CN110665043A - 一种医用敷料及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种医用敷料及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN110665043A
CN110665043A CN201910905863.6A CN201910905863A CN110665043A CN 110665043 A CN110665043 A CN 110665043A CN 201910905863 A CN201910905863 A CN 201910905863A CN 110665043 A CN110665043 A CN 110665043A
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CN110665043B (zh
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汤玉斐
刘照伟
赵康
郑婉星
毛博博
李丹青
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Xian University of Technology
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Abstract

本发明提供一种医用敷料，包括顺次紧密连接的荷正电防护层、吸水海绵层、压电修复层，所述荷正电防护层、吸水海绵层、压电修复层均为静电纺丝法制备的纳米纤维。本发明还提供该医用敷料的制备方法，通过静电纺丝法将荷正电材料、吸水材料、压电材料相复合，构建了具有多层结构的多功能型医用敷料。本发明制备的多功能型医用敷料充分利用了纳米纤维的高透气性、荷正电层对细菌病毒的吸附隔离性、吸水海绵层的强吸水膨胀性以及压电修复层的电刺激修复作用，通过构建多层结构，经紫外光交联杀菌后复合而成。该多功能型敷料无菌无害，功能强大，将在战场救护、创口修复、皮肤治疗等领域有着巨大的应用价值和广阔的市场前景。

Description

一种医用敷料及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于医用敷料制备领域，具体涉及一种医用敷料，本发明还涉及该医用敷料的制备方法。
背景技术
医用敷料常用于覆盖疮、伤口或其他损害的医用材料，包括天然纱布、合成纤维类敷料等。其能防止伤口再伤害，对伤口的温度和湿度进行妥善调节，减少并发症和防止自然愈合过程中的感染现象。但现有的敷料仍存在吸收渗液能力差、透气性差、抑菌效果较差等缺点，除此之外伤口的愈合也全依赖于患者自身的恢复能力，无法起到促进愈合的作用。
中国专利《一种抗菌止血敷料的制备方法》(申请号：201510845519.4，申请公布号：CN 105381497 A，公布日：2016.03.09)提供一种抗菌止血敷料的制备方法，通过化学引发在基材的纤维上接枝活性单体后交联处理，然后引入壳聚糖和海藻酸钠得到抗菌止血敷料。制得的敷料具有抗菌、止血和促进愈合等效果，然而仍存在吸收渗液能力较差的问题。
中国专利《一种战场救护用多功能无菌敷料贴及其使用方法》(申请号：201510151534.9，申请公布号：CN 104720979 A，公布日：2015.06.24)设计了一种战场救护用多功能无菌敷料贴，从上至下依次为不粘胶层、纱布层、背衬层和封膜层，该多功能无菌敷料贴透气性好，吸水力强，杜绝了厌氧菌赖以生存的无氧环境，然而对于伤口的愈合无法起到促进作用。
中国专利《一种新型医用绷带》(申请号：201710398688.7，申请公布号：CN107320242 A，公布日：2017.11.07)了一种新型医用绷带，从外层到内层，依次包括无纺布层、纬纱层、经纱层和聚氨酯海绵层，可以有效防止所包裹伤口处的感染，并且能够促进伤口的愈合。然而仍然存在吸收渗液能力较差、无法促进伤口愈合等问题。
中国专利《防粘抗菌医用绷带的制备方法及其产品》(申请号：201811265274.8，申请公布号：CN 109529091 A，公布日：2019.03.29)采用防粘无纺布层、抗菌无纺布层和粘胶无纺布层制备的医用绷带具有抗菌、组织相容性高、促进愈合等优点，但透气能力无法保证，吸收渗液能力也较差。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种医用敷料，解决了现有医用敷料透气效果差、吸收渗液能力差以及无法促进伤口愈合的问题，提高了医用敷料对伤口的保护效果，避免二次伤害。
本发明的另一目的是提供上述医用敷料的制备方法。
本发明的技术方案是一种医用敷料，包括顺次紧密连接的荷正电防护层、吸水海绵层、压电修复层，荷正电防护层、吸水海绵层、压电修复层均为静电纺丝法制备的纳米纤维。
本发明的另一技术方案是上述医用敷料的制备方法，具体按照如下步骤进行：
步骤1：荷正电防护层的制备：
先将可纺聚合物A、荷正电颗粒加入到溶剂A中配制纺丝液A，再将纺丝液A置入推进泵中，调节静电纺丝参数得到荷正电防护层；
步骤2：吸水海绵层的制备；
先将可纺聚合物B、添加剂加入到溶剂B中配制纺丝液B，再将纺丝液B置入推进泵中，调节静电纺丝参数得到吸水海绵层；
步骤3：压电修复层的制备；
先将可纺聚合物C、压电颗粒加入到溶剂C中配制纺丝液C，再将纺丝液C置入推进泵中，调节静电纺丝参数得到压电修复层；
步骤4：敷料紫外光照处理：
将经过步骤1、2、3后得到的荷正电防护层、吸水海绵层、压电修复层进行紫外光照处理，得到医用敷料。
步骤1中可纺聚合物A为聚砜、聚苯乙烯、聚丙烯腈等中的任意一种；荷正电颗粒为氧化锆、氧化钇、氧化锌等中的任意一种；溶剂A为N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、四氢呋喃、氯仿、丙酮、二甲基亚砜中的一种或几种的混合溶液。
步骤1中配制的纺丝液A按质量百分比由以下物质组成：可纺聚合物A10％～35％，荷正电颗粒5％～10％，溶剂A55％～85％，以上组分总和为100％；静电纺丝参数包含：纺丝电压为18～25kv，推进速度为0.005ml/min～0.037ml/min，接收距离为15cm～20cm，纺丝时间为30min-60min。
步骤2中可纺聚合物B为聚乙烯醇、聚乳酸、醋酸纤维素等中的任意一种；添加剂为丙烯酸、丙烯酰胺、甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯、N,N-二甲基双丙烯酰胺组成的混合物；溶剂B为水、乙醇、氯仿、丙酮、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺的一种或几种的混合溶液。
步骤2中配制的纺丝液B按质量百分比由以下物质组成：可纺聚合物B7％～13％，添加剂3％～7％，溶剂B80％～90％，以上组分总和为100％；静电纺丝参数包含：纺丝电压为14～18kv，推进速度为0.005ml/min～0.025ml/min，接收距离为15cm～18cm，纺丝时间为60min-100min。
步骤3中可纺聚合物C为聚偏氟乙烯；压电颗粒为BaTiO3、BiFeO3、Bi4Ti3O12、KNbO3、NaNbO3、Na0.5K0.5NbO3等中的一种或多种；溶剂C为N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺、丙酮、四氢呋喃中的一种或几种的混合溶液。
步骤3中配制的纺丝液C按质量百分比由以下物质组成：可纺聚合物C20％～24％，压电颗粒0％～10％，溶剂C66％～80％，以上组分总和为100％；静电纺丝参数包含：纺丝电压为20～24kv，推进速度为0.04ml/min～0.08ml/min，接收距离为15cm～18cm，纺丝时间为20min-40min。
步骤4敷料紫外光照处理，具体为：将经过步骤1、2、3后得到的荷正电防护层、吸水海绵层、压电修复层进行紫外光照处理，紫外灯功率为30W-100W，光照时间为30min-90min，得到医用敷料。
本发明的有益效果如下：一种医用敷料具有抗菌、透气性良好、吸收渗液能力好、可促进伤口愈合的功能。该敷料从外到内包括荷正电防护层、吸水海绵层、压电修复层，各层之间紧密连接。其中由静电纺丝制备的荷正电防护层由纳米纤维搭建而成，透气效果好，并且其表面的荷正电对于细菌病毒等具有极强的吸附性，有效隔离外界细菌病毒对于伤口的感染；中间的吸水海绵层具有极强的吸水性，能够有效去除伤口渗液，使得伤口处保持干燥，并且其吸水后膨胀将对内层的压电修复层起到挤压作用；最内层的压电修复层在挤压作用下将出现压电效应，微弱的电刺激有利于伤口愈合，促进组织的恢复；复合敷料中间层在紫外光照下交联，三层结构紧密连接，进一步增强了对细菌病毒的隔离，同时紫外光还具有杀菌作用，因此制备的多功能型医用敷料无菌无害，功能强大，将在战场救护、创口修复、皮肤治疗等领域有着巨大的应用价值和广阔的市场前景。
附图说明
图1是本发明一种医用敷料的结构示意图。
其中，1.荷正电防护层，2.吸水海绵层，3.压电修复层。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图及具体实施方式对本发明进行详细说明。
如图1所示，一种医用敷料包括由上到下顺次紧密连接的荷正电防护层1、吸水海绵层2、压电修复层3，所述荷正电防护层1、吸水海绵层2、压电修复层3均为静电纺丝法制备的纳米纤维。
实施例1
先将3.5g聚苯乙烯、1g氧化锆颗粒加入到5.5gN,N-二甲基甲酰胺中配制纺丝液A。再将纺丝液A置入推进泵中，调节静电纺丝参数为：纺丝电压为18kv，推进速度为0.005ml/min，接收距离为15cm，纺丝时间为60min，得到荷正电防护层；将0.7g聚乙烯醇、0.1g丙烯酸(AA)、0.1g丙烯酰胺(AM)、0.1g N,N-二甲基双丙烯酰胺并加入到9g水中配制纺丝液B，将纺丝液B置入推进泵中，调节静电纺丝参数即调节纺丝电压为18kv，推进速度为0.005ml/min，接收距离为15cm，纺丝时间为100min，得到吸水海绵层；将2g聚偏氟乙烯并加入到8g N,N-二甲基甲酰胺中配制纺丝液C，将纺丝液C置入推进泵中，调节静电纺丝参数即调节纺丝电压为20kv，推进速度为0.04ml/min，接收距离为15cm，纺丝时间为40min，得到压电修复层。
将经过上述步骤后得到的复合纤维膜层进行紫外光照处理，紫外灯功率为30W，光照时间为90min，得到具有抗菌、透气性良好、吸收渗液能力好、可促进伤口愈合的多功能型医用敷料。
实施例2
将1g聚丙烯腈、0.5g氧化钇颗粒加入到6.5gN,N-二甲基甲酰胺与2g四氢呋喃混合溶剂中配制纺丝液A，将纺丝液A置入推进泵中，调节静电纺丝参数即调节纺丝电压为20kv，推进速度为0.03ml/min，接收距离为18cm，纺丝时间为40min，得到荷正电防护层；将1g醋酸纤维素、0.2g丙烯酸(AA)、0.2g甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯、0.1g N,N-二甲基双丙烯酰胺并加入到3g氯仿与5.5gN,N-二甲基甲酰胺混合溶剂中配制纺丝液B，将纺丝液B置入推进泵中，调节静电纺丝参数即调节纺丝电压为18kv，推进速度为0.02ml/min，接收距离为17cm，纺丝时间为80min，得到吸水海绵层；将2.4g聚偏氟乙烯、0.3gBiFeO3并加入到5.3g N,N-二甲基甲酰胺与2g丙酮混合溶剂中配制纺丝液C，将纺丝液C置入推进泵中，调节静电纺丝参数即调节纺丝电压为22kv，推进速度为0.06ml/min，接收距离为17cm，纺丝时间为25min，得到压电修复层。
将经过上述步骤后得到的复合纤维膜层进行紫外光照处理，紫外灯功率为100W，光照时间为30min，得到具有抗菌、透气性良好、吸收渗液能力好、可促进伤口愈合的多功能型医用敷料。
实施例3
将1.5g聚砜、0.8g氧化锌颗粒加入到3g氯仿与4.7g二甲基亚砜混合溶剂中配制纺丝液A，将纺丝液A置入推进泵中，调节静电纺丝参数即调节纺丝电压为18kv，推进速度为0.01ml/min，接收距离为16cm，纺丝时间为60min，得到荷正电防护层；将1.3g聚乳酸、0.3g丙烯酸(AA)、0.3g丙烯酰胺(AM)、0.1g N,N-二甲基双丙烯酰胺并加入到4g N,N-二甲基甲酰胺与4g丙酮混合溶剂中配制纺丝液B，将纺丝液B置入推进泵中，调节静电纺丝参数即调节纺丝电压为15kv，推进速度为0.015ml/min，接收距离为15cm，纺丝时间为90min，得到吸水海绵层；将2.3g聚偏氟乙烯、0.5g KNbO3并加入到4.2g N,N-二甲基乙酰胺与3g丙酮混合溶剂中配制纺丝液C，将纺丝液C置入推进泵中，调节静电纺丝参数即调节纺丝电压为24kv，推进速度为0.05ml/min，接收距离为16cm，纺丝时间为30min，得到压电修复层。将经过上述步骤后得到的复合纤维膜层进行紫外光照处理，紫外灯功率为60W，光照时间为80min，得到具有抗菌、透气性良好、吸收渗液能力好、可促进伤口愈合的多功能型医用敷料。
实施例4
将2g聚丙烯腈、1g氧化锆颗粒加入到7g N,N-二甲基甲酰胺中配制纺丝液A，将纺丝液A置入推进泵中，调节静电纺丝参数即调节纺丝电压为22kv，推进速度为0.02ml/min，接收距离为16cm，纺丝时间为50min，得到荷正电防护层；将0.8g聚乙烯醇、0.2g丙烯酸(AA)、0.15g丙烯酰胺(AM)、0.05gN,N-二甲基双丙烯酰胺并加入到8.8g水与乙醇混合溶剂中配制纺丝液B，将纺丝液B置入推进泵中，调节静电纺丝参数即调节纺丝电压为16kv，推进速度为0.01ml/min，接收距离为18cm，纺丝时间为70min，得到吸水海绵层；将2.2g聚偏氟乙烯、0.6g Bi4Ti3O12并加入到5.2g N,N-二甲基甲酰胺与2g四氢呋喃混合溶剂中配制纺丝液C，将纺丝液C置入推进泵中，调节静电纺丝参数即调节纺丝电压为22kv，推进速度为0.04ml/min，接收距离为16cm，纺丝时间为35min，得到压电修复层。将经过上述步骤后得到的复合纤维膜层进行紫外光照处理，紫外灯功率为80W，光照时间为60min，得到具有抗菌、透气性良好、吸收渗液能力好、可促进伤口愈合的多功能型医用敷料。
实施例5
将3g聚苯乙烯、0.9g氧化钇颗粒加入到4.1g N,N-二甲基甲酰胺与2g丙酮混合溶剂中配制纺丝液A，将纺丝液A置入推进泵中，调节静电纺丝参数即调节纺丝电压为25kv，推进速度为0.037ml/min，接收距离为20cm，纺丝时间为30min，得到荷正电防护层；将0.9g醋酸纤维素、0.3g丙烯酸(AA)、0.15g丙烯酰胺(AM)、0.05g N,N-二甲基双丙烯酰胺并加入到4.6g丙酮与4g氯仿混合溶剂中配制纺丝液B，将纺丝液B置入推进泵中，调节静电纺丝参数即调节纺丝电压为14kv，推进速度为0.025ml/min，接收距离为16cm，纺丝时间为60min，得到吸水海绵层；在吸水海绵层下表面添2.4g聚偏氟乙烯、0.7g BaTiO3与0.3gNaNbO3并加入到4.6g N,N-二甲基甲酰胺与2g丙酮混合溶剂中配制纺丝液C，将纺丝液C置入推进泵中，调节静电纺丝参数即调节纺丝电压为24kv，推进速度为0.08ml/min，接收距离为18cm，纺丝时间为20min，得到压电修复层。将经过上述步骤后得到的复合纤维膜层进行紫外光照处理，紫外灯功率为100W，光照时间为40min，得到具有抗菌、透气性良好、吸收渗液能力好、可促进伤口愈合的多功能型医用敷料。
其中，表1为实施例1所得多功能型医用敷料的抑菌率及吸水倍率。从表中可以看出，普通无纺布敷料的抑菌率一般在70％-80％，对于细菌的隔离效果较差，而多功能型医用敷料的抑菌率可达到99.5％-100％，具有较好的细菌隔离吸附作用。并且相对于普通无纺布敷料的吸水倍率而言，多功能型医用敷料的吸水倍率明显提高，对于吸收伤口渗液和保持伤口环境干燥效果显著。
表1
材料类别 抑菌率 吸水倍率
普通无纺布敷料 70％-80％ 3％-15％
多功能型医用敷料 99.5％-100％ 75％-89％
由此，本发明一种医用敷料，这种多层结构的纳米纤维膜将能充分利用各层的优势，隔离细菌病毒、透气性良好，吸收渗液并促进伤口愈合，将在战场救护、创口修复、皮肤治疗等领域有着广阔的市场前景。

Claims (9)

1.一种医用敷料，其特征在于，包括顺次紧密连接的荷正电防护层、吸水海绵层、压电修复层，所述荷正电防护层、吸水海绵层、压电修复层均为静电纺丝法制备的纳米纤维。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种医用敷料制备方法，其特征在于，具体按照如下步骤进行：
步骤1：荷正电防护层的制备：
先将可纺聚合物A、荷正电颗粒加入到溶剂A中配制纺丝液A，再将纺丝液A置入推进泵中，调节静电纺丝参数得到荷正电防护层；
步骤2：吸水海绵层的制备；
先将可纺聚合物B、添加剂加入到溶剂B中配制纺丝液B，再将纺丝液B置入推进泵中，调节静电纺丝参数得到吸水海绵层；
步骤3：压电修复层的制备；
先将可纺聚合物C、压电颗粒加入到溶剂C中配制纺丝液C，再将纺丝液C置入推进泵中，调节静电纺丝参数得到压电修复层；
步骤4：敷料紫外光照处理：
将经过步骤1、2、3后得到的荷正电防护层、吸水海绵层、压电修复层进行紫外光照处理，得到医用敷料。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种医用敷料制备方法，其特征在于，所述步骤1中可纺聚合物A为聚砜、聚苯乙烯、聚丙烯腈等中的任意一种；荷正电颗粒为氧化锆、氧化钇、氧化锌等中的任意一种；溶剂A为N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、四氢呋喃、氯仿、丙酮、二甲基亚砜中的一种或几种的混合溶液。
4.根据权利要求3所述的一种医用敷料制备方法，其特征在于，所述步骤1中配制的纺丝液A按质量百分比由以下物质组成：可纺聚合物A10％～35％，荷正电颗粒5％～10％，溶剂A55％～85％，以上组分总和为100％；静电纺丝参数包含：纺丝电压为18～25kv，推进速度为0.005ml/min～0.037ml/min，接收距离为15cm～20cm，纺丝时间为30min-60min。
5.根据权利要求2所述的一种医用敷料制备方法，其特征在于，所述步骤2中可纺聚合物B为聚乙烯醇、聚乳酸、醋酸纤维素等中的任意一种；添加剂为丙烯酸、丙烯酰胺、甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯、N,N-二甲基双丙烯酰胺组成的混合物；溶剂B为水、乙醇、氯仿、丙酮、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺的一种或几种的混合溶液。
6.根据权利要求5所述的一种医用敷料制备方法，其特征在于，所述步骤2中配制的纺丝液B按质量百分比由以下物质组成：可纺聚合物B7％～13％，添加剂3％～7％，溶剂B80％～90％，以上组分总和为100％；静电纺丝参数包含：纺丝电压为14～18kv，推进速度为0.005ml/min～0.025ml/min，接收距离为15cm～18cm，纺丝时间为60min-100min。
7.根据权利要求2所述的一种医用敷料制备方法，其特征在于，所述步骤3中可纺聚合物C为聚偏氟乙烯；压电颗粒为BaTiO3、BiFeO3、Bi4Ti3O12、KNbO3、NaNbO3、Na0.5K0.5NbO3等中的一种或多种；溶剂C为N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺、丙酮、四氢呋喃中的一种或几种的混合溶液。
8.根据权利要求7所述的一种医用敷料制备方法，其特征在于，所述步骤3中配制的纺丝液C按质量百分比由以下物质组成：可纺聚合物C20％～24％，压电颗粒0％～10％，溶剂C66％～80％，以上组分总和为100％；静电纺丝参数包含：纺丝电压为20～24kv，推进速度为0.04ml/min～0.08ml/min，接收距离为15cm～18cm，纺丝时间为20min-40min。
9.根据权利要求2所述的一种医用敷料制备方法，其特征在于，所述步骤4敷料紫外光照处理，具体为：将经过步骤1、2、3后得到的荷正电防护层、吸水海绵层、压电修复层进行紫外光照处理，紫外灯功率为30W-100W，光照时间为30min-90min，得到医用敷料。
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CN114474708A (zh) * 2021-09-16 2022-05-13 兰州大学 一种用于压电促愈合型伤口敷料制备的3d打印技术
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CN115387029A (zh) * 2022-08-23 2022-11-25 西安理工大学 一种条纹结构自供电创口贴的制备方法

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CN113304302A (zh) * 2021-05-25 2021-08-27 南通大学 促进高渗出性伤口愈合的防粘连医用敷料及其制备方法
CN114474708A (zh) * 2021-09-16 2022-05-13 兰州大学 一种用于压电促愈合型伤口敷料制备的3d打印技术
CN115387029A (zh) * 2022-08-23 2022-11-25 西安理工大学 一种条纹结构自供电创口贴的制备方法
CN115387029B (zh) * 2022-08-23 2024-05-17 北京倍美药业有限公司 一种条纹结构自供电创口贴的制备方法

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