CN110634757A - 一种晶圆背面覆铜的焊接工艺 - Google Patents

一种晶圆背面覆铜的焊接工艺 Download PDF

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CN110634757A
CN110634757A CN201910909799.9A CN201910909799A CN110634757A CN 110634757 A CN110634757 A CN 110634757A CN 201910909799 A CN201910909799 A CN 201910909799A CN 110634757 A CN110634757 A CN 110634757A
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CN110634757B (zh
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张茹
臧天程
姜维宾
安勇
金浩
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Yantai Tai Core Electronic Technology Co Ltd
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01LSEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L24/00Arrangements for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies; Methods or apparatus related thereto
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    • HELECTRICITY
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    • H01L2224/00Indexing scheme for arrangements for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies and methods related thereto as covered by H01L24/00
    • H01L2224/80Methods for connecting semiconductor or other solid state bodies using means for bonding being attached to, or being formed on, the surface to be connected
    • H01L2224/80001Methods for connecting semiconductor or other solid state bodies using means for bonding being attached to, or being formed on, the surface to be connected by connecting a bonding area directly to another bonding area, i.e. connectorless bonding, e.g. bumpless bonding
    • H01L2224/80009Pre-treatment of the bonding area
    • H01L2224/8001Cleaning the bonding area, e.g. oxide removal step, desmearing
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
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    • H01L2224/80Methods for connecting semiconductor or other solid state bodies using means for bonding being attached to, or being formed on, the surface to be connected
    • H01L2224/80001Methods for connecting semiconductor or other solid state bodies using means for bonding being attached to, or being formed on, the surface to be connected by connecting a bonding area directly to another bonding area, i.e. connectorless bonding, e.g. bumpless bonding
    • H01L2224/80009Pre-treatment of the bonding area
    • H01L2224/8001Cleaning the bonding area, e.g. oxide removal step, desmearing
    • H01L2224/80012Mechanical cleaning, e.g. abrasion using hydro blasting, brushes, ultrasonic cleaning, dry ice blasting, gas-flow
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    • H01L2224/00Indexing scheme for arrangements for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies and methods related thereto as covered by H01L24/00
    • H01L2224/80Methods for connecting semiconductor or other solid state bodies using means for bonding being attached to, or being formed on, the surface to be connected
    • H01L2224/80001Methods for connecting semiconductor or other solid state bodies using means for bonding being attached to, or being formed on, the surface to be connected by connecting a bonding area directly to another bonding area, i.e. connectorless bonding, e.g. bumpless bonding
    • H01L2224/80009Pre-treatment of the bonding area
    • H01L2224/8001Cleaning the bonding area, e.g. oxide removal step, desmearing
    • H01L2224/80019Combinations of two or more cleaning methods provided for in at least two different groups from H01L2224/8001 - H01L2224/80014
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    • H01L2224/00Indexing scheme for arrangements for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies and methods related thereto as covered by H01L24/00
    • H01L2224/80Methods for connecting semiconductor or other solid state bodies using means for bonding being attached to, or being formed on, the surface to be connected
    • H01L2224/80001Methods for connecting semiconductor or other solid state bodies using means for bonding being attached to, or being formed on, the surface to be connected by connecting a bonding area directly to another bonding area, i.e. connectorless bonding, e.g. bumpless bonding
    • H01L2224/80009Pre-treatment of the bonding area
    • H01L2224/80024Applying flux to the bonding area in the bonding apparatus
    • HELECTRICITY
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    • H01L2224/00Indexing scheme for arrangements for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies and methods related thereto as covered by H01L24/00
    • H01L2224/80Methods for connecting semiconductor or other solid state bodies using means for bonding being attached to, or being formed on, the surface to be connected
    • H01L2224/80001Methods for connecting semiconductor or other solid state bodies using means for bonding being attached to, or being formed on, the surface to be connected by connecting a bonding area directly to another bonding area, i.e. connectorless bonding, e.g. bumpless bonding
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种晶圆背面覆铜的焊接工艺,属于晶圆制造技术领域,该工艺步骤如下:S1:打磨;S2:清洗;S3:退火;S4:第二次打磨和清洗:将退火后的铜片重复步骤S1和S2;S5:印刷:对铜片上表面印刷锡膏;S6:焊接:将晶圆放置于印刷完锡膏的铜片上,晶圆背面与铜片接触,晶圆上方放置上基板,铜片下方放置下基板,形成焊接机构,将焊接结构放置于真空焊接炉进行焊接,焊接温度为290℃,焊接完成后进行冷却;S7:清洗:将焊接上铜片的晶圆使用溴丙烷浸泡,然后进行超声波清洗,然后再用酒精浸泡进行超声波清洗;S8:检测空洞;用以解决现有技术中芯片温升高、芯片封装时易碎裂的技术问题。

Description

一种晶圆背面覆铜的焊接工艺
技术领域
本发明涉及一种晶圆背面覆铜的焊接工艺,属于晶圆制造技术领域。
背景技术
IGBT芯片器件作为功率设备的核心组件,也是设备的主要发热源,一般器件的工作温度超过一定的限制范围,其工作性能将显著下降,进而影响系统运行的可靠性,因此为了降低芯片热阻,提高芯片的散热能力,IGBT芯片的厚度要求越来越薄,但是芯片的超薄化使得芯片在封装过程中容易出现碎裂的情况,因此如何实现既能降低芯片的热阻,提高芯片的散热能力,同时又能避免芯片封装过程易碎裂的现象发生,是急需解决的技术问题。
发明内容
本发明针对现有技术存在的不足,提供一种晶圆背面覆铜的焊接工艺,用以解决现有技术中芯片温升高、芯片封装时易碎裂的技术问题。
本发明解决上述技术问题的技术方案如下:一种晶圆背面覆铜的焊接工艺,该工艺步骤如下:S1:打磨:对铜片上下表面使用砂纸进行打磨;S2:清洗:将铜片放置于酒精浸泡后,进行超声波清洗;S3:退火:在铜片上方和下方分别放置上基板和下基板形成退火结构,在310℃条件下进行退火;S4:第二次打磨和清洗:将退火后的铜片重复步骤S1和S2;S5:印刷:对铜片上表面印刷锡膏;S6:焊接:将晶圆放置于印刷完锡膏的铜片上,晶圆背面与铜片接触,晶圆上方放置上基板,铜片下方放置下基板,形成焊接机构,将焊接结构放置于真空焊接炉进行焊接,焊接温度为290℃,焊接完成后进行冷却;S7:清洗:将焊接上铜片的晶圆使用溴丙烷浸泡,然后进行超声波清洗,然后再用酒精浸泡进行超声波清洗;S8:检测空洞,空洞率在3%内即为合格。
本发明的有益效果是:通过对铜片用砂纸进行打磨和用酒精浸泡后进行超声波清洗,清除铜片上下表面的杂质和颗粒,使铜片上下表面更光滑,有利于提高后续晶圆与铜片的焊接质量;通过对铜片进行退火操作,同时使用上基板和下基板对铜片进行固定,去除内应力,防止铜片退火时发生变形;通过对退火后的铜片进行再次打磨和清洗,进一步对铜片上下表面进行清理,提高后续晶圆与铜片的焊接质量;通过使用上基板和下基板对晶圆和铜片进行固定,有利于防止铜片与晶圆焊接时发生铜片变形的现象,降低废品率;通过采用溴丙烷进行超声波清洗焊接后的铜片与晶圆,提高清洗效果;(1)改变了传统的晶圆背面覆铝封装工艺,在晶圆背面焊接铜片,由于铜具有较高的电导率和热导率,封装时由晶圆切割的芯片背面的铜片与陶瓷覆铜板(DBC)的上层铜材料相匹配,提高模块的抗疲劳性;(2)由于铜的韧度高,芯片在封装过程中可降低碎片率,同时减薄后的芯片降低了芯片的热阻,降低了模块的温升;(3)解决了IGBT模块温升高的问题,增强了产品的可靠性,同时也填补了我国在IGBT芯片背面覆铜这一领域的空白。
在上述技术方案的基础上,本发明还可以做如下改进。
进一步,所述下基板的尺寸与铜片尺寸相同。
采用上述进一步方案的有益效果是,有利于降低铜片退火时的形变量。
进一步,步骤S5中使用钢网对铜片上表面进行印刷锡膏,所述钢网的厚度为0.25mm,所述钢网上设置若干个网孔。
进一步,所述网孔的形状为矩形,网孔的间距为0.4mm。
采用上述进一步方案的有益效果是,通过设置钢网以及在钢网上设置网孔,有利于对铜片上表面均匀的印刷锡膏,使得锡膏的厚度与钢网厚度一直,提高印刷锡膏的效率。
进一步,步骤S6中对焊接完成的晶圆与铜片进行逐级冷却,冷却温度设定为200℃、175℃、150℃、100℃、50℃。
采用上述进一步方案的有益效果是,通过设置逐级冷却,并对不同等级的冷却温度进行设定,有利于避免铜片因骤冷而发生形变,保证焊接质量。
进一步,步骤S2中铜片清洗时,酒精温度为38℃,浸泡时间为10min,超声波清洗时间为30s。
采用上述进一步方案的有益效果是,通过设定酒精的浸泡温度和浸泡时间,以及超声波清洗的时间,提高铜片的清洗效率。
进一步,步骤S7中溴丙烷浸泡的温度为38℃,浸泡时间为10min,酒精浸泡温度为38℃,超声波清洗时间均为30s。
采用上述进一步方案的有益效果是,通过设置溴丙烷的浸泡温度和浸泡时间,提高焊接铜片后的晶圆的清洗效果,通过酒精浸泡和超声波清洗,进一步提高焊接铜片后的晶圆的清洗效率。
附图说明
图1为步骤S3中退火结构的使用示意图;
图2为步骤S6中铜片使用钢网印刷锡膏的主视示意图;
图3为步骤S6中铜片使用钢网印刷锡膏的俯视示意图;
图4为步骤7焊接结构的使用示意图;
图5为本发明的工艺流程示意图。
图中1.上基板,2.铜片,3.下基板,4.钢网,5.晶圆,41.网孔。
具体实施方式
以下结合附图对本发明的原理和特征进行描述,所举实例只用于解释本发明,并非用于限定本发明的范围。
一种晶圆背面覆铜的焊接工艺,该工艺步骤如下:
S1:打磨:对铜片2上下表面使用2000钼的砂纸进行打磨;
S2:清洗:将铜片2放置于温度为38℃的酒精浸泡10min后,进行超声波清洗30s,通过设定酒精的浸泡温度和浸泡时间,以及超声波清洗的时间,提高铜片的清洗效率;
S3:退火:在铜片2上方和下方分别放置上基板1和下基板3,上所述下基板3的尺寸与铜片2尺寸相同,有利于降低铜片2退火时的形变量,形成退火结构,在310℃条件下进行退火;
S4:第二次打磨和清洗:将退火后的铜片2重复步骤S1和S2;
S5:印刷:对铜片2上表面印刷锡膏,使用钢网4对铜片2上表面进行印刷锡膏,所述钢网4的厚度为0.25mm,所述钢网4上设置若干个网孔41,所述网孔41的形状为矩形,网孔41的间距为0.4mm,通过设置钢网4以及在钢网4上设置网孔41,有利于对铜片2上表面均匀的印刷锡膏,使得锡膏的厚度与钢网4厚度一直,提高印刷锡膏的效率;
S6:焊接:将晶圆5放置于印刷完锡膏的铜2片上,晶圆5背面与铜片2接触,晶圆5上方放置上基板1,铜片2下方放置下基板3,形成焊接机构,将焊接结构放置于真空焊接炉进行焊接,焊接温度为290℃,对焊接完成的晶圆5与铜片2进行逐级冷却,冷却温度设定为200℃、175℃、150℃、100℃、50℃,通过设置逐级冷却,并对不同等级的冷却温度进行设定,有利于避免铜片2因骤冷而发生形变,保证焊接质量;
S7:清洗:将焊接上铜片2的晶圆5使用温度为38℃的溴丙烷浸泡10min,然后进行超声波清洗30s,然后再用温度为38℃的酒精浸泡进行超声波清洗30s;
S8:检测空洞,空洞率在3%内即为合格。
通过对铜片2用砂纸进行打磨和用酒精浸泡后进行超声波清洗,清除铜片2上下表面的杂质和颗粒,使铜片2上下表面更光滑,有利于提高后续晶圆5与铜片2的焊接质量;通过对铜片2进行退火操作,同时使用上基板1和下基板3对铜片2进行固定,去除内应力,防止铜片2退火时发生变形;通过对退火后的铜片2进行再次打磨和清洗,进一步对铜片2上下表面进行清理,提高后续晶圆5与铜片2的焊接质量;通过使用上基板1和下基板3对晶圆5和铜片2进行固定,有利于防止铜片2与晶圆5焊接时发生铜片2变形的现象,降低废品率;通过采用溴丙烷进行超声波清洗焊接后的铜片2与晶圆5,提高清洗效果;(1)改变了传统的晶圆5背面覆铝封装工艺,在晶圆5背面焊接铜片2,由于铜具有较高的电导率和热导率,封装时由晶圆5切割的芯片背面的铜片2与陶瓷覆铜板(DBC)的上层铜材料相匹配,提高模块的抗疲劳性;(2)由于铜的韧度高,芯片在封装过程中可降低碎片率,同时减薄后的芯片降低了芯片的热阻,降低了模块的温升;(3)解决了IGBT模块温升高的问题,增强了产品的可靠性,同时也填补了我国在IGBT芯片背面覆铜这一领域的空白。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例,并不用以限制本发明,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (7)

1.一种晶圆背面覆铜的焊接工艺,其特征在于:该工艺步骤如下:S1:打磨:对铜片上下表面使用砂纸进行打磨;S2:清洗:将铜片放置于酒精浸泡后,进行超声波清洗;S3:退火:在铜片上方和下方分别放置上基板和下基板,形成退火结构,在310℃条件下进行退火;S4:第二次打磨和清洗:将退火后的铜片重复步骤S1和S2;S5:印刷:对铜片上表面印刷锡膏;S6:焊接:将晶圆放置于印刷完锡膏的铜片上,晶圆背面与铜片接触,晶圆上方放置上基板,铜片下方放置下基板,形成焊接机构,将焊接结构放置于真空焊接炉进行焊接,焊接温度为290℃,焊接完成后进行冷却;S7:清洗:将焊接上铜片的晶圆使用溴丙烷浸泡,然后进行超声波清洗,然后再用酒精浸泡进行超声波清洗;S8:检测空洞,空洞率在3%内即为合格。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种晶圆背面覆铜的焊接工艺,其特征在于:所述下基板的尺寸与铜片尺寸相同。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种晶圆背面覆铜的焊接工艺,其特征在于:步骤S5中使用钢网对铜片上表面进行印刷锡膏,所述钢网的厚度为0.25mm,所述钢网上设置若干个网孔。
4.根据权利要求3所述的一种晶圆背面覆铜的焊接工艺,其特征在于:所述网孔的形状为矩形,网孔的间距为0.4mm。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种晶圆背面覆铜的焊接工艺,其特征在于:步骤S6中对焊接完成的晶圆与铜片进行逐级冷却,冷却温度设定为200℃、175℃、150℃、100℃、50℃。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种晶圆背面覆铜的焊接工艺,其特征在于:步骤S2中铜片清洗时,酒精温度为38℃,浸泡时间为10min,超声波清洗时间为30s。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种晶圆背面覆铜的焊接工艺,其特征在于:步骤S7中溴丙烷浸泡的温度为38℃,浸泡时间为10min,酒精浸泡温度为38℃,超声波清洗时间均为30s。
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