CN110590347A - 一种高可塑性泥料以及陶瓷剪纸/衍纸的制作方法和得到的制品 - Google Patents
一种高可塑性泥料以及陶瓷剪纸/衍纸的制作方法和得到的制品 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种高可塑性泥料，其特征在于按照重量份数原料组成为：可塑性陶瓷物料90～110份、丙三醇3～5份、桐油1～5份、油酸2～5份、羟甲基纤维素钠3～8份、色料5～10份；所述可塑性陶瓷泥料的含水量为30～40wt％。此外，还公开了一种陶瓷剪纸/衍纸的制作方法和得到的制品。本发明将陶瓷材料引入剪纸/衍纸的创作中，拓展丰富了剪纸/衍纸作品的创作原材料，能够获得不会腐蚀褪色且能够长久保存的陶瓷剪纸/衍纸作品，有利于促进剪纸/衍纸艺术的创新和发展。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及艺术制品技术领域，尤其涉及一种高可塑性泥料以及陶瓷剪纸/衍纸的制作方法和得到的制品。
背景技术
剪纸作为一种古老的民间艺术品，具有色泽鲜艳、图案及内涵寓意丰富的特点，人们每逢喜庆节日将剪纸张贴在家中窗户、墙壁、门楼或灯笼上，借此表达对美好生活的向往和期盼。近年来，随着科技的不断进步，剪纸的创作手法和材质也不断更新，例如，通过将剪纸层装裱在半透明基层上，并在半透明基层后增设一反光层，利用入射光透过半透明基层后，在反光层上形成反射光并二次透过半透明基层最终进入人眼中，这种独特的背光技术使得原本平面的剪纸图案更具立体感；又如，将延展性、裁剪性良好的金箔作为剪纸创作介质，通过两层或者多层粘结并在金箔剪纸表面涂刷荧光粉，得到一种即使在夜晚也可欣赏的金箔复式混合剪纸。
衍纸，也称卷纸，发源于十八世纪英国，是流传于英国王室贵族间的一种手工纸艺艺术品。衍纸的魅力在于其无限的表达能力，将颜色不同、宽窄相异、长短不一的纸条衍纸通过卷、捏等手法形成一个个小部件，然后再将这些小部件按照一定的设计排列组合、固定粘结，最终形成一幅色彩鲜艳、风格绮丽的装饰画。这种将雕塑和绘画技艺相结合在一起的艺术形式，在平面装饰画中将其立体性也表现出来，用极为普通的纸质材料经过创意设计和手工制作后，即可变出美轮美奂的作品。随着科技的发展，衍纸的制作工艺也逐渐进步，例如，通过激光刻槽的方式来固定色纸带，取代了传统用胶水粘结的固定方式，可以批量化制作衍纸底板，也有利于初学者快速掌握衍纸工艺品的制作方法；又如，基于衍纸制作出LED纸雕灯，通过拉动导向片实现纸张直接的相对运动，从而实现了平面静态衍纸的动态化效果，提高了衍纸的趣味性。在制作工具方面，通过波浪造型器和衍纸缠绕版，来提高衍纸制作工作效率、改善手工制作存在的不规则、不稳定问题。
然而，在材质方面，现有的剪纸仍然将纸张作为主要创作材料来表现，现有的衍纸取材仍然仅有纸张一种，而纸张特有的怕水火、易褪色、易腐烂等特性限制了剪纸/衍纸作品的长期保存，致使无论多么美好或高水平的作品都无法流传百世。目前其他材料如塑料、树脂、金箔等虽然也有用于剪纸上，但是由于塑料、树脂等高分子材料长期使用也会出现褪色、怕火等难题，且塑料、树脂材质往往给人以低廉印象，与现代家局风格很难搭配融洽；而金箔等金属材料则存在价格昂贵、制作过程复杂等诸多问题。
因此，如何以一种价格优廉、制作方便的材料和方法进行剪纸/衍纸创作，同时使得作品能够长久保存、并完美流传下去，必将对剪纸艺术的传承和发展、以及衍纸艺术的推广和发展具有重要作用。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服现有技术的不足，提供一种高可塑性泥料，以便将陶瓷材料引入剪纸/衍纸的创作中，拓展丰富剪纸/衍纸作品的创作原材料以获得不会腐蚀褪色的作品。本发明的另一目的在于提供一种陶瓷剪纸/衍纸的制作方法和得到的制品，基于上述高可塑性泥料而获得能够长久保存的陶瓷剪纸/衍纸作品，以利于促进剪纸/衍纸艺术的创新和发展。
本发明的目的通过以下技术方案予以实现：
本发明提供的一种高可塑性泥料，按照重量份数原料组成为：可塑性陶瓷物料90～110份、丙三醇3～5份、桐油1～5份、油酸2～5份、羟甲基纤维素钠3～8份、色料5～10份；所述可塑性陶瓷泥料的含水量为30～40wt％。
进一步地，本发明所述可塑性陶瓷物料按照重量份数原料组成为：钾长石3～7份、烧滑石2～5份、龙岩高岭土25～30份、苏州土15～20份、石英45～50份、磷灰石1～3份。
本发明的另一目的通过以下技术方案予以实现：
本发明提供的一种陶瓷剪纸/陶瓷衍纸的制作方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)高可塑性泥料的制备
按照上述高可塑性泥料的原料组成进行配料混合，加入水调整得到含水量为30～40wt％的泥团，将所述泥团经由真空练泥机练泥得到的泥段密封陈腐1～3周后，获得高可塑性泥料；
(2)陶瓷剪纸坯片/衍纸瓷坯的制备
(2-1)将所述高可塑性泥料经过辊压形成厚度为1～5mm的陶瓷塑性薄片；
(2-2)陶瓷剪纸坯片的制备：按照设计的图案，在所述陶瓷塑性薄片上进行模具冲压、刀模压制、激光雕刻、手工雕刻而获得陶瓷剪纸坯体；将所述陶瓷剪纸坯体进行干燥，得到陶瓷剪纸坯片；
衍纸瓷坯的制备：将所述陶瓷塑性薄片裁割形成单色泥条；按照设计的图案，将所述单色泥条通过卷、捏形成图形单元，然后将各色图形单元进行排列组合、固定粘结，而获得陶瓷衍纸坯体；将所述陶瓷衍纸坯体进行干燥，得到衍纸瓷坯；
(3)陶瓷剪纸/陶瓷衍纸的制备
将所述陶瓷剪纸坯片或衍纸瓷坯进行素烧，得到素烧陶瓷剪纸坯片或素烧衍纸瓷坯，经施釉后进行烧成，即制得陶瓷剪纸或陶瓷衍纸；
或者，将所述素烧陶瓷剪纸坯片或素烧衍纸瓷坯放置在陶瓷板载体上一起施釉；然后进行烧成，即制得负载在陶瓷板上的陶瓷剪纸、或负载在陶瓷板上的陶瓷衍纸。
上述方案中，本发明所述步骤(2-2)陶瓷剪纸坯片的制备中，陶瓷塑性薄片的厚度为1～2mm；将所述陶瓷剪纸坯体放置在两块平整的石膏板之间进行干燥。
上述方案中，本发明所述步骤(2-2)衍纸瓷坯的制备中，单色泥条的尺寸为长5～100cm、宽0.5～10cm。
进一步地，本发明所述步骤(3)的素烧温度为900～1100℃、保温时间为10～30min；烧成温度为1200～1320℃、保温时间为10～30min。
利用上述陶瓷剪纸/陶瓷衍纸的制作方法得到的制品。
本发明具有以下有益效果：
(1)拓展丰富了剪纸/衍纸作品的创作原材料
本发明克服了现有的剪纸/衍纸作品材料单一的问题，拓展了剪纸/衍纸作品的创作原材料，为剪纸/衍纸艺术创作者的作品创新提供了基本素材，为剪纸/衍纸作品的进一步创新和发展提供了有利条件。
(2)剪纸/衍纸作品不会腐蚀褪色，能够长久保存
本发明剪纸/衍纸作品采用陶瓷材料作为创作基本材料，经高温烧制后，即可将创作的效果淋漓发挥出来，同时又兼具陶瓷表面光滑明亮、耐腐蚀、耐高温、抗腐蚀、不褪色、不变形等诸多优异性能，可长期保存。
(3)价格优廉、制作方便
本发明材料价格优廉、制作简单方便，适用于批量化生产和个性化定制，对于文化艺术的创新、推广和发展具有积极的促进作用。
附图说明
下面将结合实施例和附图对本发明作进一步的详细描述：
图1是本发明实施例一制得的陶瓷剪纸作品；
图2是本发明实施例二制得的陶瓷剪纸作品；
图3是本发明实施例三制得的陶瓷衍纸作品。
具体实施方式
实施例一：
1、本实施例一种高可塑性泥料，按照重量份数原料组成为：可塑性陶瓷物料100份、丙三醇5份、桐油3份、油酸3份、羟甲基纤维素钠5份、高温大红色料8份。
其中，可塑性陶瓷物料按照重量份数原料组成为：钾长石4.5份、烧滑石2.8份、龙岩高岭土25.3份、苏州土17.6份、石英47.3份、磷灰石2.5份。
2、本实施例一种陶瓷剪纸的制作方法，其步骤如下：
(1)高可塑性红色泥料的制备
按照上述高可塑性泥料的原料组成进行配料混合，加入水调整得到含水量为40wt％的泥团，将泥团经由真空练泥机练泥得到的泥段密封陈腐3周后，获得具有高延展性的高可塑性红色泥料；
(2)陶瓷剪纸坯片的制备
(2-1)将上述高可塑性红色泥料经过辊压形成长30cm×宽30cm×厚1.5mm的陶瓷塑性薄片；
(2-2)按照设计的图案，在上述陶瓷塑性薄片上进行刀模压制而获得陶瓷剪纸坯体；然后将陶瓷剪纸坯体放在两块平整的石膏板之间，置于温度为50℃的恒温烘箱内干燥，得到陶瓷剪纸坯片；
(3)陶瓷剪纸的制备
将上述陶瓷剪纸坯片放入快速升温节能电炉中以3h升温至1000℃、保温10min进行素烧，随炉冷却得到素烧陶瓷剪纸坯片；采用喷釉的方式施釉后，放入快速升温节能电炉中成瓷烧制，3h升温至1280℃，保温10min后随炉冷却，即得到陶瓷剪纸。
以硬纸板为载体，将本实施例的陶瓷剪纸放置在硬纸板上，用A/B复合胶水粘结在一起，静置干燥2h后用相框装裱，得到如图1所示的陶瓷剪纸作品。
实施例二：
本实施例与实施例一不同之处在于：本实施例陶瓷剪纸的制作方法中，
步骤(2-1)中陶瓷塑性薄片的尺寸为长35cm×宽40cm×厚1.0mm。
步骤(2-2)在陶瓷塑性薄片上进行手工雕刻获得陶瓷剪纸坯体。
步骤(3)中将素烧陶瓷剪纸坯片放置在厚度为4mm的陶瓷板载体上一起施釉，放入快速升温节能电炉中成瓷烧制，5h升温至1280℃，保温20min后随炉冷却，即得到负载在陶瓷板上的陶瓷剪纸。
将本实施例的负载在陶瓷板上的陶瓷剪纸用相框装裱，并在陶瓷板后方布置LED灯带，得到如图2所示透光性良好的陶瓷剪纸作品。
实施例三：
1、本实施例一种高可塑性泥料，按照重量份数原料组成为：可塑性陶瓷物料100份、丙三醇3份、桐油5份、油酸5份、羟甲基纤维素钠3份、高温色料5份。高温色料分别采用钴蓝色料、天蓝色料、草绿色料、墨绿色料、桔黄色料、柠檬黄色料。
其中，可塑性陶瓷物料按照重量份数原料组成为：钾长石5.7份、烧滑石4.8份、龙岩高岭土25.5份、苏州土16.9份、石英45.6份、磷灰石1.5份。
2、本实施例一种陶瓷衍纸的制作方法，其步骤如下：
(1)高可塑性泥料的制备
按照上述高可塑性泥料的原料组成进行配料混合，加入水调整得到含水量为35wt％的泥团，将泥团经由真空练泥机练泥得到的泥段密封陈腐3周后，获得具有高延展性的各色高可塑性泥料(钴蓝、天蓝、草绿、墨绿、桔黄、柠檬黄)；
(2)衍纸瓷坯的制备
(2-1)将上述6种各色高可塑性泥料经过辊压形成厚度为2mm的各色陶瓷塑性薄片；
(2-2)将上述6种单色陶瓷塑性薄片由机械轧刀裁割形成长50cm×宽1.2cm×厚2mm的单色泥条；按照设计的图案，将上述单色泥条通过卷、捏形成图形单元，然后将各色图形单元进行排列组合、固定粘结，泥条之间的粘结处用水作为粘结剂即可，而获得陶瓷衍纸坯体，放入60℃烘箱内干燥2h，得到衍纸瓷坯；
(3)陶瓷衍纸的制备
将上述衍纸瓷坯放入快速升温节能电炉中以3h升温至1000℃、保温10min进行素烧，随炉冷却得到素烧衍纸瓷坯；采用喷釉的方式施釉后，放入快速升温节能电炉中成瓷烧制，3h升温至1280℃，保温10min后随炉冷却，即得到陶瓷衍纸。
以硬纸板为载体，将本实施例的陶瓷衍纸放置在硬纸板上，在陶瓷衍纸与硬纸板的接连处用透明PVA固体胶胶黏，待固体胶完全干燥凝固后，进行装裱，得到如图3所示的用硬纸板作为承载体的陶瓷衍纸装饰画作品。
Claims (8)
1.一种高可塑性泥料，其特征在于按照重量份数原料组成为：可塑性陶瓷物料90～110份、丙三醇3～5份、桐油1～5份、油酸2～5份、羟甲基纤维素钠3～8份、色料5～10份；所述可塑性陶瓷泥料的含水量为30～40wt％。
2.根据权利要求1所述的高可塑性泥料，其特征在于：所述可塑性陶瓷物料按照重量份数原料组成为：钾长石3～7份、烧滑石2～5份、龙岩高岭土25～30份、苏州土15～20份、石英45～50份、磷灰石1～3份。
3.一种陶瓷剪纸/陶瓷衍纸的制作方法，其特征在于包括以下步骤：
(1)高可塑性泥料的制备
按照上述高可塑性泥料的原料组成进行配料混合，加入水调整得到含水量为30～40wt％的泥团，将所述泥团经由真空练泥机练泥得到的泥段密封陈腐1～3周后，获得高可塑性泥料；
(2)陶瓷剪纸坯片/衍纸瓷坯的制备
(2-1)将所述高可塑性泥料经过辊压形成厚度为1～5mm的陶瓷塑性薄片；
(2-2)陶瓷剪纸坯片的制备：按照设计的图案，在所述陶瓷塑性薄片上进行模具冲压、刀模压制、激光雕刻、手工雕刻而获得陶瓷剪纸坯体；将所述陶瓷剪纸坯体进行干燥，得到陶瓷剪纸坯片；
衍纸瓷坯的制备：将所述陶瓷塑性薄片裁割形成单色泥条；按照设计的图案，将所述单色泥条通过卷、捏形成图形单元，然后将各色图形单元进行排列组合、固定粘结，而获得陶瓷衍纸坯体；将所述陶瓷衍纸坯体进行干燥，得到衍纸瓷坯；
(3)陶瓷剪纸/陶瓷衍纸的制备
将所述陶瓷剪纸坯片或衍纸瓷坯进行素烧，得到素烧陶瓷剪纸坯片或素烧衍纸瓷坯，经施釉后进行烧成，即制得陶瓷剪纸或陶瓷衍纸；
或者，将所述素烧陶瓷剪纸坯片或素烧衍纸瓷坯放置在陶瓷板载体上一起施釉；然后进行烧成，即制得负载在陶瓷板上的陶瓷剪纸、或负载在陶瓷板上的陶瓷衍纸。
4.根据权利要求3所述的陶瓷剪纸/陶瓷衍纸的制作方法，其特征在于：所述步骤(2-2)陶瓷剪纸坯片的制备中，陶瓷塑性薄片的厚度为1～2mm。
5.根据权利要求3所述的陶瓷剪纸/陶瓷衍纸的制作方法，其特征在于：所述步骤(2-2)中将所述陶瓷剪纸坯体放置在两块平整的石膏板之间进行干燥。
6.根据权利要求3所述的陶瓷剪纸/陶瓷衍纸的制作方法，其特征在于：所述步骤(2-2)衍纸瓷坯的制备中，单色泥条的尺寸为长5～100cm、宽0.5～10cm。
7.根据权利要求3所述的陶瓷剪纸/陶瓷衍纸的制作方法，其特征在于：所述步骤(3)的素烧温度为900～1100℃、保温时间为10～30min；烧成温度为1200～1320℃、保温时间为10～30min。
8.利用权利要求3-7之一所述陶瓷剪纸/陶瓷衍纸的制作方法得到的制品。
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