CN110683557A - 一种无氟条件下Sn-Beta沸石分子筛的合成方法 - Google Patents
一种无氟条件下Sn-Beta沸石分子筛的合成方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 239000002808 molecular sieve Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium aluminosilicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 238000001308 synthesis method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 23
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical group [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical group O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229940073455 tetraethylammonium hydroxide Drugs 0.000 claims description 8
- LRGJRHZIDJQFCL-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetraethylazanium;hydroxide Chemical group [OH-].CC[N+](CC)(CC)CC LRGJRHZIDJQFCL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- OSXGKVOYAKRLCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylpropan-2-olate;tin(4+) Chemical group CC(C)(C)O[Sn](OC(C)(C)C)(OC(C)(C)C)OC(C)(C)C OSXGKVOYAKRLCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- KHMOASUYFVRATF-UHFFFAOYSA-J tin(4+);tetrachloride;pentahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.Cl[Sn](Cl)(Cl)Cl KHMOASUYFVRATF-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000967 suction filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 7
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- 238000001027 hydrothermal synthesis Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910021627 Tin(IV) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 4
- HPGGPRDJHPYFRM-UHFFFAOYSA-J tin(iv) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Sn](Cl)(Cl)Cl HPGGPRDJHPYFRM-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 4
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- MWRWFPQBGSZWNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dinitrosopentamethylenetetramine Chemical compound C1N2CN(N=O)CN1CN(N=O)C2 MWRWFPQBGSZWNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000681 Silicon-tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000003795 desorption Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002354 inductively-coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006317 isomerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- LQJIDIOGYJAQMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N lambda2-silanylidenetin Chemical compound [Si].[Sn] LQJIDIOGYJAQMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002429 nitrogen sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001878 scanning electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006220 Baeyer-Villiger oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910008355 Si-Sn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910006453 Si—Sn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BOTDANWDWHJENH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetraethyl orthosilicate Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)OCC BOTDANWDWHJENH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005804 alkylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- CSDREXVUYHZDNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumanylidynesilicon Chemical compound [Al].[Si] CSDREXVUYHZDNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- LDDQLRUQCUTJBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium fluoride Chemical compound [NH4+].[F-] LDDQLRUQCUTJBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004517 catalytic hydrocracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012824 chemical production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910021485 fumed silica Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 231100000086 high toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000011968 lewis acid catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000449 magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
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- C01B39/00—Compounds having molecular sieve and base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolites; Their preparation; After-treatment, e.g. ion-exchange or dealumination
- C01B39/02—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof; Direct preparation thereof; Preparation thereof starting from a reaction mixture containing a crystalline zeolite of another type, or from preformed reactants; After-treatment thereof
- C01B39/06—Preparation of isomorphous zeolites characterised by measures to replace the aluminium or silicon atoms in the lattice framework by atoms of other elements, i.e. by direct or secondary synthesis
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- C01B39/02—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof; Direct preparation thereof; Preparation thereof starting from a reaction mixture containing a crystalline zeolite of another type, or from preformed reactants; After-treatment thereof
- C01B39/04—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof; Direct preparation thereof; Preparation thereof starting from a reaction mixture containing a crystalline zeolite of another type, or from preformed reactants; After-treatment thereof using at least one organic template directing agent, e.g. an ionic quaternary ammonium compound or an aminated compound
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种无氟条件下Sn‑Beta沸石分子筛的合成方法。该方法通过浓溶胶制备、加Beta分子筛晶种、恒温加热晶化等制备工艺得到Sn‑Beta沸石分子筛。本发明避免了高毒性氟物种的使用,所合成出的Sn‑Beta分子筛具有高锡量和高结晶度。本发明具有环境友好、价格低廉、工艺简单等优点。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于分子筛制备领域,特别涉及一种在无氟条件下通过浓溶胶快速合成Sn-Beta沸石分子筛的方法。
背景技术
自1967 年美国美孚公司Wadlinger R L等用水热法首次合成 Beta 沸石以来,在加氢裂化反应、异构化反应和烷基化反应等化工领域,Beta 沸石因其高的热稳定性和水热稳定性、良好的抗积炭性,展现出优异的催化性能。Sn 是第Ⅳ主族元素,原子半径为 0.14nm,119Sn MAS-NMR光谱证明,Sn与O 能够形成四面体,可取代 Beta 沸石骨架中的Al或Si,形成杂原子Sn-Beta沸石。经过20余年的研究, Sn-Beta 沸石已经成为一种重要的固体Lewis酸催化剂, 用于葡萄糖异构化,Baeyer-Villiger氧化等反应。Sn-Beta沸石的合成主要方法有水热法、同晶取代法和干胶法。3 种方法制备的沸石的物化性质和形貌各有不同。寻求制备高结晶度和高Sn含量的Sn-Beta 沸石的制备方法、简化合成过程、缩短晶化时间及降低合成成本是当前Sn-Beta沸石合成面临的挑战。
1997年,公开文献Chem. Commun,1997,5,425-426中报道了一种水热合成Sn-Beta沸石的方法。其技术特征是,在硅铝凝胶制备过程中,原料中加入结晶四氯化锡,水热合成Sn-Al-Beta沸石,用浓硝酸对Sn-Al-Beta沸石脱铝处理,以脱铝后沸石为晶种,再次水热合成,制备Sn-Beta沸石。该方法合成的Sn-Beta沸石中骨架Sn含量偏低,骨架中仍存在不少Al原子。
2001年,公开文献Nature,2001,412, 423-425改进了水热合成法,采用四乙基硅酸酯为硅源,结晶四氯化锡为Sn源,HF溶液为矿化剂,413K晶化11天,合成高结晶度Sn-Beta沸石。由于Si-Sn凝胶在水热条件下难以自发晶化成核,晶化时间一般需要 10 天以上,同时合成过程中需要腐蚀性强的含氟矿化剂,如 HF。在后续报导中,Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A., 2010, 107, 6164–6168,Angew. Chem. Int. Ed.,2012, 51, 11736 –11739,Green Chem., 2013, 15, 2101–2109,J. Mol. Catal. Chem., 2013, 379, 294- 302,Chem. Engin. J., 2013, 218, 425-432,Micropor. Mesopor. Mater.,2019, 287,85-92,RSCAdv.2012,2,10475-10477,ChemNanoMat,2015,1,155-158,J. Catal.2017,352,1-12,Micropor. Mesopor. Mater.2018,266, 242 -251等使用了不同的Sn源药品合成Sn-Beta沸石,但由于同样的问题,晶化时间过长以及含氟体系的使用会造成严重的能源浪费以及环境污染等,从而限制了这些方法的应用。
公开文献Inorg. Chem. Front.2018,5, 2763-2771以N-cyclohexyl-N,N-dimethylcyclohexanaminium hydroxide为结构导向剂,在无F-体系中水热合成不同Sn含量的Sn-Beta沸石。虽然在无F-体系中合成,但其使用的结构导向剂复杂,价格高昂,并且晶化时间过长,高达14天,影响了该工作的实用性。
同晶取代法制备 Sn-Beta 沸石主要有气态离子交换法Chin. J.Catal,2015,36,820-828,J. Phys Chem. C,2011,115, 3663-3670,J.Catal.2015,330, 545-557液态离子交换法Green Chemistry, 2013,15, 2777-2785和ACS Catalysis,2015,5, 928-940和固态离子交换法ACSCatal.2014,4, 2801-2810,ACS Catal,2016,6, 4047- 4063,Angew. Chem. Int. Ed.2012,51, 11736-11739, Chin. J. Catal,2017, 38, 426-433, App. Catal. A,Gen,2018,556, 52-63和中国发明专利(CN108727180A)制备Sn-Beta沸石。
相对于水热合成法,同晶取代法缩短制备时间,且可得到Sn含量较高的Sn-Beta沸石。但是,与含氟体系水热合成的样品相比,该法制备的沸石,结晶度较低,表面缺陷位多,亲水性强。
公开文献Chem. Engin. J,2013,218, 425-432报道了一种干胶法快速合成Sn-Beta沸石。其技术特征是,以气相二氧化硅为硅源,五水四氯化锡(SnCl4·5H2O)为锡源,四乙基氢氧化铵为模板剂,NH4F为矿化剂,晶化温度为180℃。该法能在3-6小时合成Sn-Beta沸石,但仍需在凝胶中添加NH4F矿化剂。公开文献Green Chem, 2015, 17, 2943-2951报道了一种干胶法合成Sn-Beta沸石。其技术特征是,以气相二氧化硅为硅源,叔丁醇锡为锡源,四乙基氢氧化铵为模板剂,晶化温度为180℃合成出Sn-Beta沸石。虽然没有添加含氟化合物,但是合成的Sn-Beta沸石结晶度较低,缺陷位较多。
除此之外,干胶法合成沸石分子筛需要使用特制的反应釜,该反应装置难于工业化放大。
发明内容
本发明的目的在克服现有技术的不足,提供一种陈化阶段无需加入含氟矿化剂,无氟条件下快速合成Sn-Beta沸石分子筛的方法。
为了实现上述目的,本发明采用如下技术方案:
一种无氟条件下Sn-Beta沸石分子筛的合成方法,包括如下步骤:
先将模板剂、碱源、锡源溶解在一起,再加入硅源,室温搅拌混合形成浓溶胶;并向浓溶胶中加入Beta分子筛晶种,控制水含量并转移到反应釜,于烘箱中恒温加热进行晶化反应;反应完成后室温冷却,然后将得到的产物抽滤、烘干,制得Sn-Beta沸石分子筛。
作为优选的,在上述的合成方法中,各原料的添加量的摩尔比范围为:硅源:碱源:模板剂:锡源=1:0.1~5:0.3~6:0.002~0.032。
作为优选的,在上述的合成方法中,所述的硅源为白炭黑,所述的碱源为氢氧化钠,所述的模板剂为四乙基氢氧化铵,所述的锡源为叔丁醇锡或五水合四氯化锡。
作为优选的,在上述的合成方法中,所述Beta分子筛晶种的添加量为硅源的质量比为1~15%。
作为优选的,在上述的合成方法中,所述晶化反应温度为120~200℃,晶化反应时间为1~6天。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果是:
1.本发明利用在无氟条件下通过浓溶胶合成Sn-Beta沸石分子筛的方法,避免了高毒性氟物种的使用,大大降低了合成风险。
2.本发明可在48小时内合成出硅锡比(Si/Sn)在50~200的高结晶度的Sn-Beta沸石分子筛,促进Sn-Beta分子筛的广泛应用。
3.本发明生产所采用的无机原料均对环境友好,价格较低廉,操作步骤简单可行,在实际化工生产领域具有重要意义。
附图说明
图1为实施例1产品的XRD谱图。
图2为实施例1产品的SEM谱图。
图3为实施例1产品的氮气吸脱附等温曲线。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图与具体实施方式对本发明作进一步详细描述:
实施例1:
将0.6g白炭黑,0.5g氢氧化钠溶液(质量分数20%),4.3g四乙基氢氧化铵(质量分数25%),0.0123g叔丁醇锡,1.2g过氧化氢(质量分数30%)及5.0%Beta分子筛晶种置于烧杯中,搅拌3~4h,称其质量,控制水含量在摩尔比范围为:硅源:水=8,于150℃恒温箱中加热晶化2d。晶化反应完成后将反应釜冷却至室温,打开釜并取出固体结晶产物进行洗涤,于60℃烘箱中烘干,得分子筛粉末。反应原料的配比如下:硅源:碱源:模板剂:锡源=1:0.8:5.1:0.0083,质量比1SiO2:0.050Beta seeds。
图1为产品的XRD表征谱图,该产品具有典型的BETA结构特征峰,而且产品结晶度较好。
图2为产品的SEM图,可以看出所合成的产品形貌均一。
图3为产品的氮气吸脱附等温曲线。
实施例2:
将1.5g白炭黑,0.9g氢氧化钠溶液(质量分数20%),3.1g四乙基氢氧化铵(质量分数25%)、0.0145g五水四氯化锡,及7.0% Beta分子筛晶种置于烧杯中,搅拌1~5h,称其质量,控制水含量在摩尔比范围为:硅源:水=10,于150℃恒温箱中加热晶化3d。晶化反应完成后将反应釜冷却至室温,打开釜并取出固体结晶产物进行洗涤,于60℃烘箱中烘干,得分子筛粉末。反应原料的配比如下:硅源:碱源:模板剂:锡源=1:2.1:4.5: 0.0140,质量比1SiO2:0.070Beta seeds。
实施例3:
将0.6g白炭黑,0.5g氢氧化钠溶液(质量分数20%),2.8g四乙基氢氧化铵(质量分数25%)、0.0053g叔丁醇锡及9.0% Beta分子筛晶种置于烧杯中,搅拌1~5h,称其质量,控制水含量在摩尔比范围为:硅源:水=5,于150℃恒温箱中加热晶化3d。晶化反应完成后将反应釜冷却至室温,打开釜并取出固体结晶产物进行洗涤,于60℃烘箱中烘干,得分子筛粉末。反应原料的配比如下::硅源:碱源:模板剂:锡源=1:3.6:5.4: 0.0241,质量比1SiO2:0.090Beta seeds。
实施例4:
将2.9g白炭黑,1.1g氢氧化钠溶液(质量分数20%),3.2g四乙基氢氧化铵(质量分数25%)、0.0083g五水四氯化锡及11.0% Beta分子筛晶种置于烧杯中,搅拌1~4h,称其质量,控制水含量在摩尔比范围为:硅源:水=12,于150℃恒温箱中加热晶化4d。晶化反应完成后将反应釜冷却至室温,打开釜并取出固体结晶产物进行洗涤,于60℃烘箱中烘干,得分子筛粉末。反应原料的配比如下:硅源:碱源:模板剂:锡源=1: 2.5: 5.7: 0.0321,质量比1SiO2:0.110Beta seeds。
实施例样品的硅锡比及比表面数据如下表所示。
实施例样品的硅锡比及比表面数据表
实施例 | 硅锡比(Si/Sn)<sup>a</sup> | 比表面积/(m<sup>2</sup>/g) | 微孔体积/(cm<sup>3</sup>/g) |
1 | 96.81 | 623.01 | 0.217 |
2 | 147.74 | 568.28 | 0.202 |
3 | 49.06 | 521.73 | 0.173 |
4 | 55.79 | 465.88 | 0.163 |
a.ICP-AES, Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometer. 电离源是感应耦合等离子体-原子吸收光谱测定。
Claims (5)
1.一种无氟条件下Sn-Beta沸石分子筛的合成方法,其特征在于包括如下步骤:
先将模板剂、碱源、锡源溶解在一起,再加入硅源,室温搅拌混合形成浓溶胶;并向浓溶胶中加入Beta分子筛晶种,控制水含量在摩尔比范围为:硅源:水=5~12,转移到反应釜,于烘箱中恒温加热进行晶化反应;反应完成后室温冷却,然后将得到的产物抽滤、烘干,制得Sn-Beta沸石分子筛。
2.根据权利要求1所述的合成方法,其特征在于,各原料的添加量的摩尔比范围为:硅源:碱源:模板剂:锡源=1:0.1~5:0.3~6:0.002~0.032。
3.根据权利要求1所述的合成方法,其特征在于所述的硅源为白炭黑,所述的碱源为氢氧化钠,所述的模板剂为四乙基氢氧化铵,所述的锡源为叔丁醇锡或五水合四氯化锡。
4.根据权利要求1所述的合成方法,其特征在于Beta分子筛晶种的添加量为硅源的质量比为1~15%。
5.根据权利要求1所述的合成方法,其特征在于,所述晶化反应温度为120~200℃,晶化反应时间为1~6天。
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