CN110615699A

CN110615699A - Fermentation method of organic solid waste

Info

Publication number: CN110615699A
Application number: CN201910843424.7A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 李群良; 李�根; 杨潇雅
Original assignee: Guangxi University
Current assignee: Guangxi University
Priority date: 2019-09-06
Filing date: 2019-09-06
Publication date: 2019-12-27

Abstract

The invention discloses a fermentation method of organic solid waste, which adds sucrose fatty acid ester to promote compost fermentation in the fermentation process of the organic solid waste. The problems encountered in the composting process are solved by adding the nonionic surfactant sucrose fatty acid ester, and compared with the biological surfactant, the sucrose fatty acid ester has low cost and can be chemically synthesized; compared with chemical surfactants, the surfactant is nontoxic, has no pollution to the environment, and can be biodegraded; after the compost is added for fermentation, the abundance of beneficial bacteria in the compost is relatively increased, and the abundance of harmful bacteria is relatively reduced.

Description

Fermentation method of organic solid waste

Technical Field

The invention relates to an organic fertilizer fermentation method, in particular to an organic solid waste fermentation method.

Background

With the rapid development of Chinese economy, the agricultural modernization and the large-scale animal husbandry are mature day by day, so that a large amount of crop waste residues and livestock and poultry manure are brought, the loss of nutrient substances is caused, and the serious environmental problem is brought. The solid wastes are good compost raw materials, are used for preparing compost and can provide a large amount of high-quality organic fertilizers for agricultural production. However, the fermentation is slow and the quality is not high under natural conditions, so that how to improve the efficiency and the quality of the compost becomes one of the main problems to be solved at present.

In order to improve the composting efficiency, the method comprises the steps of regulating physical and chemical parameters, adding exogenous additives, improving a fermentation method and the like, wherein the exogenous additives comprise microbial additives, mineral additives and chemical additives, but the biosurfactant is excessively high in cost and small in quantity, and the chemical method is high in pollution and toxicity, so that the organic fertilizer fermentation is promoted by the aid of the additive which is good in fermentation fertilizer effect, low in cost and free of pollution.

The information disclosed in this background section is only for enhancement of understanding of the general background of the invention and should not be taken as an acknowledgement or any form of suggestion that this information forms the prior art already known to a person skilled in the art.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to solve the problems of high cost, few varieties, large pollution and high toxicity of a chemical method when a biosurfactant is used for organic matter fermentation in the prior art, and provides a fermentation method of organic solid wastes, which aims to obtain the fermentation method of the organic solid wastes, wherein the fermentation method is low in cost, non-toxic, free of pollution to the environment and capable of being biodegraded, and after the fermentation method is added, the abundance of beneficial bacteria in compost is relatively increased, and the abundance of harmful bacteria is relatively reduced.

In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:

a fermentation method of organic solid waste is characterized in that sucrose fatty acid ester is added in the fermentation process of the organic solid waste to promote compost fermentation.

A fermentation method of organic solid waste comprises the following operation steps:

(1) uniformly mixing fresh organic solid waste and cassava residues, uniformly spraying a sucrose fatty acid ester solution on the surface of the uniformly mixed compost, and uniformly stirring to fully mix the compost;

(2) and (2) putting the fully mixed compost in the step (1) into a compost fermentation tank, and fermenting for 40-50 days at normal temperature.

Preferably, the organic solid waste in the step (1) is cow dung.

Preferably, the organic solid waste and the cassava residues in the step (1) are mixed according to a mass ratio of 4: 1 and mixing.

Preferably, the sucrose fatty acid ester solution in step (1) is obtained by dissolving 0.5% of sucrose fatty acid ester in the total mass of the organic solid waste and the cassava residue in warm water until the foam is reduced.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:

the problems encountered in the composting process are solved by adding the nonionic surfactant sucrose fatty acid ester, and compared with the biological surfactant, the sucrose fatty acid ester has low cost and can be chemically synthesized; compared with chemical surfactants, the surfactant is nontoxic, has no pollution to the environment, and can be biodegraded; after the compost is added for fermentation, the abundance of beneficial bacteria in the compost is relatively increased, and the abundance of harmful bacteria is relatively reduced.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a graph showing the physical-chemical properties of the temperature change during composting according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a graph comparing the relative abundance distribution of microorganisms at genus level during composting according to the invention.

FIG. 3 is a graph comparing the relative abundance distribution of microorganisms at the phylum level during composting according to the invention.

FIG. 4 is a graph comparing the rate of lignin degradation during composting in accordance with the invention.

FIG. 5 is a graph comparing the rate of hemicellulose degradation during composting in accordance with the invention.

Detailed Description

The following detailed description is to be read in connection with the accompanying drawings, but it is to be understood that the scope of the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments. Sucrose fatty acid ester is obtained in the market, fresh cow dung is from animal husbandry and breeding bases of animal science academy of Guangxi university, and cassava residue is from Nanningmingyang starch factory.

Example 1

(1) dissolving sucrose fatty acid ester which is 0.5 percent of the total mass of the fresh cow dung and the cassava residues in warm water, and obtaining a sucrose fatty acid ester solution for later use after the foam is reduced; fresh cow dung and cassava residues are mixed according to a mass ratio of 4: 1, uniformly mixing, uniformly spraying the whole amount of the standby sucrose fatty acid ester solution on the surface of the uniformly mixed compost, and uniformly stirring to fully mix the uniformly mixed compost;

(2) putting the fully mixed compost in the step (1) into a compost fermentation tank, and fermenting for 45 days at normal temperature to serve as an experimental group (SE group); the temperature was measured every day, the results of which are shown in FIG. 1; sampling and sample testing are carried out periodically, changes of microorganisms and degradation of lignin in cow dung in the fermentation process are detected, and the results are shown in figures 4-5.

Example 2

(2) and (2) putting the fully mixed compost in the step (1) into a compost fermentation tank, and fermenting for 40 days at normal temperature.

Example 3

(2) and (2) putting the fully mixed compost in the step (1) into a compost fermentation tank, and fermenting for 50 days at normal temperature. Comparative example 1

The sucrose fatty acid ester solution was replaced with clear water, and the same operation as in example 1 was carried out to prepare a control group (CK group). The temperature was measured every day, the results of which are shown in FIG. 1; sampling and sample testing are carried out periodically, changes of microorganisms and degradation of lignin in cow dung in the fermentation process are detected, and the results are shown in figures 4-5.

The temperature is a direct reflection of microbial activity in the compost, so the temperature is often used as a macroscopic index for whether the compost is successful or not, and is also an important factor for restricting the microbial activity and the composting process. The microorganisms in the compost decompose the organic matter and release heat, which raises the temperature of the heap.

As can be seen from figure 1 (Room is the change of Room temperature), the temperature change in the composting process is shown in the figure, and the temperature change trends in the composting process of the two groups conform to the change rule of the composting temperature. Both compost groups reached a high temperature stage at day 2, where the compost temperature of example 1 with sucrose fatty acid ester (SE) added reached 54.4 c and the temperature of comparative example 1 reached 51.2 c, probably because SE was added to take advantage of the earlier compost and the organic matter was rapidly decomposed. The maximum temperatures of example 1(SE group) and comparative example 1(CK group) both occurred on day 2, with SE group temperatures of 55.4 ℃ maximum, 51.8 ℃ higher than CK group, a temperature difference of 3.64 ℃ and a temperature difference of 4 ℃ higher than 4 ℃ occurring on day 3, 4.1 ℃ on day 8, 5.2 ℃ on day 27 and 4.5 ℃ on day 27 during the entire composting period. The composting elevated temperature period of the SE group added with sucrose fatty acid ester was longer than that of the control group. Along with the continuous consumption of the easily degradable organic matters in the composting process, the metabolism rate of the microorganisms is gradually reduced, and the heat generation is reduced. Due to the influence of the weather of nanning, the temperature of the experimental group and the control group is sharply reduced in 14 days, and then is increased due to the temperature, the temperature of the experimental group is higher than 40.0 ℃, while the temperature of the control group rarely exceeds 40.0 ℃, and then is continuously reduced to 40 days, and the temperature of the stack is basically similar to the room temperature. The temperature of the pile is closely related to the metabolic activity of microorganisms, and the higher the temperature is, the stronger the activity of the microorganisms is, and the stronger the activity of the microorganisms is, the more organic matters are decomposed.

FIG. 2 is the relative abundance of microorganisms in compost at the genus level: in the early stage of composting, the relative abundance of each microorganism is similar, the microorganism species are obviously changed in the thermophilic stage, and in the cooling stage and the mature stage, beneficial bacteria in the SE group are obviously higher than those in the CK group, such as Bacillus (Bacillus) (which plays an important role in improving stress resistance of crops, promoting growth of crops, improving soil, improving quality of crops and the like), and Azomonas (Azomonas) (has the effect of fixing nitrogen).

FIG. 3 relative abundance of microorganisms in compost at the phylum level: the pre-composting period is basically similar, and in the thermophilic period, the relative abundance of firmicutes in the experimental group is obviously higher than that of the control group, and the relative abundance continues to the mature period (firmicutes have better degradation effect on carbohydrate and cellulose). Meanwhile, the relative abundance of the actinomycete phylum in the experimental group is higher than that of the control group (the actinomycete phylum can inhibit and kill pathogenic microorganisms in the pile body by secreting various antibiotics); the relative abundance of Curvularia closterium is also higher than that of the control group (Curvularia closterium can fix carbon dioxide through a 3-hydroxypropionic acid pathway). The purpose of composting is to accelerate the degradation of organic matters, the degraded bacteria can be increased by adding the sucrose fatty acid ester, the more abundant the degraded organic matters are, and meanwhile, the fewer the harmful bacteria are, thereby being beneficial to improving the quality of the compost.

It can be seen from fig. 4 that the addition of sucrose fatty acid ester can promote the degradation of lignin; it can be seen from fig. 5 that the addition of sucrose fatty acid ester can promote the degradation of hemicellulose.

The foregoing descriptions of specific exemplary embodiments of the present invention have been presented for purposes of illustration and description. It is not intended to limit the invention to the precise form disclosed, and obviously many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teaching. The exemplary embodiments were chosen and described in order to explain certain principles of the invention and its practical application to enable one skilled in the art to make and use various exemplary embodiments of the invention and various alternatives and modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated. It is intended that the scope of the invention be defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A fermentation method of organic solid waste is characterized in that sucrose fatty acid ester is added in the fermentation process of the organic solid waste to promote compost fermentation.

2. A fermentation method of organic solid waste is characterized by comprising the following operation steps:

(1) uniformly mixing the organic solid waste and the cassava residue, spraying the sucrose fatty acid ester solution on the surface of the mixed compost, stirring and mixing;

(2) and (2) fermenting the compost mixed in the step (1) at normal temperature for 40-50 days.

3. The fermentation process of claim 2, wherein: the organic solid waste in the step (1) is cow dung.

4. The fermentation process of claim 2, wherein: the organic solid waste and the cassava residues in the step (1) are mixed according to a mass ratio of 4: 1 and mixing.

5. The fermentation process of claim 2, wherein: the sucrose fatty acid ester solution in the step (1) is obtained by dissolving sucrose fatty acid ester which accounts for 0.5% of the total mass of the organic solid waste and the cassava residue in warm water until the foam is reduced.