CN110655599A - 一种原位弱酸附聚法制备大粒径乳胶粒子的方法 - Google Patents
一种原位弱酸附聚法制备大粒径乳胶粒子的方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
一种原位弱酸附聚法制备大粒径乳胶粒子的方法，属于合成橡胶及合成树脂领域，是将20～60份的聚合反应单体、0.5～5份的乳化剂、0.2～5份的电解质、0.2～1份的引发剂和60～80份的脱盐水，室温搅拌完全溶解后，向反应釜中通入氮气置换，升温开始聚合反应；向反应釜引入少量弱酸或酸酐，降低体系pH值，促进增长过程中的乳胶粒子之间发生附聚，增加粒子尺寸；再向反应釜中缓慢加入碱液，通过二次调pH值终止附聚过程，最终制备出大粒径乳胶粒子。本发明一方面可以降低生产成本，另一方面在反应过程中进行附聚有利于增大粒子尺寸，促进粒子之间的结合，附聚后的大粒径胶乳经过熟化过程，粒子的稳定性更好，粒径分布更窄。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于合成橡胶领域，具体涉及一种大粒径乳胶粒子的制备方法。
背景技术
大粒径聚合物胶乳如丁二烯胶乳、丁苯胶乳、丁氰胶乳等在合成橡胶、合成树脂、造纸等领域有着重要的应用。大粒径胶乳能够赋予胶乳良好的流动性的同时，能够作为应力集中点，用作塑料改性剂使用。例如在ABS树脂合成过程中，作为提供树脂韧性的橡胶相，橡胶相的粒子尺寸必须大于200nm才会起到增韧的效果，因此制备大粒径乳胶粒子是增韧剂制备的关键。
传统附聚技术可以分成以下几种方式：如压力附聚技术，此种技术是利用小粒径胶乳(粒径在70-110nm)经过均质机，在压力差的作用下将小粒径胶乳附聚成大粒径胶乳，特点是效率高，缺点是制备的大粒径胶乳分布较宽；附聚剂附聚也是常见的附聚技术，这种技术利用附聚剂(通常为高羧基含量的丙烯酸酯胶乳)将小粒径胶乳进行附聚，附聚速度快，但成本较高。酸附聚技术是目前最普遍的附聚技术，是将小粒径胶乳中引入弱酸破坏其粒子的稳定性，压缩粒子表面双电层厚度，促进粒子聚并，最终利用碱液进行中和，制备大粒径胶乳，弱酸附聚胶乳工艺简单已经被工业化生产，但其流程较长，制约了生产速度，限制了生产效率。因此，在众多附聚法的基础之上，开发一种简单、快捷、方便、高效的附聚技术对于推动大粒径胶乳的生产有着重要作用。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是：在小粒径胶乳生产的过程中，原位引入弱酸或酸酐，改变体系pH值，压缩粒子表面双电层厚度，初级粒子聚并，制备出大粒径乳胶粒子。最后在引入碱液，调控PH至碱性，终止原位附聚，附聚后的乳胶粒子之间经过融合，消耗单体增长成为最终的大粒径乳胶粒子。本发明提出的一种原位弱酸附聚法制备大粒径乳胶粒子的方法，其步骤如下：
(1)以质量份数计，将20～60份的聚合反应单体置于反应釜中，加入0.5～5份的乳化剂，0.2～5份的电解质、0.2～1份的引发剂和60～80份的脱盐水，室温搅拌10～25分钟使其所有助剂完全溶解后，向反应釜中通入氮气置换反应釜内部空气2～3次，开启搅拌，搅拌速度为50～350rpm，升高温度至55～85℃，开始聚合反应。
(2)待反应0.5～12h后，向反应釜缓慢滴加酸液降低体系PH值，利用酸液将体系pH值调控到5.5～7，继续反应0.5～1小时。
(3)向反应釜中缓慢加入碱液，调控体系pH至8以上，反应0.5～5小时后即可出料，获得大粒径聚合物胶乳。
本发明中所使用的聚合反应单体为：丁二烯、异戊二烯、丙烯酸丁酯、丙烯酸异辛酯、苯乙烯、丙烯腈、甲基丙烯酸甲酯、甲基丙烯酸丁酯、甲基丙烯酸异辛酯等几种单体中的一种或几种混合。
本发明中所使用的乳化剂为：歧化松香酸皂、脂肪酸皂、油酸钾、油酸钠、十二烷基硫酸钠、烷基萘磺酸钠中的一种或几种混合；
本发明中所使用的电解质为碳酸钾、碳酸钠、碳酸氢钠、碳酸氢钾中的一种或几种混合。
本发明中所使用的引发剂为：过硫酸铵、过硫酸钾、过硫酸钠、偶氮二异丁氰、过氧化苯甲酰、过氧化氢异丙苯中的一种或几种混合。
本发明中所使用的弱酸为：醋酸、甲基丙烯酸、丙烯酸、乙酸酐中的一种或几种混合。
本发明的有益效果在于：原位附聚一方面可以降低生产成本，另一方面在反应过程中进行附聚有利于增大粒子尺寸，促进粒子之间的结合，附聚后的大粒径胶乳经过熟化过程，粒子的稳定性更好，粒径分布更窄。
具体实施方式
下面实施例可以更好地理解本发明，但不以任何方式限制本发明。
实施例1：
将8g浓度为50％的歧化松香酸皂置于高压反应釜中，加入碳酸钾1g，过硫酸钾0.5g，脱盐水150g，室温条件下搅拌15min使其所有助剂完全溶解后，向反应釜通入氮气置换反应釜中空气2次，向反应釜注入丁二烯100g，开启搅拌，转速为150rpm，升温至65℃，开始聚合反应。
待反应8小时后，向反应釜缓慢滴加浓度为5％的乙酸水溶液10mL，继续反应0.5小时后向反应釜中加入8mL浓度为5％的氢氧化钠溶液，之后再继续反应2小时，出料，制备出聚丁二烯胶乳。所得的胶乳利用英国马尔文公司的动态光散射激光粒度仪测得其胶乳平均粒径为320nm，分散指数PDI值为0.083。
实施例2：
将4g浓度为50％的歧化松香酸皂，1g油酸钾置于高压反应釜中，加入碳酸钾0.8g，过硫酸钾0.35g，脱盐水150g，室温条件下搅拌15min使其所有助剂完全溶解后，向反应釜通入氮气置换反应釜中空气2次，向反应釜注入丁二烯100g，开启搅拌，转速为150rpm，升温至68℃，开始聚合反应。
待反应5小时后，向反应釜缓慢滴加浓度为5％的乙酸水溶液10mL，继续反应0.5小时后向反应釜中加入8mL浓度为5％的氢氧化钠溶液，之后再继续反应2小时，出料，制备出聚丁二烯胶乳。所得的胶乳利用英国马尔文公司的动态光散射激光粒度仪测得其胶乳平均粒径为311nm，分散指数PDI值为0.073。
实施例3：
将4g浓度为50％的歧化松香酸皂，3g50％脂肪酸皂置于高压反应釜中，加入碳酸钾0.8g，过硫酸钾0.35g，脱盐水150g，室温条件下搅拌10min使其所有助剂完全溶解后，向反应釜通入氮气置换反应釜中空气2次，向反应釜注入丁二烯90g，苯乙烯10g，开启搅拌，转速为150rpm，升温至65℃，开始聚合反应。
待反应3小时后，向反应釜缓慢滴加浓度为5％的乙酸水溶液10mL，继续反应0.5小时后向反应釜中加入8mL浓度为5％的氢氧化钠溶液，之后再继续反应1.5小时，出料，制备出聚丁二烯胶乳。所得的胶乳利用英国马尔文公司的动态光散射激光粒度仪测得其胶乳平均粒径为219nm，分散指数PDI值为0.031。
实施例4：
将4g浓度为50％的脂肪酸皂，3g油酸钾置于高压反应釜中，加入碳酸钾0.6g，过硫酸钾0.35g，脱盐水150g，室温条件下搅拌10min使其所有助剂完全溶解后，向反应釜通入氮气置换反应釜中空气2次，向反应釜注入丁二烯90g，丙烯腈10g，开启搅拌，转速为150rpm，升温至65℃，开始聚合反应。
待反应7小时后，向反应釜缓慢滴加浓度为5％的乙酸水溶液10mL，继续反应1小时后向反应釜中加入8mL浓度为5％的氢氧化钠溶液，之后再继续反应3小时，出料，制备出聚丁二烯胶乳。所得的胶乳利用英国马尔文公司的动态光散射激光粒度仪测得其胶乳平均粒径为291nm，分散指数PDI值为0.041。
实施例5：
将3g浓度为50％的脂肪酸皂，3g油酸钠置于高压反应釜中，加入碳酸氢钠0.6g，脱盐水170g，室温条件下搅拌10min使其所有助剂完全溶解后，向反应釜通入氮气置换反应釜中空气2次，向反应釜注入异戊二烯45g，丁二烯45g，丙烯酸丁酯5g，丙烯酸异辛酯5g，偶氮二异丁氰0.4g，开启搅拌，转速为150rpm，升温至70℃，开始聚合反应。
待反应8小时后，向反应釜缓慢滴加浓度为5％的丙烯酸水溶液5mL，5％的甲基丙烯酸5mL继续反应1小时后向反应釜中加入5mL浓度为5％的氢氧化钾溶液，之后再继续反应0.5小时，出料，制备出聚丁二烯共聚异戊二烯胶乳。所得的胶乳利用英国马尔文公司的动态光散射激光粒度仪测得其胶乳平均粒径为342nm，分散指数PDI值为0.091。
实施例6：
将3g浓度为50％的脂肪酸皂，1g十二烷基硫酸钠，1g烷基萘磺酸钠置于高压反应釜中，加入碳酸氢钾0.3g，碳酸钾0.4，过硫酸钾0.4g，脱盐水170g，室温条件下搅拌10min使其所有助剂完全溶解后，向反应釜通入氮气置换反应釜中空气2次，向反应釜注入异戊二烯45g，丁二烯45g，甲基丙烯酸甲酯5g，苯乙烯5g，开启搅拌，转速为150rpm，升温至65℃，开始聚合反应。
待反应7.5小时后，向反应釜缓慢滴加浓度为5％的甲基丙烯酸水溶液15mL，继续反应1小时后向反应釜中加入10mL浓度为5％的氢氧化钾溶液，之后再继续反应0.5小时，出料，制备出聚丁二烯共聚异戊二烯胶乳。所得的胶乳利用英国马尔文公司的动态光散射激光粒度仪测得其胶乳平均粒径为412nm，分散指数PDI值为0.113。
Claims (7)
1.一种原位弱酸附聚法制备大粒径乳胶粒子的方法，其特征在于步骤如下：
(1)以质量份数计，将20～60份的聚合反应单体置于反应釜中，加入0.5～5份的乳化剂，0.2～5份的电解质、0.2～1份的引发剂和60～80份的脱盐水，室温搅拌10～25分钟使其所有助剂完全溶解后，向反应釜中通入氮气置换反应釜内部空气2～3次，开启搅拌，搅拌速度为50～350rpm，升高温度至55～85℃，开始聚合反应；
(2)待反应0.5～12h后，向反应釜缓慢滴加酸液降低体系PH值，利用酸液将体系pH值调控到5.5～7，继续反应0.5～1小时；
(3)向反应釜中缓慢加入碱液，调控体系pH至8以上，反应0.5～5小时后即可出料，获得大粒径聚合物胶乳。
2.如权利要求1所述的一种原位弱酸附聚法制备大粒径乳胶粒子的方法，其特征在于：所使用的乳化剂为：歧化松香酸皂、脂肪酸皂、油酸钾、油酸钠、十二烷基硫酸钠、烷基萘磺酸钠中的一种或几种混合。
3.如权利要求1所述的原位弱酸附聚法制备大粒径乳胶粒子的方法，其特征在于：所使用的电解质为碳酸钾、碳酸钠、碳酸氢钠、碳酸氢钾中的一种或几种混合。
4.如权利要求1所述的原位弱酸附聚法制备大粒径乳胶粒子的方法，其特征在于：所使用的引发剂为：过硫酸铵、过硫酸钾、过硫酸钠、偶氮二异丁氰、过氧化苯甲酰、过氧化氢异丙苯中的一种或几种混合。
5.如权利要求1所述的原位弱酸附聚法制备大粒径乳胶粒子的方法，其特征在于：所使用的酸液为：醋酸、甲基丙烯酸、丙烯酸、乙酸酐中的一种或几种混合。
6.如权利要求1所述的原位弱酸附聚法制备大粒径乳胶粒子的方法，其特征在于：所使用的聚合反应单体为：丁二烯、异戊二烯、丙烯酸丁酯、丙烯酸异辛酯、苯乙烯、丙烯腈、甲基丙烯酸甲酯、甲基丙烯酸丁酯、甲基丙烯酸异辛酯等几种单体中的一种或几种混合。
7.如权利要求1所述的原位弱酸附聚法制备大粒径乳胶粒子的方法，其特征在于：步骤(3)中的碱液为氢氧化钠或氢氧化钾溶液。
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