CN110685423A - 一种发热瓷砖及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种发热瓷砖及其制备方法，该发热瓷砖的制备方法包括：瓷砖的拆包、清洗和吹干；将石墨烯或者官能化石墨烯与聚酰亚胺树脂使用搅拌釜搅拌混合，再通过球磨分散机进行球磨分散，完成后通过使用离心机离心纯化，得到发热涂料；将发热涂料使用静电喷头喷涂附着至瓷砖上，再使用光固化机进行发热层固化，得到涂覆发热涂层后的瓷砖；将导电材料通过使用机械手贴附引入瓷砖表面，形成特定结构的导电通路后，得到引入布线层后的瓷砖；将保护层涂料通过使用辊涂机辊涂在瓷砖上形成保护层，并使用光固化机完成光照后得到发热瓷砖，该发热瓷砖具有易于铺贴，不占层高，阻燃防火，不会热击穿，低电压驱动即可发热等优点。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及材料技术领域，特别是涉及一种发热瓷砖及其制备方法。
背景技术
地暖是地板辐射采暖的简称，英文为Radiant Floor Heating，是以整个地面为散热器，通过地板辐射层中的热媒，均匀加热整个地面，利用地面自身的蓄热和热量向上辐射的规律由下至上进行传导，来达到取暖的目的。目前的技术水平，地暖一般分为水地暖和电地暖，而电地暖又有发热电缆采暖和电热膜采暖碳纤维电暖之分：水地暖即低温热水地面辐射供暖是以温度不高于60℃的热水为热媒，在加热管内循环流动，加热地板，通过地面以辐射主要和对流次要的传热方式向室内供热的供暖方式；发热电缆地面辐射供暖是以低温发热电缆为热源，加热地板，通过地面以辐射主要和对流次要的传热方式向室内供热的供暖方式，常用发热电缆分为单芯电缆和双芯电缆，双芯电缆没有磁场和辐射；低温辐射电热膜是一种通电后能发热的半透明聚酯薄膜，由可导电的特制油墨、金属载流条经加工、热压在绝缘聚酯薄膜间制成，工作时以碳基油墨为发热体，将热量以辐射的形式送入空间，使人体得到温暖。
但是这种传统的地暖方式，在安装的时候需要提前在地板的下方铺设管路、电缆或者电热膜，安装步骤繁琐且费时费力，而且一旦底板下方的管路、电缆或者电热膜发生故障需要进行维修或者更换时，需要将其上的的地板拆除甚至破坏之后才能进行维修或者更换；即使使用过程中未出现故障，现有的地热供暖设备在使用一定年限后还是需要强制更换以保证其正常工作，无形地增加了后期维护成本。
发明内容
为了克服现有技术的不足，本发明提供一种易于铺贴，不占层高的发热瓷砖及其制备方法。
本发明解决其技术问题所采用的技术方案是：
一种发热瓷砖的制备方法，，所述的制备方法包括如下的步骤：
(1)将所述瓷砖通过拆包机进行拆包后，进行清洗和吹干。
(2)将石墨烯或官能化石墨烯中的一种与聚酰亚胺树脂在搅拌釜中搅拌混合后，在球磨分散机中进行球磨分散，然后通过离心机进行离心纯化，即得到发热涂料。
(3)将所述发热涂料通过静电喷头喷涂附着至所述瓷砖上形成所述发热涂层，通过光固化机对所述发热涂层进行固化，得到涂覆发热涂层的瓷砖。
(4)将导电材料通过机械手贴附引入所述涂覆发热涂层的瓷砖的表面，形成导电通路，即得引入布线层的瓷砖。
(5)将保护层涂料通过辊涂机辊涂在所述引入布线层的瓷砖上形成保护层后，用光固化机对所述保护层进行固化，即得所述发热瓷砖。
所述步骤(2)中的所述搅拌釜的转速为1-500rpm，搅拌混合时长为0.01-120min。
所述步骤(2)中的所述球磨分散机的料球比为1:1-1:100，球磨转速为30-1200rpm，球磨分散时长为0.01-120min。
所述步骤(2)中的所述离心机的离心转速为30-12000rpm，离心纯化时长为0.01-15min。
所述步骤(3)中的所述静电喷头的电压为0.001v-300kv，气流量为0.001L/s-50L/s，气液比为1:0.01-1:100。
所述步骤(3)中的所述光固化机的波长为195nm-10um，光照强度为0.05lux-1000lux。
所述步骤(4)中的所述导电材料为导电胶、金属箔、导电胶带。
所述导电胶为导电炭黑、导电石墨、石墨烯炭纳米管、水系粘结剂、石墨导电胶、铜粉导电胶、银粉导电胶、导电金胶、导电银胶、导电铜胶、导电铝胶、导电锌胶、导电铁胶、导电镍胶、导电石墨胶、导电硅胶、碳导电胶带、铜导电胶带、石墨填充型导电胶、聚噻吩类导电高分子材料导电胶、聚吡咯类导电高分子材料导电胶中的一种；所述金属箔为铜、黄铜、铝、镍、金属合金或者复合金属箔中的一种；所述导电胶带为铜胶带或者铝箔胶带中的一种。
所述步骤(5)中的所述光固化机的波长为195nm-10um，光照强度为0.05lux-1000lux。
所述步骤(5)中的所述辊涂的辊间距为0.01mm-100mm，液膜厚度为0.05um-100um。
所述步骤(5)中的所述保护层涂料为复合硅酸盐隔热材料、无机活性保温材料、硅酸盐保温材料、陶瓷保温材料、胶粉聚苯颗粒、钢丝网采水泥泡沫板(舒乐板)、挤塑板XPS、硬泡聚氨酯保温板、喷涂聚氨酯硬泡、EPS泡沫板隔热材料、珍珠岩、硅藻土、石棉、岩棉、矿棉、蛭石、石灰石、空玻璃微珠、碳包覆隔热材料或聚氨酯阻燃防水卷材中的一种。
一种发热瓷砖，由上述权利要求中任一种方法制备而成。
本发明的有益效果是：本发明提供的发热瓷砖具有易于铺贴，不占层高，阻燃防火，不会热击穿，低电压驱动即可发热等优点。
附图说明
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明进一步说明。
图1是本发明的步骤示意图。
具体实施方式
参照图1，一种发热瓷砖的制备方法，所述的制备方法包括如下的步骤：
(1)将尺寸为1mm*1mm-1200mm*2400mm的所述瓷砖通过拆包机进行拆包后，进行清洗和吹干；拆包机包括定位系统与拆解机械臂，通过定位系统对瓷砖的尺寸进行计算，并进一步驱动机械臂执行拆解动作，对不同规格尺寸的瓷砖通过拆包机拆解开外包装，放在传送带上送往下一个工序；清洗过程使用喷淋头进行清洗，通过喷淋头清洗瓷砖，去除瓷砖背面的颗粒物与灰尘，喷淋头通过加压泵泵出具有一定压力的水雾，使瓷砖上的颗粒物溶解或被流动的液滴带走，将清洗完成后的瓷砖以高压空气进行吹扫，直至表面完全干燥为止。
(2)将石墨烯或官能化石墨烯中的一种与聚酰亚胺树脂在转速为1-500rpm的搅拌釜中搅拌混合0.01-120min后，在料球比为1:1-1:100,球磨转速为30-1200rpm的球磨分散机中进行球磨分散0.01-120min，然后通过离心转速为30-12000rpm的离心机进行离心纯化0.01-15min，即得到发热涂料。
(3)将所述发热涂料通过电压为0.001v-300kv，气流量为0.001L/s-50L/s，气液比为1:0.01-1:100。的静电喷头喷涂附着至所述瓷砖上形成厚度为0.1-100um的所述发热涂层，通过波长为195nm-10um，光照强度为0.05lux-1000lux的光固化机对所述发热涂层进行固化，得到涂覆发热涂层的瓷砖。
(4)将导电材料通过机械手贴附引入所述涂覆发热涂层的瓷砖的表面，布线层厚度为0.1-200um，形状包括叉指电极,平行极板,同心圆等，形成导电通路，即得引入布线层的瓷砖。
(5)将保护层涂料通过辊涂辊间距为0.01mm-100mm，液膜厚度为0.05um-100um的辊涂机辊涂在所述引入布线层的瓷砖上形成厚度为0.05um-1000um的保护层后，用波长为195nm-10um，光照强度为0.05lux-1000lux的光固化机对所述保护层进行固化，即得所述发热瓷砖。
所述步骤(4)中的所述导电材料为导电胶、金属箔、导电胶带。
所述导电胶为导电炭黑、导电石墨、石墨烯炭纳米管、水系粘结剂、石墨导电胶、铜粉导电胶、银粉导电胶、导电金胶、导电银胶、导电铜胶、导电铝胶、导电锌胶、导电铁胶、导电镍胶、导电石墨胶、导电硅胶、碳导电胶带、铜导电胶带、石墨填充型导电胶、聚噻吩类导电高分子材料导电胶、聚吡咯类导电高分子材料导电胶中的一种；所述金属箔为铜、黄铜、铝、镍、金属合金或者复合金属箔中的一种；所述导电胶带为铜胶带或者铝箔胶带中的一种。
所述步骤(5)中的所述保护层涂料为复合硅酸盐隔热材料、无机活性保温材料、硅酸盐保温材料、陶瓷保温材料、胶粉聚苯颗粒、钢丝网采水泥泡沫板(舒乐板)、挤塑板XPS、硬泡聚氨酯保温板、喷涂聚氨酯硬泡、EPS泡沫板隔热材料、珍珠岩、硅藻土、石棉、岩棉、矿棉、蛭石、石灰石、空玻璃微珠、碳包覆隔热材料或聚氨酯阻燃防水卷材中的一种。
本实施例提供的所述发热瓷砖具有易于铺贴，不占层高，阻燃防火，不会热击穿，低电压驱动即可发热等优点。
实施例1：
一种发热瓷砖的制备方法，所述的制备方法包括如下的步骤：
(1)将尺寸为120mm*120mm的所述瓷砖通过拆包机进行拆包后，进行清洗和吹干。
(2)将石墨烯与聚酰亚胺树脂在转速为100rpm的搅拌釜中搅拌混合50min后，在料球比为1:100,球磨转速为200rpm的球磨分散机中进行球磨分散50min，然后通过离心转速为1000rpm的离心机进行离心纯化10min，即得到发热涂料。
(3)将所述发热涂料通过电压为100kv，气流量为10L/s，气液比为1:1。的静电喷头喷涂附着至所述瓷砖上形成厚度为50um的所述发热涂层，通过波长为275nm，光照强度为150lux的光固化机对所述发热涂层进行固化，得到涂覆发热涂层的瓷砖。
(4)将导电铝胶通过机械手贴附引入所述涂覆发热涂层的瓷砖的表面，布线层厚度为100um，形状为同心圆，形成导电通路，即得引入布线层的瓷砖。
(5)将石棉通过辊涂辊间距为20mm，液膜厚度为25um的辊涂机辊涂在所述引入布线层的瓷砖上形成厚度为700um的保护层后，用波长为195nm，光照强度为100lux的光固化机对所述保护层进行固化，即得所述发热瓷砖。
经过测量，涂层厚度为900微米。将导电通路与20V电压连接，发现发热层温度升高，之后再将导电通路与恒压电源连接，测量热功率和电热转换效率，得到热功率为600W,电热转化效率为95％。测量燃烧等级，得到该瓷砖的燃烧等级为A1级别。
实施例2：
一种发热瓷砖的制备方法，所述的制备方法包括如下的步骤：
(1)将尺寸为200mm*120mm的所述瓷砖通过拆包机进行拆包后，进行清洗和吹干。
(2)将石墨烯或官能化石墨烯中的一种与聚酰亚胺树脂在转速为200rpm的搅拌釜中搅拌混合120min后，在料球比为1:100,球磨转速为200rpm的球磨分散机中进行球磨分散50min，然后通过离心转速为100rpm的离心机进行离心纯化50min，即得到发热涂料。
(3)将所述发热涂料通过电压为300kv，气流量为20L/s，气液比为2:1。的静电喷头喷涂附着至所述瓷砖上形成厚度为100um的所述发热涂层，通过波长为300nm，光照强度为400lux的光固化机对所述发热涂层进行固化，得到涂覆发热涂层的瓷砖。
(4)将导电铜胶通过机械手贴附引入所述涂覆发热涂层的瓷砖的表面，布线层厚度为10um，形状为平行极版，形成导电通路，即得引入布线层的瓷砖。
(5)将石棉通过辊涂辊间距为10mm，液膜厚度为10um的辊涂机辊涂在所述引入布线层的瓷砖上形成厚度为600um的保护层后，用波长为500nm，光照强度为300lux的光固化机对所述保护层进行固化，即得所述发热瓷砖。
经过测量，涂层厚度为800微米。将导电通路与20V电压连接，发现发热层温度升高，之后再将导电通路与恒压电源连接，测量热功率和电热转换效率，得到热功率为7000W,电热转化效率为90％。测量燃烧等级，得到该瓷砖的燃烧等级为A1级别。
以上的实施方式不能限定本发明创造的保护范围，专业技术领域的人员在不脱离本发明创造整体构思的情况下，所做的均等修饰与变化，均仍属于本发明创造涵盖的范围之内。
Claims (12)
1.一种发热瓷砖的制备方法，其特征在于，所述的制备方法包括如下的步骤：
（1）将瓷砖通过拆包机进行拆包后，进行清洗和吹干；
（2）将石墨烯或官能化石墨烯中的一种与聚酰亚胺树脂在搅拌釜中搅拌混合后，在球磨分散机中进行球磨分散，然后通过离心机进行离心纯化，即得到发热涂料；
（3）将所述发热涂料通过静电喷头喷涂附着至所述瓷砖上形成所述发热涂层，通过光固化机对所述发热涂层进行固化，得到涂覆发热涂层的瓷砖；
（4）将导电材料通过机械手贴附引入所述涂覆发热涂层的瓷砖的表面，形成导电通路，即得引入布线层的瓷砖；
（5）将保护层涂料通过辊涂机辊涂在所述引入布线层的瓷砖上形成保护层后，用光固化机对所述保护层进行固化，即得所述发热瓷砖。
2.根据权利要求1所述的发热瓷砖的制备方法，其特征在于，所述步骤（2）中的所述搅拌釜的转速为1-500rpm，搅拌混合时长为0.01-120min。
3.根据权利要求1所述的发热瓷砖的制备方法，其特征在于，所述步骤（2）中的所述球磨分散机的料球比为1:1-1:100，球磨转速为30-1200rpm，球磨分散时长为0.01-120min。
4.根据权利要求1所述的发热瓷砖的制备方法，其特征在于，所述步骤（2）中的所述离心机的离心转速为30-12000rpm，离心纯化时长为0.01-15min。
5.根据权利要求1所述的发热瓷砖的制备方法，其特征在于，所述步骤（3）中的所述静电喷头的电压为0.001v-300kv，气流量为0.001L/s-50L/s，气液比为1:0.01-1:100。
6.根据权利要求1所述的发热瓷砖的制备方法，其特征在于，所述步骤（3）中的所述光固化机的波长为195nm-10um，光照强度为0.05lux-1000lux。
7.根据权利要求1所述的发热瓷砖的制备方法，其特征在于，所述步骤（4）中的所述导电材料为导电胶、金属箔、导电胶带。
8.根据权利要求7所述的发热瓷砖的制备方法，其特征在于，所述导电胶为导电炭黑、导电石墨、石墨烯炭纳米管、水系粘结剂 、石墨导电胶、铜粉导电胶、银粉导电胶、导电金胶、导电银胶、导电铜胶、导电铝胶、导电锌胶、导电铁胶、导电镍胶、导电石墨胶、导电硅胶、碳导电胶带、铜导电胶带、石墨填充型导电胶、聚噻吩类导电高分子材料导电胶、聚吡咯类导电高分子材料导电胶中的一种；所述金属箔为铜、黄铜、铝、镍、金属合金或者复合金属箔中的一种；所述导电胶带为铜胶带或者铝箔胶带中的一种。
9.根据权利要求1所述的发热瓷砖的制备方法，其特征在于，所述步骤（5）中的所述光固化机的波长为195nm-10um，光照强度为0.05lux-1000lux。
10.根据权利要求1所述的发热瓷砖的制备方法，其特征在于，所述步骤（5）中的所述辊涂的辊间距为0.01mm-100mm，液膜厚度为0.05um-100um。
11.根据权利要求1所述的发热瓷砖的制备方法，其特征在于，所述步骤（5）中的所述保护层涂料为复合硅酸盐隔热材料、无机活性保温材料、硅酸盐保温材料、陶瓷保温材料、胶粉聚苯颗粒、钢丝网采水泥泡沫板(舒乐板)、挤塑板XPS、硬泡聚氨酯保温板、喷涂聚氨酯硬泡、EPS泡沫板隔热材料、珍珠岩、硅藻土、石棉、岩棉、矿棉、蛭石、石灰石、空玻璃微珠、碳包覆隔热材料或聚氨酯阻燃防水卷材中的一种。
12.一种发热瓷砖，其特征在于，所述发热瓷砖由权利要求1-11中任一种方法制备而成。
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