CN110642627A - 一种发泡陶瓷基玻璃马赛克及其生产技术 - Google Patents
一种发泡陶瓷基玻璃马赛克及其生产技术 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
一种发泡陶瓷基玻璃马赛克及其生产技术，产品包括发泡陶瓷基层和釉料层，釉料层包括微发泡的过渡层和玻璃质釉层，釉料层被裸露的发泡陶瓷基层隔离，呈不连续状连接且具有马赛克形状和镶嵌图案。产品总厚15mm～90mm，其中发泡层厚度10mm～80mm，过渡釉层厚1.5mm～3mm，玻璃质釉层厚2mm～6mm；发泡陶瓷基层体积密度210~350Kg/m3，导热系数0.065~0.150 W/(m·K)（25°C）；发泡陶瓷基玻璃马赛克产品，釉面耐污等级A级，外墙外保温系统抗冲击性试验10J。产品适宜于建筑内外墙装饰保温，泳池、室内滑雪场以及冷冻库隔热保温，亦具有隔音降噪功能。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种发泡陶瓷基玻璃马赛克及其生产技术，尤其是涉及建筑内外墙及浴池保温装饰领域的一种发泡陶瓷基玻璃马赛克及其生产技术。
背景技术
发泡陶瓷保温装饰板是一种新型保温装饰一体化陶瓷板，它集保温、隔音、装饰、防火等功能于一体，是绿色建筑不可多得的新型建筑材料。
发明专利CN1238305C提供一种轻质发泡陶瓷装饰砖及其制造方法,装饰砖是由陶瓷坯料、发泡剂、骨架料均混物压制品的烧成物,其中陶瓷坯料和发泡剂构成装饰砖的细粉基料，发泡剂占1－7%(重量百分比)，其余为陶瓷坯料;骨架料是高于基料熔点的相对高熔点陶瓷矿物瘠性料颗粒,所述骨架料的含量为基料重量的20~50%，经一次成型后烧成的砖体具有天然石材的凹凸曲面效果。该方法采用发泡陶瓷料和不发泡的陶瓷骨架料均混压制一次烧成的工艺，虽然产品具有类似天然石材的凹凸装饰效果，但是产品绝热性能降低，装饰和保护性质也受限。
发明专利CN101812908B提供了一种防火保温复合装饰板及其制作工艺，包括饰面和底层，所述的饰面和底层之间设有发泡陶瓷，所述的发泡陶瓷包括观音土15～30％、破废玻璃15～60％、碎废瓷1～15％、粉煤灰20～35％。制作工艺，包括备料、装饰板基础处理、装饰板表面处理、滚或喷涂料、装饰板内面处理、构件安装、裁或拼泡沫陶瓷、安装或粘接在装饰面板上、检验、成品。该方法虽然解决了防火、保温和装饰问题，但是发泡陶瓷与装饰板之间靠二次粘结或锚固安装在一起，不仅增加了二次加工的生产成本，而且二次粘锚拉拔强度和粘锚材料寿命会影响产品的使用范围和寿命。
发明专利CN103526836B提供了一种保温材料，特别涉及一种具有装饰釉面的无机保温板及其制造方法。该无机保温板以发泡陶瓷保温板作为基层，在基层外表面单面加热熔化釉料形成具有装饰性图案的装饰釉面，所述的装饰釉面的原料主要含有玻璃粉。本发明具有装饰釉面的无机保温板的饰面效果非常好，色彩丰富，可以根据设计产生不同的图案，也可以仿石材效果。该方法以发泡陶瓷保温板为基层，采取单面二次加热融化玻璃粉工艺，由于发泡陶瓷导热系数低导致二次加热周期长，单面二次加热会产生热应力，极易产生应力缺陷。
发明专利申请CN103643771A提供一种陶瓷保温装饰板及其制作方法。该陶瓷保温装饰板制作方法为：第一次烧成：对发泡陶瓷板进行第一次烧成，再进行切割，使发泡陶瓷板表面及背面呈孔洞状；复加防护层：在第一次烧成后的发泡陶瓷板的表面复加防护层，防护层的内侧与发泡陶瓷板表面孔洞呈互嵌结构连接；第二次烧成：将带有防护层的发泡陶瓷板进行第二次烧成，第二次烧成温度低于第一次烧成温度，使防护层与发泡陶瓷板呈互嵌结构连接形成一体。由于发泡陶瓷导热系数低导致二次加热周期长，二次加热也会产生热应力，极易产生应力缺陷。
发明专利CN103993718B提供一种微晶玻璃饰面轻质陶瓷复合砖，包括保温基层和设置在保温基层上的装饰耐磨层，所述的保温基层为闭孔发泡陶瓷层，厚度在4mm～60mm间，体积密度在230～980Kg/m3间；所述的装饰耐磨层为微晶玻璃层，厚度2mm～4mm，体积密度在2000～3000Kg/m3间；所述的保温基层的底料和装饰耐磨面层的面料通过过压机二次布料一次成型，辊道窑一次烧成而成。该轻质陶瓷复合砖产品由于微晶玻璃层收缩，发泡陶瓷基层膨胀，产品成中间凹，四周上翘甚至开裂质量缺陷。
发明专利CN104481101 提供一种无机保温装饰板及其生产工艺。无机保温装饰板包括泡沫基体层与覆盖其上的装饰层；所述装饰层是微晶层或陶瓷层；所述微晶层的材料为微晶料，所述陶瓷层的材料是陶瓷料；所述发泡基体层包括下述成分：陶瓷粉料100份、发泡剂0.05-5份、稳泡剂0.1-5份、磷酸钠0.5-10份。该无机保温装饰板产品同样由于微晶玻璃层收缩，发泡陶瓷基层膨胀，产品成中间凹，四周上翘甚至开裂质量缺陷。
综上所属，现有技术产品没有发泡陶瓷基玻璃马赛克产品，更无法解决装饰层厚度薄的抗冲击性问题，以及陶瓷或玻璃装饰层厚度增加导致的变形和开裂问题，也很难解决二次烧导致的热应力缺陷问题。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种发泡陶瓷基玻璃马赛克产品及其生产方法，解决了现有产品陶瓷或玻璃装饰层存在抗冲击性差的问题，以及现有技术方案无法解决变形、开裂和热应力缺陷问题，而且解决了装饰上存在单调的问题。
一种发泡陶瓷基玻璃马赛克，其特征在于产品包括发泡陶瓷基层和釉料层，釉料层包括微发泡的过渡层和玻璃质釉层，釉料层被裸露的发泡陶瓷基层隔离，呈不连续状连接且具有马赛克形状和镶嵌图案；其中发泡层厚度10mm～80mm，过渡釉层厚1.5mm～3mm，玻璃质釉层厚2mm～6mm。
一种发泡陶瓷基玻璃马赛克，其配方按照质量分数包括以下组分：抛光砖微粉30％～70％，废陶片20％～50％，石英粉5%～15%，膨润土0.5％～4.5％，萤石粉0.5％～1.0％，发泡剂0.2％～0.8％，减水剂0.2％～0.5％，水42％～46％。
一种发泡陶瓷基玻璃马赛克，所述的过渡层釉料，其配方按照质量分数包括以下组分：抛光砖微粉20％～40％，钾长石粉20％～40％，珍珠岩粉10％～40％，膨润土0.5%～3%，萤石粉0.5％～1.0％，硅灰石粉0.5%～3%，三聚磷酸钾0.1％～0.5％，色料0％～1％，水34％～38。
一种发泡陶瓷基玻璃马赛克，其特征在所述的玻璃质釉层，其特征为熔块干粒，其配方按照质量分数包括以下组分：珍珠岩微粉40％～70％，钾长石粉20％～35％，霞石粉5.0％～15％，硝酸钾 0.5%～3%，硼砂0.5%～3%，白云石粉1%～3%，氧化锌0.1%～0.5%，色料0％～1％。
所述的发泡陶瓷基玻璃马赛克的生产技术，其特征在于，其生产工艺流程包括以下步骤：配料——球磨——喷雾干燥——干压成型——数码釉线装饰——二次干燥——烧成——拣选——包装入库。
所述的发泡陶瓷基玻璃马赛克的生产技术，其特征在于，数码釉线装饰包括以下步骤：数码喷过渡釉——数码喷墨水——数码喷胶水——数码喷透明玻璃干粒釉。
所述的发泡陶瓷基玻璃马赛克的生产技术，其特征在于，烧成周期3hr～6hr，烧成包括以下步骤：抽湿排潮（110C°～250C°）——预热干燥（250C°～650C°）——氧化分解（650C°～1050C°）——玻化烧成（1050C°～1120C°）——发泡膨胀（1120C°～1180C°）——急速冷却（1180C°～650C°）——缓慢冷却（650C°～250C°）——缓慢冷却（250C°～50C°）。
所述的发泡陶瓷基玻璃马赛克的生产技术，其特征在于，冷加工及打包入库包括以下步骤：在线切边——转向——在线切边——在线横切——分离——90°转向——排队——在线切割——磨边——开槽——转向——磨边——开槽——自动码砖——自动打包——智能入库。
所述的发泡陶瓷基玻璃马赛克的生产技术，其生产工艺步骤包括：
配料：按组分质量百分比组成准确配取发泡陶瓷基料、过渡料和透明玻璃料；
球磨：将发泡陶瓷基料投入专用球磨机中，球磨时间大约6小时，控制水分在42％～46％，细度在1.2％～1.6％，比重在1.50％～1.54％，粘度在30S～50S（涂-4粘度计法），泥浆合格过20目震动筛，得发泡陶瓷基料泥浆；将过渡料投入专用球磨机中，球磨时间大约8小时，控制水分在34％～38％，细度在0.8％～1.2％，比重在1.70％～1.75％，粘度在30S～50S（涂-4粘度计法），泥浆合格过60目筛，得料过渡料泥浆；最后将釉料投入专用球磨机中，球磨时间球磨时间大约12小时，控制水分在38％～42％，细度在0.3％～0.6％，比重在1.60％～1.65％，粘度在30S～50S（涂-4粘度计法），泥浆合格过60目筛，得发泡陶瓷基料泥浆；
喷雾造粉：将经过24小时以上陈腐的发泡陶瓷基料泥浆，经除铁、过筛40目滚筒筛入中转泥浆池，中转泥浆池泥浆经除铁、过60目、80目振动筛入高位伺服浆池，高位浆池泥浆经柱塞泵加压、压力喷头雾化成液滴，并在喷雾干燥塔内与热气流经过逆流、并流干燥过程后，经塔底冷却器冷却后成为合格粉料，而尾气经旋风分离器、静电除尘器与粉尘分离和脱硫塔脱硫后外排。经喷雾干燥后的粉料，控制水分在6％～8％，控制颗粒级配：20目筛上＜2.5%，20目～40目在15％～25％，40目～60目在35％～45％，60目～80目在20％～30％，80目～100目＜10%，100目筛下＜5%；合格粉料在料仓封闭陈腐储存48小时以上备用；
干压成型：合格粉料经皮带输送至压机，干压成型，成型压力45~50MPa；填料深度20mm~160mm；粉料压缩比1.95~2.15，坯体规格尺寸包括45mm×45mm、45mm×95mm、95mm×95mm、95mm×195mm、195mm×195mm、195mm×295mm、295mm×295mm；295mm×595mm等，但不仅限于此；
干燥：干燥在卧式干燥辊道窑内干燥，干燥周期3hr～6hr，干燥后坯体含水率低于1.0%；
施釉：施釉在釉线上进行，包括坯粉清扫收尘——淋水调温——数码喷过渡釉——二次干燥——数码喷墨水——数码喷胶水——数码喷透明玻璃干粒釉——施耐火底浆——三次干燥；
烧成：烧成在辊道窑进行，施釉后的马赛克制品被吸盘转移至涂过耐火底浆的堇青石耐火垫板上，进入辊道窑内烧成；
包装：规格尺寸小于95mm×95mm的，需要喷涂热融胶，贴上网格布；规格尺寸大于95mm×95mm直接打包。
产品总厚15mm～90mm，其中发泡层厚度10mm～80mm，过渡釉层厚1.5mm～3mm，玻璃质釉层厚2mm～6mm；发泡陶瓷基层体积密度210~350Kg/m3，导热系数0.065~0.150 W/(m·K)（25°C）；发泡陶瓷基玻璃马赛克产品，釉面耐污等级A级，外墙外保温系统抗冲击性试验10J。
附图说明
图1发泡陶瓷基玻璃马赛克生产工艺流程；
图2发泡陶瓷基玻璃马赛克釉线施釉工艺。
具体实施方式
实例1：六角型发泡陶瓷基玻璃马赛克，颜色呈海绿色，冰裂纹釉效果，尺寸255mm×448mm产品厚32mm，其中发泡陶瓷基层厚25mm，过渡层厚1.5mm，玻璃层厚3mm；
发泡陶瓷基层，其原料配方质量百分组成为：抛光砖微粉55％，废陶片25％，石英粉10%，膨润土3％，萤石粉0.5％，发泡剂0.15％，减水剂0.2％，水42％；
过渡层釉料，其原料配方质量百分组成为：抛光砖微粉30％，钾长石粉34％，珍珠岩粉30％，膨润土3%，萤石粉1.0％，硅灰石粉2%，三聚磷酸钾0.3％，色料1％，水36%。
玻璃质釉层，即熔块干粒，粒度40目~60目，其原料配方质量百分组成为：珍珠岩微粉60％，钾长石粉20％，霞石粉15％，硼砂2.5%，白云石粉2%，氧化锌0.5%，色料0％～1％。
生产时将发泡陶瓷基料配方投入将发泡陶瓷基料投入专用球磨机中，球磨时间大约6小时，控制水分在42％～46％，细度在1.2％～1.6％，比重在1.50％～1.54％，粘度在30S～50S（涂-4粘度计法），泥浆合格过20目震动筛，得发泡陶瓷基料泥浆；将过渡料投入专用球磨机中，球磨时间大约8小时，控制水分在34％～38％，细度在0.8％～1.2％，比重在1.70％～1.75％，粘度在30S～50S（涂-4粘度计法），泥浆合格过60目筛，得料过渡料泥浆；最后将釉料投入专用球磨机中，球磨时间球磨时间大约12小时，控制水分在38％～42％，细度在0.3％～0.6％，比重在1.60％～1.65％，粘度在30S～50S（涂-4粘度计法），泥浆合格过60目筛，得发泡陶瓷基料泥浆；将经过24小时以上陈腐的发泡陶瓷基料泥浆，经除铁、过筛40目滚筒筛入中转泥浆池，中转泥浆池泥浆经除铁、过60目、80目振动筛入高位伺服浆池，高位浆池泥浆经柱塞泵加压、压力喷头雾化成液滴，并在喷雾干燥塔内与热气流经过逆流、并流干燥过程后，经塔底冷却器冷却后成为合格粉料，而尾气经旋风分离器、静电除尘器与粉尘分离和脱硫塔脱硫后外排。经喷雾干燥后的粉料，控制水分在6％～8％，控制颗粒级配：20目筛上＜2.5%，20目～40目在15％～25％，40目～60目在35％～45％，60目～80目在20％～30％，80目～100目＜10%，100目筛下＜5%；合格粉料在料仓封闭陈腐储存48小时以上备用；
生产时将过渡层釉料配方投入专用球磨机中，球磨时间大约12小时，控制水34％～38，325目筛细度在0.5％～1.0％，比重在1.65％～1.80％，粘度在30S～50S（涂-4粘度计法），泥浆合格过60目震动筛，得过渡层釉浆，合格釉浆在釉罐均化4小时后备用，而且需要在48小时内用完；
生产时将玻璃熔块干粒原料配方均化、并连续过20目、40目、60目筛后投入1500℃~1600℃熔炉中，经过大约12小时熔化，通过溢流口进入水淬池，经水淬过的玻璃熔块经烘干、破碎、筛分后制备成40目~60目熔块干粒备用；
生产时将合格发泡陶瓷基体粉料经皮带输送至压机干压成型，成型压力45~50MPa；填料深度20mm~160mm；粉料压缩比1.95~2.15；坯体厚度14mm;
生产时，经3小时干燥后的坯体进入釉线，需要经过以下装饰工艺坯粉清扫收尘——淋水调温——数码喷过渡釉——二次干燥——数码喷墨水——数码喷胶水——数码喷透明玻璃干粒釉——施耐火底浆——三次干燥；
生产时，烧成在辊道窑进行，施釉后的发泡陶瓷马赛克制品被吸盘转移至涂过耐火底浆的堇青石耐火垫板上，进入辊道窑内烧成；烧成周期3hr，最高烧成温度1185℃；
烧成后，产品厚32mm，其中发泡陶瓷基层厚25mm，过渡层厚1.5mm，玻璃层厚3mm；其中发泡陶瓷基层体积密度285Kg/m3，导热系数0.086 W/(m·K)（25°C）；发泡陶瓷基玻璃马赛克产品，釉面耐污等级A级，外墙外保温系统抗冲击性试验10J。
实例2：长方型发泡陶瓷基玻璃马赛克，纯色釉效果，尺寸95mm×195mm产品厚32mm，其中发泡陶瓷基层厚55mm，过渡层厚2mm，玻璃层厚3mm；
发泡陶瓷基层，其原料配方质量百分组成为：抛光砖微粉65％，废陶片27％，石英粉5%，膨润土3％，萤石粉0.5％，发泡剂0.1％，减水剂0.2％，水42％；
过渡层釉料，其原料配方质量百分组成为：抛光砖微粉30％，钾长石粉30％，珍珠岩粉35％，膨润土3%，萤石粉1.0％，硅灰石粉2%，三聚磷酸钾0.3％，色料1％，水36%。
玻璃质釉层，即熔块干粒，粒度40目~60目，其原料配方质量百分组成为：珍珠岩微粉60％，钾长石粉20％，霞石粉15％，硼砂2.5%，白云石粉2%，氧化锌0.5%，色料0％～1％。
生产时将发泡陶瓷基料配方投入将发泡陶瓷基料投入专用球磨机中，球磨时间大约6小时，控制水分在44％～46％，细度在1.2％～1.5％，比重在1.50％～1.54％，粘度在30S～50S（涂-4粘度计法），泥浆合格过20目震动筛，得发泡陶瓷基料泥浆；将过渡料投入专用球磨机中，球磨时间大约8小时，控制水分在34％～38％，细度在0.8％～1.2％，比重在1.70％～1.75％，粘度在30S～50S（涂-4粘度计法），泥浆合格过60目筛，得料过渡料泥浆；最后将釉料投入专用球磨机中，球磨时间球磨时间大约12小时，控制水分在38％～42％，细度在0.3％～0.6％，比重在1.60％～1.65％，粘度在30S～50S（涂-4粘度计法），泥浆合格过60目筛，得发泡陶瓷基料泥浆；将经过24小时以上陈腐的发泡陶瓷基料泥浆，经除铁、过筛40目滚筒筛入中转泥浆池，中转泥浆池泥浆经除铁、过60目、80目振动筛入高位伺服浆池，高位浆池泥浆经柱塞泵加压、压力喷头雾化成液滴，并在喷雾干燥塔内与热气流经过逆流、并流干燥过程后，经塔底冷却器冷却后成为合格粉料，而尾气经旋风分离器、静电除尘器与粉尘分离和脱硫塔脱硫后外排。经喷雾干燥后的粉料，控制水分在6％～8％，控制颗粒级配：20目筛上＜2.5%，20目～40目在15％～25％，40目～60目在35％～45％，60目～80目在20％～30％，80目～100目＜10%，100目筛下＜5%；合格粉料在料仓封闭陈腐储存48小时以上备用；
生产时将过渡层釉料配方投入专用球磨机中，球磨时间大约12小时，控制水34％～38，325目筛细度在0.5％～1.0％，比重在1.65％～1.80％，粘度在30S～50S（涂-4粘度计法），泥浆合格过60目震动筛，得过渡层釉浆，合格釉浆在釉罐均化4小时后备用，而且需要在48小时内用完；
生产时将玻璃熔块干粒原料配方均化、并连续过20目、40目、60目筛后投入1500℃~1600℃熔炉中，经过大约12小时熔化，通过溢流口进入水淬池，经水淬过的玻璃熔块经烘干、破碎、筛分后制备成40目~60目熔块干粒备用；
生产时将合格发泡陶瓷基体粉料经皮带输送至压机干压成型，成型压力45~50MPa；填料深度20mm~160mm；粉料压缩比1.95~2.15；坯体厚度30mm;
生产时，经3小时干燥后的坯体进入釉线，需要经过以下装饰工艺坯粉清扫收尘——淋水调温——数码喷过渡釉——二次干燥——数码喷墨水——数码喷胶水——数码喷透明玻璃干粒釉——施耐火底浆——三次干燥；
生产时，烧成在辊道窑进行，施釉后的发泡陶瓷马赛克制品被吸盘转移至涂过耐火底浆的堇青石耐火垫板上，进入辊道窑内烧成；烧成周期3hr，最高烧成温度1185℃；
烧成后，产品厚55mm，其中发泡陶瓷基层厚50.5mm，过渡层厚1.5mm，玻璃层厚3mm；其中发泡陶瓷基层体积密度263Kg/m3，导热系数0.079 W/(m·K)（25°C）；发泡陶瓷基玻璃马赛克产品，釉面耐污等级A级，外墙外保温系统抗冲击性试验10J。
作为一种功能型建材，产品适宜于建筑内外墙装饰保温，泳池、室内滑雪场以及冷冻库隔热保温。产品亦具有隔音降噪作用，适宜于学校、体育馆、图书馆、文化馆、电影院、剧院、酒吧、饭店以及隔音降噪要求较高居民楼等场所隔音降噪装饰装修。
Claims (10)
1.一种发泡陶瓷基玻璃马赛克，其特征在于产品包括发泡陶瓷基层和釉料层，釉料层包括微发泡的过渡层和玻璃质釉层，釉料层被裸露的发泡陶瓷基层隔离，呈不连续状连接且具有马赛克形状和镶嵌图案；其中发泡层厚度10mm～80mm，过渡层厚1.5mm～3mm，玻璃质釉层厚2mm～4mm。
2.一种发泡陶瓷基玻璃马赛克，其特征在于权利1所述的发泡陶瓷基层，其配方按照质量分数包括以下组分：抛光砖微粉30％～70％，废陶片20％～50％，石英粉5%～15%，膨润土0.5％～4.5％，萤石粉0.5％～1.0％，发泡剂0.2％～0.8％，减水剂0.2％～0.5％，水42％～46％。
3.一种发泡陶瓷基玻璃马赛克，其特征在于权利1所述的过渡层釉，其配方按照质量分数包括以下组分：抛光砖微粉20％～40％，钾长石粉20％～40％，珍珠岩粉10％～20％，膨润土0.5%～3%，萤石粉0.5％～1.0％，硅灰石粉0.5%～3%，三聚磷酸钾0.1％～0.5％，色料0％～1％，水34％～38％。
4.一种发泡陶瓷基玻璃马赛克，其特征在于权利1所述的玻璃质釉层，其特征为熔块干粒，其配方按照质量分数包括以下组分：珍珠岩微粉40％～70％，钾长石粉20％～35％，霞石粉5.0％～15％，膨润土0.5%～3%，萤石粉0.5％～1.5％，硅灰石粉0.5%～3%，烧氧化锌0.1%～0.5%，色料0％～1％。
5.如权利1所述的发泡陶瓷基玻璃马赛克的生产技术，其特征在于，其生产工艺流程包括以下步骤：配料——球磨——喷雾干燥——干压成型——数码釉线装饰——二次干燥——烧成——冷加工——包装入库。
6.如权利1所述的发泡陶瓷基玻璃马赛克的生产技术，其特征在于，数码釉线装饰包括以下步骤：数码喷过渡釉——数码喷墨水——数码喷胶水——数码喷透明玻璃干粒釉。
7.如权利1所述的发泡陶瓷基玻璃马赛克的生产技术，其特征在于，烧成周期3hr～6hr，烧成包括以下步骤：抽湿排潮（110C°～250C°）——预热干燥（250C°～650C°）——氧化分解（650C°～1050C°）——玻化烧成（1050C°～1120C°）——发泡膨胀（1120C°～1180C°）——急速冷却（1180C°～650C°）——缓慢冷却（650C°～250C°）——缓慢冷却（250C°～50C°）。
8.如权利1所述的发泡陶瓷基玻璃马赛克复合板的生产技术，其特征在于，冷加工及打包入库包括以下步骤：在线切边——转向——在线切边——在线横切——分离——90°转向——排队——在线切割——磨边——开槽——转向——磨边——开槽——自动码砖——自动打包——智能入库。
9.如权利1所述的一种发泡陶瓷基玻璃马赛克，可用于建筑内外墙防火保温。
10.如权利1所述的一种发泡陶瓷基玻璃马赛克，其生产方法不仅限于数码釉线装饰，采取其他方法，但是产品特征具备权利1所述特征的，亦属本权利要求涵盖范围。
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