CN110656498A - 线型高分子抑烟膨胀型阻燃剂及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents

线型高分子抑烟膨胀型阻燃剂及其制备方法和应用 Download PDF

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CN110656498A
CN110656498A CN201910881590.6A CN201910881590A CN110656498A CN 110656498 A CN110656498 A CN 110656498A CN 201910881590 A CN201910881590 A CN 201910881590A CN 110656498 A CN110656498 A CN 110656498A
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Abstract

本发明提供了一种线型高分子抑烟膨胀型阻燃剂及其制备方法和应用，包括组分一、组份二和组分三，所述组分一按照重量份数包括以下组分，含环氧侧基的丙烯酸聚合物80‑120份，双氰胺60‑80份，催化剂2‑10份，水40‑60份，醇类溶剂20‑40份，苯类溶剂20‑40份，所述组份二为聚磷酸铵，所述组分三为钼酸铵。本发明提供的阻燃剂，通过侧链环氧的聚合物与双氰胺反应，使碳源与气源均匀、相邻分布，避免气源受热产生气体时，周围没有足够的碳源，导致不能高效形成多孔泡沫炭层的问题，使用该配方的阻燃剂，成碳效率高，需要的添加量少，阻燃效果好，成本低，易于推广，市场前景十分可观。

Description

线型高分子抑烟膨胀型阻燃剂及其制备方法和应用
技术领域：
本发明涉及阻燃剂技术领域，尤其涉及一种线型高分子抑烟膨胀型阻燃剂及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术：
膨胀型阻燃剂(IFR)是一种环保的绿色阻燃剂，不含卤素，也不采用氧化锑为协同剂，其体系自身具有协同作用。含膨胀型阻燃剂的塑料在燃烧时表面会生成炭质泡沫层，起到隔热、隔氧、抑烟、防滴等功效，具有优良的阻燃性能，且低烟、低毒、无腐蚀性气体产生，符合未来阻燃剂的研究开发方向，已经成为国内外最为活跃的阻燃剂研究领域之一。但目前现有的膨胀型阻燃剂碳源和气源分布不均，容易出现气源受热产生气体时，周围没有足够的碳源，从而不能高效形成多孔泡沫炭层的问题，成碳效率低，添加量高，影响阻燃效果。
发明内容：
本发明的目的是针对现有技术的缺陷，提供一种能够解决上述问题的线型高分子抑烟膨胀型阻燃剂及其制备方法和应用。
实现本发明目的的技术方案是：一种线型高分子抑烟膨胀型阻燃剂，包括组分一、组份二和组分三。
所述组分一按照重量份数包括以下组分，含环氧侧基的丙烯酸聚合物80-120份，双氰胺60-80份，催化剂2-10份，水40-60份，醇类溶剂20-40份，苯类溶剂20-40份。
所述组份二为聚磷酸铵，所述组分三为钼酸铵，所述组分一、组份二与组分三的重量比为100：40-60：10-20。
作为优选，所述含环氧侧基的丙烯酸聚合物为聚(甲基)丙烯酸缩水甘油酯、聚(甲基)丙烯酸环氧环己基乙酯中的一种或两种组合。
作为优选，所述催化剂为咪唑类、叔胺类一种或两种组合。
作为优选，所述醇类溶剂为甲醇、乙醇、正丁醇和异丙醇中的一种或多种组合。
作为优选，所述苯类溶剂为甲苯、苯和二甲苯中的一种或多种组合。
本发明还提供了一种线型高分子抑烟膨胀型阻燃剂的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
(1)将定量的含环氧侧基的丙烯酸聚合物溶于定量的醇类及苯类混合溶剂中，100-120℃下搅拌1h，制成溶液A；再将定量的将双氰胺和催化剂溶于定量的水中，加热到100℃，制成溶液B；将溶液A缓慢滴加到溶液B中，控制滴加温度100-110℃，滴加完成后，升温至120℃继续反应2h得到组分一；
(2)将定量的聚磷酸铵和钼酸铵加入到上述反应得到的组分一中，使其溶解，搅拌均匀得到阻燃剂产品。
本发明还提供了线型高分子抑烟膨胀型阻燃剂的应用，该阻燃剂可用作涤纶纤维处理剂、氨纶纤维处理剂和丙纶纤维处理剂。
本发明的有益效果是：
本发明提供了一种线型高分子抑烟膨胀型阻燃剂及其制备方法和应用，通过侧链环氧的聚合物与双氰胺反应，使碳源与气源均匀、相邻分布，避免气源受热产生气体时，周围没有足够的碳源，导致不能高效形成多孔泡沫炭层的问题，使用该配方的阻燃剂，成碳效率高，需要的添加量少，阻燃效果好，成本低，易于推广，市场前景十分可观。
具体实施方式：
下面对本发明的较佳实施例进行详细阐述，以使本发明的优点和特征能更易被本领域人员理解，从而对本发明的保护范围做出更为清楚明确的界定。
实施例1
一种线型高分子抑烟膨胀型阻燃剂，包括组分一、组份二和组分三。所述组分一按照重量份数包括以下组分，聚甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯80份，双氰胺80份，咪唑类催化剂2.5份，水45份，甲醇40份，甲苯20份。组份二为聚磷酸铵，组分三为钼酸铵。组分一、组份二与组分三的重量比为100：40：20。
实施例2
一种线型高分子抑烟膨胀型阻燃剂，包括组分一、组份二和组分三。所述组分一按照重量份数包括以下组分，聚甲基丙烯酸环氧环己基乙酯105份，双氰胺68份，叔胺类催化剂6份，水48份，乙醇30份，二甲苯30份。组份二为聚磷酸铵，组分三为钼酸铵。组分一、组份二与组分三的重量比为100：53：15。
实施例3
一种线型高分子抑烟膨胀型阻燃剂，包括组分一、组份二和组分三。所述组分一按照重量份数包括以下组分，聚丙烯酸缩水甘油酯100份，双氰胺65份，咪唑类催化剂4份，水50份，正丁醇35份，甲苯35份。组份二为聚磷酸铵，组分三为钼酸铵。组分一、组份二与组分三的重量比为100：48：9。
实施例4
一种线型高分子抑烟膨胀型阻燃剂，包括组分一、组份二和组分三。所述组分一按照重量份数包括以下组分，聚丙烯酸环氧环己基乙酯110份，双氰胺75份，叔胺类催化剂8份，水60份，异丙醇40份，二甲苯40份。组份二为聚磷酸铵，组分三为钼酸铵。组分一、组份二与组分三的重量比为100：60：18。
上述各实施例的线型高分子抑烟膨胀型阻燃剂的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
(1)将定量的含环氧侧基的丙烯酸聚合物溶于定量的醇类及苯类混合溶剂中，100-120℃下搅拌1h，制成溶液A；再将定量的将双氰胺和催化剂溶于定量的水中，加热到100℃，制成溶液B；将溶液A缓慢滴加到溶液B中，控制滴加温度100-110℃，滴加完成后，升温至120℃继续反应2h得到组分一；
(2)将定量的聚磷酸铵和钼酸铵加入到上述反应得到的组分一中，使其溶解，搅拌均匀得到阻燃剂产品。
将涤纶纤维纺丝后，经过本发明的液体阻燃剂中浸润，100℃烘干5min进行固化，绕卷，然后通过氧指数来测试本发明的阻燃性能，普通涤纶的极限氧指数是21，实施例1-4的氧指数分别为27、29、30、27.5，具有良好的阻燃性能。
以上所述实施例仅表达了本发明的几种实施方式，其描述较为具体和详细，但并不能因此而理解为对发明专利范围的限制。应当指出的是，对于本领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明构思的前提下，还可以做出若干变形和改进，这些都属于本发明的保护范围。

Claims (7)

1.一种线型高分子抑烟膨胀型阻燃剂，其特征在于，所述阻燃剂包括组分一、组份二和组分三，
所述组分一按照重量份数包括以下组分，含环氧侧基的丙烯酸聚合物80-120份，双氰胺60-80份，催化剂2-10份，水40-60份，醇类溶剂20-40份，苯类溶剂20-40份，
所述组份二为聚磷酸铵，所述组分三为钼酸铵，所述组分一、组份二与组分三的重量比为100：40-60：10-20。
2.根据权利要求1所述的线型高分子抑烟膨胀型阻燃剂，其特征在于：所述含环氧侧基的丙烯酸聚合物为聚(甲基)丙烯酸缩水甘油酯、聚(甲基)丙烯酸环氧环己基乙酯中的一种或两种组合。
3.根据权利要求1所述的线型高分子抑烟膨胀型阻燃剂，其特征在于：所述催化剂为咪唑类、叔胺类一种或两种组合。
4.根据权利要求1所述的线型高分子抑烟膨胀型阻燃剂，其特征在于：所述醇类溶剂为甲醇、乙醇、正丁醇和异丙醇中的一种或多种组合。
5.根据权利要求1所述的线型高分子抑烟膨胀型阻燃剂，其特征在于：所述苯类溶剂为甲苯、苯和二甲苯中的一种或多种组合。
6.一种如权利要求1-5任一所述的线型高分子抑烟膨胀型阻燃剂的制备方法，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：
(1)将定量的含环氧侧基的丙烯酸聚合物溶于定量的醇类及苯类混合溶剂中，100-120℃下搅拌1h，制成溶液A；再将定量的将双氰胺和催化剂溶于定量的水中，加热到100℃，制成溶液B；将溶液A缓慢滴加到溶液B中，控制滴加温度100-110℃，滴加完成后，升温至120℃继续反应2h得到组分一；
(2)将定量的聚磷酸铵和钼酸铵加入到上述反应得到的组分一中，使其溶解，搅拌均匀得到阻燃剂产品。
7.根据权利要求6所述的制备方法得到的线型高分子抑烟膨胀型阻燃剂的应用，其特征在于，用作涤纶纤维处理剂、氨纶纤维处理剂和丙纶纤维处理剂。
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