CN110683968B - 一种稠油开采用泡沫剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种稠油开采用泡沫剂及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN110683968B
CN110683968B CN201910973106.2A CN201910973106A CN110683968B CN 110683968 B CN110683968 B CN 110683968B CN 201910973106 A CN201910973106 A CN 201910973106A CN 110683968 B CN110683968 B CN 110683968B
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郑万刚
钱钦
翟勇
吴国伟
徐涛
张仲平
张紫军
刘恒
赵云献
隋旭强
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Sinopec Research Institute of Petroleum Engineering Shengli Co
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种稠油开采过程中使用的化学剂,具体是一种稠油开采用泡沫剂及其制备方法。该泡沫剂由邻烷基苯异氰酸酯和烷基苯酚聚氧乙烯醚通过聚合反应制得到。所述的邻烷基苯异氰酸酯与烷基苯酚聚氧乙烯醚的摩尔比为1:1.0~1.2,优选为1:1.1。与市售泡沫剂相比具有耐温耐盐性能强的特点,耐温达300℃,耐矿化度50000mg/L;同时该泡沫剂使用浓度低,在使用浓度0.5wt%时,可降低特超稠油粘度99.0%以上,泡沫阻力因子>55。因此,本发明的泡沫剂可广泛地应用于稠油开采技术领域中。

Description

一种稠油开采用泡沫剂及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种稠油开采过程中使用的化学剂,具体是一种稠油开采用泡沫剂及其制备方法。
背景技术
近年来,国内油田如辽河油田、河南油田、克拉玛依油田等在化学法辅助蒸汽开采稠油方面进行了大量的研究工作和现场试验,从应用情况分析主要应用于蒸汽吞吐开发过程。高温氮气泡沫改善热采开发效果技术已应用多年,目前已成为调整吸汽剖面的主要技术之一。
研究表明,泡沫能有效封堵储层的高渗透层和优势通道,改善油藏的吸汽剖面,提高蒸汽的波及面积和驱油效率,增加油田周期产油量。其原理是在注蒸汽时通过加入一定比例的氮气和发泡剂,利用发泡剂在地层汽、水窜流孔道中产生高黏度泡沫流,增大流动阻力,降低蒸汽的渗流能力,从而使注汽压力升高,迫使其后注入的蒸汽转向低渗层、高含油饱和度区域,扩大蒸汽的波及体积;利用氮气泡沫“堵大不堵小”及“堵水不堵油”的作用,封堵高含水高渗层,实现蒸汽转向动用高含油饱和度层段的目的,从而实现降水增油、提高边水侵入油藏的开发效果。
研究显示,在蒸汽吞吐前三个周期,氮气泡沫调剖效果较好,但随着蒸汽吞吐轮次的增加,氮气泡沫调剖效果逐渐降低,其主要原因是蒸汽吞吐后高饱和度油藏区域的剩余油减少,而调剖区域的剩余油无法动用所致。目前有研究人员将氮气泡沫和表面活性剂共同使用,来提高油藏动用率。该技术虽然提高了高饱和度(低渗油藏)油藏区域的洗油率,但对于调剖区域的剩余油仍无法动用。
发明内容
本发明针对现有技术的不足而提供一种稠油开采用泡沫剂及其制备方法,解决了稠油油藏多轮次蒸汽吞吐后常规泡沫体系封窜效果差,采出程度低等问题。该泡沫剂具有在遇油消泡降粘、遇水起泡调剖的功能;与市售泡沫剂相比具有耐温耐盐性能强的特点,耐温达300℃,耐矿化度50000mg/L;同时该泡沫剂使用浓度低,在使用浓度0.5wt%时,可降低特超稠油粘度99.0%以上,泡沫阻力因子>55。
本发明的目的之一是公开了一种稠油开采用泡沫剂,该泡沫剂由邻烷基苯异氰酸酯和烷基苯酚聚氧乙烯醚通过聚合反应制得到,其分子式如下:
Figure BDA0002232749760000021
其中:m为3~6的自然数;
R1为C1~C5的直链或支链烷基;
R2为C2~C7的直链或支链烷基。
所述的邻烷基苯异氰酸酯与烷基苯酚聚氧乙烯醚的摩尔比为1:1.0~1.2,优选为1:1.1。
本发明的另一个目的是公开了上述泡沫剂的制备方法,所述的制备方法具体包括以下步骤:
(1)将邻烷基苯异氰酸酯、烷基苯酚聚氧乙烯醚和溶剂水加入到带有温度计、回流冷凝管和搅拌器的四口烧瓶中,边搅拌边加热,搅拌速率为200~400rpm,加热温度为30~60℃,通入氮气,通氮气的时间5~10min;
(2)然后将催化剂缓慢加入到四口烧瓶中,继续通入氮气,并将四口烧瓶加热温度升至65~85℃,搅拌速率调节至500~600rpm,反应4-7h后降温至室温,得到混合物;
(3)将上述混合物用旋转蒸发仪除去溶剂水,得到的粗产物,用无水乙醇洗涤3~5次,除去未反应的反应物,随后放置在80~100℃的烘箱内恒温24~48h,得到褐色粘稠液体,即为泡沫剂。
所述的溶剂水的用量为邻烷基苯异氰酸酯质量的5~10倍;所述的催化剂为二月桂酸二丁基锡,用量为邻烷基苯异氰酸酯质量的0.5%~1%;所述的无水乙醇用量为邻烷基苯异氰酸酯质量的0.5~3倍。
本发明的泡沫剂的制备方程式如下:
Figure BDA0002232749760000031
本发明的泡沫剂结构式中具有双苯环,苯环属于刚性结构,提高了分子的耐温性能,完全满足热采开发需求,同时分子上没有阴阳离子,具有强抗高矿化度的优势;分子上的多个氧原子可与水相形成强氢键,使气液两相间的膜更加稳定,因此形成的泡沫强度更大;结构中引入的长碳链聚醚具有较高的柔韧性,在消泡后更容易在油水界面富集,苯环及其引入的烷基与稠油更亲和,因此分子在油水界面也很稳定,从而形成较稳定的水包油乳液。因此在伴随蒸汽注入时,泡沫剂由于主要在气液界面,形成的泡沫强度大;而在稠油回采过程中,泡沫遇油消泡后,泡沫剂的亲油基团与稠油作用,亲水基团与水作用,在外力作用下,泡沫剂分子可剥离乳化稠油,提高高渗条带的洗油效率。
本发明与现有技术相比具有的有益效果和优点:
(1)本发明的消泡剂的原料来源广泛,合成工艺简单,过程清洁无污染,产物易于获得和运输保存;
(2)本发明的泡沫剂兼具调剖和降粘洗油双重作用,节约成本;
(3)本发明的泡沫剂具有耐温耐盐性能强,耐温达300℃,耐矿化度达50000mg/L;
(4)本发明的泡沫剂具有使用浓度低,在浓度0.5wt%时,泡沫阻力因子>55,对特超稠油的降粘率>99%。
具体实施例
下面结合具体的实施例,并参照数据进一步详细描述本发明。应理解,这些实施例只是为了举例说明本发明,而非以任何方式限制本发明的范围。
实施例1
(1)将1mol邻甲基苯异氰酸酯、1.0mol乙基苯酚聚氧乙烯醚(3)和5mol溶剂水加入到带有温度计、回流冷凝管和搅拌器的四口烧瓶中,边搅拌边加热,搅拌速率为200rpm,加热温度为50℃,通入氮气,通氮气的时间5min;
(2)然后将0.005mol催化剂二月桂酸二丁基锡缓慢加入到四口烧瓶中,继续通入氮气,并将四口烧瓶加热温度升至65℃,搅拌速率调节至500rpm,反应4h后降温至室温,得到混合物;
(3)将上述混合物用旋转蒸发仪除去溶剂水,得到的粗产物,用0.5mol无水乙醇洗涤3次,除去未反应的反应物,随后放置在80℃的烘箱内恒温24h,得到褐色粘稠液体,即为泡沫剂A1,经测试,A1最高耐矿化度达到65000mg/L,最高耐温达到350℃,产率为99.3%。
本发明的泡沫剂反应方程式如下:
Figure BDA0002232749760000041
实施例2
(1)将1mol邻丙基苯异氰酸酯、1.1mol烷基苯酚聚氧乙烯醚(4)和8mol溶剂水加入到带有温度计、回流冷凝管和搅拌器的四口烧瓶中,边搅拌边加热,搅拌速率为400rpm,加热温度为30℃,通入氮气,通氮气的时间7min;
(2)然后将0.006mol催化剂二月桂酸二丁基锡缓慢加入到四口烧瓶中,继续通入氮气,并将四口烧瓶加热温度升至72℃,搅拌速率调节至520rpm,反应5h后降温至室温,得到混合物;
(3)将上述混合物用旋转蒸发仪除去溶剂水,得到的粗产物,用1.5mol无水乙醇洗涤4次,除去未反应的反应物,随后放置在90℃的烘箱内恒温32h,得到褐色粘稠液体,即为泡沫剂A2,经测试,A2最高耐矿化度达到72000mg/L,最高耐温达到380℃,产率为99.7%。
本发明的泡沫剂反应方程式如下:
Figure BDA0002232749760000051
实施例3
(1)将1mol邻3-戊基苯异氰酸酯、1.2mol 2-丙基-1-丁基苯酚聚氧乙烯醚(6)和10mol溶剂水加入到带有温度计、回流冷凝管和搅拌器的四口烧瓶中,边搅拌边加热,搅拌速率为300rpm,加热温度为60℃,通入氮气,通氮气的时间10min;
(2)然后将0.01mol催化剂二月桂酸二丁基锡缓慢加入到四口烧瓶中,继续通入氮气,并将四口烧瓶加热温度升至85℃,搅拌速率调节至600rpm,反应7h后降温至室温,得到混合物;
(3)将上述混合物用旋转蒸发仪除去溶剂水,得到的粗产物,用3molg无水乙醇洗涤5次,除去未反应的反应物,随后放置在100℃的烘箱内恒温48h,得到褐色粘稠液体,即为泡沫剂A3,经测试,A3最高耐矿化度达到62000mg/L,最高耐温达到330℃,产率为99.5%。
本发明的泡沫剂反应方程式如下:
Figure BDA0002232749760000061
实施例4泡沫剂A1、A2、A3的降粘性能评价
分别取泡沫剂A1、A2、A3以及市售泡沫剂WP-1和WP-2型号的泡沫剂0.5g,用矿化水(50000mg/L)配制100g浓度为0.5w%的泡沫体系,搅拌均匀后备用。
本实验用油为胜利油田河口某区块的油样M(地面脱气粘度18970mPa.s),密度0.9835g/cm3,含水率31.7%,通过开展原油降粘、高温驱替等试验,确定不同泡沫剂的300℃高温处理后(72h处理时间)的阻力因子、降粘性能和破乳性能。阻力因子测试方法参照Q/SH1020 1967-2015《蒸汽吞吐用高温起泡剂通用技术条件》,降粘及破乳性能评价方法参照Q/SH 1020 1519-2016《稠油降粘剂通用标准》,结果见表1。
表1泡沫剂A1、A2、A3、WP-1和WP-2对油样M的降粘测试结果
Figure BDA0002232749760000062
根据上述评价结果,本发明的泡沫剂在高温处理72h后,仍具有较强的活性和起泡性能,其阻力因子均达到55以上,A2最高达到62,而市售泡沫剂WP-1和WP-2的阻力因子分别为28和36,明显低于本发明;降粘率达到99%以上,A2最高达到99.8,而市售泡沫剂WP-1和WP-2的降粘率分别为82.3%和83.6%,明显低于本发明;破乳率达到90%以上,而市售泡沫剂WP-1和WP-2的破乳率分别为72.4%和76.5%,明显低于本发明。本发明的泡沫剂A1、A2、A3均符合油田相关要求,相比市售起泡剂的综合性能优良,可满足特稠油油田热采开发需求。
实施例5泡沫剂A1、A2、A3的降粘性能评价
分别取泡沫剂A1、A2、A3以及市售泡沫剂WP-1和WP-2型号的泡沫剂0.5g,用矿化水(50000mg/L)配制100g浓度为0.5w%的泡沫体系,搅拌均匀后备用。
本实验用油为胜利油田孤东某区块的油样P(地面脱气粘度56380mPa.s),密度0.9917g/cm3,含水率26.1%,通过开展原油降粘、高温驱替等试验,确定不同泡沫剂的300℃高温处理后(72h处理时间)的阻力因子、降粘性能和破乳性能。阻力因子测试方法参照Q/SH1020 1967-2015《蒸汽吞吐用高温起泡剂通用技术条件》,降粘及破乳性能评价方法参照Q/SH 1020 1519-2016《稠油降粘剂通用标准》,结果见表2。
表2泡沫剂A1、A2、A3、WP-1和WP-2对油样P的降粘测试结果
Figure BDA0002232749760000071
根据上述评价结果,本发明的泡沫剂在高温处理72h后,仍具有较强的活性和起泡性能,其阻力因子均达到55以上,A2最高达到63,而市售泡沫剂WP-1和WP-2的阻力因子分别为24和32,明显低于本发明;降粘率达到99%以上,A2最高达到99.9,而市售泡沫剂WP-1和WP-2的降粘率分别为71.5%和73.5%,明显低于本发明;破乳率达到90%以上,而市售泡沫剂WP-1和WP-2的破乳率分别为73.9%和80.6%,明显低于本发明。本发明的泡沫剂A1、A2、A3均符合油田相关要求,相比市售起泡剂的综合性能优良,可满足特稠油油田热采开发需求。

Claims (8)

1.一种稠油开采用泡沫剂,其特征在于,该泡沫剂由邻烷基苯异氰酸酯和烷基苯酚聚氧乙烯醚通过聚合反应制得到,其分子式如下:
Figure FDA0002232749750000011
其中:m为3~6的自然数;
R1为C1~C5的直链或支链烷基;
R2为C2~C7的直链或支链烷基。
2.根据权利要求1所述的稠油开采用泡沫剂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的制备方法具体包括以下步骤:
(1)将邻烷基苯异氰酸酯、烷基苯酚聚氧乙烯醚和溶剂水加入到带有温度计、回流冷凝管和搅拌器的四口烧瓶中,边搅拌边加热,搅拌速率为200~400rpm,加热温度为30~60℃,通入氮气,通氮气的时间5~10min;
(2)然后将催化剂缓慢加入到四口烧瓶中,继续通入氮气,并将四口烧瓶加热温度升至65~85℃,搅拌速率调节至500~600rpm,反应4-7h后降温至室温,得到混合物;
(3)将上述混合物用旋转蒸发仪除去溶剂水,得到的粗产物,用无水乙醇洗涤3~5次,除去未反应的反应物,随后放置在80~100℃的烘箱内恒温24~48h,得到褐色粘稠液体,即为泡沫剂。
3.根据权利要求2所述的稠油开采用泡沫剂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的邻烷基苯异氰酸酯与烷基苯酚聚氧乙烯醚的摩尔比为1:1.0~1.2。
4.根据权利要求3所述的稠油开采用泡沫剂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的邻烷基苯异氰酸酯与烷基苯酚聚氧乙烯醚的摩尔比为1:1.1。
5.根据权利要求2所述的稠油开采用泡沫剂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的溶剂水的用量为邻烷基苯异氰酸酯质量的5~10倍。
6.根据权利要求2所述的稠油开采用泡沫剂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的催化剂为二月桂酸二丁基锡。
7.根据权利要求6所述的稠油开采用泡沫剂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的二月桂酸二丁基锡的用量为邻烷基苯异氰酸酯质量的0.5~1%。
8.根据权利要求2所述的稠油开采用泡沫剂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的无水乙醇用量为邻烷基苯异氰酸酯质量的0.5~3倍。
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