CN110607239B - 一种梨囊鞭菌发酵秸秆生产d-乳酸的新方法和应用 - Google Patents
一种梨囊鞭菌发酵秸秆生产d-乳酸的新方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及生物技术可再生能源领域,具体涉及一种梨囊鞭菌发酵秸秆生产D‑乳酸的方法和应用。本发明公开了梨囊鞭菌Piromyces CY1厌氧发酵秸秆生产D‑乳酸的方法及其在制备D‑乳酸中的应用。所述的梨囊鞭菌Piromyces CY1,保藏于中国普通微生物菌种保藏管理中心,保藏编号为:CGMCC NO.18141,还公开了本发明所公开的梨囊鞭菌可以通过保藏在体外传代存活。发酵玉米秸秆可产生大量高浓度D‑乳酸,且发酵工艺简单,对设备要求低,便于推广,在工业领域具有重要工业应用价值和开发前景。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及生物技术可再生能源领域,具体为一种梨囊鞭菌发酵秸秆生产D-乳酸的方法和应用。
背景技术
木质纤维素是秸秆的主要成分,木质纤维素的水解是整个厌氧消化中的限速步骤,也是整个技术的难点。木质纤维素主要由纤维素、半纤维和木质素组成,木质素和半纤维素结合的共价键将纤维素分子包埋其中,木质素中醚键和碳-碳键形成的具有三维结构高分子芳香类化合物,这些强的键抑制水解酶的作用。因此,需要对木质纤维素进行预处理。常见的预处理木质纤维素方法有机械法、热处理法、化学处理,这些都能有效促进厌氧消化,但这些预处理方法成本高,不环保。普通微生物处理也存在较多缺陷,单一微生物处理效果不好,人工构件的复合菌群效果也不理想,各菌种间存在相互拮抗的表现,导致预处理时间长,转化效率低,目前尚未有完备方案进行秸秆的厌氧发酵来生产乳酸。
玉米是我国的主要粮食作物,播种面积广泛,每年伴随产生的秸秆数量也是非常巨大的。目前我国农村的大量玉米秸秆资源完全处于高消耗、高污染、低利用率、低产出状况,玉米秸秆作为能源物质没有得到合理开发利用。通过厌氧消化处理可将玉米秸秆进行资源再生,但现有的厌氧消化技术存在效率低,推广难度大的问题。
犏牛是牦牛与黄牛杂交的一代种。分为犏牛(公)和犏乳牛(母)具有明显杂交优势,肉、乳生产能力、役用能力接近于牦牛。用野血牦牛冻精对农区西门塔尔牛进行杂交,其杂交后代就是犏牛,由于犏牛中含有50%野牦牛血液,具有较高的青藏高原环境适应能力。犏牛瘤胃内栖息着独特的,复杂多样,大量的微生物群落协同代谢高效降解野牧草为牦牛提供生存能量和营养物质,长期的自然选择和进化使犏牛瘤胃成为一个高效木质纤维素降解酶系统,具有独特优势和高效的木质纤维素降解能力。
采用厌氧真菌处理秸秆,是一个较新也较为有效的手段,发明人博士期间研究了牦牛瘤胃厌氧真菌和甲烷菌的共培养物以及厌氧真菌纯培养物以玉米秸秆、水稻秸秆和小麦秸秆为底物进行厌氧发酵(魏亚琴.牦牛瘤胃厌氧真菌与甲烷菌共培养物的多样性及其纤维降解特性研究[D].2016.),通过检测产气量、多糖水解酶活性、酯酶活性、干物质降解率、酚酸释放量、甲烷和乙酸产量来评估厌氧真菌和甲烷菌共培养物以及厌氧真菌纯培养物的降解秸秆的功效,研究结果显示:高效降解三大秸秆的P属厌氧真菌纯培养物Piromyces Yak18在7天培养期内,分别以三大秸秆为底物进行厌氧发酵,以小麦秸秆为底物产生最高浓度的D-乳酸产量为3.6mM;而高效降解三大秸秆的典型优势菌—N属厌氧真菌纯培养物(N.frontalis)Yak16在7天培养期内,分别以三大秸秆为底物进行厌氧发酵,以小麦秸秆为底物产生最高浓度的D-乳酸产量为10.8mM。本发明从犏牛瘤胃中分离出来的厌氧真菌Piromyces CY1,分别以三大秸秆为底物进行厌氧发酵,以玉米秸秆为底物产生了最高浓度的D-乳酸,产量达到了22.1mM,取得了意想不到的效果。
发明内容
本发明中厌氧发酵使用的菌种,是从青藏高原的甘肃天祝乌鞘岭牧场全放牧犏牛瘤胃内容物中分离的梨囊鞭菌纯培养物Piromyces CY1,所述的梨囊鞭菌保藏于中国普通微生物菌种保藏管理中心,保藏编号为CGMCC NO.18141,保藏日期为2019.7.9,保藏单位地址:北京市朝阳区北辰西路1号院3号,分类名为:梨囊鞭菌Piromyces CY1。
本发明提供了利用梨囊鞭菌发酵秸秆生产D-乳酸的方法,具体包括如下步骤:
(1)梨囊鞭菌Piromyces CY1纯培养物菌剂的制备
将Piromyces CY1纯培养物菌液以10%v/v接种量接种到液体基本培养基中,加入1%w/v干燥粉碎的秸秆作为底物,同时加入复合抗生素传代培养,厌氧培养即得到高活力菌剂。
(2)厌氧发酵秸秆生产D-乳酸
吸取步骤(1)制备的菌剂,按10%v/v接种量接入以1%w/v秸秆为底物的液体基本培养基中,加入复合抗生素厌氧培养。
优选的,所述的厌氧培养基配方为:酵母膏1.0g,蛋白胨1.0g,NaHCO3 7.0g,1.0g/L刃天青1mL,L-半胱氨酸盐酸盐1.7g,晨饲前采集瘤胃液8000×g,4℃离心20min后的上清170mL,盐溶液I165mL,盐溶液II 165mL,蒸馏水定容至1000mL。
优选的,所述的盐溶液I包括NaCl 6g,(NH4)2SO4 3g,KH2PO4 3g,CaCl2·2H2O0.4g,MgSO4·2H2O 0.6g,蒸馏水定容至1000mL;所述的盐溶液II包括4g K2HPO4,蒸馏水定容至1000mL。
优选的,所述的复合抗生素为青霉素、硫酸链霉素和氯霉素,在发酵过程中添加复合抗生素,可防止共培养物体系不受细菌和甲烷菌污染,提高厌氧发酵效率。
优选的,所述的青霉素和硫酸链霉素在厌氧培养基的终浓度分别为1600IU/mL和2000IU/mL,所述的氯霉素在培养基终浓度为50μg/mL。
优选的,所述步骤(1)中加入的秸秆为小麦秸秆。
优选的,所述步骤(2)中加入的秸秆为小麦秸秆、玉米秸秆或水稻秸秆。
优选的,所述步骤(2)中加入的秸秆为玉米秸秆。
优选的,所述的步骤(2)中加入秸秆底物后除氧,高温高压灭菌。
所述的梨囊鞭菌Piromyces CY1发酵秸秆在制备D-乳酸中的应用。
本发明的有益效果是:①.梨囊鞭菌Piromyces CY1发酵秸秆产D-乳酸的量极高,最高为22.1mM,相较于现有技术获得了显著提高;②.本发明中采用的梨囊鞭菌可以通过保藏在体外存活传代,发酵玉米秸秆可产生大量高浓度D-乳酸,且发酵工艺简单,对设备要求低,便于推广,在工业领域具有重要工业应用价值和开发前景;③.通过天祝放牧犏牛瘤胃梨囊鞭菌厌氧发酵玉米秸秆可产生大量D-乳酸,可进一步提高玉米秸秆的使用率,显著提高经济效益。
具体实施方式
下面将结合具体实施例对本发明所请求保护的技术方案进行说明,但本发明所请求保护的范围并不限于以下实施例。
下述实施例中所使用的实验方法如无特殊说明,均为常规方法。
下述实施例中所使用的材料、试剂等,如无特殊说明,均可从商业途径得到。
下述实施例中所使用的厌氧培养基如下:
液体基本培养基的配方:酵母膏1.0g,蛋白胨1.0g,NaHCO3 7.0g,刃天青(1.0g/L)1mL,L-半胱氨酸盐酸盐1.7g,晨饲前采集瘤胃液8000×g,4℃离心20min后的上清170mL,盐溶液I165mL,盐溶液II 165mL,蒸馏水定容至1000mL。
盐溶液I包括NaCl 6g,(NH4)2SO4 3g,KH2PO4 3g,CaCl2·2H2O 0.4g,MgSO4·2H2O0.6g,蒸馏水定容至1000mL。
盐溶液II包括4g K2HPO4,蒸馏水定容至1000mL。
分离纯化培养基:在液体基本厌氧培养基中添加1.0g/L葡萄糖,不加秸秆。然后除氧后灭菌。
琼脂滚管培养基:在液体基本培养基中添加1.0g/L葡萄糖和20g/L琼脂粉。然后除氧后灭菌。
秸秆培养基:在液体基本培养基中分别添加1%w/v的粉碎风干的小麦秸秆、玉米秸秆和水稻秸秆,不加葡萄糖。然后除氧后灭菌。
传代培养基:在液体基本培养基中添加1%w/v的粉碎风干的小麦秸秆。然后除氧后灭菌。
除氧方法:厌氧管或厌氧瓶通过针头接入带有真空泵和高纯CO2的抽气装置进行培养基除氧。首先真空泵抽出管中气体达到负压时培养基颜色改变,然后充入高纯CO2。每管抽气充气3次,其中第1次约15min,其余二次每次5min,最后1次充气后用无菌株针再放气使得厌氧管内外压平衡,并于121℃高温高压湿热灭菌20min备用。
实施例一、梨囊鞭菌Piromyces CY1菌剂的制备
吸取1mL Piromyces CY1培养物接种到20mL体积的亨氏厌氧管中以风干粉碎的小麦秸秆为底物的9mL厌氧培养基中,同时加入复合抗生素,使青霉素和硫酸链霉素在厌氧培养基的终浓度分别为1600IU/mL和2000IU/mL,氯霉素在培养基中的终浓度为50μg/mL。39℃厌氧培养72h,即达到生长高峰,此时发酵液为高活力菌剂。
实施例二、梨囊鞭菌Piromyces CY1发酵秸秆生产D-乳酸的方法
1.厌氧发酵秸秆生产D-乳酸的方法
在100mL体积厌氧发酵瓶中盛90mL液体基本培养基,分别以1.0g粉碎风干后的小麦秸秆、玉米秸秆和水稻秸秆为底物。除氧。灭菌。把传代培养72h的梨囊鞭菌PiromycesCY1用无菌注射器吸取10mL分别接种到上述加有小麦秸秆、玉米秸秆和水稻秸秆为底物的厌氧培养基中,同时加入复合抗生素,使其在厌氧培养基溶液的终浓度为青霉素1600IU/mL和硫酸链霉素2000IU/mL,氯霉素在培养基中的终浓度为50μg/mL,39℃厌氧培养7天。共设置3个平行实验,隔24h测定发酵液中的D-乳酸产量。
2.D-乳酸的测定方法
培养液10000r/min离心10min,0.22μm滤膜过滤。液相色谱仪(AgilentTechnologies1200,USA),检测器SPD-M10AVP,色谱条件为:手性分离色谱柱(MCI GEL-CRS10W,日本三菱化学公司),流动相CuSO4·5H2O 0.5g/L,流速0.7mL/min,检测波长254nm,进样量5μL,柱温25℃。
实验结果显示:梨囊鞭菌纯培养物Piromyces CY1高效降解玉米秸秆的同时产生大量D-乳酸,显著高于以前文献报道的梨囊鞭菌降解各种秸秆所产D-乳酸的产量,也高于梨囊鞭菌纯培养物Piromyces CY1降解小麦秸秆和水稻秸秆所产的D-乳酸浓度。具体结果如下表:
表7天培养期内梨囊鞭菌Piromyces CY1发酵秸秆所产D-乳酸的产量
梨囊鞭菌Piromyces CY1培养物在7天内降解玉米秸秆所产生的D-乳酸产量达到最高值为:22.1mM。通过以上实施例我们可以看到,犏牛瘤胃梨囊鞭菌Piromyces CY1降解玉米秸秆的同时产生大量D-乳酸,在工业领域具有重要工业应用价值和开发前景。
Claims (8)
1.一种梨囊鞭菌(Piromyces sp.)CY1厌氧发酵秸秆生产D-乳酸的方法,其特征在于,所述的方法具体包括如下步骤:
(1)梨囊鞭菌(Piromyces sp.)CY1纯培养物菌剂的制备
将梨囊鞭菌(Piromyces sp.)CY1纯培养物菌液以10%v/v接种量接种到液体基本培养基中,加入1%w/v干燥粉碎的小麦秸秆作为底物,同时加入复合抗生素传代培养,厌氧培养即得到高活力菌剂;
(2)厌氧发酵秸秆生产D-乳酸
吸取步骤(1)制备的菌剂,按10%v/v接种量接入以1%w/v秸秆为底物的液体基本培养基中,加入复合抗生素厌氧培养;
所述的梨囊鞭菌(Piromyces sp.)CY1保藏于中国普通微生物菌种保藏管理中心,保藏编号为:CGMCC NO.18141。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述的液体基本培养基配方为:酵母膏1.0g,蛋白胨1.0g,NaHCO3 7.0g,1.0g/L刃天青1mL,L-半胱氨酸盐酸盐1.7g,晨饲前采集瘤胃液8000×g,4℃离心20min后的上清170mL,盐溶液I 165mL,盐溶液II 165mL,蒸馏水定容至1000mL;所述的盐溶液I包括NaCl 6g,(NH4)2SO4 3g,KH2PO4 3g,CaCl2·2H2O 0.4g,MgSO4·2H2O 0.6g,蒸馏水定容至1000mL;所述的盐溶液II包括4g K2HPO4,蒸馏水定容至1000mL。
3.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述的复合抗生素为青霉素钠、硫酸链霉素和氯霉素;所述的青霉素钠和硫酸链霉素在厌氧培养基的终浓度分别为1600IU/mL和2000IU/mL,所述的氯霉素在培养基终浓度为50μg/mL。
4.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,其特征在于,所述步骤(1)中加入的秸秆为小麦秸秆。
5.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(2)中加入的秸秆为小麦秸秆、玉米秸秆和水稻秸秆的任一种。
6.如权利要求5所述的方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(2)中加入的秸秆为玉米秸秆。
7.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述的步骤(2)中加入秸秆底物后除氧,高温高压灭菌。
8.如权利要求1所述的梨囊鞭菌(Piromyces sp.)CY1发酵秸秆在制备D-乳酸中的应用。
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