CN110658311A - Device and method for measuring fruit respiration rate - Google Patents
Device and method for measuring fruit respiration rate Download PDFInfo
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- CN110658311A CN110658311A CN201911022017.6A CN201911022017A CN110658311A CN 110658311 A CN110658311 A CN 110658311A CN 201911022017 A CN201911022017 A CN 201911022017A CN 110658311 A CN110658311 A CN 110658311A
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- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 102
- 230000029058 respiratory gaseous exchange Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 63
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 230000029553 photosynthesis Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000010672 photosynthesis Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000000243 photosynthetic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 241000220225 Malus Species 0.000 description 12
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 8
- 235000012055 fruits and vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000241 respiratory effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004448 titration Methods 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000001110 calcium chloride Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001628 calcium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000002427 irreversible effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000036387 respiratory rate Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000014443 Pyrus communis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 101710194099 Thiamine-phosphate synthase 2 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002479 acid--base titration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005273 aeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000021016 apples Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000003556 assay Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005059 dormancy Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000033116 oxidation-reduction process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 210000002345 respiratory system Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000005070 ripening Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012780 transparent material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005068 transpiration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004580 weight loss Effects 0.000 description 1
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- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
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Abstract
A device and a method for measuring the respiration rate of fruits belong to the technical field of fruit respiration rate measurement. The apparatus comprises a closed CO2Assimilation chamber and photosynthesis apparatus, wherein the photosynthesis apparatus is provided with two CO2One end of the detector, one end of the air inlet pipeline and one end of the air outlet pipeline are respectively connected with CO2A detector with the other end connected with CO2Assimilation chamber, introducing CO via air inlet pipeline2When measuring, the fruit is placed in sealed CO2Assimilation of indoor CO2Assimilation of indoor CO2The variation is the difference generated by the respiration of the fruit. The invention is in a sealed state during measurement, and the measured data is accurate. According to the invention, the bracket is arranged below the assimilation chamber, so that the assimilation chamber can leave the test bed, the air inlet and outlet pipeline is connected to the bottom of the assimilation chamber, air is introduced from the lower part, and the fan is used for uniformly mixing. The method can be used for rapidly and accurately measuring the respiration rate of the fruits, and provides a basis for setting the postharvest storage conditions of the fruits and further research.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of fruit respiration rate measurement, and particularly relates to a device and a method for measuring fruit respiration rate.
Background
The fruit and vegetable crops are picked and stored in time according to the maturity of the fruits and vegetables in the growing and gradually maturing process, the maturity can change according to the storage environment and the storage time, the maturity is the best when the fruits breathe the highest peak and the ethylene release amount is the most, and the taste and the quality of the fruits are the best; how to measure the respiration rate and the ethylene release amount is crucial to judge the maturity of the fruits, and has important significance for the research on the storage of the picked fruits.
In addition, because the fruits and vegetables have the characteristics of high water content, easy damage, multiple varieties, easy decay and deterioration and the like, generally, after picking, the fruits and vegetables gradually lose water due to physiological phenomena such as respiration, transpiration, ethylene ripening acceleration, dormancy and the like, and are influenced by the respiration of the fruits and vegetables and the storage environment in the storage process, so that the fruits and vegetables wither, and the quality problems such as water loss, weight loss, quick softening, fruit decay, pulp browning and the like which influence the quality are easy to occur. Therefore, how to monitor the respiration rate of fruits and vegetables in the cold-chain logistics environment is an important problem.
The existing measuring method generally adopts two ways of measuring by alkali titration or oxygen electrode. The alkali titration method is to absorb the CO released from the fruit in a certain time by using quantitative alkali liquor2Measuring, titrating the residual alkali with acid to calculate the CO released by respiration2The respiration intensity was determined. The method has complicated operation steps and requires a long time for measuring one sample. The consistency of results among the same sample and different repetitions is difficult to ensure, and meanwhile, the results are also subjected to larger errors caused by multi-step acid-base titration reactions. The oxygen electrode method is a method for measuring the oxidation-reduction potential difference generated by positive and negative electrodes caused by dissolved oxygen in solution after isolated fruit flesh is breathed by cutting part of fruit flesh by using an oxygen electrode, and the respiratory rate measured by the method is the respiratory intensity of the reaction part of fruit flesh, has irreversible damage to the fruit and is not the respiratory intensity of the reaction whole fruit at the same time. Therefore, the invention provides a method for measuring fruit respiration, which is simple and convenient to operate and does not damage fruitsThe method of the absorption rate is necessary, and provides necessary prerequisites for the research of the storage condition and the storage quality of the fruit after harvest.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical problems, the invention provides a device and a method for measuring the respiration rate of fruits, the device can measure the respiration rate of the whole fruits, the measuring method is simple and convenient, no damage is caused to the fruits, the measured fruits can still be used for measuring other parameters, and experimental materials which are difficult to obtain are saved.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the invention relates to a device for measuring the respiration rate of fruits, which comprises closed CO2Assimilation chamber and photosynthesis apparatus, wherein the photosynthesis apparatus is provided with two CO2One end of the detector, one end of the air inlet pipeline and one end of the air outlet pipeline are respectively connected with CO2A detector with the other end connected with CO2Assimilation chamber, introducing CO via air inlet pipeline2When measuring, the fruit is placed in sealed CO2Assimilation of indoor CO2Assimilation of indoor CO2The variation is the difference generated by the respiration of the fruit.
Preferably, the CO is2Assimilation indoor is equipped with the base of placing the fruit, and it has inlet port and venthole to open on the base, sets up the fan below the base, through fan mixing CO2Assimilating the gas in the chamber.
Preferably, the air inlet of the air inlet pipeline and the air outlet of the air outlet pipeline are respectively arranged in the CO2Two sides of the base at the bottom of the assimilation chamber.
Preferably, the CO is2The volume of the assimilation chamber is 1.5-2 times of the fruit volume to be measured.
Preferably, the CO is2The area of the bottom plate of the assimilation chamber is 1.5-2 times of the maximum cross section of the fruit to be measured.
Preferably, the CO is2The top of the assimilation chamber is provided with an end cover, the periphery of the end cover is provided with a sealing ring, and the end cover is connected with CO through the sealing ring2The wall of the assimilation chamber is matched and sealed.
Preferably, the CO is2The top of the assimilation chamber is provided with an end cover, the periphery of the end cover is provided with a binding belt buckle, and CO is arranged2The assimilation outdoor wall installs the bandage buckle, even has the bandage on the bandage buckle, connects the bandage buckle airtight connection on the end cover through the bandage.
Preferably, the CO is2And a temperature sensor is also arranged in the assimilation chamber.
Preferably, the CO is2The bottom of the assimilation chamber is also provided with a support frame.
The measuring method of the device for measuring the fruit respiration rate comprises the following steps:
(1) setting CO on photosynthesis measuring instrument2The volume and bottom area parameters of the assimilation chamber are set as the environmental temperature for storing the fruit trees;
(2) setting the starting point of respiration Rate measurement to CO2Assimilation of indoor CO2The variation is 300ppm, and the maximum variation time is 60 s;
(3) firstly, idling and uniformly mixing air to achieve the consistency of internal and external environments;
(4) in CO2And (3) placing fruits in the assimilation room, starting a photosynthesis determinator to measure, meeting any condition in the step (2), and recording data.
(5) According to CO connected with the air inlet pipeline in unit time measured by the photosynthetic apparatus2CO connected with detector and gas outlet pipeline2CO detected by the detector2And the fresh weight of the fruit and the measured CO2Assimilating the cross section of the chamber, determining the respiration rate of the fruit as:
breath rate dCO2×S/W。
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the measuring device is in a sealed state during measurement, and the measured data is accurate.
2. The fan is arranged below the base for placing the fruits in the assimilation chamber, so that the flow of gas in the assimilation chamber is accelerated, the gas is uniform, and the measured data is more accurate. The lower part of the assimilation chamber is provided with a support, so that the assimilation chamber can leave the test bed, an air inlet and outlet pipeline is connected to the bottom of the assimilation chamber conveniently, air is introduced from the lower part, and the fans are uniformly mixed.
3. By adopting the measuring method, the respiration rate of the fruit can be rapidly and accurately measured, and a basis is provided for setting storage conditions of the fruit and further research.
4. The method for measuring the respiration intensity has no destructiveness to fruits, can reflect the respiration intensity of a complete fruit, can monitor the respiration intensity in the postharvest storage process, and has higher reliability.
5. The fruit with the respiratory intensity measured by the invention can be still used for measuring other parameters, so that experimental materials which are difficult to obtain are saved.
6. The measuring device can be used for researching the respiration intensity in different storage temperatures after the harvest.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of a base in embodiment 1.
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the structure of a base in embodiment 2.
In the figure: 1. photosynthesis tester, 2 air inlet pipeline, 3 air outlet pipeline, 4 support frame, 5 fan, 6 base, 7 CO2Assimilation chamber, 8 binder, 9 binder button, 10 vent hole, 11 end cap.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the figures and examples.
Example 1: as shown in figure 1, the device for measuring the respiration rate of the fruit comprises sealed CO2Assimilation chamber 7 and photosynthesis analyzer 1, wherein two CO are arranged on the photosynthesis analyzer 12One end of the gas inlet pipeline 2 and one end of the gas outlet pipeline 3 of the detector are respectively connected with CO2A detector with the other end connected with CO2Assimilation chamber 7 for introducing CO via gas inlet line 22When measuring, the fruit is placed in sealed CO2In the assimilation chamber 7, CO2The variation of CO2 in assimilation chamber 7 is the difference generated by respiration of fruit.
The photosynthesis meter used in this example was a PPSYSTEMS TPS-2 portable photosynthesis measurement system. Other types of photosynthesis assay systems may also be used.
As shown in FIG. 2, the CO2A base 6 for placing fruits is arranged in the assimilation chamber 7, 3 arc-shaped vent holes 10 are arranged on the base 6, in the embodiment, as shown in figure 2, the vent holes 10 are arc-shaped holes which are arranged at equal intervals along the circumference, a fan 5 is arranged below the base 6, and CO is uniformly mixed by the fan 52The gas in the chamber 7 was assimilated.
The air inlet of the air inlet pipeline 2 and the air outlet of the air outlet pipeline 3 are respectively arranged in the CO2Two sides of a base 6 at the bottom of the assimilation chamber.
The CO is2The volume of the assimilation chamber 7 is 1.5 times of the volume of the fruit to be measured. The CO is2The area of the bottom plate of the assimilation chamber 7 is 1.5 times of the maximum cross section of the fruit to be measured.
The CO is2An end cover 11 is arranged at the top of the assimilation chamber 7, a sealing ring is arranged on the periphery of the end cover 11, and the end cover and the CO are connected through the sealing ring2The wall of the assimilation chamber 7 is matched and sealed.
The CO is2An end cap 11 is provided on the top of the assimilation chamber 7, a band fastener 9 is provided on the outer periphery of the end cap 11, and CO is filled in2The periphery of the wall of the assimilation chamber 7 is provided with a binding belt 8 corresponding to the binding belt buckle 9, and the binding belt 8 is connected with the binding belt buckle 9 on the end cover 11 in a sealing way. CO of this example2The assimilation chamber 7 and the base therein are made of transparent materials, such as resin, plastic or glass materials.
The CO is2A temperature sensor is also arranged in the assimilation chamber 7 and used for measuring CO2The temperature in the assimilation chamber 7 was displayed on the inner wall of the assimilation chamber, and it was ensured that the fruit was not touched.
The CO is2The bottom of the assimilation chamber 7 is also provided with a support frame 4 convenient for placing CO2Assimilation chamber 7 and aeration measurements.
The measuring method of the device for measuring the fruit respiration rate comprises the following steps:
(1) setting CO in the photosynthesis measuring apparatus 12Volume and bottom area parameters of assimilation chamber 7, with CO2The actual volume and the bottom area of the assimilation chamber 7 are the same, and the set temperature is the environment temperature for storing the fruit trees;
(2) setting CO2Assimilation of CO in the chamber 72Amount of change 300ppm, CO2The maximum change time is t-60 s;
(3) firstly, idling and uniformly mixing air to achieve the consistency of internal and external environments;
(4) in CO2The fruit is placed in the assimilation chamber 7, the photosynthesis measuring instrument 1 is started to measure, any condition in the step (2) is satisfied, and data is recorded.
According to CO connected with the air inlet pipeline 2 in unit time of the photosynthetic apparatus 12CO connected between detector 12 and outlet line 32CO detected by detector 122Difference (dCO)2/μmol s-1m-2) And the fresh weight (FW/g) of the fruit and the measured CO2Cross section of assimilation Chamber (S/m)2) And determining the respiration rate of the fruit, wherein the specific calculation method comprises the following steps:
respiration Rate (. mu. mol s)-1g-1FW)＝dCO2×S/W
The parameter data for different fruits measured using the apparatus and method of this example are as follows:
TABLE 13 comparison of respiration rates of different climacteric fruit
As shown in Table 1, the research on the respiration rate values of the three fruits measured by the method shows that the respiration intensity of the apple is higher than that of the south pear, and the repeatability is better, so that the device and the method for measuring the respiration rate of the fruits can be suitable for measuring the respiration rate of other fruits.
The parameter data of different fruits measured by the device and method of the present example and other different methods are as follows:
TABLE 2 determination of the Effect of the respiration rates of apple fruits by different methods
As shown in table 2, by comparing the three measurement methods of respiratory rate, it was found that the consistency of the results between different repetitions of the alkaline titration method is poor, possibly due to errors caused by the tedious procedures of the method; the small values of respiration rate measured by the oxygen electrode method may be caused by the irreversible damage of the fruit to damage part of the respiratory system of the fruit, and the method does not reflect the respiration intensity of the whole fruit. The respiration rate of the apple fruits measured by the method is stable in numerical value and good in repeatability, and meanwhile, the integrity of the fruits is maintained, so that the method can be still used for measuring other parameters.
This example was used to determine the respiration rate of apple fruits after harvest at different storage temperatures. The parameter data for different fruits measured using the apparatus and method of this example are as follows:
TABLE 3 Effect of different storage temperatures on apple respiration rates
As shown in Table 3, the research on the respiration rate of the apple fruits at different temperatures measured by the method shows that the respiration rate intensity of the apple is more than 25 ℃ and more than 15 ℃ and more than 5 ℃. Therefore, the respiration rate of the apple fruits can be effectively inhibited at low temperature.
The method is used for measuring the respiration rate of apple fruits at different periods after picking and spraying CaCl with different concentrations from an external source2Influence on fruit respiration rate. The parameter data for different fruits measured using the apparatus and method of this example are as follows:
TABLE 4 different concentrations of CaCl2Influence on respiration rate of apple fruits at different time after picking
From the above table 4, it can be seen that the respiration rate values of the apples measured in different periods and different storage methods indicate that CaCl is sprayed from an external source2Can prolong the storage time of apple, and 2% of CaCl2Has better effect and is inThe performance was most pronounced at 5 days and 10 days. The device and the method for measuring the fruit respiration rate are accurate and rapid, and provide a basis for scientific research.
Example 2: the difference between this example and example 1 is: CO in this example2The volume of the assimilation chamber is 1.7 times of the fruit volume to be measured. The CO is2The area of the bottom plate of the assimilation chamber is 1.6 times of the maximum cross section of the fruit to be measured. As shown in fig. 3, in this embodiment, a plurality of circular vent holes 10 are formed in the base 6, and vent holes having other shapes may be provided. The measurement method and the measurement accuracy were the same as in example 1.
Example 3: the difference between this example and example 1 is: CO in this example2The volume of the assimilation chamber is 2 times of the fruit volume to be measured. The CO is2The area of the bottom plate of the assimilation chamber is 1.8 times of the maximum cross section of the fruit to be measured. The measurement method and the measurement accuracy were the same as in example 1.
Example 4: the difference between this example and example 1 is: CO in this example2The volume of the assimilation chamber is 2 times of the fruit volume to be measured. The CO is2The area of the bottom plate of the assimilation chamber is 2 times of the maximum cross section of the fruit to be measured. The measurement method and the measurement accuracy were the same as in example 1.
It should be understood that the detailed description of the present invention is only for illustrating the present invention and is not limited by the technical solutions described in the embodiments of the present invention, and those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention can be modified or substituted equally to achieve the same technical effects; as long as the use requirements are met, the method is within the protection scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A device for measuring the respiration rate of fruit, characterized by: comprising a closed CO2Assimilation chamber and photosynthesis apparatus, wherein the photosynthesis apparatus is provided with two CO2One end of the detector, one end of the air inlet pipeline and one end of the air outlet pipeline are respectively connected with CO2A detector with the other end connected with CO2Assimilation chamber, introducing CO via air inlet pipeline2When measuring, the fruit is placed in sealed CO2Assimilation of indoor CO2Assimilation of indoor CO2The variation is the difference generated by the respiration of the fruit.
2. Device for measuring the fruit respiration rate according to claim 1, characterized in that: the CO is2Assimilation indoor is equipped with the base of placing the fruit, and it has inlet port and venthole to open on the base, sets up the fan below the base, through fan mixing CO2Assimilating the gas in the chamber.
3. Device for measuring the fruit respiration rate according to claim 1, characterized in that: the air inlet of the air inlet pipeline and the air outlet of the air outlet pipeline are respectively arranged in the CO2Two sides of the base at the bottom of the assimilation chamber.
4. Device for measuring the fruit respiration rate according to claim 1, characterized in that: the CO is2The volume of the assimilation chamber is 1.5-2 times of the fruit volume to be measured.
5. Device for measuring the fruit respiration rate according to claim 1, characterized in that: the CO is2The area of the bottom plate of the assimilation chamber is 1.5-2 times of the maximum cross section of the fruit to be measured.
6. Device for measuring the fruit respiration rate according to claim 1, characterized in that: the CO is2The top of the assimilation chamber is provided with an end cover, the periphery of the end cover is provided with a sealing ring, and the end cover is connected with CO through the sealing ring2The wall of the assimilation chamber is matched and sealed.
7. Device for measuring the fruit respiration rate according to claim 1, characterized in that: the CO is2The top of the assimilation chamber is provided with an end cover, the periphery of the end cover is provided with a binding belt buckle, and CO is arranged2The assimilation outdoor wall installs the bandage buckle, even has the bandage on the bandage buckle, connects the bandage buckle airtight connection on the end cover through the bandage.
8. According to the claimsClaim 1 the device for measuring fruit respiration rate is characterized in that: the CO is2And a temperature sensor is also arranged in the assimilation chamber.
9. Device for measuring the fruit respiration rate according to claim 1, characterized in that: the CO is2The bottom of the assimilation chamber is also provided with a support frame.
10. Measurement method using a device for measuring the fruit respiration rate according to claim 1, characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) setting CO on photosynthesis measuring instrument2The volume and bottom area parameters of the assimilation chamber are set as the environmental temperature for storing the fruit trees;
(2) setting the starting point of respiration Rate measurement to CO2Assimilation of indoor CO2The variation is 300ppm, and the maximum variation time is 60 s;
(3) firstly, idling and uniformly mixing air to achieve the consistency of internal and external environments;
(4) in CO2Placing fruits in an assimilation room, starting a photosynthesis determinator for measurement, meeting any condition in the step (2), and recording data;
(5) according to CO connected with the air inlet pipeline in unit time measured by the photosynthetic apparatus2CO connected with detector and gas outlet pipeline2CO detected by the detector2And the fresh weight of the fruit and the measured CO2Assimilating the cross section of the chamber, determining the respiration rate of the fruit as:
breath rate dCO2×S/W。
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| CN111256775A (en) * | 2020-02-25 | 2020-06-09 | 兰州大学 | Assimilation box system for rapidly determining effective volume and using method |
| CN114419311A (en) * | 2022-03-29 | 2022-04-29 | 武汉轻工大学 | Multi-source information-based passion fruit maturity nondestructive testing method and device |
| CN114813683A (en) * | 2022-04-26 | 2022-07-29 | 西南大学 | Method for rapidly determining breathing rate of tiny insects by using photosynthesis detector |
| CN114994263A (en) * | 2022-07-15 | 2022-09-02 | 华中农业大学 | Fruit and vegetable respiration physiology measuring device |
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