CN110651914A - Novel large yellow croaker puffed compound feed and preparation process thereof - Google Patents
Novel large yellow croaker puffed compound feed and preparation process thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of fish feed, and particularly relates to novel large yellow croaker puffed compound feed and a preparation process thereof. The invention achieves the effect of effectively producing the large yellow croaker puffed compound feed by adding the additive and the fermented probiotic group into the feed composition, regulating the contents of crude protein, lysine and the like and finally combining the main preparation steps of conditioning and low-pressure-difference puffing operation. The invention has the advantages that the preparation process of the feed is reasonable and effective, the prepared feed has good food attraction and digestion and absorption properties, the intestinal protection effect of the large yellow croaker is good, the disease prevention resistance is improved, the stability of feed particles in water is good, the floating rate is high, the feed conversion rate is high, and the feed is suitable for the rapid and healthy growth of the large yellow croaker.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of fish feed, and particularly relates to novel large yellow croaker puffed compound feed and a preparation process thereof.
Background
The large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea) belongs to Perciformes, Sciaenidae and yellowfish (Larimichthys), is a warm-temperature and cluster migratory fish in the inshore, inhabits the middle and lower layers of inshore water areas, has delicious meat quality and high economic value, and is one of the main seawater economic fishes in China.
The existing large yellow croaker feed is mostly prepared by only mixing animal and plant nutrient components and some necessary vitamins, so that the problems of insufficient protein and lysine content, slow growth speed and easy disease are solved, and a high-efficiency feed suitable for the rapid and healthy growth of the large yellow croaker is urgently needed in the market.
Chinese patent with patent publication No. CN 108782968A and publication No. 2018.11.13 discloses a large yellow croaker feed and a preparation method thereof, wherein the large yellow croaker feed comprises a puffed body and a hydrophobic coating coated on the periphery of the puffed body, the puffed body comprises, by mass, 20 ~ 24 parts of high gluten flour, 48 ~ 52 parts of fish meal, 8-10 parts of corn protein powder, 13-15 parts of bean pulp, 2-3 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 2-3 parts of fish oil, 0.05-0.15 part of compound vitamin, 0.25-0.35 part of compound mineral, 0.25-0.35 part of amino acid raw powder, 0.01-0.03 part of antioxidant, 0.04-0.06 part of preservative and 0.05-0.15 part of probiotics.
However, the feed disclosed by the invention has the problems that the content of crude protein is low, the requirement of high-speed growth cannot be met, and the floating rate of the feed is low.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a novel large yellow croaker puffed compound feed and a preparation process thereof, which can achieve the effect of effectively producing the large yellow croaker puffed compound feed by adding additives and fermented probiotic groups into feed compositions, regulating the contents of crude protein, lysine and the like and finally combining main preparation steps of tempering and low-pressure-difference puffing operation. The invention has the advantages that the preparation process of the feed is reasonable and effective, the prepared feed has good food attraction and digestion and absorption properties, the intestinal protection effect of the large yellow croaker is good, the disease prevention resistance is improved, the stability of feed particles in water is good, the floating rate is high, the feed conversion rate is high, and the feed is suitable for the rapid and healthy growth of the large yellow croaker.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the problems is as follows: a novel large yellow croaker puffed compound feed comprises animal and plant powder, animal and plant oil and compound vitamin mineral substances, and also comprises an additive and a fermentation probiotic flora, wherein the additive comprises a surface wetting agent, an antioxidant and a mildew preventive, and the fermentation probiotic flora comprises a mixed flora of bacillus subtilis and bacillus coagulans.
In the invention, the surface wetting agent is used for increasing the surface tension of the feed particles and finally improving the floating rate of the feed particles, and the floating feed particles are convenient for fish school to eat and are not easy to deteriorate after sinking, thereby further improving the feeding effect of the feed.
The further preferred technical scheme is as follows: the weight ratio of crude protein in the feed is more than or equal to 42.0 percent, the weight ratio of lysine is more than or equal to 2.7 percent, the weight ratio of crude fat is more than or equal to 9.5 percent, the weight ratio of starch is less than or equal to 15 percent, the water floating rate of the feed is 100 percent, and the conversion rate is more than or equal to 60 percent.
In the invention, the proportion of the crude protein, the lysine and the crude fat is relatively high, the production of the large yellow croaker can be further accelerated, and an energy basis is provided for improving the resistance and preventing diseases.
The further preferred technical scheme is as follows: the surface wetting agent comprises polysorbate, tartrate and stearoyl citric acid, the antioxidant is trihydroxy benzene butanone, and the mildew preventive is dimethyl fumarate.
In the invention, the polysorbate, the tartrate and the stearoyl citric acid have relatively good surface wetting effect and are safe and reliable within a certain intake range, so that the polysorbate, the tartrate and the stearoyl citric acid are used as guarantee for the water floating rate of feed granules.
In addition, the polysorbate and the tartrate also have a preservative effect, can supplement the effect of the dimethyl fumarate, and prolong the preservative validity period of the feed particles.
The further preferred technical scheme is as follows: the weight ratio of the additive in the feed is 1.5-3.5%, and the weight ratio of the fermented probiotic group is 2-8%.
The further preferred technical scheme is as follows: the additive also comprises lactobacillus extracellular polysaccharide enrichment liquid as an intestinal tract protective agent.
In the invention, the lactobacillus extracellular polysaccharide enrichment solution is used for maintaining the micro-balance of the intestinal probiotic environment of the large yellow croaker, promoting intestinal absorption and further accelerating the production rate.
The further preferable technical proposal is that the preparation method of the lactobacillus extracellular polysaccharide enriched liquid comprises the following steps:
s1, inoculating lactobacillus fermentation liquor, wherein the inoculation culture medium is an MRS liquid culture medium, the inoculation temperature is 25-32 ℃, and the pH value before inoculation is 4.5-5.2;
s2, performing culture fermentation after the step S1, wherein the culture time is 8-12h, the culture temperature is 35-40 ℃, and after the culture is finished, centrifuging at 6000-7000rpm for 25-28min to remove thallus cells to obtain a body fluid to be concentrated and enriched;
and S3, carrying out ultrafiltration concentration on the body fluid before concentration and enrichment, adding ethyl acetate accounting for 10% of the weight of the concentrated solution for precipitation, standing and centrifuging, and then taking the supernatant for ultrafiltration concentration to obtain the extracellular polysaccharide enriched liquid of the lactic acid bacteria.
In the invention, the extracellular polysaccharide enriched liquid of the lactic acid bacteria is prepared by culturing within 1-2 days before the preparation of the feed, and the cultured extracellular polysaccharide enriched liquid of the lactic acid bacteria is used in the feed as soon as possible, wherein the extracellular polysaccharide enriched liquid of the lactic acid bacteria is inoculated under an acidic condition, cultured and centrifuged after heating, and finally centrifuged by precipitation, so that the content of beneficial products expressed by the lactic acid bacteria in the enriched liquid is ensured to be sufficient, and the maintenance effect on the intestinal health of the large yellow croaker is quick and effective.
The further preferred technical scheme is as follows: the viable count of the bacillus subtilis and the bacillus coagulans is 120-180 hundred million CFU/ml, and the germination rate is more than or equal to 95 percent.
A preparation process of a novel large yellow croaker puffed compound feed sequentially comprises the following steps:
s1, finely crushing the raw materials until the solid raw materials with the weight percentage of 95 percent can pass through a 60-mesh screen;
s2, mixing all the other raw materials except the animal and vegetable oil and the surface wetting agent to obtain thick raw material liquid;
s3, tempering and puffing the thick raw material liquid to obtain feed particles;
and S4, spraying oil and a surface wetting agent on the feed particles, and drying to obtain the final compound feed.
In the invention, the animal and vegetable oil and the surface wetting agent are used for final spraying, so that the effectiveness of the oil coating protection and encapsulation effect of the animal and vegetable oil and the effectiveness of the surface tension effect improvement of the animal and vegetable oil and the surface wetting agent are ensured, the oil content of final feed particles is sufficient, and the floating rate is high.
The further preferred technical scheme is as follows: in step S3, steam with the temperature of 115-120 ℃ is introduced for tempering operation, and the tempering time is 0.5-1.0 min.
In the invention, the temperature of 115-120 ℃ is heated and the tempering time is relatively shortened, so that the bacillus subtilis and the bacillus coagulans are prevented from dying in a large range, and the preparation effectiveness of the fermented feed is ensured.
The further preferred technical scheme is as follows: in the step S3, the puffing operation is carried out by adopting vacuum pressure of-0.05 to-0.02 Mpa, the puffing time is 1 to 5min, the temperature is kept for 4 to 6min at 35 to 38 ℃ after the puffing is finished, the moisture content is 15 to 22 percent during the heat preservation, the puffing discharging operation adopts a low pressure difference puffing mode, the pressure of a puffing cavity is released before discharging, the pressure of a discharging port is increased, the pressure difference is 0.1 to 0.15Mpa, and the puffing coefficient is increased by 15 to 30 percent.
In the invention, the low-pressure-difference puffing technology aims at feed ingredients with lower starch content, and adopts a mode of lower temperature, higher vacuum pressure and set discharging pressure difference compared with the existing puffing technology, so that the finally puffed feed particles have the advantage of better stability in water, and can be smoothly eaten by fishes.
The invention achieves the effect of effectively producing the large yellow croaker puffed compound feed by adding the additive and the fermented probiotic group into the feed composition, regulating the contents of crude protein, lysine and the like and finally combining the main preparation steps of conditioning and low-pressure-difference puffing operation. The invention has the advantages that the preparation process of the feed is reasonable and effective, the prepared feed has good food attraction and digestion and absorption properties, the intestinal protection effect of the large yellow croaker is good, the disease prevention resistance is improved, the stability of feed particles in water is good, the floating rate is high, the feed conversion rate is high, and the feed is suitable for the rapid and healthy growth of the large yellow croaker.
Detailed Description
The following description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
A novel large yellow croaker puffed compound feed comprises animal and plant powder, animal and plant oil and compound vitamin mineral substances, and also comprises an additive and a fermentation probiotic flora, wherein the additive comprises a surface wetting agent, an antioxidant and a mildew preventive, and the fermentation probiotic flora comprises a mixed flora of bacillus subtilis and bacillus coagulans.
The feed contains 44.2 wt% of crude protein, 3.1 wt% of lysine, 9.6 wt% of crude fat, 14.2 wt% of starch, 100 wt% of feed water-floating rate and 72 wt% of conversion rate. The surface wetting agent comprises polysorbate, tartrate and stearoyl citric acid, the antioxidant is trihydroxy benzene butanone, and the mildew preventive is dimethyl fumarate. The weight ratio of the additive in the feed is 1.5%, and the weight ratio of the fermented probiotic group is 2%.
The additive also comprises a lactobacillus extracellular polysaccharide enrichment solution used as an intestinal tract protective agent, and the preparation method of the lactobacillus extracellular polysaccharide enrichment solution comprises the following steps:
s1, inoculating lactobacillus fermentation liquor, wherein the inoculation culture medium is an MRS liquid culture medium, the inoculation temperature is 25 ℃, and the pH value before inoculation is 4.5;
s2, performing culture fermentation after the step S1, wherein the culture time is 8h, the culture temperature is 35 ℃, and after the culture is finished, the culture is centrifuged at 6000rpm for 25min to remove bacterial cells, so as to obtain a body fluid to be concentrated and enriched;
and S3, carrying out ultrafiltration concentration on the body fluid before concentration and enrichment, adding ethyl acetate accounting for 10% of the weight of the concentrated solution for precipitation, standing and centrifuging, and then taking the supernatant for ultrafiltration concentration to obtain the extracellular polysaccharide enriched liquid of the lactic acid bacteria.
The viable count of the bacillus subtilis and the bacillus coagulans is 125 hundred million CFU/ml, and the germination rate is 96 percent.
A preparation process of a novel large yellow croaker puffed compound feed sequentially comprises the following steps:
s1, finely crushing the raw materials until the solid raw materials with the weight percentage of 95 percent can pass through a 60-mesh screen;
s2, mixing all the other raw materials except the animal and vegetable oil and the surface wetting agent to obtain thick raw material liquid;
s3, tempering and puffing the thick raw material liquid to obtain feed particles;
and S4, spraying oil and a surface wetting agent on the feed particles, and drying to obtain the final compound feed.
In step S3, introducing 115 ℃ water vapor for tempering operation, and tempering for 0.5 min.
In the step S3, the puffing operation is carried out by adopting a vacuum pressure of-0.05 Mpa, the puffing time is 1min, the temperature is kept for 4min at 35 ℃ after the puffing is finished, the moisture content is 15% during the heat preservation, so that the growth of probiotics in the nutrient components of the microbial biomass is suitable, the puffing discharging operation adopts a low pressure difference puffing mode, the pressure of a puffing cavity is relieved before discharging, the pressure of a discharging hole is increased, the pressure difference is 0.1Mpa, and the puffing coefficient is increased by 18%.
Example 2
A novel large yellow croaker puffed compound feed comprises animal and plant powder, animal and plant oil and compound vitamin mineral substances, and also comprises an additive and a fermentation probiotic flora, wherein the additive comprises a surface wetting agent, an antioxidant and a mildew preventive, and the fermentation probiotic flora comprises a mixed flora of bacillus subtilis and bacillus coagulans.
The feed contains 43.5 wt% of crude protein, 3.5 wt% of lysine, 9.8 wt% of crude fat, 13.8 wt% of starch, 100 wt% of feed water-floating rate and 65 wt% of conversion rate. The surface wetting agent comprises polysorbate, tartrate and stearoyl citric acid, the antioxidant is trihydroxy benzene butanone, and the mildew preventive is dimethyl fumarate. The weight ratio of the additive in the feed is 1.6%, and the weight ratio of the fermented probiotic group is 6.5%.
The additive also comprises a lactobacillus extracellular polysaccharide enrichment solution used as an intestinal tract protective agent, and the preparation method of the lactobacillus extracellular polysaccharide enrichment solution comprises the following steps:
s1, inoculating lactobacillus fermentation liquor, wherein the inoculation culture medium is an MRS liquid culture medium, the inoculation temperature is 28 ℃, and the pH value before inoculation is 4.8;
s2, performing culture fermentation after the step S1, wherein the culture time is 8h, the culture temperature is 40 ℃, and after the culture is finished, centrifuging at 6000rpm for 26min to remove bacterial cells to obtain a body fluid to be concentrated and enriched;
and S3, carrying out ultrafiltration concentration on the body fluid before concentration and enrichment, adding ethyl acetate accounting for 10% of the weight of the concentrated solution for precipitation, standing and centrifuging, and then taking the supernatant for ultrafiltration concentration to obtain the extracellular polysaccharide enriched liquid of the lactic acid bacteria.
The viable count of the bacillus subtilis and the bacillus coagulans is 140 hundred million CFU/ml, and the germination rate is 96 percent.
A preparation process of a novel large yellow croaker puffed compound feed sequentially comprises the following steps:
s1, finely crushing the raw materials until the solid raw materials with the weight percentage of 95 percent can pass through a 60-mesh screen;
s2, mixing all the other raw materials except the animal and vegetable oil and the surface wetting agent to obtain thick raw material liquid;
s3, tempering and puffing the thick raw material liquid to obtain feed particles;
and S4, spraying oil and a surface wetting agent on the feed particles, and drying to obtain the final compound feed.
In step S3, steam with the temperature of 118 ℃ is introduced for tempering operation, and the tempering is carried out for 0.5 min.
In the step S3, the puffing operation is carried out by adopting a vacuum pressure of-0.03 MPa, the puffing time is 3min, the temperature is kept for 5min at 37 ℃ after the puffing is finished, the moisture content is 18% during the heat preservation, so that the growth of probiotics in the nutrient components of the microbial biomass is suitable, the puffing discharging operation adopts a low pressure difference puffing mode, the pressure of a puffing cavity is relieved before discharging, the pressure difference is 0.12MPa, and the puffing coefficient is increased by 22%.
Example 3
A novel large yellow croaker puffed compound feed comprises animal and plant powder, animal and plant oil and compound vitamin mineral substances, and also comprises an additive and a fermentation probiotic flora, wherein the additive comprises a surface wetting agent, an antioxidant and a mildew preventive, and the fermentation probiotic flora comprises a mixed flora of bacillus subtilis and bacillus coagulans.
The feed contains 45.0 wt% of crude protein, 2.8 wt% of lysine, 10.2 wt% of crude fat, 14.0 wt% of starch, 100 wt% of feed water-floating rate and 62 wt% of conversion rate. The surface wetting agent comprises polysorbate, tartrate and stearoyl citric acid, the antioxidant is trihydroxy benzene butanone, and the mildew preventive is dimethyl fumarate. The weight ratio of the additive in the feed is 3.0%, and the weight ratio of the fermented probiotic group is 7.5%.
The additive also comprises a lactobacillus extracellular polysaccharide enrichment solution used as an intestinal tract protective agent, and the preparation method of the lactobacillus extracellular polysaccharide enrichment solution comprises the following steps:
s1, inoculating lactobacillus fermentation liquor, wherein the inoculation culture medium is an MRS liquid culture medium, the inoculation temperature is 30 ℃, and the pH value before inoculation is 5.2;
s2, performing culture fermentation after the step S1, wherein the culture time is 12h, the culture temperature is 40 ℃, and after the culture is finished, centrifuging at the speed of 7000rpm for 28min to remove bacterial cells to obtain a body fluid to be concentrated and enriched;
and S3, carrying out ultrafiltration concentration on the body fluid before concentration and enrichment, adding ethyl acetate accounting for 10% of the weight of the concentrated solution for precipitation, standing and centrifuging, and then taking the supernatant for ultrafiltration concentration to obtain the extracellular polysaccharide enriched liquid of the lactic acid bacteria.
The viable count of the bacillus subtilis and the bacillus coagulans is 160 hundred million CFU/ml, and the germination rate is 96 percent.
A preparation process of a novel large yellow croaker puffed compound feed sequentially comprises the following steps:
s1, finely crushing the raw materials until the solid raw materials with the weight percentage of 95 percent can pass through a 60-mesh screen;
s2, mixing all the other raw materials except the animal and vegetable oil and the surface wetting agent to obtain thick raw material liquid;
s3, tempering and puffing the thick raw material liquid to obtain feed particles;
and S4, spraying oil and a surface wetting agent on the feed particles, and drying to obtain the final compound feed.
In step S3, steam with the temperature of 120 ℃ is introduced for tempering operation, and the tempering is carried out for 1.0 min.
In the step S3, the puffing operation is carried out by adopting a vacuum pressure of-0.02 Mpa, the puffing time is 5min, the temperature is kept for 6min at 38 ℃ after the puffing is finished, the moisture content is 22% by weight during the heat preservation so as to be suitable for the growth of probiotics in the nutrient components of the microbial biomass, the puffing discharging operation adopts a low pressure difference puffing mode, the pressure of a puffing cavity is released before discharging, the pressure of a discharging port is increased, the pressure difference is 0.15Mpa, and the puffing coefficient is increased by 30%.
In the embodiment of the invention, the prepared compound feed promotes digestion and absorption, improves the immunity of organisms, improves the digestion and absorption capacity of large yellow croakers, improves the disease resistance of the large yellow croakers, promotes the healthy and rapid growth of the large yellow croakers and has good market popularization effect based on a quantity nutrition and function nutrition balance technology and an intestinal health technology,
while the embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and various modifications can be made within the knowledge of those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention. These are non-inventive modifications, which are intended to be protected by patent laws within the scope of the claims appended hereto.
Claims (10)
1. A novel large yellow croaker puffed compound feed comprises animal and plant powder, animal and plant oil and compound vitamin minerals, and is characterized in that: the feed additive also comprises an additive and a fermentation probiotic flora, wherein the additive comprises a surface wetting agent, an antioxidant and a mildew preventive, and the fermentation probiotic flora comprises a mixed flora of bacillus subtilis and bacillus coagulans.
2. The novel large yellow croaker puffed compound feed as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the weight ratio of crude protein in the feed is more than or equal to 42.0 percent, the weight ratio of lysine is more than or equal to 2.7 percent, the weight ratio of crude fat is more than or equal to 9.5 percent, the weight ratio of starch is less than or equal to 15 percent, the water floating rate of the feed is 100 percent, and the conversion rate is more than or equal to 60 percent.
3. The novel large yellow croaker puffed compound feed as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the surface wetting agent comprises polysorbate, tartrate and stearoyl citric acid, the antioxidant is trihydroxy benzene butanone, and the mildew preventive is dimethyl fumarate.
4. The novel large yellow croaker puffed compound feed as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the weight ratio of the additive in the feed is 1.5-3.5%, and the weight ratio of the fermented probiotic group is 2-8%.
5. The novel large yellow croaker puffed compound feed as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the additive also comprises lactobacillus extracellular polysaccharide enrichment liquid as an intestinal tract protective agent.
6. The expanded compound feed of claim 5, wherein the preparation method of the enriched extracellular polysaccharide solution of lactic acid bacteria comprises the following steps:
s1, inoculating lactobacillus fermentation liquor, wherein the inoculation culture medium is an MRS liquid culture medium, the inoculation temperature is 25-32 ℃, and the pH value before inoculation is 4.5-5.2;
s2, performing culture fermentation after the step S1, wherein the culture time is 8-12h, the culture temperature is 35-40 ℃, and after the culture is finished, centrifuging at 6000-7000rpm for 25-28min to remove thallus cells to obtain a body fluid to be concentrated and enriched;
and S3, carrying out ultrafiltration concentration on the body fluid before concentration and enrichment, adding ethyl acetate accounting for 10% of the weight of the concentrated solution for precipitation, standing and centrifuging, and then taking the supernatant for ultrafiltration concentration to obtain the extracellular polysaccharide enriched liquid of the lactic acid bacteria.
7. The novel large yellow croaker puffed compound feed as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the viable count of the bacillus subtilis and the bacillus coagulans is 120-180 hundred million CFU/ml, and the germination rate is more than or equal to 95 percent.
8. The preparation process of the novel large yellow croaker puffed compound feed as claimed in claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps in sequence:
s1, finely crushing the raw materials until the solid raw materials with the weight percentage of 95 percent can pass through a 60-mesh screen;
s2, mixing all the other raw materials except the animal and vegetable oil and the surface wetting agent to obtain thick raw material liquid;
s3, tempering and puffing the thick raw material liquid to obtain feed particles;
and S4, spraying oil and a surface wetting agent on the feed particles, and drying to obtain the final compound feed.
9. The preparation process of the novel large yellow croaker puffed compound feed according to claim 8, wherein the preparation process comprises the following steps: in step S3, steam with the temperature of 115-120 ℃ is introduced for tempering operation, and the tempering time is 0.5-1.0 min.
10. The preparation process of the novel large yellow croaker puffed compound feed according to claim 8, wherein the preparation process comprises the following steps: in the step S3, the puffing operation is carried out by adopting vacuum pressure of-0.05 to-0.02 Mpa, the puffing time is 1 to 5min, the temperature is kept for 4 to 6min at 35 to 38 ℃ after the puffing is finished, the moisture content is 15 to 22 percent during the heat preservation, the puffing discharging operation adopts a low pressure difference puffing mode, the pressure of a puffing cavity is released before discharging, the pressure of a discharging port is increased, the pressure difference is 0.1 to 0.15Mpa, and the puffing coefficient is increased by 15 to 30 percent.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113498832A (en) * | 2021-06-29 | 2021-10-15 | 深圳市洛神生物科技有限公司 | Method for producing biological feed by hydrolyzing decomposed biogas residues |
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