CN114208453A - Positive and negative air pressure combined type seeder fan system - Google Patents
Positive and negative air pressure combined type seeder fan system Download PDFInfo
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- CN114208453A CN114208453A CN202111537861.XA CN202111537861A CN114208453A CN 114208453 A CN114208453 A CN 114208453A CN 202111537861 A CN202111537861 A CN 202111537861A CN 114208453 A CN114208453 A CN 114208453A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C7/00—Sowing
- A01C7/20—Parts of seeders for conducting and depositing seed
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C7/00—Sowing
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Abstract
The invention discloses a positive and negative air pressure combined type seeder fan system, and relates to the technical field of seeder equipment in agricultural machinery. The device comprises a positive pressure pipe, a negative pressure pipe, a blowing and sucking dual-purpose axial flow fan, a pagoda joint, a negative pressure main pipe, a positive pressure main pipe, a telescopic cross universal coupling, a small belt wheel shaft, a T-shaped supporting plate, a square bearing seat spherical outside bearing, a small synchronous belt wheel, a synchronous belt, a large synchronous belt wheel, a flow distribution device and a seed sowing device. The positive and negative air pressure combined type seeder fan system can realize that positive air pressure and negative air pressure are provided for 6 groups of seed sowing devices simultaneously, the uniform and stable air pressure distribution in each pipeline can be realized, the miss-seeding rate of the seeder is reduced, the pipeline connection adopts a steel wire hose, the space can be effectively utilized by bending at any time, the key seed sowing part adopts a double-row pneumatic type precision seed sowing device for oilseeds, the purpose of sowing two rows at one time is realized by respectively additionally arranging one set of seed sowing mechanism on two sides of an air chamber, the efficiency is improved, the structure is simplified, and the cost is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of seeder equipment in agricultural machinery, in particular to a positive and negative air pressure combined type seeder fan system.
Background
Seeding is a key link of agricultural production, a seeder is a technical support for determining seeding quality, the seeding quality obviously influences the seedling emergence quality, and a seed sowing device is a core working part of the seeder.
At present, pneumatic precision seeding is the main technical development trend of precision seeding. Pneumatic precision seeding is the separation of seeds from a seed pile by the suction force of an air stream. Thereby achieving the purpose of single-grain or double-grain precision seeding. The method has the advantages of saving seeds, no damage to the seeds, low requirement on the size of the seeds, strong adaptability, easy realization of single-seed precision sowing, high operation speed and the like.
Pneumatic precision seeding machines generally employ pneumatic seed metering devices. In pneumatic seed metering devices, the fan system of the seed sowing machine is a big factor influencing the working performance of the seed metering device. Particularly, the pneumatic seed sowing device of the seed sowing device requiring positive and negative air pressure combination is most obviously influenced by a fan system. The positive and negative air pressure combined type collecting and discharging device can realize precise, high-speed and high-efficiency seeding and meet the planting requirements of modern agriculture. But the requirement of the efficient working performance on the fan system is also high, and the fan system are matched with each other, so that the seeding quality of the seeder can be ensured. Particularly, when the air pressure provided by the fan system is unstable or uneven, the seeder has the problems of poor consistency of each row discharge capacity and poor seeding uniformity. Therefore, the working performance of the seed sowing device is greatly reduced, and the precision seeding is difficult to realize.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a positive and negative air pressure combined type seeder fan system, and aims to solve the problems in the background technology.
In order to achieve the technical purpose, the invention mainly adopts the following technical scheme:
a positive and negative air pressure combined type seeder fan system comprises a positive pressure pipe (1), a negative pressure pipe (2), a blowing and sucking dual-purpose axial flow fan (3), a pagoda joint (4), a negative pressure main pipe (5), a positive pressure main pipe (6), a telescopic cross universal coupling (7), a small belt wheel shaft (8), a T-shaped support plate (9), a square bearing seat spherical outside bearing (10), a small synchronous belt wheel (11), a synchronous belt (12), a large synchronous belt wheel (13), a shunting device (14) and a seed sowing device (15), wherein the small synchronous belt wheel (11) and the large synchronous belt wheel (12) are respectively installed and connected to two ends of the synchronous belt (12) in a transmission manner, a central hole of the large synchronous belt wheel (13) is installed and connected to an input spline shaft of a seeder in a transmission manner, and a central hole of the small synchronous belt wheel (11) is installed and connected to the front end of the small belt wheel shaft (8) in a transmission manner; the small pulley shaft (8) is arranged on the two square bearing seat spherical outside surface bearings (10), the axial position of the small pulley shaft is adjustable, the small pulley shaft is positioned by four jackscrews on the two square bearing seat spherical outside surface bearings (10), and the small pulley shaft penetrates through a central hole of the T-shaped support plate (9); the two spherical outside surface bearings (10) of the square bearing seat are symmetrically arranged on four waist-shaped holes of the T-shaped supporting plate (9) through four bolt sets, and the mounting positions of the bearings can be adjusted up and down on the waist-shaped holes; the blowing and sucking dual-purpose axial flow fan (3) is installed on a seeder frame through a bolt set, a power input shaft of the blowing and sucking dual-purpose axial flow fan is installed and connected to the rear end of the telescopic cross universal coupling (7) in a transmission mode, and the axial position of the blowing and sucking dual-purpose axial flow fan is positioned by a jackscrew at the rear end of the telescopic cross universal coupling (7); the rear ends of the two pagoda joints (4) are respectively fixed on a positive pressure port and a negative pressure port of the blowing and sucking dual-purpose axial flow fan (3) through threaded connection, and the front ends of the pagoda joints (4) are respectively communicated with the front ends of the negative pressure main pipe (5) and the positive pressure main pipe (6) through hoops; the two shunting devices (14) are installed on a seeder frame through bolt sets, the rear ends of the shunting devices (14) are respectively installed and communicated with the rear ends of the negative pressure main pipe (5) and the positive pressure main pipe (6) through hoops, and the front ends of the shunting devices are respectively installed and communicated with the front ends of the 6 negative pressure pipes (2) and the 6 positive pressure pipes (1) through hoops; 6 groups the seed metering device (15) is fixed on the seeder profile modeling monomer frame through the installation of bolt group, and its 6 negative pressure mouths and 6 malleation mouths install respectively through the clamp and communicate in the rear end of 6 negative pressure pipes (2) and 6 malleation pipes (1).
In the invention, the center distance between the small synchronous pulley (11) and the large synchronous pulley (12) is adjusted along with the vertical position of the waist-shaped hole on which the two square bearing seat spherical outside bearings (10) are arranged, and the tension of the synchronous belt (12) can be adjusted.
In the invention, the two spherical outside surface bearings (10) of the square bearing seat are of a spherical outside surface bearing structure with a square seat jackscrew, and the parallelism of the axes of the small synchronous belt pulley (11) and the large synchronous belt pulley (12) is adjusted through relative assembly positions.
Preferably, the telescopic cross universal coupling (7) adopts a hexagonal telescopic rod, and can adapt to the adjustment of a certain installation angle and a certain installation distance.
Preferably, the axial flow fan (3) for blowing and sucking can provide positive and negative air pressure simultaneously.
Furthermore, the flow dividing device (14) is an one-in-six adjustable uniform flow dividing device and can be used for communicating and transmitting positive and negative air pressure.
Furthermore, the flow dividing device (14) comprises a pressure gauge (141), a pagoda joint (142), a four-way joint (143), a scale valve (144), a base support (145), a flow divider (146) and a leather hose joint (147), wherein the pressure gauge (141) is connected to the top end of the four-way joint (143) in a threaded manner, the scale valve (144) is connected to the side end of the four-way joint (143) in a threaded manner, the rear end of the pagoda joint (142) is connected to the front end of the four-way joint (143) in a threaded manner, the rear end of the flow divider (146) is connected to the rear end of the four-way joint (143) in a threaded manner, a threaded interface of the rear end of the flow divider (146) penetrates through a mounting hole of the base support (145), the assembly positions of the flow divider (146) and the four-way joint (143) are clamped and fixed on the base support (145), and the leather hose joint (147) is connected to the corresponding threaded interface of the front end of the flow divider (146) in a threaded manner, the tower joint (142), the four-way joint (143), the flow divider (146) and the six leather pipe joints (147) form a through cavity, the four-way joint (143) comprises a main pipe barrel (1431) and side pipe barrels (1432), and the two side pipe barrels (1432) are respectively welded and fixed in the middle of the main pipe barrel (1431).
According to the invention, 6 positive pressure pipes (1), 6 negative pressure pipes (2), a negative pressure main pipe (5) and a positive pressure main pipe (6) are all steel wire hoses, and a clamp at each interface has pretightening force to keep the sealing property.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the invention designs the T-shaped supporting plate with the waist-shaped hole, the tensioning degree of the synchronous belt is controlled by adjusting the parallel position of the small belt pulley, the structure eliminates the belt tensioning pulley, the structure can be simplified, the whole machine mass is lightened, and the adjustment, the installation and the disassembly are convenient.
2. The invention adopts a double-bearing symmetrical configuration mode, can realize the quick adjustment of the axle center installation angle of the belt wheel, improves the synchronous belt transmission installation precision, reduces the abrasion, and improves the service life and the reliability of the belt.
3. The invention uses the telescopic cross universal coupling to replace an extension shaft to connect and transmit power to the blowing and sucking dual-purpose axial flow fan, removes the limit of the installation position of each transmission device, is convenient for the installation, the disassembly and the debugging of the blowing and sucking dual-purpose axial flow fan, has adjustable axial distance and increases the assembly space of other parts on the seeder.
4. The invention adopts the blowing-sucking dual-purpose axial flow fan and the negative pressure adjustable uniform flow distribution device of the six-inlet sowing machine to respectively provide positive air pressure and negative air pressure for six groups of sowing machines, can realize uniform and stable air pressure distribution in each pipeline and reduce the miss-seeding rate of the sowing machine. The pipeline connection adopts the steel wire hose, the space can be effectively utilized by bending at any time, and the steel wire hose is not easy to block the pipeline due to closing under the action of negative air pressure.
5. The key seed discharging part of the invention adopts a double-row pneumatic type precision seed discharging device for the oilseed rape and the wheat, and realizes the function of precisely sowing two rows at one time for each set of sowing by the technical scheme of hanging the sowing single bodies and effectively matching positive and negative air pressure, and has the advantages of high efficiency, simple structure, low cost and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the T-shaped supporting plate shown in FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of adjustment of the angular difference of the axle center of the small pulley axle;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a timing belt tension adjustment;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the flow divider of FIG. 1;
FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of the pagoda joint of FIG. 5;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the four-way joint of FIG. 5;
FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of the base support cross-piece of FIG. 5;
FIG. 9 is a right side view of the positive air pressure direction;
FIG. 10 is a left side view in the negative air pressure direction;
FIG. 11 is a top view of the integrated positive and negative air pressure circuit of the present invention;
FIG. 12 is a graph showing the effect of the fit of the flow rate and pressure of the seed metering device of the present invention;
FIG. 13 is a graph showing the relationship between the rotational speed of the fan and the pressure of the negative pressure pipes of the respective branches according to the present invention;
FIG. 14 is a contour diagram of a model in the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and examples.
The positive and negative air pressure combined type seeder fan system comprises a positive pressure pipe 1, a negative pressure pipe 2, a blowing and sucking dual-purpose axial flow fan 3, a pagoda joint 4, a negative pressure main pipe 5, a positive pressure main pipe 6, a telescopic cross universal coupling 7, a small belt wheel shaft 8, a T-shaped support plate 9, a square bearing seat spherical outside bearing 10, a small synchronous belt wheel 11, a synchronous belt 12, a large synchronous belt wheel 13, a shunting device 14 and a seed sowing device 15, wherein the small synchronous belt wheel 11 and the large synchronous belt wheel 12 are respectively installed and connected to two ends of the synchronous belt 12 in a transmission manner, a central hole of the large synchronous belt wheel 13 can be installed and connected to an input spline shaft of a seeder in a transmission manner, and a central hole of the small synchronous belt wheel 11 is installed and connected to the front end of the small belt wheel shaft 8 in a transmission manner; the small pulley shaft 8 is arranged on two square bearing seat spherical outside surface bearings 10, the axial position of the small pulley shaft is adjustable, the small pulley shaft is positioned by four jackscrews on the two square bearing seat spherical outside surface bearings 10 and penetrates through the central hole of the T-shaped support plate 9; the two square bearing seat spherical outside surface bearings 10; the two square bearing seat spherical outside surface bearings 10 are symmetrically installed and fixed on four kidney-shaped holes of the T-shaped supporting plate 9 through four sets of bolt pairs, and the installation positions can be adjusted up and down; the blowing and sucking dual-purpose axial flow fan 3 can be installed and fixed on a seeder frame through a bolt group, a power input shaft of the blowing and sucking dual-purpose axial flow fan is installed and connected to the rear end of the telescopic cross universal coupling 7 in a transmission mode, and the axial position of the blowing and sucking dual-purpose axial flow fan is positioned by a jackscrew at the rear end of the telescopic cross universal coupling 7; the rear ends of the two pagoda joints 4 are respectively fixed on a positive pressure port and a negative pressure port of the axial flow fan 3 for blowing and sucking by adopting threaded connection, and the front ends of the two pagoda joints are respectively communicated with the front ends of a negative pressure main pipe 5 and a positive pressure main pipe 6 by a hoop; the two shunting devices 14 can be installed and fixed on a seeder frame through bolt groups, the rear ends of the two shunting devices are respectively installed and communicated with the rear ends of the negative pressure main pipe 5 and the positive pressure main pipe 6 through hoops, and the front ends of the two shunting devices are respectively installed and communicated with the front ends of the 6 negative pressure pipes 2 and the 6 positive pressure pipes 1 through hoops; 6 15 accessible bolt groups of seed metering ware of group install and fix in seeder profile modeling monomer frame, its 6 negative pressure mouths and 6 malleation mouths install respectively through the clamp and communicate in the rear end of 6 negative pressure pipes 2 and 6 malleation pipes 1.
The threaded connection gaps of the two pagoda joints 4 are filled with threaded sealing strips, so that the whole sealing performance is ensured, and the detachable pagoda joints are detachable; 6 positive pressure pipes 1, 6 negative pressure pipes 2, pressure are responsible for 5 and are responsible for 6 and all adopt steel wire hose with the malleation, and the clamp at each kneck should have certain pretightning force in order to keep the leakproofness.
The positive and negative pipes 1, the negative pressure pipe 2 and the seed sowing device 15 of the positive and negative air pressure combined type seeder fan system are mutually matched in quantity, and the positive and negative air pressure is adjustable.
Specifically, in the invention, the small synchronous belt wheel (11) adopts circular arc teeth, the belt shape of the small synchronous belt wheel is 5M, the pitch of the small synchronous belt wheel is 5mm, and the number of teeth of the small synchronous belt wheel is 30; the large synchronous belt wheel (12) adopts circular arc teeth, the belt shape of the large synchronous belt wheel is 5M, the pitch is 5mm, and the number of teeth is 90; the transmission ratio of the small synchronous belt wheel (11) to the large synchronous belt wheel (12) is 3; the center distance between the small synchronous pulley (11) and the large synchronous pulley (12) can be adjusted along with the upper and lower positions of the two square bearing seat spherical bearing (10) arranged in the waist-shaped hole, the design is convenient for installing and disassembling the synchronous belt (12), the tension of the synchronous belt (12) is convenient to adjust, and the adjustment height difference is h.
The two square bearing seat outer spherical bearings (10) are of a structure type with a square bearing seat jackscrew outer spherical bearing, the parallelism of the axes of the small synchronous pulley (11) and the large synchronous pulley (12) can be adjusted through relative assembly positions, the number of the bearings is UCF206, the inner diameter of the bearings is 30mm, and the angle difference of the axis adjustment is 2 alpha.
The telescopic cross universal coupling (7) adopts a 12mm hexagonal telescopic rod, the maximum rotation angle of each section is 45 degrees, the minimum installation length is 290mm, and the stroke is 100 mm.
The blowing and sucking dual-purpose axial flow fan (3) can simultaneously provide positive and negative air pressure, the air volume is 200m3/h, the air pressure is 19kPa, the vacuum degree is-18 kPa, and the using air pressure is less than 13 kPa.
The pressure gauge (141) is an earthquake-proof radial vacuum negative pressure gauge, the measuring range is (-0.4-0) MPa, and the bottom interface is G1/2 pipe threads; the rear end threaded interface of the pagoda joint (142) is a G2 pipe thread; the maximum diameter of a pagoda at the front end of the pagoda joint (142) is 52mm, and a steel wire hose with the inner diameter of 50mm can be assembled; the four-way joint (143) comprises a main pipe barrel (1431) and a side pipe barrel (1432); the two side pipe barrels (1432) are respectively welded and fixed in the middle of the main pipe barrel (1431), and the central lines of the two side pipe barrels (1432) are mutually vertical; the front end and the rear end of the main pipe barrel (1431) are respectively provided with a section of G2 pipe internal thread, and the length of the pipe internal thread along the axial direction is 25 mm; the non-welding ends of the two side pipe barrels (1432) are respectively provided with a section of G1/2 pipe internal thread, and the length of the pipe internal thread along the axial direction is 10 mm; the threaded interface at the rear end of the graduated scale valve (144) is a G1/2 pipe thread; the structure form of the graduated scale valve (144) is a two-piece screw ball valve, and the opening adjusting range is (0-90 degrees); the base support (145) is a 90-degree bending piece, the upper end of the base support is provided with a through hole with the diameter of 59mm, the lower end of the base support is provided with three through holes with the diameter of 10mm, and connecting lines of the three through holes are in an isosceles triangle shape and are used for being installed and fixed on the rack; the rear end interface of the flow divider (146) is G2 pipe threads, and the length of the pipe threads along the axial direction is 20 mm; the rear end of the flow divider (146) is provided with six uniformly distributed inner connectors, and the sizes of the six uniformly distributed inner connectors are G1/2 inner pipe threads; the rear end threaded interface of the leather pipe joint (147) is a G3/4 pipe thread; the maximum diameter of a pagoda at the front end of the leather pipe joint (147) is 27mm, and a steel wire hose with the inner diameter of 25mm can be assembled; all the threaded connection gaps are filled with threaded sealing strips, so that the overall sealing performance is ensured, and the threaded connection gaps can be detached.
The type of the seed sowing device (15) is suitable for a one-device double-row pneumatic type oilseed-wheat dual-purpose precision seed sowing device (authorized bulletin number: CN 203537802U).
The threaded connection gaps of the two pagoda joints (4) are filled by adopting threaded sealing strips, so that the integral sealing performance is ensured, and the detachable pagoda joints are detachable; the 6 positive pressure pipes (1) and the 6 negative pressure pipes (2) adopt steel wire hoses with the inner diameter of 25mm, and a hoop at each interface should have a certain pretightening force to keep the sealing property; the negative pressure main pipe (5) and the positive pressure main pipe (6) adopt steel wire hoses with the inner diameter of 50mm, and the hoops at the joints should have certain pretightening force to keep the sealing performance.
When the synchronous belt pulley is used, the relative positions of the small synchronous belt pulley and the large synchronous belt pulley are adjusted according to the requirement of the assembly center distance. The tractor is started, and when the input spline shaft of the seeder rotates, the power of the tractor respectively passes through the large synchronous belt wheel 13, the synchronous belt 12, the small synchronous belt wheel 11 and the small belt wheel shaft 8 to the blowing and sucking dual-purpose axial flow fan 3. Positive air pressure and negative air pressure are simultaneously generated by the blowing and sucking dual-purpose axial flow fan 3, wherein the positive air pressure respectively enters positive pressure ports of 6 groups of seed metering devices 15 through a pagoda joint 4, a positive pressure main pipe 6, a flow dividing device 14 and a 6 positive pressure pipe 1; the negative pressure respectively enters the negative pressure ports of the 6 groups of seed metering devices 15 through the pagoda joint 4, the negative pressure main pipe 5, the flow dividing device 14 and the 6 negative pressure pipes 2. The tension of the synchronous belt 12 is adjusted according to the center distance between the small synchronous pulley 11 and the large synchronous pulley 12, and the center distance can be adjusted along with the vertical positions of the waist-shaped holes on which the two square bearing seat outer spherical bearings 10 are arranged. Meanwhile, the parallelism of the axes of the small synchronous pulley 11 and the large synchronous pulley 12 can be adjusted by the relative assembly positions of the spherical bearing outside the two square bearing seats 10.
The positive and negative air pressure combined type seeder fan system belongs to a key part of the seeder, and the quality of the working performance of the positive and negative air pressure combined type seeder fan system influences the field plant distribution condition after the operation of the seeder, and further influences the precision seeding planting benefit of a seeding object. The invention aims to explain the law of action by establishing a system working parameter model, and plan the parameters of the system to ensure that the system performance is optimal so as to provide theoretical reference for system component improvement. Tests show that the negative pressure pipe 2 in the system has larger influence than the positive pressure pipe 1, and the negative pressure pipe 2 is mainly tested to determine the pressure of the seed sowing device 15 and the branch performance of each negative pressure pipe 2. Wherein, the pressure and the flow are main performance parameters influencing the seeding effect of the system. The test process is as follows: the adjusting blowing and sucking dual-purpose axial flow fan 3 is connected with the seed metering device 15 through a leather pipe joint 147 of the flow dividing device 14, wherein the negative pressure flow of the seed metering device 15 can be changed by the size of the negative pressure pipe 2. The test is carried out by recording the displayed flow value by using a thermal type gas mass flowmeter (the model is WTG-RS, the manufacturer is Wuhan Tiangang scientific and technological development limited company, and the measurement precision is +/-1 percent) and reading the corresponding pressure value by using a U-shaped tube barometer, wherein the flow and pressure data obtained by the test are shown in a table a.
Meter a flow and pressure of seed sowing device
Regression analysis is carried out on the test data by using a unitary cubic polynomial, the fitting goodness R2 of the obtained regression equation is more than 0.99, the fitting expression is shown as the formula (1), and the fitting effect is shown as the figure 12. The formula (1) can be used as a conversion formula of pressure intensity and flow rate of each negative pressure branch gas transmission pipe of a subsequent pneumatic seeding system.
f1(q)＝0.3762q3-26.453q2+705.02q-5082.1 (1)
In the formula, q is the flow of the negative pressure branch gas pipe, (Nm)3) H; f1(q) is the pressure of the negative pressure branch gas pipe Pa.
The pressure test of the negative pressure branch negative pressure pipe 2 of the positive and negative pressure combined type seeder fan system is carried out on the seeder, in the test process, the pressure measurement principle structure diagram of each branch negative pressure pipe of the system is shown in figure 1, the rotating speed of the selected blowing and sucking dual-purpose axial flow fan 3 is shown in a table b, and the specific working process is as follows: and starting a control switch of the detection system, regulating and controlling the working frequency of the motor by a frequency converter to change the rotating speed of the axial flow fan 3 for blowing and sucking to a specified value, recording the rotating speed of the axial flow fan 3 for blowing and sucking by using a digital high-precision tachometer (the model is DM6234P +, the manufacturer is Shenzhen Shenli Gaoelectronics technology Limited, and the precision is +/-0.05%), and respectively measuring the pressure values of the air conveying pipes of the negative pressure branch circuits at corresponding rotating speeds by using a U-shaped pipe barometer.
Through the above test, the measured and recorded pressure of each negative pressure branch air pipe of the system at different rotating speeds of the axial flow fan 3 for blowing and sucking is shown in table b. FIG. 13 is a graph of fan speed versus pressure for each branch negative pressure line. It can be known from the figure that the pressure intensity of each branch of the system and the rotating speed of the axial flow fan 3 for blowing and sucking are approximately in a linear relationship, the pressure intensity of the negative pressure pipes of the No. 3 and No. 4 branches is stronger than that of the gas transmission pipes of other branches, and the pressure intensity values of the negative pressure pipes of the No. 1 and No. 2 branches, and the pressure intensity values of the negative pressure pipes of the No. 5 and No. 6 branches are similar.
Pressure test data of each branch gas pipe in table b
In the flow test process of the system, the flow of the negative pressure main pipe 5 of the system and the rotating speed of the axial flow fan 3 for blowing and sucking and the size of the negative pressure pipe 2 satisfy a regression model shown in the formula (2) (the value of | pr | > F is less than 0.01, and the fitting degree is 0.99).
f2(M,d)＝4.7×10-2M+1.29d-3×10-2d2+5.3×10-4Md (2)
In the formula: m is the rotating speed of the blowing and sucking dual-purpose axial flow fan 3, and r/min; d is the size of the negative pressure tube 2 and mm; f. of2For the main negative pressure pipe flow of the system, Nm3/h。
A contour plot of the model using MATLAB is shown in fig. 14.
As can be seen from fig. 14, the flow contour line of the negative pressure main pipe of the system is approximately parabolic, so when the flow of the negative pressure main pipe of the system is given to a certain value, the determined size of the negative pressure pipe 2 is present to minimize the rotating speed of the axial flow fan 3 for blowing and sucking, when the seeding objects are different, the required pressure is different, and the pressure of the seed sowing device 15 is changed by changing the rotating speed of the axial flow fan 3, so as to adapt to the precision seeding of different crop seeds.
The positive and negative air pressure combined type seeder fan system can provide positive air pressure and negative air pressure for 6 groups of seed sowing devices simultaneously. The T-shaped supporting plate with the waist-shaped hole is designed, the tensioning degree of the synchronous belt is controlled by adjusting the parallel position of the small belt pulley, the belt tensioning pulley is eliminated by the structure, the structure can be simplified, the quality of the whole machine is reduced, and the T-shaped supporting plate is convenient to adjust, install and disassemble. The belt wheel axis installation angle can be quickly adjusted by utilizing a T-shaped support plate double-bearing symmetrical configuration mode, the synchronous belt transmission installation precision is improved, the abrasion is reduced, and the service life and the reliability of a belt are improved. The telescopic cross universal coupling replaces an extension shaft to connect and transmit power to the blowing and sucking dual-purpose axial flow fan, the limitation of the installation position of each transmission device is removed, the blowing and sucking dual-purpose axial flow fan is convenient to install, disassemble and debug, the axial distance is adjustable, and the assembly space of other parts on the seeder is increased. The dual-purpose axial flow fan for blowing and sucking is matched with the negative pressure adjustable uniform flow distribution device of the one-in six-out seeder to respectively provide positive air pressure and negative air pressure for six groups of seeding devices, so that the uniform and stable distribution of the air pressure in each pipeline can be realized, and the miss-seeding rate of the seeder is reduced. The pipeline connection adopts the steel wire hose, the space can be effectively utilized by bending at any time, and the steel wire hose is not easy to block the pipeline due to closing under the action of negative air pressure. The key seed sowing part adopts a one-unit double-row pneumatic type oilseed wheat dual-purpose precision seed sowing device, and adopts the technical scheme that two sets of seed sowing mechanisms are additionally arranged on two sides of the air chamber respectively, so that the purpose of sowing two rows at one time is realized, the efficiency is improved, the structure is simplified, and the cost is reduced.
The above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and are not limited, and modifications or equivalent substitutions of the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention should be covered in the claims of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. The utility model provides a positive negative pressure combined type seeder fan system, includes positive pressure pipe (1), negative pressure pipe (2), dual-purpose axial fan (3) of pressure-vaccum, pagoda connects (4), negative pressure is responsible for (5), positive pressure is responsible for (6), scalable cross universal joint (7), little band pulley axle (8), T type backup pad (9), square bearing frame spherical outside surface bearing (10), little synchronous pulley (11), hold-in range (12), big synchronous pulley (13), diverging device (14) and seed metering ware (15), its characterized in that: the small synchronous belt wheel (11) and the large synchronous belt wheel (12) are respectively connected to two ends of the synchronous belt (12) in a transmission manner, wherein a central hole of the large synchronous belt wheel (13) is connected to an input spline shaft of the seeder in a transmission manner, and a central hole of the small synchronous belt wheel (11) is connected to the front end of the small belt wheel shaft (8) in a transmission manner; the small pulley shaft (8) is arranged on the two square bearing seat spherical outside surface bearings (10), the axial position of the small pulley shaft is adjustable, the small pulley shaft is positioned by four jackscrews on the two square bearing seat spherical outside surface bearings (10), and the small pulley shaft penetrates through a central hole of the T-shaped support plate (9); the two spherical outside surface bearings (10) of the square bearing seat are symmetrically arranged on four waist-shaped holes of the T-shaped supporting plate (9) through four bolt sets, and the mounting positions of the bearings can be adjusted up and down on the waist-shaped holes; the blowing and sucking dual-purpose axial flow fan (3) is installed on a seeder frame through a bolt set, a power input shaft of the blowing and sucking dual-purpose axial flow fan is installed and connected to the rear end of the telescopic cross universal coupling (7) in a transmission mode, and the axial position of the blowing and sucking dual-purpose axial flow fan is positioned by a jackscrew at the rear end of the telescopic cross universal coupling (7); the rear ends of the two pagoda joints (4) are respectively fixed on a positive pressure port and a negative pressure port of the blowing and sucking dual-purpose axial flow fan (3) through threaded connection, and the front ends of the pagoda joints (4) are respectively communicated with the front ends of the negative pressure main pipe (5) and the positive pressure main pipe (6) through hoops; the two shunting devices (14) are installed on a seeder frame through bolt sets, the rear ends of the shunting devices (14) are respectively installed and communicated with the rear ends of the negative pressure main pipe (5) and the positive pressure main pipe (6) through hoops, and the front ends of the shunting devices are respectively installed and communicated with the front ends of the 6 negative pressure pipes (2) and the 6 positive pressure pipes (1) through hoops; 6 groups the seed metering device (15) is fixed on the seeder profile modeling monomer frame through the installation of bolt group, and its 6 negative pressure mouths and 6 malleation mouths install respectively through the clamp and communicate in the rear end of 6 negative pressure pipes (2) and 6 malleation pipes (1).
2. The positive and negative air pressure combined seeder fan system according to claim 1, wherein: the center distance between the small synchronous pulley (11) and the large synchronous pulley (12) is adjusted along with the vertical position of the waist-shaped hole on which the two square bearing seat spherical outside bearings (10) are arranged, and the tension of the synchronous belt (12) can be adjusted.
3. The positive and negative air pressure combined seeder fan system according to claim 1, wherein: the two spherical outside surface bearings (10) of the square bearing seat are of a spherical outside surface bearing structure with a square bearing seat jackscrew, and the parallelism of the axes of the small synchronous belt pulley (11) and the large synchronous belt pulley (12) is adjusted through relative assembly positions.
4. The positive and negative air pressure combined seeder fan system according to claim 1, wherein: the telescopic cross universal coupling (7) adopts a hexagonal telescopic rod and can adapt to the adjustment of a certain installation angle and a certain installation distance.
5. The positive and negative air pressure combined seeder fan system according to claim 1, wherein: the blowing and sucking dual-purpose axial flow fan (3) can provide positive and negative air pressure simultaneously.
6. The positive and negative air pressure combined seeder fan system according to claim 1, wherein: the flow dividing device (14) is an one-inlet six-adjustable uniform flow dividing device and can be used for communicating and transmitting positive and negative air pressure.
7. The positive and negative air pressure combined seeder fan system according to claim 6, wherein: the flow dividing device (14) comprises a pressure gauge (141), a pagoda joint (142), a four-way joint (143), a scale valve (144), a base support (145), a flow divider (146) and a leather hose joint (147), wherein the pressure gauge (141) is in threaded connection with the top end of the four-way joint (143), the scale valve (144) is in threaded connection with the side end of the four-way joint (143), the rear end of the pagoda joint (142) is in threaded connection with the front end of the four-way joint (143), the rear end of the flow divider (146) is in threaded connection with the rear end of the four-way joint (143), a threaded interface of the rear end of the flow divider (146) penetrates through a mounting hole of the base support (145), the assembly positions of the flow divider (146) and the four-way joint (143) are clamped and fixed on the base support (145), and the leather hose joint (147) is in threaded connection with the corresponding threaded interface of the front end of the flow divider (146), the tower joint (142), the four-way joint (143), the flow divider (146) and the six leather pipe joints (147) form a through cavity, the four-way joint (143) comprises a main pipe barrel (1431) and side pipe barrels (1432), and the two side pipe barrels (1432) are respectively welded and fixed in the middle of the main pipe barrel (1431).
8. The positive and negative air pressure combined seeder fan system according to claim 1, wherein: the 6 positive pressure pipes (1), the 6 negative pressure pipes (2), the negative pressure main pipe (5) and the positive pressure main pipe (6) are all steel wire hoses, and a clamp at each interface has pretightening force to keep tightness.
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| CN202111537861.XA CN114208453A (en) | 2021-12-15 | 2021-12-15 | Positive and negative air pressure combined type seeder fan system |
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| CN202111537861.XA CN114208453A (en) | 2021-12-15 | 2021-12-15 | Positive and negative air pressure combined type seeder fan system |
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| CN114208453A true CN114208453A (en) | 2022-03-22 |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN114710997A (en) * | 2022-04-21 | 2022-07-08 | 黑龙江省众为农机有限公司 | Negative pressure controller for mechanical variable-frequency steering engine agricultural fan |
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