CN110628236B - 一种枸杞酸浆果红素的提取方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及从枸杞中提取制备枸杞酸浆果红素的方法,尤其是一种枸杞酸浆果红素的提取方法。其特点是,包括如下步骤:(1)取枸杞干果进行烘干,然后粉碎,过40‑80目筛;(2)向得到的枸杞粉末中加入棕榈酸,搅拌;(3)采用微波加热并且边加热边搅拌;(4)采用超临界CO2萃取,得到枸杞酸浆果红素的粗提物;(5)将得到的粗提物依次采用热醇清洗、热过滤,收集滤饼然后干燥即得枸杞酸浆果红素。本发明产品得率高,同时保证在加工过程中产品的稳定性和纯度。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及从枸杞中提取制备枸杞酸浆果红素的方法,尤其是一种枸杞酸浆果红素的提取方法。
背景技术
枸杞为我国传统的名贵中药材,又是良好的滋补食材,在传统中药方剂和现代功能保健食品中有广泛的应用。现代医学研究发现枸杞在免疫调节、延缓衰老、抗肝损伤等方面具有明显作用,一般认为枸杞的生物活性功能与枸杞多糖、类胡萝卜素等生物活性有关,枸杞成熟果中积累着大量的类胡萝卜素类物质,枸杞干果中类胡萝卜色素达到1-2%,而枸杞中类胡萝卜素除少量的β-胡萝卜素和玉米黄素外,绝大数类胡萝卜色素以更加稳定的类胡萝卜素酯的形式存在,其中玉米黄素双棕榈酸酯(酸浆果红素)的形式存在,枸杞酸浆果红素占到56-75%。枸杞酸浆果红素是一种天然色素,相对于枸杞中其他类胡萝卜色素,酸浆果红素具有更加稳定,并具有抗氧化、缓解酒精肝、脂肪肝、预防白内障、老年性黄斑变性、名目功效,可作为食品着色剂和营养强化剂应用到食品加工中。
目前,关于枸杞酸浆果红素的提取制备的报道极少,从枸杞中提取色素大多为提取枸杞中类胡萝卜素的混合物。如中国专利CN00101474.9公布了一种超临界二氧化碳萃取枸杞色素中β-胡萝卜素的方法,采用高分子膜对枸杞原汁进行预处理、超滤,截留枸杞色素和大于50万分子量的不溶性固形物微粒,分离出浓稠状枸杞色素液体,再经冻干成色素粉与籽混合萃取,得到色素和籽油的混合物。中国专利CN201110406665.9公布了以乙醇为夹带剂进行超临界二氧化碳萃取,得到玉米黄质提取物;中国CN201110453746.4公布了一种含类胡萝卜素单体的浓缩物及其制备方法,其使用枸杞提取物制备类胡萝卜素浓缩物,然后通过酶解、再用有机溶剂进行破乳、溶剂萃取、浓缩,得到一种含类胡萝卜素单体的浓缩物;中国专利CN201510647650.X公布了一种提取富集枸杞子中玉米黄质的方法,采用亚临界流体萃取、乙酸乙酯萃取、大孔吸附树脂洗脱,得到玉米黄质。中国专利CN201510711042.0公布了一种枸杞色素提取物的制备方法,枸杞清洗、干燥、破碎超微粉碎后,超临界CO2萃取得到色素粗提取部分,粗提部分再经离心、超滤、活性炭吸附、解吸附的方式得到纯净的枸杞色素。在目前唯一公布的枸杞酸浆果红素制备方法——中国专利CN201410498454.6高纯度枸杞玉米黄质棕榈酸酯的制备方法,其采用丙酮提取、柱分离、混合溶剂洗脱得到是玉米黄质棕榈酸酯,该方法采用传统的有机溶剂提取再经色谱柱分离,工艺复杂、提取效率低、不易大规模制备,同时存在溶剂残留的问题,限制了该方法的应用。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种枸杞酸浆果红素的提取方法,能够提高产品纯度和得率,简化工艺过程、降低成本。
一种枸杞酸浆果红素的提取方法,其特别之处在于,包括如下步骤:
(1)取枸杞干果进行烘干,然后粉碎,过40-80目筛;
(2)向得到的枸杞粉末中加入棕榈酸,搅拌;
(3)采用微波加热并且边加热边搅拌;
(4)采用超临界CO2萃取,得到枸杞酸浆果红素的粗提物;
(5)将得到的粗提物依次采用热醇清洗、热过滤,收集滤饼然后干燥即得枸杞酸浆果红素。
步骤(1)中烘干具体是采用真空干燥,控制干燥温度50-65℃、真空度70-100Kpa,干燥至水分≤6%。
步骤(2)具体是在0-30℃条件下,按重量比1-3%在枸杞粉末中添加棕榈酸粉末,然后搅拌均匀。
步骤(3)中微波加热时所用微波功率为400-700W,加热方式为间断式,具体是先用微波辐照2min后间隔8min,然后重复上述先用微波辐照后间隔的步骤,控制微波加热处理的总时间为2-3h。
步骤(4)中超临界CO2萃取时控制压力20-25MPa、萃取温度35-45℃、分离温度30-40℃、萃取时间2-3h。
步骤(5)具体是将粗提物按料液比1:2~3加入至体积分数为75-95%的乙醇水溶液或无水乙醇中,加热至60-70℃,充分搅拌,然后60-70℃热过滤,收集滤饼于55-65℃烘干,即得。
本发明提供了一种从枸杞中提取制备枸杞酸浆果红素的方法,该方法在枸杞粉中加入棕榈酸酸化,通过微波辐照催化枸杞类胡萝卜素中玉米黄素、β-胡萝卜素及玉米黄素单棕榈酸酯向更加稳定的枸杞酸浆果红素的形式转化,再经超临界CO2萃取,产品得率高,同时保证在加工过程中产品的稳定性和纯度。并且在枸杞酸浆果红素精制中,采用热醇清洗除去了反应不完全的棕榈酸和其他色素杂质,所得枸杞酸浆果红素纯度高。除此之外,本发明方法所用辅料和加工助剂仅有棕榈酸和乙醇,二者均为食品添加剂,产品安全性高。综上所述,本发明提供从枸杞中提取制备酸浆果红素的方法与其他枸杞色素提取方法相比具有所得产品纯度高、得率高、安全性好等特点。
具体实施方式
本发明旨在提供一种从枸杞中提取制备酸浆果红素的方法。结合具体实施方式对本发明进行进一步的详细描述,给出的实施例仅为了阐明本发明,而不是为了限制本发明的范围。
实施例1:
(1)取枸杞干果(宁夏宝丰生态牧场枸杞,等级:特级),控制温度50℃、真空度70Kpa真空干燥至枸杞物料水分为6%,然后粉碎,过40目筛;
(2)准确取粉末1000g,按重量比1%加入棕榈酸粉末,即10g棕榈酸,搅拌均匀;
(3)微波热处理,所用微波功率为400W,加热方式为间断式,即:微波辐照2min、间隔8min,再微波辐照2min、间隔8min,以此往复,总共热处理2h,在热处理过程中不断搅拌;
(4)超临界CO2萃取,控制萃取压力20MPa、萃取温度35℃、分离温度30℃、萃取时间2h。
(5)将得到的枸杞酸浆果红素粗提物按料液比1:2(g/ml,下同)加入至体积分数为75%的乙醇水溶液中,加热至60℃,充分搅拌,然后60℃热过滤,收集滤饼于55℃烘干,得精制枸杞酸浆果红素2.10g,纯度90.35%。
实施例2:
(1)取枸杞干果(宁夏宝丰生态牧场枸杞,等级:特级),温度60℃、真空度90Kpa真空干燥至枸杞物料水分为5%,然后粉碎,过60目筛;
(2)准确取粉末1000g,按重量比2%加入棕榈酸粉末,即20g棕榈酸,搅拌均匀;
(3)微波热处理,所用微波功率为600W,加热方式为间断式,即:微波辐照2min、间隔8min,再微波辐照2min、间隔8min,以此往复,总共热处理1.5h,在热处理过程中不断搅拌;
(4)超临界CO2萃取,萃取压力25MPa、萃取温度40℃、分离温度40℃、萃取时间2.5h。
(5)将得到的枸杞酸浆果红素粗提物按料液比1:2.5加入至体积分数为95%的乙醇水溶液中,加热至65℃,充分搅拌,然后65℃热过滤,收集滤饼于60℃烘干,得精制枸杞酸浆果红素2.25g,纯度91.05%。
实施例3:
(1)取枸杞干果(宁夏宝丰生态牧场枸杞,等级:特级),温度65℃、真空度100Kpa真空干燥至枸杞物料水分为5%,然后粉碎,过80目筛;
(2)准确取粉末1000g,按重量比3%加入棕榈酸粉末,即30g棕榈酸,搅拌均匀;
(3)微波热处理,所用微波功率为700W,加热方式为间断式,即:微波辐照2min、间隔8min,再微波辐照2min、间隔8min,以此往复,总共热处理2h,在热处理过程中不断搅拌;
(4)超临界CO2萃取,萃取压力25MPa、萃取温度45℃、分离温度40℃、萃取时间3h。
(5)将得到的枸杞酸浆果红素粗提物按料液比1:2加入至无水乙醇中,加热至70℃,充分搅拌,然后70℃热过滤,收集滤饼于60℃烘干,得精制枸杞酸浆果红素2.30g,纯度89.75%。
实施例4:
(1)取枸杞干果(宁夏宝丰生态牧场枸杞,等级:特级),温度65℃、真空度80Kpa真空干燥至枸杞物料水分为5%,然后粉碎,过60目筛;
(2)准确取粉末1000g,按重量比2%加入棕榈酸粉末,即20g棕榈酸,搅拌均匀;
(3)微波热处理,所用微波功率为600W,加热方式为间断式,即:微波辐照2min、间隔8min,再微波辐照2min、间隔8min,以此往复,总共热处理3h,在热处理过程中不断搅拌;
(4)超临界CO2萃取,萃取压力30MPa、萃取温度45℃、分离温度40℃、萃取时间3h。
(5)将得到的枸杞酸浆果红素粗提物按料液比1:3加入至无水乙醇中,加热至60℃,充分搅拌,然后60℃热过滤,滤饼再采用热醇淋洗2次,收集滤饼于65℃烘干,得精制枸杞酸浆果红素2.35g,纯度88.45%。
Claims (6)
1.一种枸杞酸浆果红素的提取方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
(1)取枸杞干果进行烘干,然后粉碎,过40-80目筛;
(2)向得到的枸杞粉末中加入棕榈酸,搅拌;
(3)采用微波加热并且边加热边搅拌;
(4)采用超临界CO2萃取,得到枸杞酸浆果红素的粗提物;
(5)将得到的粗提物依次采用热醇清洗、热过滤,收集滤饼然后干燥即得枸杞酸浆果红素。
2.如权利要求1所述的一种枸杞酸浆果红素的提取方法,其特征在于:步骤(1)中烘干具体是采用真空干燥,控制干燥温度50-65℃、真空度70-100Kpa,干燥至水分≤6%。
3.如权利要求1所述的一种枸杞酸浆果红素的提取方法,其特征在于:步骤(2)具体是在0-30℃条件下,按重量比1-3%在枸杞粉末中添加棕榈酸粉末,然后搅拌均匀。
4.如权利要求1所述的一种枸杞酸浆果红素的提取方法,其特征在于:步骤(3)中微波加热时所用微波功率为400-700W,加热方式为间断式,具体是先用微波辐照2min后间隔8min,然后重复上述先用微波辐照后间隔的步骤,控制微波加热处理的总时间为2-3h。
5.如权利要求1所述的一种枸杞酸浆果红素的提取方法,其特征在于:步骤(4)中超临界CO2萃取时控制压力20-25MPa、萃取温度35-45℃、分离温度30-40℃、萃取时间2-3h。
6.如权利要求1所述的一种枸杞酸浆果红素的提取方法,其特征在于:步骤(5)具体是将粗提物按料液比1:2~3加入至体积分数为75-95%的乙醇水溶液或无水乙醇中,加热至60-70℃,充分搅拌,然后60-70℃热过滤,收集滤饼于55-65℃烘干,即得。
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CN105503681A (zh) * | 2014-09-25 | 2016-04-20 | 赵军 | 高纯度枸杞玉米黄质棕榈酸酯的制备方法 |
CN108047110A (zh) * | 2017-12-11 | 2018-05-18 | 宁夏农林科学院枸杞工程技术研究所 | 一种以枸杞为原料制备玉米黄素双棕榈酸酯的方法 |
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