CN110621558B - 线控制动器 - Google Patents

线控制动器 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110621558B
CN110621558B CN201880030098.1A CN201880030098A CN110621558B CN 110621558 B CN110621558 B CN 110621558B CN 201880030098 A CN201880030098 A CN 201880030098A CN 110621558 B CN110621558 B CN 110621558B
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electro
pump
brake
ring
hydraulic
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CN110621558A (zh
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弗兰克·加比亚内利
托德·德亚维尔
马修·威廉森
本杰明·萨尔茨曼
沃伦·扬
蒂莫西·雷伯恩
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Magna International Inc
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Magna International Inc
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T8/00—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force
    • B60T8/32—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration
    • B60T8/321—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration deceleration
    • B60T8/3255—Systems in which the braking action is dependent on brake pedal data
    • B60T8/326—Hydraulic systems
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T13/00—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems
    • B60T13/10—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems with fluid assistance, drive, or release
    • B60T13/12—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems with fluid assistance, drive, or release the fluid being liquid
    • B60T13/16—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems with fluid assistance, drive, or release the fluid being liquid using pumps directly, i.e. without interposition of accumulators or reservoirs
    • B60T13/161—Systems with master cylinder
    • B60T13/165—Master cylinder integrated or hydraulically coupled with booster
    • B60T13/166—Part of the system directly actuated by booster pressure
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T13/00—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems
    • B60T13/10—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems with fluid assistance, drive, or release
    • B60T13/58—Combined or convertible systems
    • B60T13/585—Combined or convertible systems comprising friction brakes and retarders
    • B60T13/586—Combined or convertible systems comprising friction brakes and retarders the retarders being of the electric type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T13/00—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems
    • B60T13/10—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems with fluid assistance, drive, or release
    • B60T13/66—Electrical control in fluid-pressure brake systems
    • B60T13/662—Electrical control in fluid-pressure brake systems characterised by specified functions of the control system components
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T13/00—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems
    • B60T13/10—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems with fluid assistance, drive, or release
    • B60T13/66—Electrical control in fluid-pressure brake systems
    • B60T13/68—Electrical control in fluid-pressure brake systems by electrically-controlled valves
    • B60T13/686—Electrical control in fluid-pressure brake systems by electrically-controlled valves in hydraulic systems or parts thereof
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T13/00—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems
    • B60T13/74—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems with electrical assistance or drive
    • B60T13/745—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems with electrical assistance or drive acting on a hydraulic system, e.g. a master cylinder
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T17/00—Component parts, details, or accessories of power brake systems not covered by groups B60T8/00, B60T13/00 or B60T15/00, or presenting other characteristic features
    • B60T17/02—Arrangements of pumps or compressors, or control devices therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T7/00—Brake-action initiating means
    • B60T7/02—Brake-action initiating means for personal initiation
    • B60T7/04—Brake-action initiating means for personal initiation foot actuated
    • B60T7/042—Brake-action initiating means for personal initiation foot actuated by electrical means, e.g. using travel or force sensors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T8/00—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force
    • B60T8/32—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration
    • B60T8/34—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration having a fluid pressure regulator responsive to a speed condition
    • B60T8/40—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration having a fluid pressure regulator responsive to a speed condition comprising an additional fluid circuit including fluid pressurising means for modifying the pressure of the braking fluid, e.g. including wheel driven pumps for detecting a speed condition, or pumps which are controlled by means independent of the braking system
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T8/00—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force
    • B60T8/32—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration
    • B60T8/34—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration having a fluid pressure regulator responsive to a speed condition
    • B60T8/40—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration having a fluid pressure regulator responsive to a speed condition comprising an additional fluid circuit including fluid pressurising means for modifying the pressure of the braking fluid, e.g. including wheel driven pumps for detecting a speed condition, or pumps which are controlled by means independent of the braking system
    • B60T8/4031—Pump units characterised by their construction or mounting
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T8/00—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force
    • B60T8/32—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration
    • B60T8/34—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration having a fluid pressure regulator responsive to a speed condition
    • B60T8/40—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration having a fluid pressure regulator responsive to a speed condition comprising an additional fluid circuit including fluid pressurising means for modifying the pressure of the braking fluid, e.g. including wheel driven pumps for detecting a speed condition, or pumps which are controlled by means independent of the braking system
    • B60T8/404—Control of the pump unit
    • B60T8/4063—Control of the pump unit involving the direction of fluid flow
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T8/00—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force
    • B60T8/32—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration
    • B60T8/34—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration having a fluid pressure regulator responsive to a speed condition
    • B60T8/40—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration having a fluid pressure regulator responsive to a speed condition comprising an additional fluid circuit including fluid pressurising means for modifying the pressure of the braking fluid, e.g. including wheel driven pumps for detecting a speed condition, or pumps which are controlled by means independent of the braking system
    • B60T8/4072—Systems in which a driver input signal is used as a control signal for the additional fluid circuit which is normally used for braking
    • B60T8/4081—Systems with stroke simulating devices for driver input
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T8/00—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force
    • B60T8/32—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration
    • B60T8/34—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration having a fluid pressure regulator responsive to a speed condition
    • B60T8/40—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration having a fluid pressure regulator responsive to a speed condition comprising an additional fluid circuit including fluid pressurising means for modifying the pressure of the braking fluid, e.g. including wheel driven pumps for detecting a speed condition, or pumps which are controlled by means independent of the braking system
    • B60T8/4072—Systems in which a driver input signal is used as a control signal for the additional fluid circuit which is normally used for braking
    • B60T8/4081—Systems with stroke simulating devices for driver input
    • B60T8/4086—Systems with stroke simulating devices for driver input the stroke simulating device being connected to, or integrated in the driver input device
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04C—ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C15/00—Component parts, details or accessories of machines, pumps or pumping installations, not provided for in groups F04C2/00 - F04C14/00
    • F04C15/0057—Driving elements, brakes, couplings, transmission specially adapted for machines or pumps
    • F04C15/0061—Means for transmitting movement from the prime mover to driven parts of the pump, e.g. clutches, couplings, transmissions
    • F04C15/0065—Means for transmitting movement from the prime mover to driven parts of the pump, e.g. clutches, couplings, transmissions for eccentric movement
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04C—ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C2/00—Rotary-piston machines or pumps
    • F04C2/08—Rotary-piston machines or pumps of intermeshing-engagement type, i.e. with engagement of co-operating members similar to that of toothed gearing
    • F04C2/10—Rotary-piston machines or pumps of intermeshing-engagement type, i.e. with engagement of co-operating members similar to that of toothed gearing of internal-axis type with the outer member having more teeth or tooth-equivalents, e.g. rollers, than the inner member
    • F04C2/102—Rotary-piston machines or pumps of intermeshing-engagement type, i.e. with engagement of co-operating members similar to that of toothed gearing of internal-axis type with the outer member having more teeth or tooth-equivalents, e.g. rollers, than the inner member the two members rotating simultaneously around their respective axes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T2270/00—Further aspects of brake control systems not otherwise provided for
    • B60T2270/40—Failsafe aspects of brake control systems
    • B60T2270/404—Brake-by-wire or X-by-wire failsafe
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T2270/00—Further aspects of brake control systems not otherwise provided for
    • B60T2270/40—Failsafe aspects of brake control systems
    • B60T2270/413—Plausibility monitoring, cross check, redundancy
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T2270/00—Further aspects of brake control systems not otherwise provided for
    • B60T2270/82—Brake-by-Wire, EHB
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D48/00—External control of clutches
    • F16D48/06—Control by electric or electronic means, e.g. of fluid pressure
    • F16D48/064—Control of electrically or electromagnetically actuated clutches

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Regulating Braking Force (AREA)

Abstract

一种用于在线控制动的液压制动系统中使用的电动液压致动器组件。该电动液压致动器组件包括一对电动液压致动器EHA单元。一个EHA单元向前制动器提供流体，并且另一个EHA单元向后制动器提供流体。每个EHA单元包括电动马达、减速齿轮单元、一对磁流变离合器和一对流体泵。该系统还包括ECU，该ECU致动电动马达并控制离合器的接合以使流体泵将制动流体泵送至前制动器和后制动器中的至少一者。该系统还包括用于向电动马达提供补充电力的再生系统。

Description

线控制动器
相关申请的交叉引用
该PCT国际专利申请要求于2017年5月12日提交的标题为“Brake By Wire”、序列号为No.62/505,358的美国临时专利申请、于2017年10月16日提交的标题为“Brake ByWire”、序列号为No.62/572,764的美国临时专利申请以及于2018年2月13日提交的标题为“Brake By Wire”、序列号为No.62/629,853d的美国临时专利申请的权益。所述申请的全部公开内容被视为本申请公开内容的一部分并在此通过参引被并入。
技术领域
本公开总体上涉及用于车辆的制动系统。更具体地，本公开涉及用于线控制动系统的电动液压致动器，该电动液压致动器配置成与其他的传统液压制动系统一起操作。
背景技术
本部分提供与机动车辆制动系统相关的背景信息，而该背景信息可能不一定是本公开的发明构思的现有技术。
当前在机动车辆中使用的制动系统总体上可以被分类到包括真空辅助制动系统(VABS)、电动液压制动系统(EHBS)和机电制动系统(EMBS)的三中不同类别中的一个类别中。在前两个类别中，需要由车辆操作员直接施加至制动踏板的踏板力来致动液压制动系统，而采用真空系统经由制动助力器来为操作员提供“辅助”。真空系统通常包括真空泵，该真空泵与发动机操作直接相关地被控制或者替代性地经由电动马达独立地控制。在这样的液压制动系统中，踏板作用在主缸上，从而产生流体压力并经由液压制动管线将流体压力供应至制动卡钳以用于致动制动器。相比之下，EMBS采用位于每个车轮处的电动制动致动器并配置成响应于来自与制动踏板相关联的踏板传感器的制动信号而产生所需的制动力，以提供不需要直接的操作员踏板力或真空辅助的“线控制动”装置。与已知的EMBS相关联的缺点包括由昂贵的电动马达和卡钳系统要求的成本和系统复杂性，这通常将该应用限于高性能和高档的车辆。因此，存在对于开发克服这样的缺点并且可以容易地被并入其他常规液压制动系统中的替代性线控制动系统的公认需求。
发明内容
本部分提供了本公开的总体概述，而不意在被视为本公开的全部范围或本公开的特征中的全部特征的完整且详尽的列举。
本公开的一方面在于，提供了一种电动液压制动系统，该电动液压制动系统具有能够与传统的卡钳式液压制动系统关联使用并且提供“线控制动”功能的至少一个电动液压致动器(EHA)单元。
本公开的另一方面在于，EHA单元构造成一体化到通常设置在电动车辆和混合动力车辆中的类型的车载再生系统中。
根据这些方面和其他方面，本公开的电动液压制动系统包括制动踏板以及至少一个前液压制动器和至少一个后液压制动器。制动传感器配置成检测制动踏板的运动，并且电子控制单元(ECU)可操作成接收来自制动传感器或高级驾驶辅助系统(ADAS)ECU的制动信号。电动液压致动器组件包括至少一个电动液压致动器(EHA)单元，所述至少一个电动液压致动器(EHA)单元包括：电动马达；减速单元，该减速单元由电动马达驱动；至少一个电控的离合器，所述至少一个电控的离合器具有由减速单元驱动的离合器输入部；以及至少一个流体泵，所述至少一个流体泵由离合器的离合器输出部驱动。ECU配置成致动电动马达并控制离合器输入部与离合器输出部之间的接合，以使流体泵将制动流体泵送至前制动器或后制动器中的至少一者，从而执行对每个车轮的独立的制动控制。
根据本文中所提供的描述，其他适用领域将变得明显。本概述中的描述和具体示例仅意在用于说明的目的，而不意在限制本公开的范围。
附图说明
本文中所描述的附图仅用于所选实施方式而非所有可能的实现方式的说明性目的，而不意在限制本公开的范围。
图1是电动液压制动系统的示意图，该电动液压制动系统用于机动车辆并且配备有具有一对电动液压致动器(EHA)单元的电动液压致动器组件，该电动液压致动器组件是根据本公开的教示构造的并且一体化到电动液压制动系统中以提供线控制动功能；
图2是示出了电动液压致动器组件的包装的等距视图，其中，该电动液压致动器组件的一对EHA单元设置在包装空间内部；
图3是电动液压致动器组件的一个EHA单元的放大等距视图，并且该EHA单元构造成包括电动马达、双输出齿轮减速单元和各自驱动一对摆线泵中的对应的一个摆线泵的一对磁流变(MR)离合器；
图4A和图4B示出了图3中所示的摆线泵的非限制性构型；
图5A、图5B、图5C和图5D公开了组装图3和图4中所示的摆线泵的方法；
图6是示出向前制动器供应流体的电动液压致动器(EHA)单元中的一个EHA单元的示意图；以及
图7是示出了电动液压制动系统的示意图，其中，一对电动液压致动器(EHA)单元能够与成对角线的前制动器和后制动器一起操作。
贯穿若干视图，使用相应的附图标记来表示相应的或类似的部件。
具体实施方式
以下详细描述本质上仅是示例性的，而不意在限制所描述的实施方式或者所描述实施方式的应用和使用。如本文中所使用的，用语“示例性”或“说明性”意味着“用作示例、实例或说明”。在本文中被描述为“示例性”或“说明性”的任何实现方式不一定被解释为优选的或比其他实现方式有利。下面所描述的实现方式中的所有实现方式是被提供以使本领域技术人员能够实践本公开的示例性实现方式，而不意在限制权利要求的范围。此外，不意在受到在前述技术领域、背景技术、发明内容或以下详细描述中提出的任何明示或暗示的理论的约束。
提供了电动液压致动器组件的示例实施方式，使得本公开将是详尽的，并且将充分地将范围传达给本领域技术人员。电动液压致动器组件被示出为与机动车辆内的电动液压制动系统以可操作的方式相关联，以提供“线控制动”功能。阐述了许多特定的细节，比如特定的部件、装置和方法的示例，以提供对本公开的实施方式的透彻理解。对于本领域技术人员而言将明显的是，不需要采用特定的细节，示例实施方式可以以许多不同的形式来实施并且不应当被解释为限制本公开的范围。在一些示例实施方式中，并未对公知的过程、公知的装置结构以及公知的技术进行详细描述。
首先参照图1，示出了电动液压“线控式”车辆制动系统10的说明性非限制性实施方式，并且该电动液压“线控式”车辆制动系统10构造成用于在下述机动车辆中使用：该机动车辆具有能够产生旋转动力(即驱动转矩)并将旋转动力输送至至少一对车轮的推进装置(即，内燃发动机、混合动力、蓄电池等)。制动系统10构造成产生液压制动压力并将液压制动压力施加至前轮102和后轮107中的至少一组、并且优选地施加至前轮和后轮中的两组。如图7中最佳所示，制动系统10可以替代性地执行对角线(X模式)控制，例如左前方和右后方。图7中所示的制动系统10还包括制动传感器31，该制动传感器31具有踏板位移传感器51、踏板力传感器53和制动感觉仿真器单元55。为此，本公开针对的是包括一对电动液压致动器(“EHA”)单元11A、11B的电动液压致动器组件11，所述一对电动液压致动器(“EHA”)单元11A、11B构造成产生用于经由其他标准制动管线输送至与前轮102和后轮107中的每一者相关联的其他标准制动卡钳的期望的液压制动压力。
如图1中所示，制动系统10包括用以产生制动踏板感觉(触觉或触感反馈)的一体式踏板“感觉”模拟器单元3。制动踏板12经由推杆14联接至踏板模拟器单元3。踏板传感器32或等同的检测单元联接至制动踏板12的臂段13并起到提供下述信号的作用：该信号被称为制动致动输入信号，指示响应于致动制动踏板12的车辆驾驶员而引起的踏板行程和压力施加。电子控制器单元(ECU)34经由如引导线35示意性地指示的电连接而连接至踏板传感器32。可以在ECU 34与踏板传感器32之间设置制动传感器31，以在自主系统中提供附加功能，在该自主系统中，制动ECU可以绕过制动踏板直接从ADAS ECU 33接收制动信号。一对前液压制动器21适于响应于ECU 34而将液压致动的制动压力施加至前轮102，ECU 34因由踏板传感器32提供给ECU 34的制动致动输入信号而致动电动液压致动器组件11。由引导线23示意性地指示的前液压流体回路将前制动器21连接至电动液压致动器组件11。同样地，一对后液压制动器39适于响应于ECU 34而将液压致动的制动压力施加至后轮107，ECU 34因来自踏板传感器32的制动致动输入信号而致动电动液压致动器组件11。由引导线25示意性地指示的后液压流体回路将后制动器39连接至电动液压致动器组件11。如此，制动系统10在没有其他常规的助力器单元和主缸的布置中采用踏板传感器32来向ECU 34提供踏板致动输入信号。还应当理解的是，ECU 34和液压流体回路23、25可以配置成响应于来自踏板传感器32的制动致动输入信号而将液压制动力施加至前制动器21和后制动器39的任何组合。就此而言，踏板传感器32可以是电连接至ECU 34的机电装置。ECU 34转而控制电动液压致动器单元11A、11B的运行。因此，该非限制性示例示出了一种构造成容易地一体化到其他常规车辆液压制动系统中的线控制动的制动系统10。此外，电动液压致动器组件11和ECU 34可以一体化到高度自主的系统中。具体地，ECU 34能够启用自主制动能力以激活前制动器21或后制动器39或独立的车轮制动器控制，而无需来自驾驶员的基于ADAS ECU 33指令的输入。
ECU 34在图1中被示出为具有由引导线9A和9B示意性地指示的电连接，以用于向电动液压致动器组件11的两个EHA单元11A、11B提供电控制信号。EHA单元11A和EHA单元11B各自流体连接至制动流体的供应部22，如由相应的液压管线8A和液压管线8B示意性地指示的那样。在操作中，基于来自踏板传感器32或ADAS ECU 22指令的输入信号进行的对电动液压致动器组件11的致动致使加压的制动流体经由前液压制动回路23被供应至前制动器21，并且还致使加压的制动流体经由后液压制动回路25被供应至后制动器39。提供了示意性的布置，以展示电动液压致动器组件11能够容易地应用于具有液压致动的制动器的车辆。
仍然参照图1，EHA单元11A和EHA单元11B还可以适于与再生系统15一起使用。在制动期间，再生系统15经由传动系(未示出)来从前制动器21和/或后制动器39传递动能。经传递的动能流动到发电机17中，该发电机17将动能转换成电能，该电能可以被存储在蓄电池19中以用于通过ECU 34进行受控的分配，或者该电能可以在制动期间自动地直接馈送至EHA单元11A和EHA单元11B。
图2示出了电动液压致动器组件11，该电动液压致动器组件11具有被紧凑地包装在由圆40指示的罩壳中的一对EHA单元11A和11B，所述一对EHA单元11A和11B与制动流体储存器22直接相关联。液压管线42指示EHA单元11A、11B流体互连，以提供如在制动系统10内由图1中的框43示意性地示出的制动冗余功能。如此，ECU 34可以致动EHA单元11A、11B中的一个或两个EHA单元以响应于制动致动信号而起作用，以致动车轮制动的任何组合。图3更佳地示出了EHA单元11A、11B中的一个EHA单元，该EHA单元总体上包括：电动马达100；齿轮减速单元102，该齿轮减速单元102由电动马达100驱动并且具有第一输出齿轮104和第二输出齿轮106；第一磁流变(MR)离合器108，其与第一输出齿轮104以可操作的方式相关联；第二MR离合器110，该第二MR离合器110与第二输出齿轮106以可操作的方式相关联；第一泵112，该第一泵112由第一MR离合器108选择性地驱动；以及第二泵114，该第二泵114由第二MR离合器110选择性地驱动。电动马达100优选为但不限于由ECU 34控制的400w连续、600w峰值的DC马达。电动马达100具有驱动齿轮减速单元102的输入齿轮118的马达输出部116。输入齿轮118对应地驱动第一输出齿轮104和第二输出齿轮106并提供减速和转矩倍增关系。第一泵112和第二泵114优选地配置为摆线泵112、114，但是应理解为包括任何其他合适的泵，比如齿轮泵。MR离合器108、110也由ECU 34控制，以调节输出齿轮104、106与比如与对应的摆线泵112、114相关联的泵转子112A、114A之类的可驱动的泵构件之间的驱动连接。
如图4A至图6中所示的实施方式中最佳示出的，摆线泵112、114具有以可旋转的方式被驱动的泵转子112A、114A，所述泵转子112A、114A在泵环112C，114C内相对于对应的偏心环112B、114B旋转。泵转子112A、114A具有从泵转子112A、114A向外延伸的外齿128，以用于与从偏心环112B、114B向内延伸的内齿129接合。在优选的布置中，在偏心环112B、114B与泵环112C、114C之间设置有锁定环112D、114D。锁定环112D、114D被示为具有与泵环112C、114C中的锁定凹口132相对应的两个锁定突出部130。在此程度上，摆线泵112、114可以如下面将进一步详细描述的那样容易地组装。为了补偿内齿129与外齿128之间的间隙，弹簧124在泵环112C、114C与锁定环112D、114D之间施加弹簧力。在图4A中所示的特定布置中，该弹簧布置在由锁定突出部130中的一个锁定突出部限定的通道134内。在偏心环112B、114B与锁定环112D、114D之间定位有密封件126，从而建立用于在齿128、129之间进行辅助间隙补偿的附加力。附加的弹簧(未示出)可以被包括在摆线泵112、114内作为径向补偿机构。在优选实施方式中，摆线泵112、114产生大约150巴的压力。
图5A至图5D示出了用于泵部件的优选的预组装机加工和涂覆工艺，其中，转子112A、114A、偏心环112B、114B、泵环112C、114C以及锁定环112D、114D被预制成各自具有相同的厚度。在制造之后，泵环112C、114C在至少一侧(图5D)或两侧(图5C)上接纳表面涂层120，从而为转子112A、114A、偏心环112B、114B和锁定环112D、114D提供期望的轴向间隙。在涂层已经变得清晰之后，这些元件被组装并轴向地夹置在背板136与前板138之间，如图3和图5中所示。在泵环112C、114C上的表面涂层120优选地为2.5微米厚，从而在任一侧上提供2.5微米的轴向间隙。替代性地，表面涂层120可以在背板136或前板138上安置成邻近于泵环112C、114C。
在操作中，借助于ECU 34进行的电动马达100的致动致使制动流体从储存器22被抽出并经由泵112、114被加压，以用于将加压的制动流体输送至液压回路23、25中的至少一个液压回路，从而致动液压制动器21、39。如先前所提到的，ECU 34根据踏板传感器32的响应可以与制动踏板12上的行程距离和压力施加直接相关。
电动液压致动器组件11提供了一体式解决方案，该一体式解决方案提供易于适合于与其他常规液压致动的制动系统一起使用的线控制动系统。优选使用MR离合器108、110，这是因为借助于ECU 34进行的操作控制允许对转子112A、114A处的旋转速度和转矩进行高动态调整的控制，以精确地控制输送至前制动器21和后制动器39的制动流体的流体压力。这种基于高响应率(高达30Hz)的MR致动器的动态泵控制允许消除对于通过常规主缸和助力器单元来控制制动管线压力的需要。动态泵控制进一步实现了典型的制动致动模式，包括防抱死制动(ABS)和特征在于在100毫秒中压力快速升高至150巴的紧急停止。尽管电动液压致动器组件11在图2中被示出为被包装在现有的空间中，但是该电动液压致动器组件11可以替代性地定位在车辆中的任何位置，这是因为电动液压致动器组件11不需要操作员的踏板压力来起作用。此外，电动液压致动器组件11可以借助于使用用于与各种不同的制动回路一起使用的多个离合器来提供系统冗余度。
本公开的EHA单元11A、11B基于下述至少三个主要原理来解决现有技术的缺点：(1)EHA单元11A、11B具有通过与现有车辆体系结构上的包括液压管线、卡钳和/或转子系统的现有制动子系统和部件结合使用而保持成本效益的能力；(2)EHA单元11A、11B构造成采用电动马达100和一对磁流变离合器108来控制由一对流体泵112、114产生的液压系统压力，而不需要位于四个车轮中的每个车轮处的独立的电动马达和复杂的卡钳机构；以及(3)EHA单元11A、11B具有车辆制动功能所必需的内置冗余度。
如图6中最佳所示，MR离合器108、110由于其被可操作地控制以调整从齿轮减速单元102的减速输出部供应至流体泵122、114的旋转速度和转矩的高动态能力而提供了在操作方面的额外改进。因此，制动系统10可以是利用位于制动卡钳处以及/或者泵出口处的压力传感器57的闭环构型。制动系统10还可以利用位于储存器22与泵112、114之间的一个或更多个液压流体过滤器59。流体泵(或摆线泵)112、114提供了在经由泄漏引起的压降最小的情况下实现高压能力以及高压力上升能力的低惯性设计。
出于说明和描述的目的，已经提供了实施方式的前述描述。该描述并不意在穷举或限制本公开。特定实施方式的各个元件或特征通常并不限于该特定实施方式，而是即使没有具体示出或描述，特定实施方式的各个元件或特征在适用的情况下也是可互换的，并且可以在选定实施方式中使用。特定实施方式的各个元件或特征也可以以许多方式变化。这些变型不被视为偏离本公开，并且所有这些改型均意在被包括在本公开的范围内。

Claims (5)

1.一种电动液压制动系统，包括：
至少一个液压制动器；
制动传感器；以及
电动液压致动器组件，所述电动液压致动器组件具有能够操作成接收来自所述制动传感器或高级驾驶辅助系统电子控制单元的信号的至少一个电动液压致动器(EHA)单元，所述电动液压致动器单元包括电动马达、由所述电动马达驱动的减速单元和至少一个流体泵，
其中，所述流体泵是摆线泵，所述摆线泵包括在泵环内相对于对应的偏心环旋转的泵转子，并且其中，在所述偏心环与所述泵环之间布置有锁定环，
其中，所述泵转子、所述偏心环、所述泵环和所述锁定环夹置在背板与前板之间，并且其中，所述泵环、所述背板和所述前板中的一者包括表面涂层以用于向所述泵转子提供轴向间隙。
2.根据权利要求1所述的电动液压制动系统，其中，在所述锁定环与所述泵环之间布置有弹簧，所述弹簧补偿所述泵转子与所述偏心环之间的间隙。
3.根据权利要求1所述的电动液压制动系统，其中，所述锁定环包括与由所述泵环限定的锁定凹口相对应的锁定突出部，以实现旋转固定接合。
4.根据权利要求1所述的电动液压制动系统，其中，所述制动传感器包括高级驾驶辅助系统电子控制单元。
5.根据权利要求1所述的电动液压制动系统，其中，所述电动液压致动器单元的所述电动马达直接电连通有再生系统，所述再生系统用于在制动期间自动地向所述电动马达供电。
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