveling; 16. shoveling the soil; 17. a draw bar; 18. a pipe interface; 19. a first fan; 20. a servo motor; 21. a collection layer; 22. a built-in cylinder; 23. a conveying pipe; 24. an air duct; 25. a second fan; 26. a drilling machine; 27. a positioning mechanism; 28. a bottom layer sampling assembly; 29. a fixed mount; 30. a third cylinder; 31. a rotating rod; 32. a direction-adjusting motor; 33. a turntable; 34. a third hydraulic cylinder; 35. a third hydraulic lever; 36. a small-sized motor; 37. a rotary cutter head; 38. a docking tray; 39. a hollow steel pipe; 40. a reamer.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the following embodiments, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1-6, a shallow soil sample collecting device for geological exploration comprises a rear supporting seat 1 and a portal frame 4, wherein a surface soil sample collecting box 2 is fixedly installed at the top of the rear supporting seat 1, a first fan 19 is fixedly installed at the top of the surface soil sample collecting box 2, a bottom soil sample collecting box 3 fixed on the rear supporting seat 1 is arranged on one side of the surface soil sample collecting box 2, a second fan 25 is fixedly installed at the top of the bottom soil sample collecting box 3, the first fan 19 and the second fan 25 are respectively connected with a servo motor 20, a drilling machine 26 is fixedly installed at the bottom of the bottom soil sample collecting box 3, a drill bit of the drilling machine 26 faces downwards and is connected with a bottom sampling assembly 28, the portal frame 4 is fixedly welded at the middle part of the side wall of the rear supporting seat 1, a power supply 5 is fixedly installed inside the portal frame 4, and a traction rod 17 with a T-shaped structure, a first air cylinder 6 fixed on the side wall of the rear supporting seat 1 is arranged on one side of the portal frame 4, a pneumatic rod at the bottom of the first air cylinder 6 is connected with a sucker 7, a first hydraulic cylinder 8 fixed on the rear supporting seat 1 is arranged on one side of the first air cylinder 6, a first hydraulic rod 9 is connected on the side wall of the first hydraulic cylinder 8, one end of the first hydraulic rod 9 is connected with a second air cylinder 10, the bottom of the second air cylinder 10 is connected with a second pneumatic rod 11, the bottom of the second pneumatic rod 11 is connected with a second hydraulic cylinder 12, a front shovel 15 is fixed at the bottom of the second hydraulic cylinder 12, a transverse second hydraulic rod 13 is connected to the side wall of the second hydraulic cylinder 12, one end of the second hydraulic rod 13 is connected with a movable rod 14, the bottom of the movable rod 14 is connected with a rear shovel 16 which is positioned at the same height as the front shovel 15 and used in a matched manner, and a positioning mechanism 27 is fixedly installed on the side wall, away from the portal frame 4, of the rear supporting seat 1;
the inner parts of the surface layer soil sample collecting box 2 and the bottom layer soil sample collecting box 3 are respectively provided with a plurality of collecting layers 21 which are uniformly distributed, the outer walls of the surface layer soil sample collecting box 2 and the bottom layer soil sample collecting box 3 which are far away are respectively provided with a plurality of pipe interfaces 18 corresponding to the positions of the collecting layers 21, the surface layer soil sample collecting box 2 is connected with the sucker 7 through a detachable transmission pipe 23, the bottoms of the first fan 19 and the second fan 25 are respectively provided with a built-in air cylinder 22, the pneumatic rod of the built-in air cylinder 22 is connected with a telescopic air pipe 24, and the air pipe 24 is connected into the collecting layers 21;
the positioning mechanism 27 comprises a fixed frame 29, a direction-adjusting motor 32 and a rotary cutter disc 37, the fixed frame 29 is fixed on the rear supporting seat 1, an inclined third air cylinder 30 is fixedly installed on the side wall of the top of the fixed frame 29, the bottom end of the fixed frame 29 is connected with a rotary rod 31 in a shaft mode, a pneumatic rod of the third air cylinder 30 is connected with the rotary rod 31, the bottom of the rotary rod 31 is fixedly provided with the direction-adjusting motor 32, an output shaft of the direction-adjusting motor 32 is connected with a rotary disc 33, a third hydraulic cylinder 34 is installed on the rotary disc 33, a third hydraulic rod 35 is connected on the side wall of the third hydraulic cylinder 34, one end of the third hydraulic rod 35 is connected with a small motor 36, and;
the bottom sampling assembly 28 comprises a butt joint disc 38, hollow steel pipes 39 and reamers 40, the butt joint disc 38 is fixedly connected with a drill bit of the drilling machine 26, the hollow steel pipes 39 are evenly distributed on the outer wall of the butt joint disc 38 in the circumference, the bottom of each hollow steel pipe 39 is provided with a reamer 40, and one end of each hollow steel pipe 39 is connected with the transmission pipe 23 connected with the bottom soil sample collecting box 3 through a pipeline.
The second cylinder 10, the second hydraulic cylinder 12, the front shovel 15 and the rear shovel 16 are movably connected with the first hydraulic cylinder 8 through the first hydraulic rod 9, the second hydraulic cylinder 12, the front shovel 15 and the rear shovel 16 are movably connected with the second cylinder 10 through the second pneumatic rod 11, and the front shovel 15 is movably connected with the rear shovel 16 through the second hydraulic rod 13.
The sucking disc 7 is movably connected with the rear supporting seat 1 through a pneumatic rod of the first air cylinder 6, a suction port of the sucking disc 7 faces the rear shovel 16, and the sucking disc 7 and the rear shovel 16 are located at the same horizontal height.
The power supply 5 is electrically connected with the first cylinder 6, the first hydraulic cylinder 8, the second cylinder 10, the second hydraulic cylinder 12, the first fan 19, the servo motor 20, the built-in cylinder 22, the second fan 25, the drilling machine 26, the third cylinder 30, the direction adjusting motor 32, the third hydraulic cylinder 34 and the small motor 36 through a plurality of wires.
The rotary cutter disc 37 is rotatably connected with the third hydraulic rod 35 through a small motor 36, and the rotary cutter disc 37 is movably connected with the third hydraulic cylinder 34 through the third hydraulic rod 35.
The third hydraulic cylinder 34 is connected with the rotary cutter disc 37 and the small motor 36 in a rotating way through the rotary disc 33 and the rotating rod 31, and the rotating rod 31 is connected with the third hydraulic cylinder 34, the rotary cutter disc 37 and the small motor 36 in a rotating way through the rotary disc 33 and the fixed frame 29.
The hollow steel pipe 39 has a broken line structure.
A method for collecting shallow soil samples by utilizing a shallow soil sample collecting device for geological exploration comprises the following specific steps:
the method comprises the following steps: firstly, the whole device is hung with a vehicle drawn by a tractor, a transport vehicle and the like by using a draw bar 17, then soil samples can be collected, when only soil samples on the surface of soil need to be collected, one end of a transmission pipe 23 connecting a surface soil sample collection box 2 and a suction cup 7 is butted with a pipe interface 18 at the bottommost layer, then a first air cylinder 6, a first hydraulic cylinder 8, a second air cylinder 10, a second hydraulic cylinder 12, a servo motor 20 of a first fan 19 and a built-in air cylinder 22 in the surface soil sample collection box 2 are started, the built-in air cylinder 22 is used for driving a pneumatic rod to extend an air pipe 24 and send the air pipe into a collection layer 21 at the bottommost part, then the second air cylinder 10 is used for driving a second pneumatic rod 11 to extend and retract so as to drive a front shovel 15 and a rear shovel 16 to adjust the height, the first air cylinder 6 is used for driving the pneumatic rod to adjust the height of the suction cup 7, so that the front shovel 15, then, the second hydraulic cylinder 12 is used for driving the second hydraulic cylinder 13 to stretch and contract to drive the movable rod 14 and the rear shovel 16 to move, so that the rear shovel 16 and the front shovel 15 are used for grabbing soil samples, the first hydraulic cylinder 8 is used for shrinking to drive the front shovel 15 and the rear shovel 16 to approach the suction disc 7 in the grabbing process, the servo motor 20 rotates forwards, the first fan 19 generates suction force, and the soil samples grabbed by the front shovel 15 and the rear shovel 16 are sucked into the bottommost collection layer 21 in the surface soil sample collection box 2 along the transmission pipe 23;
step two: after the soil sample on the soil surface of one position is collected, the air pipe 24 is moved to the inside of the upper collection layer 21 by the built-in air cylinder 22, the transmission pipe 23 is pulled out and is abutted with the previous pipe joint 18, then the servo motor 20 is rotated reversely, the first fan 19 blows air, so that the soil samples remained in the transmission pipe 23, the suction disc 7 and the front shovel 15 and the rear shovel 16 are blown out, the position of the whole device is moved, and the step one is repeated, so that the soil sample collection of the next position is carried out;
step three: when other soil except the ground is required to be sampled, one end of a transmission pipe 23 which is connected with the bottom layer soil sample collecting box 3 and the bottom layer sampling assembly 28 is butted with a pipe interface 18 at the bottommost part of the bottom layer soil sample collecting box 3, then, a drilling machine 26, a second fan 25, a built-in air cylinder 22 in the bottom layer soil sample collecting box 3, a servo motor 20 of the second fan 25 and a positioning mechanism 27 are started, the servo motor 20 of the second fan 25 is reversely rotated, the second fan 25 blows air to a hollow steel pipe 39, the positioning mechanism 27 is adjusted, a pneumatic rod of a third air cylinder is stretched to drive a rotating rod 31 to rotate, the height of a rotary cutter disc 37 is driven to rotate, a direction adjusting motor 32 is used for driving a rotary disc 33 to rotate so as to adjust the angle of the rotary cutter disc 37, a third hydraulic cylinder 34 is used for driving a third hydraulic rod 35 to cooperate with a small motor 36 to drive the, cutting vertically into the ground or into the pit wall of the pit, thereby fixing the position of the whole device;
step four: the drilling machine 26 is used for driving the bottom layer sampling assembly 28 to descend and rotate, the reamer 40 is used for cutting soil downwards, so that the depth of shallow soil needing to be sampled is achieved, the servo motor 20 of the second fan 25 rotates forwards, air suction is conducted on the second fan 25 to suck soil into the bottom layer soil sample collecting box 3, when soil sampling of the needed depth is completed, the built-in air cylinder 22 is used for moving the air pipe 24 to the inside of the upper layer collecting layer 21, the transmission pipe 23 is pulled out and is in butt joint with the previous pipe connector 18, then the servo motor 20 is switched to a reverse rotation mode, air is blown by the second fan 25, soil samples remained in the transmission pipe 23 and the hollow steel pipe 39 are blown out, and the third step and the fourth step are repeated to directly conduct sampling of the shallow soil of the next depth.
When the soil sample collecting device is used, firstly, the whole device is hung with a vehicle drawn by a tractor, a transport vehicle and the like by using a draw bar 17, then, the soil sample can be collected, the whole device has two using modes, when only the soil sample on the surface of the soil needs to be collected, firstly, one end of a transmission pipe 23 connecting a surface soil sample collecting box 2 and a sucker 7 is butted with a pipe interface 18 at the bottommost layer, then, a first air cylinder 6, a first hydraulic cylinder 8, a second air cylinder 10, a second hydraulic cylinder 12, a servo motor 20 of a first fan 19 and an internal air cylinder 22 in the surface soil sample collecting box 2 are started, firstly, the internal air cylinder 22 is used for driving a pneumatic rod to extend so as to extend an air pipe 24 and send the air pipe into a collecting layer 21 at the bottommost layer, then, the second air cylinder 10 is used for driving a second pneumatic rod 11 to extend and retract so as to drive a front shovel 15 and a rear shovel 16 to adjust the height, the front shovel 15, the rear shovel 16 and the sucker 7 are kept at the same horizontal height, then the second hydraulic cylinder 12 is used for driving the second hydraulic rod 13 to stretch and contract to drive the movable rod 14 and the rear shovel 16 to move, so that the rear shovel 16 and the front shovel 15 are used for grabbing soil samples, the first hydraulic cylinder 8 is used for shrinking to drive the front shovel 15 and the rear shovel 16 to approach the sucker 7 in the grabbing process, the servo motor 20 rotates forwards to enable the first fan 19 to generate suction, so that the soil samples grabbed by the front shovel 15 and the rear shovel 16 are sucked into the bottommost collection layer 21 in the surface soil sample collection box 2 along the transmission pipe 23, when the soil sample on the surface of one position is taken, the built-in air cylinder 22 is used for moving the air pipe 24 to the upper collection layer 21, the transmission pipe 23 is pulled out and is butted with the previous pipe interface 18, then the servo motor 20 rotates backwards to enable the first fan 19 to blow air, therefore, soil samples remained in the transmission pipe 23 and the sucker 7 and on the front shovel 15 and the rear shovel 16 are blown out, the position of the whole device is moved, the steps are repeated, and then the soil sample collection at the next position can be carried out.
When the soil except the ground needs to be sampled, one end of a transmission pipe 23 connecting the bottom layer soil sample collecting box 3 and the bottom layer sampling assembly 28 is butted with a pipe interface 18 at the bottommost part of the bottom layer soil sample collecting box 3, then, a drilling machine 26, a second fan 25, a built-in air cylinder 22 in the bottom layer soil sample collecting box 3, a servo motor 20 of the second fan 25 and a positioning mechanism 27 are started, the servo motor 20 of the second fan 25 is reversely rotated, so that the second fan 25 blows air to the hollow steel pipe 39, due to the existence of the positioning mechanism 27, in the process of starting the third air cylinder 30, a pneumatic rod of a third air cylinder can be used for stretching and contracting to drive the rotating rod 31 to rotate, so that the height of the rotating cutter disk 37 is driven, the steering motor 32 is used for driving the rotating disk 33 to rotate to adjust the angle of the rotating cutter disk 37, the third hydraulic cylinder 34 is used for driving the third hydraulic rod 35 to cooperate with a small motor 36 for, or vertically cut into the ground or cut into the pit wall of the deep pit, so as to fix the position of the whole device, so that the position of the whole device can not deviate in the process that the bottom layer sampling assembly 28 enters the shallow soil, the sampling accuracy is ensured, the drilling machine 26 is utilized to drive the bottom layer sampling assembly 28 to descend and rotate (the rotating direction is anticlockwise from the angle in figure 6), the soil is cut downwards by matching with the reamer 40, so as to reach the depth of the shallow soil needing to be sampled, because the anticlockwise rotating mode of the bottom layer sampling assembly 28 is matched with the blast of the second fan 25, the hollow steel pipe 39 can sweep the soil falling from other depths in the process of cutting downwards, the soil in other depths can not enter the hollow steel pipe 39 in the process of cutting downwards, meanwhile, the reamer 40 has the function of breaking obstacles such as broken stones, and the like, the sampling accuracy can be more effectively ensured, when the bottom layer sampling assembly 28 reaches the depth needing to be sampled, the servo motor 20 of the second fan 25 is positively rotated, the second fan 25 is used for sucking soil into the bottom soil sample collecting box 3 by means of air suction, when soil sampling of the required depth is completed, the built-in air cylinder 22 is used for moving the air pipe 24 to the inside of the upper collecting layer 21, the transmission pipe 23 is pulled out and is in butt joint with the previous pipe joint 18, the servo motor 20 is adjusted to be in a reverse rotation mode, air is blown by the second fan 25, soil samples remained in the transmission pipe 23 and the inside of the hollow steel pipe 39 are blown out, sampling of shallow soil of the next depth can be directly performed, and the method can effectively avoid influence of the shallow soil of different depths on accuracy of sampling results.
The preferred embodiments of the invention disclosed above are intended to be illustrative only. The preferred embodiments are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise forms disclosed. Obviously, many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teaching. The embodiments were chosen and described in order to best explain the principles of the invention and the practical application, to thereby enable others skilled in the art to best utilize the invention. The invention is limited only by the claims and their full scope and equivalents.
Claims (8)
1. A shallow soil sample collecting device for geological exploration comprises a rear supporting seat (1) and a portal frame (4) and is characterized in that a surface soil sample collecting box (2) is fixedly mounted at the top of the rear supporting seat (1), a first fan (19) is fixedly mounted at the top of the surface soil sample collecting box (2), a bottom soil sample collecting box (3) fixed on the rear supporting seat (1) is arranged on one side of the surface soil sample collecting box (2), a second fan (25) is fixedly mounted at the top of the bottom soil sample collecting box (3), the first fan (19) and the second fan (25) are respectively connected with a servo motor (20), a drilling machine (26) is fixedly mounted at the bottom of the bottom soil sample collecting box (3), a drill bit of the drilling machine (26) faces downwards vertically and is connected with a bottom sampling assembly (28), the portal frame (4) is fixedly welded in the middle of the side wall of the rear supporting seat (1), the automatic feeding device is characterized in that a power supply (5) is fixedly installed inside the portal frame (4), a draw bar (17) of a T-shaped structure is fixedly welded in the middle of the side wall of the portal frame (4), a first air cylinder (6) fixed on the side wall of the rear supporting seat (1) is arranged on one side of the portal frame (4), a pneumatic rod at the bottom of the first air cylinder (6) is connected with a sucker (7), a first hydraulic cylinder (8) fixed on the rear supporting seat (1) is arranged on one side of the first air cylinder (6), a first hydraulic rod (9) is connected on the side wall of the first hydraulic cylinder (8), one end of the first hydraulic rod (9) is connected with a second air cylinder (10), a second pneumatic rod (11) is connected at the bottom of the second air cylinder (10), a second hydraulic cylinder (12) is connected at the bottom of the second pneumatic rod (11), a front shovel (15) is fixed at the bottom of the second hydraulic, a transverse second hydraulic rod (13) is connected to the side wall of the second hydraulic cylinder (12), one end of the second hydraulic rod (13) is connected with a movable rod (14), the bottom of the movable rod (14) is connected with a rear shovel (16) which is located at the same height as the front shovel (15) and used in a matched mode, and a positioning mechanism (27) is fixedly installed on the side wall, away from the portal frame (4), of the rear supporting seat (1);
the soil sample collecting device is characterized in that a plurality of collecting layers (21) which are uniformly distributed are arranged in the surface layer soil sample collecting box (2) and the bottom layer soil sample collecting box (3), a plurality of pipe connectors (18) corresponding to the positions of the collecting layers (21) are arranged on the outer walls, far away from the surface layer soil sample collecting box (2) and the bottom layer soil sample collecting box (3), of the surface layer soil sample collecting box (2) and the bottom layer soil sample collecting box, the surface layer soil sample collecting box is connected with a sucker (7) through a detachable transmission pipe (23), built-in air cylinders (22) are arranged at the bottoms of a first fan (19) and a second fan (25), a pneumatic rod of each built-in air cylinder (22) is connected with a telescopic air pipe (24), and the air pipes (;
the positioning mechanism (27) comprises a fixed frame (29), a direction adjusting motor (32) and a rotary cutter head (37), the fixed frame (29) is fixed on the rear supporting seat (1), the side wall of the top of the fixed frame (29) is fixedly provided with an inclined third cylinder (30), the bottom end of the fixed frame (29) is connected with a rotating rod (31) through a shaft, a pneumatic rod of the third cylinder (30) is connected with the rotating rod (31), a direction adjusting motor (32) is fixed at the bottom of the rotating rod (31), an output shaft of the direction adjusting motor (32) is connected with a rotating disc (33), a third hydraulic cylinder (34) is arranged on the turntable (33), a third hydraulic rod (35) is connected on the side wall of the third hydraulic cylinder (34), one end of the third hydraulic rod (35) is connected with a small motor (36), and an output shaft of the small motor (36) is connected with a rotary cutter disc (37);
the bottom sampling assembly (28) comprises a butt joint disc (38), hollow steel pipes (39) and reamers (40), the butt joint disc (38) is fixedly connected with drill bits of a drilling machine (26), the circumferences of the hollow steel pipes (39) are uniformly distributed on the outer wall of the butt joint disc (38), the reamers (40) are arranged at the bottoms of the hollow steel pipes (39), and one ends of the hollow steel pipes (39) are connected with a transmission pipe (23) connected with the bottom soil sample collecting box (3) through pipelines.
2. The shallow soil sample collection device for geological exploration is characterized in that the second cylinder (10), the second hydraulic cylinder (12), the front shovel (15) and the rear shovel (16) are movably connected with the first hydraulic cylinder (8) through the first hydraulic rod (9), the second hydraulic cylinder (12), the front shovel (15) and the rear shovel (16) are movably connected with the second cylinder (10) through the second pneumatic rod (11), and the front shovel (15) and the rear shovel (16) are movably connected through the second hydraulic rod (13).
3. The shallow soil sample collection device for geological exploration according to claim 1, wherein the suction cup (7) is movably connected with the rear supporting seat (1) through a pneumatic rod of the first air cylinder (6), a suction port of the suction cup (7) faces the rear shovel (16), and the suction cup (7) and the rear shovel (16) are located at the same horizontal height.
4. The shallow soil sample collection device for geological exploration according to claim 1, wherein the power supply (5) is electrically connected with a first air cylinder (6), a first hydraulic cylinder (8), a second air cylinder (10), a second hydraulic cylinder (12), a first fan (19), a servo motor (20), an internal air cylinder (22), a second fan (25), a drilling machine (26), a third air cylinder (30), a direction-adjusting motor (32), a third hydraulic cylinder (34) and a small motor (36) through a plurality of wires.
5. The shallow soil sample collecting device for geological exploration is characterized in that the spinning disc (37) is in rotary connection with a third hydraulic rod (35) through a small motor (36), and the spinning disc (37) is movably connected with a third hydraulic cylinder (34) through the third hydraulic rod (35).
6. The shallow soil sample collecting device for geological exploration is characterized in that the third hydraulic cylinder (34) is connected with the rotary cutter disc (37) and the small motor (36) in a rotating mode through the rotary disc (33) and the rotary rod (31), and the rotary rod (31) is connected with the third hydraulic cylinder (34), the rotary cutter disc (37) and the small motor (36) in a rotating mode through the rotary disc (33) and the fixed frame (29).
7. The shallow soil sampling device for geological exploration according to claim 1, characterized in that said hollow steel tube (39) is of a broken line structure.
8. A method for shallow soil sample collection by using the shallow soil sample collection device for geological exploration, which is characterized by comprising the following specific steps:
the method comprises the following steps: firstly, the whole device is hung with a vehicle drawn by a tractor, a transport vehicle and the like by using a draw bar (17), then soil samples can be collected, when only soil samples on the surface of soil need to be collected, one end of a transmission pipe (23) connecting a surface soil sample collecting box (2) and a sucker (7) is butted with a pipe interface (18) at the bottommost layer, then a first air cylinder (6), a first hydraulic cylinder (8), a second air cylinder (10), a second hydraulic cylinder (12), a servo motor (20) of a first fan (19) and a built-in air cylinder (22) in the surface soil sample collecting box (2) are started, a pneumatic rod of the built-in air cylinder (22) is driven to extend an air pipe (24) and send the air pipe into a collecting layer (21) at the bottommost layer, then a second air cylinder (10) is used to drive a second pneumatic rod (11) to extend and retract so as to drive a front shovel (15) and a rear shovel (16), the pneumatic rod of the first air cylinder (6) is driven to adjust the height of the sucker (7), so that the front shovel (15), the rear shovel (16) and the sucker (7) are kept at the same horizontal height, then the second hydraulic cylinder (12) is used for driving the second hydraulic rod (13) to stretch and retract to drive the movable rod (14) and the rear shovel (16) to move, so that the rear shovel (16) and the front shovel (15) are used for grabbing soil samples, the first hydraulic cylinder (8) is used for contracting to drive the front shovel (15) and the rear shovel (16) to approach the sucker (7) in the grabbing process, the servo motor (20) rotates forwards, the first fan (19) generates suction, and the soil samples grabbed by the front shovel (15) and the rear shovel (16) are sucked into the bottommost collecting layer (21) in the surface soil sample collecting box (2) along the conveying pipe (23);
step two: after soil sample collection on the soil surface of one position is finished, an air pipe (24) is moved to the interior of an upper collection layer (21) by using a built-in air cylinder (22), a transmission pipe (23) is pulled out and is abutted with an upper pipe connector (18), then a servo motor (20) is rotated reversely, so that a first fan (19) blows air, the soil samples remained in the transmission pipe (23), the suction cup (7), a front shovel (15) and a rear shovel (16) are blown out, the position of the whole device is moved, and the first step is repeated, so that soil sample collection of the next position is carried out;
step three: when other soil except the ground is required to be sampled, one end of a transmission pipe (23) connected with a bottom soil sample collecting box (3) and a bottom sampling assembly (28) is butted with a pipe interface (18) at the bottommost part of the bottom soil sample collecting box (3), then, a drilling machine (26), a second fan (25), a built-in cylinder (22) in the bottom soil sample collecting box (3), a servo motor (20) of the second fan (25) and a positioning mechanism (27) are started, the servo motor (20) of the second fan (25) rotates reversely, the second fan (25) blows air to a hollow steel pipe (39), the positioning mechanism (27) is adjusted, a pneumatic rod of a third cylinder (30) stretches out and draws back to drive a rotating rod (31) to rotate, the height of a rotary cutter head (37) is driven, a steering motor (32) is used for driving a rotary disk (33) to rotate to adjust the angle of the rotary cutter head (37), a third hydraulic cylinder (34) is used for driving a third hydraulic rod (35) to be matched with a small motor (36) to drive a rotary cutter head (37) to rotate so as to cut the rotary cutter head (37) into the soil, or vertically cut into the ground or cut into the wall of a deep pit, and therefore the position of the whole device is fixed;
step four: the method comprises the steps that a drilling machine (26) is used for driving a bottom layer sampling assembly (28) to descend and rotate, a reamer (40) is matched for downward cutting of soil, so that the depth of shallow soil needing sampling is achieved, a servo motor (20) of a second fan (25) rotates forwards, air is sucked by the second fan (25) to suck soil into a bottom layer soil sample collecting box (3), when the soil sampling of the needed depth is completed, an air pipe (24) is moved to the inside of an upper layer collecting layer (21) through a built-in air cylinder (22), a transmission pipe (23) is pulled out and is in butt joint with an upper pipe joint (18), then the servo motor (20) is adjusted to be in a reverse rotation mode, air is blown by the second fan (25), soil samples remained in the transmission pipe (23) and a hollow steel pipe (39) are blown out, and the third step and the fourth step are repeated, and the shallow soil sampling of the next depth is directly conducted.
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