CN110686707A - Multichannel polarization low-coherence interference demodulation system and demodulation method based on area array CCD - Google Patents

Multichannel polarization low-coherence interference demodulation system and demodulation method based on area array CCD Download PDF

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CN110686707A
CN110686707A CN201910840961.6A CN201910840961A CN110686707A CN 110686707 A CN110686707 A CN 110686707A CN 201910840961 A CN201910840961 A CN 201910840961A CN 110686707 A CN110686707 A CN 110686707A
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王双
周杰
刘铁根
江俊峰
刘琨
王润东
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Abstract

The invention discloses a multichannel polarization low-coherence interference demodulation system and a demodulation method based on an area array CCD (charge coupled device). the system comprises a light source (1), a light splitter (2), an optical fiber coupler (3), an optical fiber Fabry-Perot sensor (4), an optical fiber array (5) and a demodulation system which are connected in sequence. Firstly, acquiring a line of data of the whole image of the interference fringe of each channel acquired by a planar convex cylindrical mirror in the diopter meridian direction; then, processing the acquired data by using a peak searching algorithm and a median filtering algorithm to find out the imaging position of the interference fringes of each corresponding channel on the area array CCD sensor; synchronously extracting interference fringe information of each channel according to the position information; then, cavity length information of the sensors of the channels is synchronously obtained. The invention realizes synchronous demodulation of interference signals of each channel and greatly expands the application range of a multi-channel synchronous demodulation system.

Description

Multichannel polarization low-coherence interference demodulation system and demodulation method based on area array CCD
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of optical fiber sensing, in particular to a demodulation system and a demodulation method for synchronously demodulating Fabry-Perot sensors with multiple channels.
Background
The low-coherence interference multichannel multiplexing demodulation system is mainly divided into three main methods at present: the three methods are respectively a wavelength division multiplexing method, a coherent multiplexing method and a time division multiplexing method, and are multi-channel multiplexing demodulation methods based on linear array CCD, wherein: (1) the wavelength division multiplexing method can enable signals with multiple wavelengths to be transmitted in a channel at the same time and received and processed by a demodulation system, however, the multiplexing method requires that each light source has different central spectrum ranges, and in order to completely collect all sensing information, a receiving device needs to cover a wide wavelength range; (2) the coherent multiplexing method carries out matched scanning on the optical path difference of the sensor in a time domain mechanical scanning or space scanning mode, when the scanning optical path difference is equal to the optical path difference generated by the sensor, the Fabry-Perot cavity length is demodulated through a formed interference signal, however, in order to distinguish and extract the sensing signal corresponding to the sensor, the coherent multiplexing method requires that the optical fiber F-P sensor has different Fabry-Perot cavity lengths; (3) the time division multiplexing technology utilizes different time periods of the same demodulation system to sense and demodulate, so that sensing signals of all sensors are distinguished in time to achieve the purpose of multiplexing, and therefore the time division multiplexing method cannot achieve synchronous demodulation of the sensors of multiple channels in time.
Due to the limitation of the number of pixels of the linear array CCD, the existing multichannel multiplexing demodulation system based on the linear array CCD needs to avoid the overlapping of interference signals of a plurality of channels when imaging on the linear array CCD during multichannel multiplexing, so a certain requirement is put forward on the central spectral range of a light source or the cavity length of a sensor, and the application range of the multichannel synchronous demodulation system is further limited.
Disclosure of Invention
On the basis of avoiding the analysis and research of the problems in the traditional multichannel multiplexing system based on the linear array CCD, the invention provides a multichannel polarization low-coherence interference demodulation system and a demodulation method based on the area array CCD, and the multichannel interference signal synchronous demodulation is realized.
The invention relates to a multichannel polarization low-coherence interference demodulation system based on an area array CCD (charge coupled device), which comprises a light source 1, a light splitter 2, an optical fiber coupler 3, an optical fiber Fabry-Perot sensor 4, an optical fiber array 5 and a demodulation system which are sequentially connected, wherein:
emergent light of the light source 1 is averagely divided into multiple paths of emergent light of each channel through the optical splitter 2, and the emergent light of each channel enters the optical fiber Fabry-Perot sensor 4 through the optical fiber coupler 3 corresponding to each channel; each optical fiber Fabry-Perot sensor 4 causes optical path difference between corresponding reflected lights to form signal lights reflected by each channel; the signal light is coupled into the optical fiber array 5 through the optical fiber coupler 3 and synchronously emitted to a demodulation system;
the demodulation system comprises a plano-convex cylindrical mirror 6, a polarizer 7, a birefringent wedge 8, an analyzer 9, an area array CCD sensor 10 and a computer processing unit 11 which are connected in sequence; the signal light enters a plano-convex cylindrical mirror (6), is compressed in the meridian plane direction of diopter, enables the signal light among all channels to be mutually separated, the mutually separated signal light is converted into linear polarization light through a polarizer 7, the linear polarization light is converted into two mutually orthogonal linearly polarized light beams through a birefringent optical wedge 8, the two mutually orthogonal linearly polarized light beams are subjected to optical path difference matching, then the two mutually orthogonal linearly polarized light beams are subjected to projection through an analyzer 9 to generate interference and form interference fringes, the area array CCD sensor 10 synchronously receives the interference fringes, and the interference fringes are transmitted to a computer processing unit 11 to complete demodulation.
The invention relates to a multichannel polarization low coherence interference demodulation method based on an area array CCD (charge coupled device), which specifically comprises the following steps of:
firstly, in the meridian direction of the plane convex cylindrical mirror diopter, a line of data acquisition is carried out on the whole image of the interference fringes of each channel acquired by the planar array CCD sensor 10;
then, processing the acquired data by using a peak searching algorithm and a median filtering algorithm to find out the positions of several peak values with the strongest signal intensity, wherein the positions are the imaging positions of the interference fringes of the corresponding channels on the area array CCD;
synchronously extracting interference fringe information of each channel according to the position information;
and then, synchronously demodulating by adopting a monochromatic frequency absolute phase method, namely synchronously demodulating the sensors of all channels.
Compared with the prior art, the multichannel synchronous demodulation system and the demodulation method based on the area array CCD have the following positive technical effects:
(1) the method has the advantages that the interference signals of all channels are synchronously demodulated, the limitation of the traditional linear array CCD-based multi-channel synchronous demodulation system on the length of a light source or a sensor cavity is avoided, and the application range of the multi-channel synchronous demodulation system is greatly expanded;
(2) any sensor capable of demodulating through low-coherence interference can be demodulated, so that the multichannel synchronous demodulation system based on the area array CCD can synchronously demodulate various parameters;
(3) by reasonably adjusting the light path, a line of pixels can correspond to one sensing channel under the limit condition, the pixels of the area array CCD are utilized to the maximum extent, and the number of channels for synchronous demodulation is greatly expanded.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a multi-channel synchronous demodulation system based on an area array CCD of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an interference fringe image of four channels acquired by an area array CCD sensor;
FIG. 3 is a graph of intensity curves extracted from raw data for each channel;
fig. 4 is a graph showing the relationship between the absolute phase of each sensor channel and the corresponding atmospheric pressure after an atmospheric pressure four-channel synchronous demodulation experiment.
Fig. 5 is a demodulation error map of each sensor channel after an atmospheric pressure four-channel synchronous demodulation experiment.
Reference numerals:
1. the system comprises a light source, 2, a beam splitter, 3, an optical fiber coupler, 4, an optical fiber Fabry-Perot sensor, 5, an optical fiber array, 6, a plano-convex cylindrical mirror, 7, a polarizer, 8, a birefringent wedge, 9, an analyzer, 10, an area array CCD sensor, 11 and a computer.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. .
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a multi-channel polarization low coherence interference demodulation system based on an area array CCD according to the present invention. The multichannel synchronous demodulation system based on the area array CCD comprises a light source 1, a beam splitter 2, an optical fiber coupler 3, an optical fiber Fabry-Perot sensor 4, an optical fiber array 5, a plano-convex cylindrical mirror 6, a polarizer 7, a birefringent wedge 8, an analyzer 9, an area array CCD sensor 10 and a computer 11. Wherein:
the light source 1 adopts a broadband light source with a wide spectrum, such as an LED light source, an SLD light source or a halogen lamp;
the light splitter 2 is used for splitting the light emitted by the light source 1 into a plurality of light beams, so that the interference possibly brought by a plurality of light sources is avoided;
the optical fiber coupler 3 is used for transmitting the light emitted from the light source 1 to the optical fiber Fabry-Perot sensor 4 and guiding the interference signal returned from the optical fiber Fabry-Perot sensor 4 into a demodulation system; the model adopts a 1 × 2 multimode fiber coupler, and the model of the fiber is 50/125 μm, 62.5/125 μm, 80/125 μm or 100/125 μm;
the optical fiber Fabry-Perot sensor 4 is used for converting external physical quantity into variable quantity of the Fabry-Perot cavity length and acquiring external physical quantity to be measured by demodulating the Fabry-Perot cavity length; the Fabry-Perot type pressure sensor consists of a Fabry-Perot cavity and a diaphragm, wherein the diaphragm is sensitive to external pressure, so that the external pressure change is specially changed into the change of the length of the Fabry-Perot cavity;
the optical fiber array 5 is configured to output the multiple channel signal lights from the optical fiber coupler 3 to the demodulation system at the same time.
The demodulation system is used for synchronously receiving the optical modulation signals of the channels, separating the cavity length information of each channel and further synchronously demodulating the optical modulation signals. The demodulation system comprises a plano-convex cylindrical mirror 6, a polarizer 7, a birefringent wedge 8, analyzers 9 and 10, an area array CCD sensor and a computer processing unit 11, wherein:
the plano-convex cylindrical mirror is used for converging interference signals of all channels transmitted by the optical fiber array 5 in a refractive power meridian direction and separating the interference signals from each other, and the refractive power meridian is parallel to the optical fiber arrangement direction of the optical fiber array;
the polarizer is used for converting input signal light into linearly polarized light;
the birefringent optical wedge is used for carrying out space scanning on the interference signal so as to generate corresponding interference fringes on the area array CCD sensor;
the analyzer is used for projecting two linearly polarized light beams which are orthogonal to each other to generate interference;
the area array CCD sensor is used for synchronously receiving interference fringes generated after an interference signal passes through the birefringent wedge;
the computer processing unit 11 uses a computer or an embedded acquisition card processing system to synchronously demodulate the interference fringes acquired by the planar array CCD sensor, and finally synchronously acquire the cavity length of each channel and the corresponding external pressure.
Light emitted by a light source 1 is averagely divided into multiple paths through a beam splitter 2 and enters an optical fiber Fabry-Perot sensor 4 through an optical fiber coupler 3 corresponding to each channel, a certain distance is reserved between two reflecting end surfaces of the optical fiber Fabry-Perot sensor 4, so that certain optical path difference exists between corresponding reflected light, the reflected light is coupled into an optical fiber array 5 through the optical fiber coupler 3, signal light reflected out of each channel synchronously exits into a demodulation system through the optical fiber array 5, in the demodulation system, a plano-convex cylindrical mirror 6 compresses signal light of each channel which is scattered towards four sides in the meridian plane direction of diopter, so that the signal light of each channel is mutually separated, the signal light of each channel which is mutually separated is converted into linearly polarized light through a polarizer 7 and is converted into two linearly polarized light beams which are mutually orthogonal through a birefringent wedge 8 and are subjected to optical path difference matching, then the two linearly polarized light beams which are subjected to optical path difference matching through the birefringent wedge 8 are projected through a polarization detector 9 Interference is generated, and the interference fringes are synchronously received by the area array CCD10 and are transferred to the computer 11 for demodulation.
The invention relates to a multichannel polarization low coherence interference demodulation method based on an area array CCD, which comprises the following demodulation processes:
after the area array CCD10 sensor collects the interference fringe of each channel, firstly, a line of data is collected in the meridian direction of the plane convex cylindrical mirror diopter of the whole image, then the collected data is processed by using a peak searching algorithm and a median filtering algorithm, the positions of several peak values with the strongest signal intensity are found out, the positions are the imaging positions of the interference fringes of the corresponding channels on the area array CCD, the interference fringe information of each channel can be synchronously extracted according to the position information, and then, the intensity demodulation method or the phase demodulation method is adopted for synchronous demodulation, so that the cavity length information of the sensor of each channel can be synchronously obtained.
The fundamental principle of the monochromatic frequency absolute phase method is as follows:
generally, a broadband light source has a gaussian or gaussian-like spectrum, so the light intensity of low coherence interference can be expressed as:
I(x)=γexp{[-α(x-x0)]2}cos[β(x-x0)](1)
where α, β, γ are constants relating to the optical path system, x0Is the coordinate of the zero optical path difference position corresponding to the optical wedge, which is linear with the cavity length.
To simplify the analysis, define:
f(x)=γexp[-(αx)2](2)
the continuous Fourier transform of equation (2) is F (j Ω), which is also a gaussian function, and Ω is frequency. The continuous Fourier transform of equation (1) is expressed in terms of its time and frequency shift characteristics as:
the amplitude-frequency characteristic curve of Fourier transform of interference signals is composed of two symmetrical Gaussian functions, the symmetry axes of the functions are respectively located at the positions of omega-beta and omega-beta, beta is a constant after the system determines, and negative frequency components have no practical physical significance and are not considered in optical spectrum analysis, so that the amplitude-frequency function and the phase-frequency function are respectively expressed as:
A(jΩ)=1/2F[j(Ω-β)](4)
Figure BDA0002193694920000062
from equation (5), it can be seen that the phase is a linear function of the frequency, and the phase slope is directly related to the measured external physical quantity and is not affected by the interference order. If omegajIs a selected reference frequency, ΩjExpressed as:
from the interference order perspective, the absolute phase is again written as:
Figure BDA0002193694920000064
wherein phi (omega)j) Is the relative phase obtained after discrete Fourier transform, and n is the interference order.
The combined type (6) and the formula (7) can obtain:
φ(Ωj)=-xΩj+2nπ (8)
from equation (8), the intercept of the phase frequency curve is n times 2 π, where n is the interference order of the reference frequency. Thus, the interference order of the reference frequency can be obtained by the following formula:
where T is an intercept of a fitting straight line after the frequency-unwrapped phase is subjected to least-squares linear fitting, and int () is a nearest integer value returned, then, the absolute phase of the finally obtained reference frequency may be represented as:
Figure BDA0002193694920000072
the absolute phase of the reference frequency directly reflects distance information, namely cavity length change information of the F-P sensor, and demodulation is achieved.
As shown in fig. 2, it is an interference fringe pattern of four channels collected by an area array CCD sensor. Interference fringe images of four channels collected by the area array CCD when the number of the synchronous demodulation channels is 4 are different, and because the cavity length of the Fabry-Perot sensor of each channel is different, and the Fabry-Perot sensors with different cavity lengths correspond to different optical path difference matching positions on the birefringent optical wedge, the positions of the interference fringes of each channel in an imaging light beam are different.
As shown in fig. 3, an intensity profile is extracted for each channel of raw data. In the intensity curve chart obtained by extracting the raw data of each channel in fig. 2, because the positions of the interference fringes of each channel in the imaging light beam are different, the positions of the interference fringe data in the intensity curve chart of the raw data are also different, and the data except the interference signal data in the curve chart is background light noise.
The application examples of the invention are described as follows:
a multichannel synchronous demodulation system based on an area array CCD sensor is used for carrying out a four-channel atmospheric pressure synchronous demodulation experiment, four optical fiber Fabry-Perot sensors are placed in an air pressure cabin, the atmospheric pressure in the air pressure cabin is adjusted through pressure control equipment, and the control precision of the pressure equipment is 0.02 kPa. In the process of atmospheric pressure change in the pressure chamber, recording the absolute phase of each optical fiber sensor under each atmospheric pressure, establishing a calibration relation between the atmospheric pressure and the absolute phase of each optical fiber Fabry-Perot sensor, simultaneously performing linear fitting on the absolute phase of each optical fiber Fabry-Perot sensor under each atmospheric pressure to obtain a corresponding relation between the absolute phase and the atmospheric pressure, and subtracting the corresponding atmospheric pressure obtained by the calibration atmospheric pressure and the linear fitting under the same absolute phase to obtain the demodulation error of each optical fiber Fabry-Perot sensor under each atmospheric pressure.
As shown in fig. 4, a graph of the absolute phase of the atmospheric pressure synchronous demodulation experiment result for each sensor channel and the corresponding atmospheric pressure is shown.
As shown in fig. 5, a demodulation error map of the results of the atmospheric pressure synchronous demodulation experiment for each sensor channel is shown.

Claims (2)

1. The utility model provides a low coherent interference demodulation system of multichannel polarization based on area array CCD, its characterized in that, this system is including light source (1), beam splitter (2), fiber coupler (3), optic fibre Fabry-Perot sensor (4), fiber array (5) and the demodulation system that connects gradually, wherein:
emergent light of the light source (1) is averagely divided into multiple paths of emergent light of each channel through the light splitter (2), and the emergent light of each channel enters the optical fiber Fabry-Perot sensor (4) through the optical fiber coupler (3) corresponding to each channel; each optical fiber Fabry-Perot sensor (4) causes optical path difference between corresponding reflected lights to form signal lights reflected by each channel; the signal light is coupled into the optical fiber array (5) through the optical fiber coupler (3) and synchronously emitted to a demodulation system;
the demodulation system comprises a plano-convex cylindrical mirror (6), a polarizer (7), a birefringent wedge (8), an analyzer (9), an area array CCD sensor (10) and a computer processing unit (11) which are connected in sequence; the signal light enters the plano-convex cylindrical mirror (6), the signal light is compressed in the meridian plane direction of diopter and enables the signal light among all channels to be mutually separated, the mutually separated signal light is converted into linear polarization light through the polarizer (7), the linear polarization light is converted into two mutually orthogonal linearly polarized light beams through the birefringent wedge (8) and is subjected to optical path difference matching, then the two mutually orthogonal linearly polarized light beams subjected to optical path difference matching are projected through the analyzer (9) to generate interference and form interference fringes, the area array CCD sensor (10) synchronously receives the interference fringes, and the interference fringes are transmitted to the computer processing unit (11) to complete demodulation.
2. A multi-channel polarization low-coherence interference demodulation method based on an area array CCD comprises the following demodulation processes:
firstly, acquiring a line of data of the whole image of the interference fringe of each channel acquired by a planar convex cylindrical mirror in the diopter meridian direction;
then, processing the acquired data by using a peak searching algorithm and a median filtering algorithm to find out the positions of several peak values with the strongest signal intensity, wherein the positions are the imaging positions of the interference fringes of the corresponding channels on the area array CCD sensor;
according to the position information synchronization, extracting the interference fringe information of each channel;
and then, synchronously demodulating by adopting a monochromatic frequency absolute phase method, namely synchronously demodulating the sensors of all channels.
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