CN110603912B

CN110603912B - Broken soil preparation machine is picked up to biax differential roll-compaction formula soil block

Info

Publication number: CN110603912B
Application number: CN201910768752.5A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 王庆杰; 张立; 李洪文; 何进; 卢彩云; 董超
Original assignee: China Agricultural University
Current assignee: China Agricultural University
Priority date: 2019-08-20
Filing date: 2019-08-20
Publication date: 2022-03-08
Anticipated expiration: 2039-08-20
Also published as: CN110603912A

Abstract

The invention discloses a double-shaft differential rolling type soil block picking, crushing and soil preparation machine which consists of a rack, a traction hanging device, a soil shoveling device, a conveying and screening device, a differential crushing roller device, a pressing and leveling device and a transmission device, wherein the rack is provided with a plurality of rolling wheels; the front end of frame is installed to the traction hitch device, and the shovel native device is installed in the front end below of frame, carries the screening plant to install in the rear end of shovel native device, carries the export of screening plant and links up with the entry of differential crushing roller device, and the rear end in the frame is installed to differential crushing roller device, and the suppression is leveled the device and is installed in the frame below, and transmission gives the power transmission of tractor output and carries screening plant and differential crushing roller device. The soil preparation machine can crush the black soil blocks of the sand ginger, so that the hardening condition of the black soil of the sand ginger is effectively improved, and the yield of a low-yield field in the black soil of the sand ginger is increased. The soil preparation machine has simple and compact structure and high working efficiency, and is suitable for being popularized and used in the sand ginger black soil area.

Description

Broken soil preparation machine is picked up to biax differential roll-compaction formula soil block

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural machinery, and particularly relates to a double-shaft differential rolling type soil block picking, crushing and soil preparation machine.

Background

The black sand ginger soil is a semi-hydrated soil widely distributed in the south of the plain of Huang-Huai-Hai in China, has the characteristics of stiffness, strong expansibility, high hardening tendency, poor air permeability and low soil water storage capacity, and is easy to cause drought and waterlogging disasters due to uneven rainfall all year around in the black sand ginger soil area. The area of the black soil region of the sand ginger shared in China is about 4700 ten thousand mu, the area of the black soil of the sand ginger distributed on Huang-Huai-Hai plain accounts for about two thirds of the area of the black soil of the sand ginger distributed in China, and the black soil is mainly distributed in Anhui and Henan. The sand ginger black soil is a main reason for restricting grain yield increase in the farmland and causing low yield in the farmland, and attention is paid to agricultural development in the sand ginger black soil area as an important ring of agricultural sustainable development in China.

In recent decades, through reasonable planting, the crop yield in the black soil area of the sand ginger is remarkably increased, but the black soil of the sand ginger is easy to harden, and the physicochemical property of hard soil is not fundamentally changed. Particularly, after a large amount of rainfall is evaporated in summer, the farmland soil is hardened and hard. In agricultural operation, farmers generally adopt rotary cultivators to operate before sowing wheat in autumn, the rotary cultivators can only break the surface soil into large soil blocks, and the soil blocks are easy to bounce off when being further broken and can not be effectively broken, so that a large amount of unbroken hard soil blocks can be left in the farmlands. The soil blocks can not only increase the resistance of the agricultural implement to the ground during operation and damage the agricultural implement, but also directly influence the quality of wheat seeding in autumn. In addition, soil blocks can enter seed ditches along with ditching and soil returning, and the soil blocks press seeds to cause difficult or even impossible emergence of seedlings, so that a more obvious seedling pressing phenomenon occurs; when the seeds are sown on or near the soil blocks, the extension resistance of the root systems of the seeds is increased, and the germination and growth of the seeds are influenced.

Aiming at the special soil of the sand ginger black soil, the yield of crops can not be ensured by the common rotary tillage operation. Therefore, a machine capable of effectively crushing the hard and easily hardened sand ginger black soil is urgently needed to be developed, so that the hardening condition of the sand ginger black soil is effectively improved, and the yield of low-yield fields in the sand ginger black soil is increased.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to design a double-shaft differential rolling type soil block picking and crushing soil preparation machine which can effectively crush the hard and easily hardened sand ginger black soil, so that the hardening condition of the sand ginger black soil is effectively improved, and the yield of low-yield fields in the sand ginger black soil is increased.

The technical scheme of the invention is that a double-shaft differential rolling type soil block picking, crushing and soil preparation machine is composed of a frame 1, a traction hanging device 2, a soil shoveling device 3, a conveying and screening device 4, a differential crushing roller device 5, a pressing and leveling device 6 and a transmission device 7; the traction hanging device 2 is installed at the front end of the frame 1, the soil shoveling device 3 is installed below the front end of the frame 1, the conveying screening device 4 is installed at the rear end of the soil shoveling device 3, an outlet of the conveying screening device 4 is connected with an inlet of the differential crushing roller device 5, the differential crushing roller device 5 is installed at the rear end of the frame 1, the rolling flattening device 6 is installed below the frame 1, and the transmission device 7 transmits power output by the tractor to the conveying screening device 4 and the differential crushing roller device 5;

the frame 1 is composed of a left side plate 101, a left side rear plate 102, a right side plate 103, a right side rear plate 104, a rear soil retaining plate 105, a support plate 106, reinforcing ribs 107, two pull rods 108, a pull plate 109, a left traction plate 110, a right traction plate 111, a walking fixing pipe 112, a support pipe 113, a connecting pipe 114 and a reinforcing pipe 115; the left side plate 101 and the right side plate 103 are irregular pentagons, wherein the upper edge and two adjacent edges are folded outwards twice, the bottom edge is folded outwards once, reinforcing ribs 107 are welded on the bottom edge, the bottom edge is inclined towards the back upper side, and the left side plate 101 and the right side plate 103 are symmetrically distributed along the vertical plane of the center of the rack; a left rear plate 102 and a right rear plate 104 are welded to the rear of the left side plate 101 and the right side plate 103, respectively; a rear retaining plate 105 is welded to the rear between the left rear plate 102 and the right rear plate 104; the upper edges of the left side plate 101 and the right side plate 103 are respectively welded with a support plate 106, the two ends of two pull rods 108 are respectively welded with a pull plate 109, one ends of the two pull rods 108 are respectively fixedly connected with the support plate 106, and the other ends of the two pull rods 108 are connected with the traction hanging device 2; the left traction plate 110 is welded in the front of the left side plate 101, the right traction plate 111 is welded in the front of the right side plate 103, the upper ends of the left traction plate 110 and the right traction plate 111 are circular, and the lower ends of the left traction plate 110 and the right traction plate 111 are provided with installation bevel edges; the walking fixing pipe 112, the supporting pipe 113 and the connecting pipe 114 form a pressing leveling device bracket, and the pressing leveling device bracket is welded at the bottom of the rack 1; the reinforcing pipe 115 is used for reinforcing the connection of the frame 1;

the traction hitch device 2 is composed of a main beam pipe 201, a gearbox base 202, a lower traction plate 203, reinforcing ribs 204, an upper traction frame 205, an upper traction plate 206 and an upper cover plate 207; two ends of a main beam pipe 201 are respectively welded at the circular positions of the upper parts of the left traction plate 110 and the right traction plate 111, a gearbox seat 202 is welded at the middle part of the main beam pipe 201, and 4 lower traction plates 203 and 4 reinforcing ribs 204 are symmetrically welded at two sides of the main beam pipe 201; the upper traction frame 205 is a trapezoidal rod piece and is symmetrically welded on the inner lower traction plate 203 and the reinforcing ribs 204, two upper traction plates 206 are symmetrically welded right above the upper traction frame 205, and an upper cover plate 207 is welded above the upper traction plates 206;

the shoveling device 3 consists of a shoveling plate 301, a reinforcing pipe 302 and a reinforcing rib 303; the shoveling plate 301 is a rectangular plate and is arranged on the installation oblique edges at the lower ends of the left traction plate 110 and the right traction plate 111, the reinforcing pipe 302 is welded below the shoveling plate 301, two ends of the reinforcing pipe 302 are respectively connected with the lower ends of the left traction plate 110 and the right traction plate 111, and the reinforcing ribs 303 are welded between the shoveling plate 301 and the reinforcing pipe 302;

the conveying and screening device 4 is composed of two conveying chains 401, a chain rod 402, a flat chain plate 403, a right-angle chain plate 404, a driven chain wheel shaft 405, a bearing seat I406, a chain wheel 407, a driving chain wheel shaft 408, a bearing seat 409 with an adjusting plate, a right belt pulley II 410, a transmission chain wheel I411, an adjusting seat 412, an adjusting screw 413 and a fixed seat 414; each section of outer chain plate of the conveying chain 401 is provided with a connecting bracket, a chain rod 402 is connected with the connecting bracket of the conveying chain 401 through a bolt, so that two conveying chains 401 are connected into a conveying chain row through the chain rod 402, and flat chain plates 403 and right-angle chain plates 404 are alternately fixed on the chain rod 402 on the conveying chain row at intervals; two ends of a driven chain wheel shaft 405 are mounted below the front end of a rack 1 behind a soil shoveling device 3 through bearing seats I406, two ends of a driving chain wheel shaft 408 are mounted on the rack 1 through bearing seats 409 with adjusting plates, the driving chain wheel shaft 408 is positioned above the rear part of the driven chain wheel shaft 405, two chain wheels 407 are mounted between the driving chain wheel shaft 408 and the driven chain wheel shaft 405 respectively, and a conveying chain row is mounted on the chain wheels 407 to incline the conveying chain row to the upper rear part; a right belt pulley II 410 is arranged on the shaft end of the right side of the driving sprocket shaft 408 extending out of the rack 1, a transmission sprocket I411 is arranged on the shaft end of the left side of the driving sprocket shaft 408 extending out of the rack 1, and the driving sprocket shaft 408 enables the upper surface of the conveying chain row to move backwards and upwards; the fixed seat 414 is installed on the machine frame 1, the adjusting seat 412 is installed on the adjusting plate with the adjusting plate bearing seat 409, one end of the adjusting screw 413 is installed on the adjusting seat 412 through a pin, and the other end of the adjusting screw 413 is installed on the fixed seat 414 through a nut;

the differential crushing roller device 5 is composed of a front crushing roller 501, a bearing seat II 502, a rear crushing roller 503, a bearing seat 504 with a rocker plate, an adjusting rod hinged support 505, an adjusting rod fixing seat 506, an adjusting rod 507, an adjusting spring 508, an adjusting nut 509, a front soil blocking plate 510, a transmission chain wheel II 511 and two transmission chain wheels III 512; two ends of the front crushing roller 501 are arranged at the rear end of the frame 1 by bearing blocks II 502; two ends of the rear crushing roller 503 are mounted on the frame 1 behind the front crushing roller 501 by bearing seats 504 with rocker plates; a rocker center hole is formed in a bearing seat 504 with a rocker plate, the rocker center hole is installed on a bearing seat VI 707 at two ends of a middle rotating shaft 706, the bearing seat 504 with the rocker plate can swing in an arc-shaped groove of a rack 1 around the bearing seat VI 707, an adjusting rod hinged support 505 is installed on the rear side edge of the bearing seat 504 with the rocker plate, the front end of an adjusting rod 507 is installed on the adjusting rod hinged support 505 through a pin shaft, an adjusting rod fixing seat 506 is fixed on the rack 1, the rear end of the adjusting rod 507 penetrates through the adjusting rod fixing seat 506, an adjusting spring 508 is sleeved on the adjusting rod 507 between the adjusting rod hinged support 505 and the adjusting rod fixing seat 506, and the rear end of the adjusting rod 507 is provided with threads and is provided with an adjusting nut 509; the front retaining plate 510 is positioned at the front upper part of the front crushing roller 501 and is obliquely arranged on the frame 1; a transmission chain wheel II 511 is arranged on the shaft end of the left side of the front crushing roller 501 extending out of the rack 1, and a transmission chain wheel III 512 is arranged on the shaft end of the left side and the right side of the rear crushing roller 503 extending out of the rack 1;

the pressing and flattening device 6 is composed of a pressing wheel 601, a pressing wheel shaft 602 and a bearing seat III 603; the press wheel 601 is arranged on a press wheel shaft 602, and two ends of the press wheel shaft 602 are arranged on the walking fixed pipe 112 by a bearing seat III 603;

the transmission device 7 is composed of a gearbox 701, a gearbox output shaft 702, a bearing seat IV 703, an intermediate shaft 704, a bearing seat V705, a middle rotating shaft 706, a bearing seat VI 707, a right belt pulley I708, a right belt 709, a transmission chain I710, a left belt pulley I711, a left belt pulley II 712, a left belt 713, a transmission chain wheel IV 714, four reversing chain wheels 715, a reversing transmission chain 716, a transmission chain wheel V717, a transmission chain wheel VI 718, a transmission chain II 719, two transmission chain wheels VII 720 and two transmission chain wheels III 721; the gearbox 701 is arranged on a gearbox seat 202 on the traction hitch device 2, and two ends of a gearbox output shaft 702 are arranged on the frame 1 through bearing seats IV 703; two ends of the intermediate shaft 704 are mounted on the rack 1 through a bearing seat V705, and a transmission chain wheel IV 714 and a left belt pulley II 712 are sequentially mounted on the shaft end, extending out of the rack 1, on the left side of the intermediate shaft 704 from inside to outside; two ends of the middle rotating shaft 706 are mounted on the rack 1 through a bearing block VI 707, the shaft ends of the left side and the right side of the middle rotating shaft 706, which extend out of the rack 1, are provided with a transmission chain wheel VII 720, and the outer side of the transmission chain wheel VII 720 on the right side of the middle rotating shaft 706 is provided with a transmission chain wheel VI 718; a right belt pulley I708 is mounted on the shaft end, extending out of the rack 1, of the right side of the output shaft 702 of the gearbox, the right belt pulley I708 is in transmission with a right belt pulley II 410 on a driving chain wheel shaft 408 of the conveying and screening device 4 through a right belt 709, and a transmission chain wheel I411 on the left side of the driving chain wheel shaft 408 is in transmission with a transmission chain wheel II 511 on the left side of a front crushing roller 501 of the differential crushing roller device 5 through a transmission chain I710; the left side of the output shaft 702 of the gearbox extends out of the rack 1 and is provided with a left belt pulley I711, the left belt pulley I711 is in transmission with a left belt pulley II 712 on the left side of an intermediate shaft 704 extending out of the rack 1 through a left belt 713, a transmission chain wheel IV 714 arranged on the left side of the intermediate shaft 704 extending out of the rack 1 drives the outer side of a reversing transmission chain 716, the reversing transmission chain 716 is supported by the inner sides of four reversing chain wheels 715 arranged on the rack 1, the four reversing chain wheels 715 are arranged around the intermediate shaft 704, output chain wheels in the four reversing chain wheels 715 are coaxially and fixedly connected with a transmission chain wheel V717, the transmission chain wheel V717 is in transmission with a transmission chain wheel VI 718 on the left side of the intermediate rotating shaft 706 through a transmission chain II 719 to drive transmission chain wheels VII 720 coaxially fixed on the left side and the right side of the intermediate rotating shaft 706 extending out of the rack 1 to rotate, and the transmission chain wheels VII 720 are in transmission with transmission chain III 721 on the left side and right side and left side of a rear crushing roller 503 of the differential crushing roller device 5 extending out of the rack 1 through a transmission chain III 512, the direction of rotation of the rear crushing roller 503 is opposite to the direction of rotation of the front crushing roller 501, and the front crushing roller 501 and the rear crushing roller 503 rotate from top to bottom in opposite directions.

The included angle between the bottom edges of the left side plate 101 and the right side plate 103 of the rack 1 and the horizontal plane is 15-30 degrees.

The clearance between the flat chain plate 403 and the right-angle chain plate 404 in the conveying and screening device 4 is 8-15 mm; the included angle between the conveying chain row and the horizontal plane is 15-30 degrees; the maximum rotational speed of the drive sprocket shaft 408 is 345 rpm.

The diameters of the front crushing roller 501 and the rear crushing roller 503 of the differential crushing roller device 5 are the same, the lengths of the front crushing roller 501 and the rear crushing roller 503 are the same, and the hobbing shapes and the number of the hobbing are the same.

The diameter of the front crushing roller 501 and the diameter of the rear crushing roller 503 are 180 mm, the length of the front crushing roller is 1550 mm, the hobbing is a cuboid with the length of 1550 mm, the width of 20 mm and the height of 10 mm, and the number of the hobbing on each roller is 12-16.

The gap between the front crushing roller 501 and the rear crushing roller 503 is 8-20 mm.

The rotational speed of the rear crushing roller 503 is greater than the rotational speed of the front crushing roller 501, the maximum rotational speed of the front crushing roller 501 is 632 rpm, and the maximum rotational speed of the rear crushing roller 503 is 739 rpm.

The diameter of the press wheel 601 is 280 mm, the surface is smooth, and the length is 1550 mm.

The bottommost surface of the press wheel 601 is on the same horizontal plane with the soil surface after the soil shoveled by the soil shoveling plate 301.

The double-shaft differential rolling type soil block picking, crushing and soil preparation machine provided by the invention has the following advantages:

1. when the double-shaft differential rolling type soil block picking, crushing and soil preparation machine provided by the invention works in a traveling mode, hard and hardened black sand ginger soil on the surface of a farmland can be shoveled into the conveying and screening device by the soil shoveling device, the black sand ginger soil is screened in the conveying and screening device, the screened black sand ginger soil blocks larger than 10 mm are conveyed into the differential crushing roller device, the black sand ginger soil blocks are crushed by the front crushing roller and the rear crushing roller, the black sand ginger soil blocks are smaller than 10 mm, and the crushed black sand ginger soil falls back to the surface of the farmland, so that the hardening condition of the black sand ginger soil is effectively improved, and the yield of low-yield fields in the black sand ginger soil is increased.

2. The double-shaft differential rolling type soil block picking, crushing and soil preparation machine provided by the invention is simple and compact in structure, high in working efficiency and suitable for being popularized and used in sand ginger black soil areas.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a three-dimensional structure of a double-shaft differential rolling type picking-up crushing soil preparation machine

FIG. 2 is a schematic perspective view of the frame and the transmission device on the left side of the frame

FIG. 3 is a schematic perspective view of the traction device

FIG. 4 is a schematic perspective view of the power shovel and the right transmission of the frame

FIG. 5 is a schematic perspective view of a conveyor screen chain row

FIG. 6 is a perspective view of a passive sprocket shaft assembly

FIG. 7 is a perspective view of a drive sprocket shaft assembly

FIG. 8 is a schematic perspective view of the differential crushing roller assembly and the roller leveler (shown without the left side plate and the left rear plate)

FIG. 9 is a second schematic perspective view of the differential crushing roller device and the compacting and leveling device

FIG. 10 is a schematic perspective view of a left transmission system of the rack

The reference numbers in the figures illustrate:

1. the device comprises a frame, 2 parts of a traction hanging device, 3 parts of a soil shoveling device, 4 parts of a conveying screening device, 5 parts of a differential crushing roller device, 6 parts of a pressing leveling device, 7 parts of a transmission device,

101. Left side plate, 102 left side back plate, 103 right side plate, 104 right side back plate, 105 rear earth retaining plate, 106 support plate, 107 reinforcing rib, 108 pull rod, 109 pull plate, 110 left traction plate, 111 right traction plate, 112 walking fixing pipe, 113 support pipe, 114 connecting pipe

201. Main beam pipe, 202, gearbox seat, 203, lower traction plate, 204, reinforcing rib, 205, upper traction frame, 206, upper traction plate, 207, upper cover plate

301. Shoveling plate, 302 reinforcing pipes, 303 reinforcing ribs

401. Conveying chain, 402 chain rods, 403 flat chain plates, 404 right-angle chain plates, 405 driven chain wheel shafts, 406 bearing seats I, 407 chain wheels, 408 driving chain wheel shafts, 409 bearing seats with adjusting plates, 410 right belt wheels, II, 411 driving chain wheels I, 412 adjusting seats, 413 adjusting screw rods, 414 fixing seats

501. The crushing roller comprises a front crushing roller body, 502 bearing seats II and 503, a rear crushing roller body, 504 bearing seats with rocker plates, 505 adjusting rod hinged supports, 506 adjusting rod fixing seats, 507 adjusting rods, 508 adjusting springs, 509 adjusting nuts, 510 front retaining plates, 511 transmission chain wheels II and 512 transmission chain wheels III

601. Press wheel, 602 press wheel shaft, 603 bearing seat, III, 112 walking fixing pipe, 113 connecting pipe

701. The transmission comprises a transmission case 702, a transmission case output shaft 703, bearing blocks IV, 704, an intermediate shaft 705, bearing blocks V, 706, a middle rotating shaft 707, bearing blocks VI, 708, right belt pulleys I, 709, a right belt, 710, a transmission chain I, 711, left belt pulleys I, 712, left belt pulleys II, 713, a left belt, 714, transmission chain wheels IV, 715, reversing chain wheels 716, reversing transmission chains 717, transmission chain wheels V, 718, transmission chain wheels VI, 719, transmission chain wheels II, 720, transmission chain wheels VII, 721 and a transmission chain III

Detailed Description

In order to make the implementation objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. It should be emphasized that the following description is merely exemplary in nature and is not intended to limit the scope of the invention or its application.

Examples

A double-shaft differential rolling type picking crushing soil preparation machine according to the embodiment is shown in fig. 1 to fig. 10.

As shown in fig. 1, the double-shaft differential rolling type picking-up, crushing and soil preparation machine according to the embodiment is composed of a frame 1, a traction hanging device 2, a soil shoveling device 3, a conveying and screening device 4, a differential crushing roller device 5, a rolling and leveling device 6 and a transmission device 7; the traction hitch device 2 is arranged at the front end of the frame 1 and is used for being hitched with a traction tractor; the soil shoveling device 3 is arranged below the front end of the frame 1 and is used for shoveling the sand ginger black soil on the surface of the farmland, and the soil shoveling device 3 shovels the sand ginger black soil into the soil layer by about 80 mm when in work; the conveying and screening device 4 is arranged at the rear end of the soil shoveling device 3 and is used for screening the shoveled sand ginger black soil, an outlet of the conveying and screening device 4 is connected with an inlet of the differential crushing roller device 5, and sand ginger black soil blocks larger than 10 mm after being screened are conveyed into the differential crushing roller device 5; the differential crushing roller device 5 is arranged at the rear end of the frame 1 and is used for crushing the sand ginger black soil blocks to ensure that the sand ginger black soil blocks are smaller than 10 mm, and the crushed sand ginger black soil uniformly falls back to the ground surface of a farmland; the pressing and leveling device 6 is arranged below the rack 1 and used for compacting soil after shoveling soil, then crushed black sand ginger soil is uniformly sprinkled on the surface of the compacted soil, the bottommost part of the pressing and leveling device 6 and the surface of the soil after shoveling soil are on the same horizontal plane, and the pressing and leveling device 6 is also a travelling device of the soil preparation machine; the transmission device 7 transmits the power output by the tractor to the conveying screening device 4 and the differential crushing roller device 5.

As shown in fig. 2, the frame 1 is composed of a left side plate 101, a left side rear plate 102, a right side plate 103, a right side rear plate 104, a rear soil guard plate 105, a support plate 106, a reinforcing rib 107, two tie rods 108, a tie plate 109, a left traction plate 110, a right traction plate 111, a walking fixing pipe 112, a support pipe 113, a connecting pipe 114 and a reinforcing pipe 115; the left side plate 101 and the right side plate 103 are irregular pentagons, wherein the upper edge and two adjacent edges are folded outwards twice, and the bottom edge is folded outwards once, so that the strength of the rack 1 is increased; a reinforcing rib 107 is welded on the bottom edge, the bottom edge inclines towards the back upper part, and the bottom edge forms about 20 degrees with the horizontal plane; the left side plate 101 and the right side plate 103 are symmetrically distributed along a vertical plane at the center of the rack, and the distance between the left side plate 101 and the right side plate 103 is 1562 mm; a left rear plate 102 and a right rear plate 104 are welded to the rear of the left side plate 101 and the right side plate 103, respectively; a rear retaining plate 105 is welded to the rear between the left rear plate 102 and the right rear plate 104, the rear retaining plate 105 being a thin plate having a certain thickness and divided into three pieces for preventing soil particles from splashing when the soil blocks are crushed; the upper edges of the left side plate 101 and the right side plate 103 are respectively welded with a support plate 106, the two ends of two pull rods 108 are respectively welded with a pull plate 109, one ends of the two pull rods 108 are respectively fixedly connected with the support plate 106, and the other ends of the two pull rods 108 are connected with the traction hanging device 2; the left traction plate 110 is welded in the front of the left side plate 101, the right traction plate 111 is welded in the front of the right side plate 103, the upper ends of the left traction plate 110 and the right traction plate 111 are circular, and the lower ends of the left traction plate 110 and the right traction plate 111 are provided with installation bevel edges; the walking fixing pipe 112, the supporting pipe 113 and the connecting pipe 114 form a pressing leveling device bracket, and the pressing leveling device bracket is welded at the bottom of the rack 1; the reinforcement pipe 115 is used to reinforce the connection of the frame 1.

As shown in fig. 3, the traction hitch 2 is composed of a main beam tube 201, a transmission housing 202, a lower traction plate 203, a reinforcing rib 204, an upper traction frame 205, an upper traction plate 206 and an upper cover plate 207; two ends of a main beam pipe 201 are respectively welded at the circular positions of the upper parts of the left traction plate 110 and the right traction plate 111, a gearbox seat 202 is welded at the middle part of the main beam pipe 201, and 4 lower traction plates 203 and 4 reinforcing ribs 204 are symmetrically welded at two sides of the main beam pipe 201; the upper traction frame 205 is a trapezoidal rod and is symmetrically welded on the inner lower traction plate 203 and the reinforcing ribs 204, two upper traction plates 206 are symmetrically welded right above the upper traction frame 205, and an upper cover plate 207 is welded above the upper traction plates 206.

As shown in fig. 4, the shovel device 3 is composed of a shovel plate 301, a reinforcing pipe 302 and a reinforcing rib 303; the shovel board 301 is a rectangular board, is a steel plate with the length of about 1570 mm, the width of about 180 mm and the thickness of about 10 mm, is arranged on the installation oblique edges at the lower ends of the left traction board 110 and the right traction board 111, forms about 20 degrees with the horizontal plane, and can penetrate into the soil layer to reach 80-100 mm when working under the traction of a tractor; the reinforcing pipe 302 is welded below the shovel plate 301, two ends of the reinforcing pipe 302 are respectively connected with the lower ends of the left traction plate 110 and the right traction plate 111, and the reinforcing ribs 303 are welded between the shovel plate 301 and the reinforcing pipe 302.

As shown in fig. 5 to 7, the conveying and screening device 4 is composed of two conveying chains 401, a chain rod 402, a flat chain plate 403, a right-angle chain plate 404, a driven chain wheel shaft 405, a bearing seat i 406, a chain wheel 407, a driving chain wheel shaft 408, a bearing seat 409 with an adjusting plate, a right belt pulley ii 410, a driving chain wheel i 411, an adjusting seat 412, an adjusting screw 413 and a fixed seat 414; each section of outer chain plate of the conveying chain 401 is provided with a connecting bracket, the connecting bracket is that the outer chain plate of the conveying chain 401 is provided with an edge which is turned over outwards by 90 degrees and is provided with a connecting hole, two ends of a chain rod 402 are provided with connecting holes, the chain rod 402 is connected with the connecting bracket of the conveying chain 401 by bolts, so that two conveying chains 401 are connected into a conveying chain row by the chain rod 402; flat chain plates 403 and right-angle chain plates 404 are alternately fixed on chain rods 402 on the conveying chain row at intervals, the flat chain plates 403 are rectangular steel plates with the thickness of 5mm, the right-angle chain plates 404 are formed by bending two flat chain plates 403 at right angles, and the gap between the flat chain plates 403 and the right-angle chain plates 404 is about 10 mm; the two ends of a driven chain wheel shaft 405 are arranged below the front end of a frame 1 behind the soil shoveling device 3 through bearing seats I406, the two ends of a driving chain wheel shaft 408 are arranged on the frame 1 through bearing seats 409 with adjusting plates, the bearing seats 409 with the adjusting plates are provided with adjusting plates, the adjusting plates are provided with mounting holes and are arranged on long mounting holes on the frame 1 through bolts, and by utilizing the long mounting holes, the distance between the driving chain wheel shaft 408 and the driven chain wheel shaft 405 can be adjusted to tension the conveying chain row, the driving chain wheel shaft 408 is positioned at the rear upper part of the driven chain wheel shaft 405, two chain wheels 407 are respectively arranged between the driving chain wheel shaft 408 and the driven chain wheel shaft 405, the conveying chain row is arranged on the chain wheels 407 to enable the conveying chain row to incline towards the rear upper part, the included angle between the conveying chain row and the horizontal plane is 25 degrees, the conveying chain row is used for screening the shoveled sand ginger black soil, and conveying the screened sand ginger black soil blocks larger than 10 mm to the differential crushing roller device 5; the right belt pulley II 410 is installed on the shaft end, extending out of the rack 1, of the right side of the driving sprocket shaft 408, the transmission sprocket I411 is installed on the shaft end, extending out of the rack 1, of the left side of the driving sprocket shaft 408, the maximum rotating speed of the driving sprocket shaft 408 is 345 rpm, and the driving sprocket shaft 408 enables the upper surface of the conveying chain row to move backwards and upwards. The fixing seat 414 is installed on the machine frame 1, the adjusting seat 412 is installed on the adjusting plate with the adjusting plate bearing seat 409, one end of the adjusting screw 413 is installed on the adjusting seat 412 through a pin, the other end of the adjusting screw 413 is installed on the fixing seat 414 through a nut and used for adjusting the position of the adjusting plate bearing seat 409 and tensioning the conveying chain row. In practical design, the pitch circle diameters of the two sprockets 407 respectively mounted on the driving sprocket shaft 408 and the driven sprocket shaft 405 can be equal or unequal, and can be adjusted according to use requirements.

As shown in fig. 8, the differential crushing roller device 5 is composed of a front crushing roller 501, a bearing seat ii 502, a rear crushing roller 503, a bearing seat 504 with a rocker plate, an adjusting rod hinged support 505, an adjusting rod fixing seat 506, an adjusting rod 507, an adjusting spring 508, an adjusting nut 509, a front soil baffle 510, a driving chain wheel ii 511 and two driving chain wheels iii 512; two ends of the front crushing roller 501 are arranged at the rear end of the frame 1 by bearing blocks II 502; the two ends of a rear crushing roller 503 are mounted on a rack 1 behind a front crushing roller 501 through bearing seats 504 with rocker plates, the diameters of the front crushing roller 501 and the rear crushing roller 503 are 180 mm, the lengths of the front crushing roller 501 and the rear crushing roller 503 are 1550 mm, hobbing is welded on the hobbing surfaces of the front crushing roller 501 and the rear crushing roller 503, the hobbing is cuboid with the length of 1550 mm, the width of 20 mm and the height of 10 mm, and the number of the hobbing on each roller is 13; the bearing seat 504 with the rocker plate is provided with a rocker center hole, the rocker center hole is arranged on a bearing seat VI 707 at two ends of a middle rotating shaft 706, the bearing seat 504 with the rocker plate can swing in an arc-shaped groove (as shown in figure 9) of a frame 1 around the bearing seat VI 707, the rear side edge of the bearing seat 504 with the rocker plate is provided with an adjusting rod hinged support 505, the front end of the adjusting rod 507 is arranged on the adjusting rod hinged support 505 through a pin shaft, an adjusting rod fixing seat 506 is fixed on the frame 1, the rear end of the adjusting rod 507 passes through the adjusting rod fixing seat 506, an adjusting spring 508 is sleeved on the adjusting rod 507 between the adjusting rod hinged support 505 and the adjusting rod fixing seat 506, the rear end of the adjusting rod 507 is provided with a thread and is provided with an adjusting nut 509, in order to ensure that the diameter of crushed soil blocks can be not more than 10 mm, the gap between the front crushing roller 501 and the rear crushing roller 503 is about 15mm, when non-crushed stones enter between the front crushing roller 501 and the rear crushing roller 503, the rear crushing roller 503 swings backwards to compress the adjusting spring 508, when the stone is discharged, the adjusting spring 508 rebounds, and the rear crushing roller 503 restores to the original position, thereby effectively protecting the front crushing roller 501 and the rear crushing roller 503; the front soil retaining plate 510 is positioned at the front upper part of the front crushing roller 501, is obliquely arranged on the frame 1 and is used for preventing soil blocks from splashing everywhere; a transmission chain wheel II 511 is arranged on the shaft end of the left side of the front crushing roller 501 extending out of the rack 1, and a transmission chain wheel III 512 is arranged on the shaft end of the left side and the right side of the rear crushing roller 503 extending out of the rack 1; in order to ensure that the front crushing roller 501 and the rear crushing roller 503 can generate mutual extrusion crushing of soil blocks, when viewed from the left side of the frame 1, the front crushing roller 501 rotates clockwise, the rear crushing roller 503 rotates counterclockwise, and simultaneously, in order to ensure that the soil blocks conveyed by the conveying and screening device 4 can be timely crushed when falling from a high place to the crushing rollers, the two crushing rollers adopt a differential speed setting working mode, the rotating speed of the rear crushing roller 503 is greater than that of the front crushing roller 501, so that the soil blocks with initial speed can be timely rolled into the crushing rollers for crushing, when in actual work, the rotating speed of the rear crushing roller 503 is greater than that of the front crushing roller 501, the maximum rotating speed of the front crushing roller 501 is 632 revolutions per minute, and the maximum rotating speed of the rear crushing roller 503 is 739 revolutions per minute.

As shown in fig. 9, the press leveling device 6 is composed of a press wheel 601, a press wheel shaft 602, and a bearing seat iii 603; the press wheel 601 is arranged on a press wheel shaft 602, two ends of the press wheel shaft 602 are arranged on the walking fixing pipe 112 through bearing seats III 603, and the bearing seats III 603 are shaft sleeve bearings; the diameter of the press wheel 601 is 280 mm, the surface is smooth, the length is 1550 mm, and the press wheel 601 is also a traveling wheel of the land preparation machine; the bottommost surface of the press wheel 601 and the soil surface behind the shoveling of the shoveling plate 301 are on the same horizontal plane, so that the soil surface behind the shoveling can be compacted, the soil structure of 'upper virtual and lower real' is formed, and the growth of crops is facilitated.

As shown in fig. 10, the transmission system 7 is composed of a transmission case 701, a transmission case output shaft 702, a bearing seat iv 703, an intermediate shaft 704, a bearing seat v 705, an intermediate rotating shaft 706, a bearing seat vi 707, a right belt pulley i 708, a right belt 709, a transmission chain i 710, a left belt pulley i 711, a left belt pulley ii 712, a left belt 713, a transmission chain wheel iv 714, four reversing chain wheels 715, a reversing transmission chain 716, a transmission chain wheel v 717, a transmission chain wheel vi 718, a transmission chain ii 719, two transmission chain wheels vii 720 and two transmission chains iii 721; the gearbox 701 is arranged on a gearbox seat 202 on the traction hitch device 2, the gearbox 701 is a worm gear gearbox, the input end of the gearbox is connected with a power output shaft of a tractor, a gearbox output shaft 702 is divided into a left end and a right end, and two ends of the gearbox output shaft 702 are arranged on the frame 1 through a bearing seat IV 703; two ends of the intermediate shaft 704 are mounted on the rack 1 through a bearing seat V705, and a transmission chain wheel IV 714 and a left belt pulley II 712 are sequentially mounted on the shaft end, extending out of the rack 1, on the left side of the intermediate shaft 704 from inside to outside; two ends of the middle rotating shaft 706 are mounted on the rack 1 through a bearing block VI 707, the shaft ends of the left side and the right side of the middle rotating shaft 706, which extend out of the rack 1, are provided with a transmission chain wheel VII 720, and the outer side of the transmission chain wheel VII 720 on the right side of the middle rotating shaft 706 is provided with a transmission chain wheel VI 718; a right belt pulley I708 is mounted on the shaft end, extending out of the rack 1, of the right side of the output shaft 702 of the gearbox, the right belt pulley I708 is in transmission with a right belt pulley II 410 on a driving sprocket shaft 408 of the conveying and screening device 4 through a right belt 709, so that the driving sprocket shaft 408 drives a conveying chain row of the conveying and screening device 4 to rotate, when viewed from the left side of the rack 1, the conveying chain row rotates clockwise, a transmission sprocket I411 on the left side of the driving sprocket shaft 408 is in transmission with a transmission sprocket II 511 on the left side of a front crushing roller 501 of the differential crushing roller device 5 through a transmission chain I710, and the front crushing roller 501 rotates clockwise; the left side of the output shaft 702 of the gear box extends out of the frame 1, a left belt pulley I711 is arranged on the shaft end of the left side of the output shaft 702 of the gear box, the left belt pulley I711 is in transmission with a left belt pulley II 712 on the shaft end of the left side of the intermediate shaft 704 extending out of the frame 1 through a left belt 713, a transmission chain wheel IV 714 arranged on the shaft end of the left side of the intermediate shaft 704 extending out of the frame 1 is in transmission with the outer side of a reversing transmission chain 716, the reversing transmission chain 716 is supported by the inner sides of four reversing chain wheels 715 arranged on the frame 1, the four reversing chain wheels 715 are opposite to the transmission chain wheel IV 714 in rotation, the four reversing chain wheels 715 are arranged around the intermediate shaft 704, output chain wheels in the four reversing chain wheels 715 are coaxially and fixedly connected with a transmission chain wheel V717, the transmission chain wheel V717 is in transmission with a transmission chain wheel VI 718 on the left side of the intermediate shaft 706 through a transmission chain II 719, and drives the transmission chain wheels VII 720 coaxially fixed on the left side and the left side of the intermediate shaft 706 and right side of the shaft extending out of the frame 1 to rotate, the transmission chain wheel VII 720 is in transmission with a transmission chain wheel III 512 on the shaft end of the left side and the right side of the rear crushing roller 503 of the differential crushing roller device 5, which extends out of the frame 1, through a transmission chain III 721, so that the rotation direction of the rear crushing roller 503 is opposite to the rotation direction of the front crushing roller 501, the rear crushing roller 503 rotates anticlockwise when viewed from the left side of the frame 1, and the front crushing roller 501 and the rear crushing roller 503 rotate oppositely from top to bottom.

In the design of the double-shaft differential rolling type picking, crushing and soil preparation machine, the maximum rotating speed of the output shaft 702 of the gearbox is 500 r/min. The diameter of the right pulley I708 is 200 mm and the diameter of the right pulley II 410 is 290 mm, so the maximum rotational speed of the drive sprocket shaft 408 is 345 rpm. The number of teeth of the driving sprocket I411 is 33 and the number of teeth of the driving sprocket II 511 is 18, so that the maximum rotation speed of the front crushing roller 501 is 632 rpm. The diameter of the left belt pulley I711 is 150 mm, the diameter of the left belt pulley II 712 is 240 mm, so that the maximum rotating speed of the driving chain wheel IV 714 on the intermediate shaft 704 is 313 r/min. The number of teeth of the driving chain wheel IV 714 and the four reversing chain wheels 715 is 18, so the maximum rotating speed of the driving chain wheel V717 which is coaxially fixedly connected with the output chain wheel of the four reversing chain wheels 715 is 313 r/min. The number of teeth of the driving chain wheel V717 is 26, the number of teeth of the driving chain wheel VI is 18, so that the maximum rotating speed of the middle rotating shaft 706 is 451 rpm. The number of teeth of the driving chain wheel VII 720 is 18, the number of teeth of the driving chain wheel III 512 is 11, so that the maximum rotating speed of the rear crushing roller 503 is 739 r/min.

In the actual work of the double-shaft differential rolling type picking and crushing land preparation machine, the working speed of the land preparation machine is generally selected to be 0.6-0.8 m/s, in order to avoid the problem of soil congestion between the soil shoveling device 3 and the conveying and screening device 4, the working linear speed of the conveying and screening device 4 is not lower than the advancing speed of the land preparation machine, namely the working linear speed of the conveying and screening device 4 is maintained to be more than 0.6-0.8 m/s. In the actual operation process, the advancing speed of the soil preparation machine is controlled within the range of 0.6-0.8 m/s, the rotating speed of the front crushing roller 501 is about 180 r/min, the rotating speed of the rear crushing roller 503 is about 270 r/min, the rotating speed of the driving sprocket shaft 408 is about 98 r/min, the pitch circle diameter of the sprocket 407 on the driving sprocket shaft is 180 mm, and the operating linear speed of the corresponding conveying and screening device 4 is 0.92 m/s.

The included angle between the bottom edges of the left side plate 101 and the right side plate 103 of the rack 1 and the horizontal plane is 15-30 degrees, and the preferred included angle in the embodiment is 20 degrees; the distance between the left side plate 101 and the right side plate 103 was 1562 mm.

The gap between the flat chain plate 403 and the right-angle chain plate 404 in the conveying and screening device 4 is 8-15 mm, and the preferred gap in the embodiment is 10 mm; the included angle between the conveying chain row and the horizontal plane is 15-30 degrees, and the preferred included angle in the embodiment is 25 degrees; the maximum rotational speed of the drive sprocket shaft 408 is 345 rpm.

In this embodiment, the diameter of the front crushing roller 501 and the rear crushing roller 503 is 180 mm, the length is 1550 mm, the hobbing is a cuboid with the length of 1550 mm, the width of 20 mm and the height of 10 mm, and the number of the hobbing on each roller is 13.

The gap between the front crushing roller 501 and the rear crushing roller 503 is 8-20 mm, and the preferred gap in this embodiment is 15 mm.

The broken soil preparation machine is picked up to biax differential roll-compaction formula soil block that this embodiment provided is at the during operation of marcing, can shovel into the hard farmland earth's surface with the shovel native device, the transport screening plant is gone into to hardened and imperial ginger black soil, carry the screening to the extrafine sand of imperial ginger in the transport screening plant, and carry the extrafine sand of extrafine ginger black soil block that is greater than 10 millimeters after will screening among the broken cylinder device of differential, carry out the breakage to the extrafine ginger black soil block by preceding crushing roller and back crushing roller, make the extrafine ginger black soil block be less than 10 millimeters, broken extrafine sand of imperial ginger black soil falls back to the farmland earth's surface, thereby effectively improve the hardened and imperial ginger black soil's condition of hardening, improve the output in the low-yield field in the extrafine ginger black soil.

The broken soil preparation machine is picked up to biax differential roll-compaction formula soil block that this embodiment provided simple structure is compact, and work efficiency is high, is suitable for and uses widely in sand ginger black soil area.

Finally, it should be pointed out that: the above examples are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention, and are not limited thereto. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. The utility model provides a broken soil preparation machine is picked up to biax differential roll-compaction formula soil block which characterized by: the device consists of a frame (1), a traction hanging device (2), a soil shoveling device (3), a conveying and screening device (4), a differential crushing roller device (5), a pressing and leveling device (6) and a transmission device (7); the tractor is characterized in that the traction hanging device (2) is installed at the front end of the rack (1), the soil shoveling device (3) is installed below the front end of the rack (1), the conveying screening device (4) is installed at the rear end of the soil shoveling device (3), an outlet of the conveying screening device (4) is connected with an inlet of the differential crushing roller device (5), the differential crushing roller device (5) is installed at the rear end of the rack (1), the rolling flattening device (6) is installed below the rack (1), and the transmission device (7) transmits power output by the tractor to the conveying screening device (4) and the differential crushing roller device (5);

the frame (1) is composed of a left side plate (101), a left side rear plate (102), a right side plate (103), a right side rear plate (104), a rear soil retaining plate (105), a support plate (106), reinforcing ribs (107), two pull rods (108), a pull plate (109), a left traction plate (110), a right traction plate (111), a walking fixing pipe (112), a support pipe (113), a connecting pipe (114) and a reinforcing pipe (115); the left side plate (101) and the right side plate (103) are in irregular pentagons, wherein the upper edge and two adjacent edges of the upper edge are folded outwards twice, the bottom edge is folded outwards once, a reinforcing rib (107) is welded on the bottom edge, the bottom edge is inclined towards the back upper side, and the left side plate (101) and the right side plate (103) are symmetrically distributed along the vertical plane of the center of the rack; the left rear plate (102) and the right rear plate (104) are respectively welded behind the left side plate (101) and the right side plate (103); a rear retaining plate (105) is welded to the rear between the left rear plate (102) and the right rear plate (104); supporting plates (106) are respectively welded on the upper sides of the left side plate (101) and the right side plate (103), pulling plates (109) are respectively welded at the two ends of the two pulling rods (108), one ends of the two pulling rods (108) are respectively fixedly connected with the supporting plates (106), and the other ends of the two pulling rods (108) are connected with the traction hanging device (2); the left traction plate (110) is welded in front of the left side plate (101), the right traction plate (111) is welded in front of the right side plate (103), the upper ends of the left traction plate (110) and the right traction plate (111) are circular, and the lower ends of the left traction plate (110) and the right traction plate (111) are provided with installation bevel edges; the walking fixing pipe (112), the supporting pipe (113) and the connecting pipe (114) form a pressing leveling device bracket which is welded at the bottom of the rack (1); the reinforcing pipe (115) is used for reinforcing the connection of the frame (1);

the traction hitch device (2) is composed of a main beam pipe (201), a gearbox seat (202), a lower traction plate (203), a reinforcing rib (204), an upper traction frame (205), an upper traction plate (206) and an upper cover plate (207); two ends of a main beam pipe (201) are respectively welded at the circular positions of the upper parts of the left traction plate (110) and the right traction plate (111), a gearbox seat (202) is welded at the middle part of the main beam pipe (201), and 4 lower traction plates (203) and 4 reinforcing ribs (204) are symmetrically welded at two sides of the main beam pipe (201); the upper traction frame (205) is a trapezoidal rod piece and is symmetrically welded on the lower traction plate (203) and the reinforcing ribs (204) at the inner side, two upper traction plates (206) are symmetrically welded right above the upper traction frame (205), and an upper cover plate (207) is welded above the upper traction plates (206);

the soil shoveling device (3) is composed of a soil shoveling plate (301), a reinforcing pipe (302) and a reinforcing rib (303); the shoveling plate (301) is a rectangular plate and is arranged on the installation oblique edges at the lower ends of the left traction plate (110) and the right traction plate (111), the reinforcing pipe (302) is welded below the shoveling plate (301), two ends of the reinforcing pipe (302) are respectively connected with the lower ends of the left traction plate (110) and the right traction plate (111), and the reinforcing rib (303) is welded between the shoveling plate (301) and the reinforcing pipe (302);

the conveying and screening device (4) is composed of two conveying chains (401), a chain rod (402), a flat chain plate (403), a right-angle chain plate (404), a driven chain wheel shaft (405), a bearing seat I (406), a chain wheel (407), a driving chain wheel shaft (408), a bearing seat (409) with an adjusting plate, a right belt pulley II (410), a transmission chain wheel I (411), an adjusting seat (412), an adjusting screw rod (413) and a fixed seat (414); each section of outer chain plate of the conveying chain (401) is provided with a connecting bracket, a chain rod (402) is connected with the connecting bracket of the conveying chain (401) by a bolt, so that two conveying chains (401) are connected into a conveying chain row by the chain rod (402), and flat chain plates (403) and right-angle chain plates (404) are alternately fixed on the chain rod (402) of the conveying chain row at intervals; two ends of a driven chain wheel shaft (405) are mounted below the front end of a rack (1) behind a soil shoveling device (3) through bearing seats I (406), two ends of a driving chain wheel shaft (408) are mounted on the rack (1) through bearing seats with adjusting plates (409), the driving chain wheel shaft (408) is located above and behind the driven chain wheel shaft (405), two chain wheels (407) are mounted between the driving chain wheel shaft (408) and the driven chain wheel shaft (405) respectively, and a conveying chain row is mounted on the chain wheels (407) to enable the conveying chain row to incline upwards and backwards; a right belt pulley II (410) is mounted on the shaft end, extending out of the rack (1), of the right side of the driving sprocket shaft (408), a transmission sprocket I (411) is mounted on the shaft end, extending out of the rack (1), of the left side of the driving sprocket shaft (408), and the driving sprocket shaft (408) enables the upper surface of the conveying chain row to move backwards and upwards; the fixing seat (414) is arranged on the frame (1), the adjusting seat (412) is arranged on an adjusting plate with an adjusting plate bearing seat (409), one end of the adjusting screw rod (413) is arranged on the adjusting seat (412) through a pin, and the other end of the adjusting screw rod (413) is arranged on the fixing seat (414) through a nut;

the differential crushing roller device (5) is composed of a front crushing roller (501), a bearing seat II (502), a rear crushing roller (503), a bearing seat (504) with a rocker plate, an adjusting rod hinged support (505), an adjusting rod fixing seat (506), an adjusting rod (507), an adjusting spring (508), an adjusting nut (509), a front soil baffle (510), a transmission chain wheel II (511) and two transmission chain wheels III (512); two ends of the front crushing roller (501) are arranged at the rear end of the rack (1) by bearing blocks II (502); two ends of the rear crushing roller (503) are arranged on the frame (1) behind the front crushing roller (501) by bearing seats (504) with rocker plates; a rocker center hole is formed in a bearing seat (504) with a rocker plate, the rocker center hole is installed on a bearing seat VI (707) at two ends of a middle rotating shaft (706), the bearing seat (504) with the rocker plate can swing in an arc-shaped groove of a rack (1) around the bearing seat VI (707), an adjusting rod hinged support (505) is installed on the rear side edge of the bearing seat (504) with the rocker plate, the front end of an adjusting rod (507) is installed on the adjusting rod hinged support (505) through a pin shaft, an adjusting rod fixing seat (506) is fixed on the rack (1), the rear end of the adjusting rod (507) penetrates through the adjusting rod fixing seat (506), an adjusting spring (508) is sleeved on the adjusting rod (507) between the adjusting rod hinged support (505) and the adjusting rod fixing seat (506), the rear end of the adjusting rod (507) is provided with a thread, and an adjusting nut (509) is installed on the adjusting rod; the front retaining plate (510) is positioned at the front upper part of the front crushing roller (501) and is obliquely arranged on the rack (1); a transmission chain wheel II (511) is arranged on the shaft end of the left side of the front crushing roller (501) extending out of the rack (1), and a transmission chain wheel III (512) is arranged on the shaft end of the left side and the right side of the rear crushing roller (503) extending out of the rack (1);

the pressing and flattening device (6) is composed of a pressing wheel (601), a pressing wheel shaft (602) and a bearing seat III (603); the pressing wheel (601) is arranged on a pressing wheel shaft (602), and two ends of the pressing wheel shaft (602) are arranged on the walking fixed pipe (112) through bearing seats III (603);

the transmission device (7) is composed of a gearbox (701), a gearbox output shaft (702), a bearing seat IV (703), an intermediate shaft (704), a bearing seat V (705), a middle rotating shaft (706), a bearing seat VI (707), a right belt pulley I (708), a right belt (709), a transmission chain I (710), a left belt pulley I (711), a left belt pulley II (712), a left belt (713), a transmission chain wheel IV (714), four reversing chain wheels (715), a reversing transmission chain (716), a transmission chain wheel V (717), a transmission chain wheel VI (718), a transmission chain II (719), two transmission chain wheels VII (720) and two transmission chains III (721); the gearbox (701) is installed on a gearbox seat (202) on the traction hitch device (2), and two ends of a gearbox output shaft (702) are installed on the rack (1) through a bearing seat IV (703); two ends of the intermediate shaft (704) are mounted on the rack (1) through a bearing seat V (705), and a transmission chain wheel IV (714) and a left belt pulley II (712) are sequentially mounted on the shaft end, extending out of the rack (1), of the left side of the intermediate shaft (704) from inside to outside; two ends of the middle rotating shaft (706) are mounted on the rack (1) through bearing seats VI (707), the shaft ends of the left side and the right side of the middle rotating shaft (706) extending out of the rack (1) are provided with transmission chain wheels VII (720), and the outer sides of the transmission chain wheels VII (720) on the right side of the middle rotating shaft (706) are provided with transmission chain wheels VI (718); a right belt pulley I (708) is mounted on the shaft end, extending out of the rack (1), of the right side of the output shaft (702) of the gearbox, the right belt pulley I (708) is in transmission with a right belt pulley II (410) on a driving chain wheel shaft (408) of the conveying and screening device (4) through a right belt (709), and a transmission chain wheel I (411) on the left side of the driving chain wheel shaft (408) is in transmission with a transmission chain wheel II (511) on the left side of a front crushing roller (501) of the differential crushing roller device (5) through a transmission chain I (710); a left belt pulley I (711) is installed on the shaft end, extending out of the rack (1), on the left side of a gearbox output shaft (702), the left belt pulley I (711) is in transmission with a left belt pulley II (712) on the shaft end, extending out of the rack (1), on the left side of an intermediate shaft (704), a transmission chain wheel IV (714) installed on the shaft end, extending out of the rack (1), on the left side of the intermediate shaft (704) is in transmission with the outer side of a reversing transmission chain wheel (716), the reversing transmission chain wheel (716) is supported by the inner sides of four reversing chain wheels (715) installed on the rack (1), the four reversing chain wheels (715) are arranged around the intermediate shaft (704), output chain wheels of the four reversing chain wheels (715) are coaxially and fixedly connected with a transmission chain wheel V (717), the transmission chain wheel V (717) is in transmission with a transmission chain wheel VI (718) on the left side of a middle rotating shaft (706) through the transmission chain II (719), and drives the transmission chain wheels (720) coaxially fixed on the shaft ends, extending out of the left side and right side of the middle rotating shaft (706) and the rack (1), the transmission chain wheel VII (720) is in transmission with a transmission chain wheel III (512) on the shaft end of the left side and the right side of a rear crushing roller (503) of the differential crushing roller device (5) which extend out of the frame (1) through a transmission chain III (721), so that the rotation direction of the rear crushing roller (503) is opposite to that of the front crushing roller (501), and the front crushing roller (501) and the rear crushing roller (503) rotate oppositely from top to bottom.

2. The dual-shaft differential rolling type soil block picking and crushing land preparation machine as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the included angle between the bottom edges of the left side plate (101) and the right side plate (103) of the rack (1) and the horizontal plane is 15-30 degrees.

3. The dual-shaft differential rolling type soil block picking and crushing land preparation machine as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the clearance between a flat chain plate (403) and a right-angle chain plate (404) in the conveying and screening device (4) is 8-15 mm; the included angle between the conveying chain row and the horizontal plane is 15-30 degrees, and the maximum rotating speed of the driving chain wheel shaft (408) is 345 r/m.

4. The dual-shaft differential rolling type soil block picking and crushing land preparation machine as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the diameters of a front crushing roller (501) and a rear crushing roller (503) of the differential crushing roller device (5) are the same, the lengths of the front crushing roller and the rear crushing roller are the same, hobbing is welded on the hobbing surfaces of the front crushing roller (501) and the rear crushing roller (503), and the shapes and the number of the hobbing are the same.

5. The dual-shaft differential rolling type soil block picking and crushing land preparation machine as claimed in claim 4, wherein: the diameter of the front crushing roller (501) and the diameter of the rear crushing roller (503) are 180 mm, the length of the front crushing roller is 1550 mm, the hobbing is a cuboid with the length of 1550 mm, the width of 20 mm and the height of 10 mm, and the number of the hobbing on each roller is 12-16.

6. The dual-shaft differential rolling type soil block picking and crushing land preparation machine as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the gap between the front crushing roller (501) and the rear crushing roller (503) is 8-20 mm.

7. The dual-shaft differential rolling type soil block picking and crushing land preparation machine as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the rotating speed of the rear crushing roller (503) is greater than that of the front crushing roller (501), the maximum rotating speed of the front crushing roller (501) is 632 rpm, and the maximum rotating speed of the rear crushing roller (503) is 739 rpm.

8. The dual-shaft differential rolling type soil block picking and crushing land preparation machine as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the diameter of the press wheel (601) is 280 mm, the surface is smooth, and the length is 1550 mm.

9. The dual-shaft differential rolling type soil block picking and crushing land preparation machine as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the bottommost surface of the press wheel (601) and the soil surface shoveled by the soil shoveling plate (301) are on the same horizontal plane.