CN110603914A - Precise compound seeder for pakchoi - Google Patents
Precise compound seeder for pakchoi Download PDFInfo
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- CN110603914A CN110603914A CN201910886116.2A CN201910886116A CN110603914A CN 110603914 A CN110603914 A CN 110603914A CN 201910886116 A CN201910886116 A CN 201910886116A CN 110603914 A CN110603914 A CN 110603914A
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- seed
- furrow opener
- sliding
- chuck
- soil
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B49/00—Combined machines
- A01B49/02—Combined machines with two or more soil-working tools of different kind
- A01B49/022—Combined machines with two or more soil-working tools of different kind at least one tool being actively driven
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B49/00—Combined machines
- A01B49/04—Combinations of soil-working tools with non-soil-working tools, e.g. planting tools
- A01B49/06—Combinations of soil-working tools with non-soil-working tools, e.g. planting tools for sowing or fertilising
- A01B49/065—Combinations of soil-working tools with non-soil-working tools, e.g. planting tools for sowing or fertilising the soil-working tools being actively driven
Abstract
The invention discloses a precise compound Chinese cabbage seeder, which comprises a rotary tillage ridging system, a pneumatic system arranged in the middle of the upper part of the rotary tillage ridging system, a seeding system hung at the rear part of the rotary tillage ridging system and two groups of fertilizer discharging systems symmetrically arranged on the rotary tillage ridging system. The tension degree of the synchronous belt is controlled by adjusting the parallel position of the small synchronous pulley; by utilizing a double-bearing symmetrical configuration mode, the installation angle of the axle center of the belt wheel can be quickly adjusted, and the transmission installation precision of the synchronous belt is improved; the telescopic cross universal coupling is used for connecting and transmitting power to the fan, so that the limitation of the installation position of each transmission device is removed; the sliding knife curve of the furrow opener is beneficial to sliding cutting and breaking soil, the power consumption of the seeder is reduced, and the seeding depth control mode is simplified; the curved seed guide pipe overcomes the phenomena of random rolling, bouncing, blockage and adhesion of seeds in the seed feeding process, and improves the uniformity of plant spacing; can simultaneously realize the combined operations of rotary tillage, fertilization, ridging, ditching, seeding, soil covering, pressing and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of crop sowing equipment, and particularly relates to a precision compound type Chinese cabbage sowing machine.
Background
The Yangtze river basin in China is suitable for planting the pakchoi, both seeds belong to the category of small-particle-size seeds, the demand of people for the pakchoi is gradually increased along with the high-speed development of economy, and the mechanical production of the pakchoi can finish high-efficiency planting operation, so that the demand problem is solved. In the mechanized production, the seeding link is a key, and particularly, the combined precision seeding technology is the key research content of the current research unit.
At present, the seeder matched with the four-wheel tractor in China has the characteristics of compact structure, reliable use, large social preservation quantity and the like, but most of the seeders have single function and can only be used for seeding operation. If the rotary tillage furrow-making or seeding and fertilizing operation is required, the corresponding machine tools are required to be hung in a return stroke, and as a result, the labor intensity, the land-entering times of the tractor and the energy consumption are increased, the equipment investment is large, and the full utilization of social resources is not facilitated. The other seeders are improved from other types, have the problems of large seeding quantity, high seed damage rate, poor uniformity and the like, are not suitable for seeding of the pakchoi, particularly for efficient and precise seeding operation, and are difficult to realize high-yield and high-efficiency production.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide the precise compound Chinese cabbage seeder which can simultaneously realize the combined operations of rotary tillage, fertilization, ridging, ditching, seeding, soil covering, pressing and the like aiming at the defects of the technology.
In order to achieve the purpose, the cabbage precision compound seeder comprises a rotary tillage ridging system, a pneumatic system arranged in the middle of the upper part of the rotary tillage ridging system, a seeding system hung at the rear part of the rotary tillage ridging system, and two groups of fertilizer discharging systems symmetrically arranged on the rotary tillage ridging system; the method is characterized in that:
the pneumatic system comprises a blowing and sucking dual-purpose axial flow fan arranged on a seeder frame, a positive pressure main pipe connected with a positive pressure port of the blowing and sucking dual-purpose axial flow fan, a negative pressure main pipe connected with a negative pressure port of the blowing and sucking dual-purpose axial flow fan, a driving device connected with an input shaft of the blowing and sucking dual-purpose axial flow fan and a seed sowing device;
the driving device comprises a telescopic cross universal coupling connected with an input shaft of the blowing and sucking dual-purpose axial flow fan, a front pulley shaft connected with the telescopic cross universal coupling, a small synchronous pulley connected with the front pulley shaft through an adjusting mounting seat and a large synchronous pulley connected with the small synchronous pulley through the synchronous belt;
the adjusting and mounting seat comprises a base and two bearing seats with external spherical bearings, and the two bearing seats with the external spherical bearings are symmetrically arranged by a vertical plate of the base and are fixed at a guide hole of the vertical plate of the base through bolts; meanwhile, the front end of the front pulley shaft sequentially penetrates through an outer spherical bearing of a bearing seat with an outer spherical bearing, a base center hole of the base vertical plate and an outer spherical bearing of the other bearing seat with the outer spherical bearing until the front end of the front pulley shaft is inserted into a center hole of the small synchronous pulley, and the two outer spherical bearings position the front pulley shaft through jackscrews.
Further, the seeding system comprises a plurality of groups of furrow opener bodies which are hung on the back beam through U-shaped clamps, a seed sowing device support which is arranged on the upper portion of the back beam through bolts, a seed sowing device motor which is arranged on one side of the seed sowing device support through bolts, a seed sowing device which is arranged on the seed sowing device support through bolts, a seed box which is sleeved on the upper portion of the seed sowing device, and transparent hoses which are used for connecting the seed sowing device and a plurality of seed guiding pipes, wherein the distance between the furrow opener bodies of each group is adjustable, and each transparent hose is arranged between a seed sowing.
Furthermore, the furrow opener body comprises a furrow opener chuck hung on the back beam through a U-shaped clamp, a furrow opener support arranged on the furrow opener chuck in a limiting way through a pin shaft, a square compression spring sleeved on the furrow opener support and a furrow opener sliding knife welded on the furrow opener support, wherein the soil penetration depth of the furrow opener sliding knife is adjustable, and the functions of ditching and earthing can be realized;
each group of furrow opener sliding knives comprises at least two sliding knives, two transition plates, two wing plates, a seed guide pipe, a hinge seat and a soil covering rod; the two transition plates are symmetrically welded on the rear end face of the sliding knife, the two wing plates are symmetrically welded on the rear end faces of the two transition plates respectively, and the bottom of the seed guide pipe is welded in a cavity formed by the two transition plates and the two wing plates in a surrounding mode; the bottom plate of the hinge seat is welded on the upper surfaces of the rear parts of the two wing plates, and the soil covering rod is welded in the middle of the rear end part of the bottom plate of the hinge seat.
Furthermore, each group of the press devices comprises a press wheel adjusting nut, a pin shaft sleeve, two press wheel connecting rods, a compression spring, a T-shaped pin shaft and a press wheel; one ends of the two press wheel connecting rods are symmetrically hinged to the two sides of the press wheel, and the other ends of the two press wheel connecting rods are hinged to the hinge base through pin shafts; two ends of the transverse rod of the T-shaped pin shaft respectively penetrate through the middle holes of the two press wheel connecting rods, the front end of the vertical rod of the T-shaped pin shaft sequentially penetrates through the compression spring and the middle holes of the pin shaft sleeve, and two ends of the pin shaft sleeve are inserted into the side plates of the hinge base; the two ends of the compression spring are respectively contacted with the pin shaft sleeve and the cross rod of the T-shaped pin shaft, and the press wheel adjusting nut is connected to the front end of the vertical rod of the T-shaped pin shaft through threads.
Furthermore, the included angle between the sliding knife and the transition plate and the included angle between the transition plate and the wing plate are equal to 180-beta, beta is half of the included angle between the two transition plates, and the distance between the two wing plates is 15-25 mm; the included angle 2 beta of the two symmetrically arranged transition plates is 30-45 degrees;
the cutting edge curve of the sliding knife is an exponential function curve, the initial sliding cut angle gamma A of the exponential function curve is 20-25 degrees, the final sliding cut angle gamma B of the exponential function curve is 30-55 degrees, and the height h of the sliding knife is 50 mm; the soil penetration angle alpha of the sliding knife is an obtuse angle of 100-150 degrees;
the seed guide pipe is a curve-shaped seed guide pipe, the inner surface of the seed guide pipe comprises an upper cylindrical surface and a lower paraboloid, and the tail end angle alpha 1 of the lower paraboloid is 0-5 degrees.
Further, the furrow opener chuck comprises a chuck front folded plate and a chuck rear folded plate, wherein the chuck rear folded plate is welded at the middle position of the rear part of the chuck front folded plate, the upper surface and the lower surface of the chuck front folded plate are aligned, the furrow opener chuck is arranged on the back beam through a U-shaped clamp, the inner side surface of the chuck, the inner upper surface of the chuck and the inner lower surface of the chuck are respectively clung to the back surface, the upper surface and the lower surface of the back beam, two sides of a pin shaft on the furrow opener support penetrate through chuck guide holes, and the range of.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the pneumatic system adopts a blowing and sucking dual-purpose axial flow fan to provide positive air pressure and negative air pressure for the seed sowing device, so that the uniform and stable distribution of the air pressure in a positive air pressure pipeline and a negative air pressure pipeline can be realized, and the miss-seeding rate of the seed sowing device is reduced; the tensioning degree of the synchronous belt is controlled by adjusting the parallel position of the small synchronous pulley, and the structure eliminates a belt tensioning pulley, simplifies the structure, lightens the mass of the whole machine, and is convenient to adjust, install and disassemble; by utilizing a double-bearing symmetrical configuration mode, the mounting angle of the axle center of the belt wheel can be quickly adjusted, the transmission mounting precision of the synchronous belt is improved, the abrasion is reduced, and the service life and the reliability of the belt are improved;
2. the telescopic cross universal coupling replaces an extension shaft to connect and transmit power to the blowing and sucking dual-purpose axial flow fan, the limitation of the installation position of each transmission device is removed, the blowing and sucking dual-purpose axial flow fan is convenient to install, disassemble and debug, the axial distance is adjustable, and the assembly space of other parts on the seeder is increased;
3. the drill barrow leg type furrow opener is adopted, the ground surface floating function of the furrow opener is realized by utilizing the elasticity of the square compression spring 31 and matching the pin shaft limiting mode, and the bottom of the furrow opener can keep a uniform angle in the up-and-down floating process, so that the consistency of the ditching depth is favorably kept; the floating position of the furrow opener can be freely and stepwisely adjusted, and the furrow opener can effectively return under the action of self gravity and spring elasticity, and the furrowing depth of the furrow opener can be effectively controlled; the upper and lower positions of the furrow opener are adjustable so as to be suitable for the frames of different seeders;
4. the precise seed feeding function of the seeder can be realized, the functions of ditching, seed feeding, soil returning, soil covering, pressing and the like can be completed at one time, 12 rows are sowed at one time, the production efficiency of the seeder is improved, and the time is saved; the head of the sliding cutter of the furrow opener is ship-shaped, the structure of the furrow opener has good mechanical property, the furrow opener is favorable for sliding cutting and breaking soil, the power consumption of the seeder is reduced, and the problem that the seeding depth is difficult to control under different working conditions is solved; the curved seed guide pipe reduces the bounce and the rolling of seeds falling into the bottom of the seed ditch, improves the uniformity of the plant spacing, and can realize zero-speed seed feeding when the advancing speed of the seeder reaches a certain value; when the device works under the condition of heavily-hardened soil with high water content, the operation effect is good, and the phenomena of random rolling, bouncing, blockage and adhesion of seeds in the seed throwing process are overcome;
5. can simultaneously realize combined operations such as rotary tillage, fertilization, ridging, ditching, seeding, soil covering, pressing and the like, can meet the requirement of tillage in one-time operation, is suitable for efficient precision seeding operation in dry land and large fields, improves the seeding efficiency and saves time.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a precision multiple seeder for pakchoi in the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the rotary tillage and ridging system of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the pneumatic system of FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the base structure of FIG. 3;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the tension adjustment of the timing belt of FIG. 3;
FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of the sowing system of FIG. 1;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the seed plate of FIG. 6;
FIG. 8 is a schematic structural view of the shank of FIG. 6;
FIG. 9 is a schematic view of the structure of a sliding blade of the furrow opener in FIG. 8;
figure 10 is a schematic view of the press wheel assembly of figure 8;
FIG. 11 is a schematic view of the shank construction of the shank of FIG. 8;
FIG. 12 is a schematic view of the shank body;
FIG. 13 is a graph of a cutting edge of a sliding blade;
FIG. 14 is a side view stress analysis diagram of a furrow opener sliding blade;
FIG. 15 is a top view force analysis diagram of a furrow opener sliding blade;
FIG. 16 is a diagram showing the analysis of the movement of seeds in the guide tube.
The components in the figures are numbered as follows:
the device comprises a press wheel device 10, a press wheel adjusting nut 11, a pin shaft sleeve 12, two press wheel connecting rods 13, a compression spring 14 and a T-shaped pin shaft 15 (wherein a cross rod 15a, a vertical rod 15b and a press wheel 16); the furrow opener comprises a furrow opener body 20, a furrow opener sliding knife 30, a square compression spring 31, a sliding knife 32, two transition plates 33, two wing plates 34, a seed guide pipe 35, a hinge seat 36 (wherein, a bottom plate 36a) and a soil covering rod 37; a furrow opener support 40; a furrow opener chuck 50, a chuck front folded plate 51 (wherein, a chuck inner side surface 51a, a chuck inner upper surface 51b, a chuck inner lower surface 51c), a chuck rear folded plate 52 (wherein, a chuck guide hole 52 a); a seed metering device 80, a seed box 81, a seed metering device motor 82, a seed metering device bracket 83, a transparent hose 84 and a seed metering disc 85 (wherein, a shaft hole 85a and a profile hole 85 b); a sowing system 100; the system comprises a pneumatic system 110, a blowing and sucking dual-purpose axial flow fan 111, a first pagoda joint 112, a positive pressure main pipe 113, a second pagoda joint 114, a negative pressure main pipe 115, a telescopic universal joint cross 119, a front pulley shaft 121, a bearing seat 122 with an external spherical bearing, a small synchronous pulley 123, a synchronous belt 124, a large synchronous pulley 125 and a base 127 (wherein, the base comprises a base center hole 127a, a vertical plate 127b and a guide hole 127 c); a rotary tillage ridging system 130, a frame 131 (wherein, a side plate 131a and a back beam 131b), a gear box 132, a ground breaking device 133, a rotary tillage device 134, a side transmission gear box 135, a ridging roller 136 and a housing 137; a fertilizer application system 140.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the figures and the specific embodiments.
As shown in fig. 1, the precision multiple seeder for pakchoi comprises a rotary tillage ridging system 130, two fertilizer discharging systems 140, a pneumatic system 110 and a seeding system 100; the two fertilizer discharging systems 140 are symmetrically installed on the rotary tillage and ridging system 130 (i.e. one fertilizer discharging system 140 is symmetrically installed on one housing 137 of the rotary tillage and ridging system 130 through a bolt pair, and the other fertilizer discharging system 140 is symmetrically installed on the other housing 137 of the rotary tillage and ridging system 130 through a bolt pair), the pneumatic system 110 is installed at the middle position of the upper part of the rotary tillage and ridging system 130, and the sowing system 100 is hung at the rear part of the rotary tillage and ridging system 130.
As shown in fig. 2, the rotary tillage ridging system 130 includes a frame 131, a gearbox 132 fixed in the middle of the frame 131, a soil breaking device 133 installed on the frame 131 and located under the gearbox 132, two sets of rotary tillage devices 134 symmetrically installed on two sides of the bottom of the gearbox 132, two sets of side transmission gear boxes 135 symmetrically installed on side plates 131a on two sides of the frame 131, two ridging rollers 136 respectively linked and matched with one end of each set of side transmission gear boxes 135, and two scraping plates symmetrically installed on a rear beam 131b of the frame 131, wherein the other end of each set of side transmission gear boxes 135 is linked and matched with the corresponding rotary tillage device 134, the two sets of ridging rollers 136 are symmetrically installed on the rear portion of the frame 131 through diamond bearings, and the two scraping plates and the two ridging rollers 136 are in one-.
As shown in fig. 3, the pneumatic system 110 includes a blowing-sucking axial flow fan 111 mounted on a frame 131 by bolts, a positive pressure main pipe 113 connected to a positive pressure port of the blowing-sucking axial flow fan 111 by a first pagoda joint 112, a negative pressure main pipe 115 connected to a negative pressure port of the blowing-sucking axial flow fan 111 by a second pagoda joint 114, one end of a telescopic cross universal coupling 119 connected to an input shaft of the blowing-sucking axial flow fan 111, a front pulley shaft 121 connected to the other end of the telescopic cross universal coupling 119, a small synchronous pulley 123 connected to the front pulley shaft 121 by an adjustment mount, and a large synchronous pulley 125 connected to the small synchronous pulley 123 by a synchronous belt 124, wherein the positive pressure main pipe 113 and the negative pressure main pipe 115 are respectively communicated with the positive pressure port and the negative pressure port of the seed metering device 80, and the positive and negative pressures of. In addition, specifically, the rear ends of the first pagoda joint 112 and the second pagoda joint 114 are respectively connected with a positive pressure port and a negative pressure port of the axial flow fan 111 for blowing and sucking by screw threads, the front ends of the first pagoda joint 112 and the second pagoda joint 114 are respectively provided with the front ends of a negative pressure main pipe 115 and a positive pressure main pipe 113 by clips, and screw thread sealing tapes are used for filling the screw thread connection gaps of the first pagoda joint 112 and the second pagoda joint 114, so that the integral sealing performance is ensured; the center hole of the large synchronous pulley 125 is sleeved on the input spline shaft of the seeder. The telescopic cross universal coupling 119 replaces an extension shaft to connect and transmit power to the blowing and sucking dual-purpose axial flow fan 111, the limitation of the installation position of each transmission device is removed, the blowing and sucking dual-purpose axial flow fan is convenient to install, disassemble and debug, the axial distance is adjustable, and the assembly space of other parts on the seeder is increased.
Referring to fig. 4, the adjusting mount includes a base 127 and two bearing seats 122 with external spherical bearings, the two bearing seats 122 with external spherical bearings are symmetrically arranged with a vertical plate 127b of the base 127 and are fixed at a guide hole 127c of the vertical plate 127b of the base 127 by bolts; meanwhile, the front end of the front pulley shaft 121 sequentially passes through an outer spherical bearing of the bearing seat 122 with an outer spherical bearing, a base center hole 127a of a vertical plate 127b of the base 127 and an outer spherical bearing of the other bearing seat 122 with an outer spherical bearing until the front end of the front pulley shaft 121 is inserted into the center hole of the small synchronous pulley 123, and the two outer spherical bearings position the front pulley shaft through jackscrews; meanwhile, two bearing seats 122 with external spherical bearings are symmetrically installed on a guide hole 127c of a vertical plate 127b of a base 127 through bolts, so that the axial position of the front pulley shaft is adjustable up and down; the tensioning degree of the synchronous belt is controlled by adjusting the parallel position of the small synchronous pulley, the belt tensioning pulley is eliminated by the structure, the structure is simplified, the quality of the whole machine is reduced, and the adjustment, the installation and the disassembly are convenient.
As shown in fig. 6, the seeding system 100 includes a plurality of sets of furrow opener bodies 20 hung on the back beam 131b through U-shaped clips, a seed meter support 83 mounted on the upper portion of the back beam 131b through bolts, a seed meter motor 82 mounted on one side of the seed meter support 83 through bolts, a seed meter 80 mounted on the seed meter support 83 through bolts, a seed box 81 sleeved on the upper portion of the seed meter 80, and transparent hoses 84 connecting the seed meter 80 and a plurality of seed guide pipes 35, wherein the distance between each set of furrow opener bodies 20 is adjustable, each transparent hose 84 is mounted between a seed outlet of the seed meter 80 and the plurality of seed guide pipes 35 through a clip, and is kept straight, so that seeds inside each transparent hose 84 can stably and uniformly fall into a seed ditch, and the uniformity of the plant distance of each row.
In this embodiment, the negative pressure main pipe 115 and the positive pressure main pipe 113 both adopt steel wire hoses, and a pre-tightening force is reserved on a hoop at each interface to maintain the sealing property; in addition, the steel wire hose can be bent at any time to effectively utilize space, and the steel wire hose is not easy to block a pipeline due to closing under the action of negative air pressure.
The relative positions of the small synchronous pulley 123 and the large synchronous pulley 125 are adjusted according to the requirement of the assembly center distance. Starting a tractor, when an input spline shaft of the seeder rotates, the power of the seeder respectively passes through a large synchronous pulley 125, a synchronous belt 124, a small synchronous pulley 123 and a front pulley shaft 121 to reach the axial flow fan 111 for blowing and sucking, and the axial flow fan 111 for blowing and sucking simultaneously generates positive air pressure and negative air pressure, wherein the positive air pressure sequentially passes through a first pagoda joint 112 and a positive pressure main pipe 113 to enter a positive pressure port of the seed metering device 80; the negative air pressure enters the negative pressure port of the seed metering device 80 through the second pagoda joint 114 and the negative pressure main pipe 115 in sequence. The tension of the timing belt 124 is adjusted according to the center distance between the small timing pulley 123 and the large timing pulley 125, which can be adjusted along with the vertical positions of the two bearing seats 122 with external spherical bearings installed in the guide holes 127c, and at the same time, the parallelism of the axes of the small timing pulley 123 and the large timing pulley 125 can be adjusted by the relative assembly positions of the two bearing seats 122 with external spherical bearings.
In this embodiment, the transmission ratio between the small synchronous pulley 123 and the large synchronous pulley 125 is 3, and the center distance between the small synchronous pulley 123 and the large synchronous pulley 125 can be adjusted by the vertical positions of the guide holes 127c along with the two bearing seats 122 with external spherical bearings, which is not only convenient for mounting and dismounting the large synchronous pulley 125, but also convenient for adjusting the large synchronous pulleyTension of the pulley 125 adjusted to a height difference of H1(as shown in FIG. 5); the telescopic cross universal coupling 119 adopts a 12mm hexagonal telescopic rod, the maximum rotation angle of each section is 45 degrees, the minimum installation length is 290mm, and the stroke is 100 mm; the blowing and sucking dual-purpose axial flow fan 111 can provide positive and negative air pressure simultaneously, and the air volume is 200m3H, the air pressure is 19kPa, the vacuum degree is-18 kPa, and the using air pressure is less than 13 kPa; the seed metering device 80 is of a type suitable for a one-double-row pneumatic type combined-oilseed and wheat precision seed metering device (authorized bulletin number: CN203537802U), and comprises 2 seed metering disks 85, the type hole 85b of each seed metering disk 85 is in a 6-row and 12-row form (as shown in figure 7), and the shaft hole 85a restricts the circumferential rotation of the seed metering disks, so that the seed metering disks 85 and the seed metering device motor 82 rotate synchronously.
The pneumatic system 110 belongs to a key part of the seeder, and the quality of the working performance of the pneumatic system affects the field plant distribution condition after the operation of the seeder, thereby affecting the fine seeding and planting benefit of the seeding object. Tests show that the influence of the negative pressure main pipe 115 in the system is larger than that of the positive pressure main pipe (113), and the negative pressure main pipe 115 is mainly tested to determine the pressure of the seed metering device 80 and the performance of the negative pressure main pipe 115. Wherein, pressure and flow are the main performance parameters that influence the seeding effect of the system, and the test process is as follows: the adjusting blowing and sucking dual-purpose axial flow fan 111 is communicated with the air chamber of the seeding unit 80 through a steel hose, wherein the negative pressure flow of the seeding unit 80 can be adjusted and changed by utilizing the negative pressure main pipe 115. In the test, the displayed flow value is recorded by using a thermal type gas mass flowmeter (the model is WTG-RS, the manufacturer is Wuhan Tiangang scientific and technological development limited company, and the measurement precision is +/-1%), and the corresponding pressure value is read by using a U-shaped tube barometer. The pressure test of the negative pressure branch negative pressure main pipe 115 of the positive and negative pressure combined type seeder pneumatic system is carried out on the seeder, and the structure diagram of the pressure measurement principle of the negative pressure pipe of the system is shown in figure 3 in the test process. The specific working process is as follows: and starting a control switch of the detection system, regulating and controlling the working frequency of the motor by a frequency converter to change the rotating speed of the axial flow fan 111 for blowing and sucking to a specified value, recording the rotating speed of the axial flow fan 111 for blowing and sucking by using a digital high-precision tachometer (model number is DM6234P +, manufacturer is Shenzhen Shenli GaoElfin electronic technology Co., Ltd., precision is +/-0.05%), and respectively measuring the pressure value of the negative pressure gas conveying pipe at the corresponding rotating speed by using a U-shaped pipe barometer. Through tests, the recorded pressure intensity of each negative pressure branch air pipe of the system of different axial flow fans 111 for blowing and sucking at each rotating speed is measured, and the pressure intensity of each branch of the system and the rotating speed of the axial flow fans 111 for blowing and sucking are approximately in a linear relationship. When the flow of the negative pressure main pipe of the system is given to be a certain value, the air pressure of the determined negative pressure main pipe 115 is present, so that the rotating speed of the blowing and sucking dual-purpose axial flow fan 111 is the lowest, when the seeding objects are different, the required pressure is different, and the pressure of the seed metering device 80 is changed by only changing the rotating speed of the dual-purpose axial flow fan 111, so that the system can be suitable for the precision seeding of different crop seeds.
As shown in fig. 8, the sowing system 100 includes a plurality of furrow opener bodies 20 (in the embodiment, 12 furrow opener bodies 20 are included), each furrow opener body 20 includes a furrow opener clamp 50 hung on the rear beam 131b through a U-shaped clamp, a furrow opener support 40 mounted on the furrow opener clamp 50 through a pin shaft limit, a square compression spring 31 sleeved on the furrow opener support 40, a furrow opener sliding blade 30 welded on the furrow opener support 40, wherein the soil penetration depth of the furrow opener sliding blade 30 is adjustable, and the functions of ditching and soil covering can be realized.
As shown in fig. 9, each furrow opener slider 30 comprises a slider plate 32, two transition plates 33, two wing plates 34, a seed guide tube 35, a hinge seat 36 and a soil covering rod 37. The two transition plates 33 are symmetrically welded on the rear end face of the sliding knife plate 32 (namely, the inner side edge of one transition plate 33 is contacted with one side edge of the rear end face of the sliding knife plate 32, the inner side edge of the other transition plate 33 is contacted with the other side edge of the rear end face of the sliding knife plate 32), the two wing plates 34 are respectively symmetrically welded on the rear end faces of the two transition plates 33 (namely, the front end face of one wing plate 34 is welded on the rear end face of one transition plate 33, the front end face of the other wing plate 34 is welded on the rear end face of the other transition plate 33), the included angle between the sliding knife plate 32 and the transition plate 33, the included angle between the transition plate 33 and the wing plate 34 are equal to 180 ° -beta (namely 157.5-165 °, beta is half of the included angle between the two transition plates, as shown in fig. 15), namely, the two wing plates 34 and the sliding knife plate 32 are arranged in parallel, and when the distance between the two wing plates 34 is 15-25 mm (preferably 20, the soil water loss after operation is small; wherein, the bottom of the seed guiding pipe 35 is welded in a cavity formed by the two transition plates 33 and the two wing plates 34, and the seed guiding pipe 35 is positioned in the middle of the furrow opener sliding cutter 30; the bottom plate 36a of the hinge base 36 is welded to the upper surface of the rear portion of the two wings 34 (i.e., one end of the bottom plate 36a is welded to the upper surface of the rear portion of one wing 34, and the other end of the bottom plate 36a is welded to the upper surface of the rear portion of the other wing 34), and the soil covering rod 37 is welded to the hinge base 36 at a position intermediate the rear end portions of the bottom plate 36 a.
As shown in fig. 1, each set of the press device 10 includes a press wheel adjusting nut 11, a pin bushing pipe 12, two press wheel links 13, a compression spring 14, a T-shaped pin 15, and a press wheel 16. One ends of the two press wheel connecting rods 13 are symmetrically hinged on two sides of the press wheel 16 through bolt pairs, and the other ends of the two press wheel connecting rods 13 are hinged on the hinge base 36 through pin shafts, so that the press device 10 can rotate around the hinge base 36, and meanwhile, the press wheel 16 can also freely rotate around the bolts; two ends of a cross rod 15a of a T-shaped pin shaft 15 respectively penetrate through middle holes of two press wheel connecting rods 13, the front end of a vertical rod 15b of the T-shaped pin shaft 15 sequentially penetrates through middle holes of a compression spring 14 and a pin shaft sleeve 12, and meanwhile, two ends of the pin shaft sleeve 12 are inserted into side plates of a hinge seat 36 to realize rotation; two ends of the compression spring 14 are respectively contacted with the pin shaft sleeve 12 and the cross bar 15a of the T-shaped pin shaft 15, the compression spring has elasticity, the elasticity is adjusted by the press wheel adjusting nut 11, and the press wheel adjusting nut 11 is connected to the front end of the vertical bar 15b of the T-shaped pin shaft 15 through threads, so that the lowest position of the press wheel is limited.
As shown in FIG. 11, the shank opener clamp 50 comprises a clamp front folded plate 51 and a clamp rear folded plate 52, wherein the clamp rear folded plate 52 is welded at the middle position of the rear part of the clamp front folded plate 51, the upper and lower surfaces of the clamp front folded plate and the clamp front folded plate are aligned, the shank opener clamp 50 is installed on the rear beam 131b through a U-shaped clamp, when the shank opener clamp is installed, a clamp inner side surface 51a, a clamp inner upper surface 51b and a clamp inner lower surface 51c are respectively contacted with the rear, upper and lower surfaces of the rear beam 131b, two sides of a pin shaft on the shank bracket 40 penetrate through a clamp guide hole 52a, and.
According to the row spacing and the seeding row number in the agricultural requirement, the furrow opener bodies 20 with corresponding number are hung on the rear part of the seeder, and the distance between two adjacent groups of furrow opener bodies 20 is adjusted. According to the crop seedingThe depth requirement determines the height position of the pin on the shank support 40. When the seeder works, the sliding blade plate 32 is firstly contacted with soil, and the soil is sequentially broken into seed ditches of about 34mm by the sliding blade plate 32, the two transition plates 33 and the two wing plates 34. The soil covering rod 37 then holds and pushes the broken part of the soil in the seed furrow, and finally the press wheel 16 presses the loose soil of the seed furrow. In the process, continuous and periodic seeds sequentially pass through the seed metering device 80, the transparent hose 84 and the seed guide pipe 35 and then reach the soil. In the seeder in-process of marcing, because square compression spring 31's effect, can realize the fluctuation of single furrow opener body 20, when the seeder in-process of marcing runs into the earth's surface height not level, accomplish the action of floating after, under the effect of self gravity, furrow opener sliding knife 30 can effectively return to the limit position who adjusts. The motion mechanism is as an example in fig. 12: assuming that the whole furrow opener body 20 is a rigid body, the initial position of the pin shaft is L0The highest adjusting position is L1At this time, the seeder passes through a soil-covered high point, the height of the whole furrow opener body 20 lifted by resistance is H, and then the height returns to L under the action of gravity0Position, and L0The position is the maximum ditching depth of the furrow opener sliding knife 30, and the depth cannot be changed due to the density degree of soil. If the copying fall-back function of the square compression spring 31 is not available, the fixed furrow opener body 20 can vibrate the seeder to generate vertical rigid fluctuation, which is not beneficial to ensuring the consistency of the furrowing depth.
Referring to fig. 13, 14 and 15, the included angle 2 β between the two symmetrically arranged transition plates 33 is 30-45 °, the edge curve of the sliding blade plate 32 is an exponential function curve, and the initial sliding cut angle γ of the exponential function curveA20 to 25 degrees and a final sliding cutting angle gammaBThe transverse dimension S of the exponential function curve is 30-55 degrees, the horizontal length of the sliding knife 32 is used, h is the height of the sliding knife of the furrow opener, the furrow opener is machined according to the actual machining dimension, h is 50mm, and the cutting edge curve is the curve of the exponential function form and plays roles of cutting soil and separating along two sides of the machine tool. According to the design principle of the furrow opener, the soil-entering angle alpha of the sliding cutter type furrow opener is generally an obtuse angle, the furrow opener is not easy to enter the soil due to the upward resistance of the soil, and the furrow opener is arranged on the furrow openerUnder the action of gravity and additional weight, the soil can enter soil to a certain depth, and the sliding cutter type furrow opener has better working performance under the conditions of better soil preparation quality and fine and soft soil; when the device works, the furrow opener can press soil downwards while extruding the soil to two sides, and a seed furrow can be formed.
In order to make the furrow opener have small fluctuation, the stress condition of soil particles at the furrow opener M is analyzed as follows:
when alpha is more than pi/2, the soil particles are pressed downwards, the condition that the soil particles slide downwards along the cutting edge is that T is more than F, and the following relation is provided:
T＝N tanθ (1)
in formulas (1) and (2): n is the acting force of the sliding knife on the soil, T is the downward pressure of the sliding knife on the soil, F is the friction force between the sliding knife and the soil, F is the friction coefficient between the sliding knife and the soil, and theta is the included angle of N and F, and the N is taken
Therefore, the following relationship is given:
θ＝α-90° (4)
to ensure its sliding action, takeThe penetration angle α is 110 °.
In order to ensure that the blade of the furrow opener can smoothly cut soil and reduce working resistance, the blade EE is required to be arranged on the blade1The soil particles on the surface slide backwards, and the necessary conditions are as follows: t '> F'.
The following relation:
T′＝N′tan(90°-β) (5)
the following relationship is obtained:
getBeta < 70 ℃ is thus obtained. In operation, the resistance of the furrow opener is not only related to beta, but also related to the furrow width, mainly related to the furrow depth and the seed covering depth. According to the data, the following relationships are concluded from the experimental data:
in equation (8): x1The width of the trench, H the depth of the trench, HnThe depth of the soil is shown as the soil covering depth.
According to the design, the outer diameter d of the seed guiding pipe 35 is 20mm, the thickness t of the wing plate 34 is 5mm, and the width of the furrow opener has the following relation:
X1＝d+2t (9)
then find X130 mm. The upper limit of the height of the sliding knife plate 32 is taken as the ditching limit position, so that the effective soil covering depth H is obtainednThe range of (A) is 8.25 to 28.25 mm.
Based on the parameters, basic parameters are set based on an EDEM simulation test: the water content of the soil is (20 +/-1)%, and the density of the soil particles is 2150kg/m3A soil Poisson ratio of 0.41 and a soil shear modulus of 1.24X 106Pa, the coefficient of static friction among the soil particles is 0.3, the coefficient of kinetic friction among the soil particles is 0.2, the coefficient of restitution between the particles and the furrow opener is 0.3, and the coefficient of normal contact stiffness among the particles is 3.4 multiplied by 108N/m3The coefficient of rigidity of the tangential contact between particles is 1.5 multiplied by 108N/m3The interparticle critical normal stress is 200kPa, the interparticle critical tangential stress is 68kPa, and the 65Mn shear modulusIs 7.27X 1010Pa, 65Mn Poisson's ratio of 0.35, 65Mn density of 7830kg/m3. According to the analysis and design principle of the furrow opener, the influence of 3 levels on the included angle of a transition plate, the advancing speed, the furrowing depth and the resistance of the furrow opener on the covering depth is selected respectively to carry out dynamic simulation analysis, and the simulation test factor levels are shown in table 1.
Table 1 simulation test factor level table
Performing quadratic multiple regression fitting according to the determined factor level, the test scheme and the data of the simulation test result, and according to the test result, taking the minimum covering depth as the limiting condition, taking the 2 beta as 30-45 degrees and the cutting edge curve of the sliding blade plate 32 as an exponential function curve (the initial sliding cut angle gamma of the exponential function curve)A20 to 25 degrees and a final sliding cutting angle gammaBThe angle of the sliding cutter h is 30-55 mm, the angle of the sliding cutter h is 30-50 mm), and the parameter design that the soil-entering angle alpha of the sliding cutter type furrow opener is an obtuse angle of 100-150 degrees (preferably 110 degrees) can achieve good operation effect.
As shown in fig. 9 and 16, the seed guide 35 is fixed to the coulter slide 30, so that when the seeder is in operation, the seeds discharged from the seed sowing device 80 fall into the seed furrow, and the seeds move with the seeder to have a certain relative speed with respect to the ground, and the speed causes the seeds to bounce or roll when falling into the seed furrow, resulting in uneven planting distance of the seeds. The seed guide 35 in this embodiment is a curved seed guide, i.e., the inner surface of the seed guide includes an upper cylindrical surface and a lower paraboloid, and the end angle α of the lower paraboloid10-5 degrees, which can make the seeds fall along the curve, restrain the moving direction of the seeds and make the seeds have backward relative speed relative to the furrow opener when leaving the lower opening of the seed guiding pipe, thus improving the bounce and rolling of the seeds when falling into the seed furrow. The movement of the seeds in the seed guide tube can be divided into upper-segment linear movement and lower-segment curvilinear movement, and the linear movement and the initial speed v of the seeds falling into the seed guide tube0The movement of the seed in the linear part of the seed-guiding tube being dependent on the angle of inclinationThe equation can be expressed as follows:
in equations (10), (11): d is the diameter of a seed metering disc of the seed metering device, and D is 140 mm; z is the hole number of the outermost ring of the seed metering disc, and Z is 40; f1For the frequency of seed metering, s-1；vTThe forward speed of the seeder is m/s; delta is the slippage rate of the walking wheel, and delta is 8 percent; s1Is the plant spacing, mm; m is the mass of the seed; v. ofwThe moving speed of the seeds is m/s; alpha is alpha0Is the linear inclination angle of the seed guiding pipe; f. of1Is the friction coefficient of the seed and the seed guiding tube, f1＝0.4。
Solving the equation to obtain:
vw＝gt(sin α0-f1 cos α0)+v0 (12)
according to the experiment, the curve part of the seed guiding pipe is a parabola, and the general equation is as follows:
Y＝aX2+bX+c (13)
substituting the test data into the above formula, solving the equation to obtain a-0.01, b-2.7 and c-0, the equation of the curve is:
Y＝-0.01X2+2.7X (14)
according to the stress condition of the seed in the seed guiding pipe, the motion of the curve part can be approximately regarded as the following formula:
solving the equation to obtain:
vs＝v cosα0 (18)
in equations (15), (16), (17), and (18): v is the speed of the seeds at the seed guide pipe orifice; k is a correction coefficient, and K is 1.2; v. ofsThe horizontal velocity of the seeds at the seed guide tube opening is shown.
Through analysis, the seed motion speed, the initial speed of the seed to the curve section, the curvature of the curve and the end angle alpha1And the coefficient of friction of the seed and the seed guide. Coefficient of friction f1The larger the resistance to movement of the seed over a curved surface, vsThe smaller. Alpha is alpha1The smaller the angle, i.e. the closer the catheter tip is to the horizontal, vsThe larger the seed is, the smaller the vertical falling component speed of the seed is, and the bounce and rolling of the seed on the ground are favorably reduced. Now, assuming that the advancing speed of the seeder is 0.62m/s and the row spacing is 250mm, the backward horizontal speed of the seeds leaving the tail end of the seed guide pipe is calculated to be 0.03m/s, and the approach to zero-speed seed feeding can be known.
The sowing system 100 can complete the functions of ditching, seed throwing, soil returning, soil covering, pressing and the like at one time, improves the production efficiency of one-time operation of the sowing machine, and saves time; the furrow opener is designed for the problem that the sowing depth is difficult to control under different working conditions, the furrow opener is in the form of a sliding knife type furrow opener with a ship-shaped head, and the furrow opener has good mechanical property in structure, is favorable for sliding cutting and soil breaking, and reduces the power consumption of the sowing machine. The integration form of short-distance ditching, earthing and pressing combined functions is adopted, the uniformity of the field distribution of the seeds is realized, the variable adjustment of the seeding row spacing and the quantitative adjustment of the seeding depth can be realized, the consistency of the seeding depth is ensured, and the agricultural requirements of different seeds can be met; when the device works under the condition of heavily-hardened soil with high water content, the operation effect is good, and the phenomena of random rolling, bouncing, blockage and adhesion of seeds in the seed throwing process are overcome. The curved seed guiding pipe can reduce the bounce and rolling of seeds falling into the bottom of the seed ditch, and improve the uniformity of the plant spacing.
In the embodiment, a field test is carried out by using a design prototype, the test mode is that the prototype is used for sowing 3 boxes of fields, the sown pakchoi varieties are Shanghai heat-resistant 605, Osmunda japonica 605 and Xisheng respectively, after sowing, random sampling is carried out in the test field, the sampling length is 10m, 10 continuous sampling points are randomly selected, and the distance between adjacent seeds is recorded so as to test the average sowing depth, the average grain distance, the re-sowing rate, the miss-sowing rate and the sowing stability. On the premise of meeting the requirement of the seeding depth, the variation of the seeding depth is reduced, and the better seeding stability is ensured.
The precision compound type Chinese cabbage seeder can simultaneously realize combined operations of rotary tillage, fertilization, ridging, ditching, seeding, soil covering, pressing and the like, can meet the requirement of tillage through one-time operation, is suitable for efficient precision seeding operation of dry land and field, improves the seeding efficiency and saves time. The pneumatic system adopts a blowing and sucking dual-purpose axial flow fan to provide positive air pressure and negative air pressure for the seed sowing device, so that the uniform and stable air pressure distribution in a positive air pressure pipeline and a negative air pressure pipeline can be realized, and the miss-seeding rate of the seed sowing device is reduced; the tensioning degree of the synchronous belt is controlled by adjusting the parallel position of the small synchronous pulley, and the structure eliminates a belt tensioning pulley, simplifies the structure, lightens the mass of the whole machine, and is convenient to adjust, install and disassemble; by utilizing a double-bearing symmetrical configuration mode, the mounting angle of the axle center of the belt wheel can be quickly adjusted, the transmission mounting precision of the synchronous belt is improved, the abrasion is reduced, and the service life and the reliability of the belt are improved; the telescopic cross universal coupling replaces an extension shaft to connect and transmit power to the blowing and sucking dual-purpose axial flow fan, the limitation of the installation position of each transmission device is removed, the blowing and sucking dual-purpose axial flow fan is convenient to install, disassemble and debug, the axial distance is adjustable, and the assembly space of other parts on the seeder is increased; the plough leg type furrow opener is adopted, the earth surface floating function of the furrow opener is realized by utilizing the elasticity of the square compression spring 31 and matching the pin shaft limiting mode, and the bottom of the furrow opener can keep a uniform angle in the process of up-down floating, so that the consistency of the ditching depth is favorably kept; the floating position of the furrow opener can be freely and stepwisely adjusted, and the furrow opener can effectively return under the action of self gravity and spring elasticity, and the furrowing depth of the furrow opener can be effectively controlled; the upper and lower positions of the furrow opener are adjustable so as to be suitable for the frames of different seeders; the seeding system has the precise seed throwing function, can complete the functions of ditching, seed throwing, soil returning, soil covering, pressing and the like at one time, and can sow 12 rows at one time, thereby improving the production efficiency of the seeder and saving the time; the head of the sliding cutter of the furrow opener is ship-shaped, the structure of the furrow opener has good mechanical property, the furrow opener is favorable for sliding cutting and breaking soil, the power consumption of the seeder is reduced, and the problem that the seeding depth is difficult to control under different working conditions is solved; the curved seed guide pipe reduces the bounce and the rolling of seeds falling into the bottom of the seed ditch, improves the uniformity of the plant spacing, and can realize zero-speed seed feeding when the advancing speed of the seeder reaches a certain value; when the device works under the condition of heavily-hardened soil with high water content, the operation effect is good, and the phenomena of random rolling, bouncing, blockage and adhesion of seeds in the seed throwing process are overcome; the whole machine adopts a modular design, is convenient and quick to adjust, reliable in work and simple in structure.
The working principle of the invention is as follows: the sowing row spacing, the planting distance and the sowing depth are determined according to the agricultural requirements, the distance between every two adjacent furrow opener bodies and the distance between every two adjacent furrow opener sliding knives in the sowing system are adjusted, and the lowest position of the furrow opener sliding knives on the ridge surface is limited. According to the grain size of the produced crop seeds, the seed discharging disk of the seed discharging device is replaced, and the positive and negative air pressure of the pneumatic system is well adjusted. One part of power is rotated by the gearbox and the rotary tillage device to complete the rotary tillage function, and the other part of power is rotated by the large synchronous belt wheel, the synchronous belt, the small synchronous belt wheel and the telescopic cross universal coupling to drive the blowing-sucking dual-purpose axial flow fan to work to assist the seed sowing device to complete the seed carrying and discharging functions. When the seeder works, the fertilizer distributor motor in the fertilizer distribution system drives each group of fertilizer distributors to complete the fertilizing function, and meanwhile, the seed distributor motor in the seeding system drives the seed distributor to complete the seed carrying and seed carrying functions. In the process that the seeder gos forward, the ridging roller extrusion soil shaping accomplishes the seedbed ridging function in the rotary tillage ridging system, and simultaneously, the furrow is opened out to furrow opener sliding knife contact soil, and the seed falls into earthing behind the furrow, carries out the compaction by the suppression device to loosening the soil of furrow afterwards. When the furrow opener body meets uneven seedbed height or has foreign matters in the early stage along with the advancing process of the seeder, the self-adjusting return function is completed by the square compression spring 31 and the pin shaft in combination with the self gravity to float up and down. The working processes are carried out synchronously, and the combined operations of rotary tillage, fertilization, ridging, ditching, seeding, soil covering and pressing of the precision compound Chinese cabbage seeder can be realized.
The invention has the following specific implementation effects: the pneumatic system provides stable and uniform positive air pressure and negative air pressure for the seeding apparatus, the positive air pressure and the negative air pressure are closely matched in a circulating way, the consistency of the discharge capacity of each row of the seeding apparatus can be ensured, and the problem of poor seeding uniformity is solved. Adopt to articulate multiunit furrow opener body, can adapt to the stability that different high seedbeds guaranteed the depth of planting, and can realize quick adjustment seeding row spacing, adapt to the agricultural requirement of different small-grain-size seeds, help saving field operation, maintenance and debugging time. Can be used for applying fertilizers with different grain diameters and forms, can finish precise and stepless adjustment of the fertilizer discharge amount, and solves the problem of fertilizer amount adjustment in the sowing process of the sowing machine.
The width of the whole machine is 2440mm, the ridge height is 200mm, and the ridge width is 960mm multiplied by 2. The seeding row spacing is adjustable, the seeding row number can be adjusted according to local market conditions, the row number is adjusted by changing the seed discharging disc of the seed discharging device and changing the number of the opener bodies, the general range is (4-12) rows, and the row spacing adjusting range is (30-200) mm. The test of one prototype in different fields proves that the method is successful, the structure is simplified, and the reliability is improved. According to the requirements of different crop sowing depths, the sowing depth (0-50 mm) can be adjusted by utilizing the opener body. The whole machine can be used for sowing rape, pakchoi and other seeds with small grain diameter, and the grain diameter range is as follows: (1.41-2.44) mm. Multiple field tests prove that the comprehensive performance of the whole machine is better.
Claims (6)
1. A precision multiple seeder for pakchoi comprises a rotary tillage ridging system (130), a pneumatic system (110) arranged at the middle position of the upper part of the rotary tillage ridging system (130), a seeding system (100) hung at the rear part of the rotary tillage ridging system (130), and two groups of fertilizer discharging systems symmetrically arranged on the rotary tillage ridging system (130); the method is characterized in that:
the pneumatic system (110) comprises a blowing and sucking dual-purpose axial flow fan (111) arranged on a seeder frame, a positive pressure main pipe (113) connected to a positive pressure port of the blowing and sucking dual-purpose axial flow fan (111), a negative pressure main pipe (115) connected to a negative pressure port of the blowing and sucking dual-purpose axial flow fan (111), a driving device connected with an input shaft of the blowing and sucking dual-purpose axial flow fan (111), and a seed sowing device (80);
the driving device comprises a telescopic cross universal coupling (119) connected with an input shaft of the blowing and sucking dual-purpose axial flow fan (111), a front pulley shaft (121) connected with the telescopic cross universal coupling (119), a small synchronous pulley (123) connected with the front pulley shaft (121) through an adjusting mounting seat and a large synchronous pulley (125) connected with the small synchronous pulley (123) through a synchronous belt (124);
the adjusting and mounting seat comprises a base (127) and two bearing seats (128) with external spherical bearings, wherein the two bearing seats (128) with external spherical bearings are symmetrically arranged by a vertical plate (127b) of the base (127) and are fixed at a guide hole (127c) of the vertical plate (127b) of the base (127) through a bolt; meanwhile, the front end of the front pulley shaft (121) sequentially passes through an outer spherical bearing of a bearing seat (128) with an outer spherical bearing, a base center hole (127a) of a vertical plate (127b) of the base (127) and an outer spherical bearing of the other bearing seat (128) with the outer spherical bearing until the front end of the front pulley shaft (121) is inserted into a center hole of the small synchronous pulley (123), and the two outer spherical bearings position the front pulley shaft (121) through jackscrews.
2. The pakchoi precision compound seeder according to claim 1, characterized in that: the seeding system (100) comprises a plurality of groups of furrow opener bodies (20) which are hung on a back beam (131b) through U-shaped clamps, a seed sowing device support (83) which is arranged on the upper part of the back beam (131b) through bolts, a seed sowing device motor (82) which is arranged on one side of the seed sowing device support (83) through bolts, a seed sowing device (80) which is arranged on the seed sowing device support (83) through bolts, a seed box (81) which is sleeved on the upper part of the seed sowing device (80), transparent hoses (84) which are connected with the seed sowing device (80) and a plurality of seed guiding pipes (35), wherein the distance between each group of furrow opener body (20) is adjustable, and each transparent hose (84) is arranged between a seed sowing device (80).
3. The pakchoi precision compound seeder according to claim 1, characterized in that: the furrow opener body (20) comprises a furrow opener clamping head (50) hung on the rear beam (131b) through a U-shaped clamp, a furrow opener support (40) limited and installed on the furrow opener clamping head (50) through a pin shaft, a square compression spring (31) sleeved on the furrow opener support (40), and a furrow opener sliding cutter (30) welded on the furrow opener support (40), wherein the soil penetration depth of the furrow opener sliding cutter (30) is adjustable, and the functions of ditching and soil covering can be realized;
each group of furrow opener sliding knives (30) comprises at least two sliding knives (32), two transition plates (33), two wing plates (34), a seed guide pipe (35), a hinge seat (36) and a soil covering rod (37); the two transition plates (33) are symmetrically welded on the rear end face of the sliding knife (32), the two wing plates (34) are symmetrically welded on the rear end face of the two transition plates (33) respectively, and the bottom of the seed guide pipe (35) is welded in a cavity formed by the two transition plates (33) and the two wing plates (34); the bottom plate (36a) of the hinge seat (36) is welded on the upper surfaces of the rear parts of the two wing plates (34), and the soil covering rod (37) is welded in the middle of the rear end part of the bottom plate (36a) of the hinge seat (36).
4. The pakchoi precision compound seeder according to claim 1, characterized in that: each group of the press devices (10) comprises a press wheel adjusting nut (11), a pin shaft sleeve (12), two press wheel connecting rods (13), a compression spring (14), a T-shaped pin shaft (15) and a press wheel (16); one ends of the two press wheel connecting rods (13) are symmetrically hinged to the two sides of the press wheel (16), and the other ends of the two press wheel connecting rods (13) are hinged to the hinge base (36) through pin shafts; the two ends of a cross rod (15a) of the T-shaped pin shaft (15) penetrate through middle holes of the two press wheel connecting rods (13) respectively, the front end of a vertical rod (15b) of the T-shaped pin shaft (15) penetrates through the compression spring (14) and the middle holes of the pin shaft sleeve (12) in sequence, and the two ends of the pin shaft sleeve (12) are inserted into side plates of the hinge seat (36); compression spring (14) both ends respectively with round pin axle sleeve pipe (12) with horizontal pole (15a) contact of T type round pin axle (15), press wheel adjusting nut (11) through threaded connection in the front end of T type round pin axle (15) montant (15 b).
5. The pakchoi precision compound seeder according to claim 1, characterized in that: the included angle between the sliding knife (32) and the transition plate (33) and the included angle between the transition plate (33) and the wing plate (34) are equal to be 180-beta, beta is half of the included angle between the two transition plates (33), and the distance between the two wing plates (34) is 15-25 mm; the included angle 2 beta of the two symmetrically arranged transition plates (33) is 30-45 degrees;
the cutting edge curve of the sliding knife (32) is an exponential function curve, and the initial sliding cut angle gamma of the exponential function curveA20 to 25 degrees and a final sliding cutting angle gammaBIs 30-55 degrees, and the height h of the sliding knife (32) is 50 mm; the soil-entering angle alpha of the sliding knife (32) is an obtuse angle of 100-150 degrees;
the seed guide pipe (35) is a curved seed guide pipe, the inner surface of the seed guide pipe (35) comprises an upper cylindrical surface and a lower paraboloid, and the tail end angle alpha of the lower paraboloid1Is 0 to 5 degrees.
6. The pakchoi precision compound seeder according to claim 1, characterized in that: the furrow opener chuck (50) comprises a chuck front folded plate (51) and a chuck rear folded plate (52), wherein the chuck rear folded plate (52) is welded at the middle position of the rear part of the chuck front folded plate (51), the upper surface and the lower surface of the chuck front folded plate and the rear folded plate are aligned, the furrow opener chuck (50) is arranged on the back beam (131b) through a U-shaped clamp, the inner side surface (51a) of the chuck, the inner upper surface (51b) of the chuck and the inner lower surface (51c) of the chuck are respectively clung to the back, the upper surface and the lower surface of the back beam (131b), two sides of a pin shaft on the furrow opener support (40) penetrate through chuck guide holes (52 a.
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| CN111742662A (en) * | 2020-07-27 | 2020-10-09 | 温州大学激光与光电智能制造研究院 | Portable seeding device |
| CN112544174A (en) * | 2020-11-11 | 2021-03-26 | 安徽省阜阳市盛大机械有限公司 | Automatic seeding device |
| CN112616378A (en) * | 2020-12-25 | 2021-04-09 | 华中农业大学 | Hand-held precision seeder for rape cell breeding |
| CN114208453A (en) * | 2021-12-15 | 2022-03-22 | 武汉市农业科学院 | Positive and negative air pressure combined type seeder fan system |
| CN117413648A (en) * | 2023-12-19 | 2024-01-19 | 贵州中昂科技有限公司 | Controllable farming seeding equipment of interval |
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| CN111587641A (en) * | 2020-04-15 | 2020-08-28 | 华南农业大学 | Vegetable seeder |
| CN111587641B (en) * | 2020-04-15 | 2021-11-26 | 华南农业大学 | Vegetable seeder |
| CN111742662A (en) * | 2020-07-27 | 2020-10-09 | 温州大学激光与光电智能制造研究院 | Portable seeding device |
| CN112544174A (en) * | 2020-11-11 | 2021-03-26 | 安徽省阜阳市盛大机械有限公司 | Automatic seeding device |
| CN112616378A (en) * | 2020-12-25 | 2021-04-09 | 华中农业大学 | Hand-held precision seeder for rape cell breeding |
| CN114208453A (en) * | 2021-12-15 | 2022-03-22 | 武汉市农业科学院 | Positive and negative air pressure combined type seeder fan system |
| CN117413648A (en) * | 2023-12-19 | 2024-01-19 | 贵州中昂科技有限公司 | Controllable farming seeding equipment of interval |
| CN117413648B (en) * | 2023-12-19 | 2024-02-09 | 贵州中昂科技有限公司 | Controllable farming seeding equipment of interval |
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| CN110603914B (en) | 2022-04-22 |
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