CN110587103A - Welding method of ultrahigh-strength steel multi-cavity structure based on stress discrete distribution - Google Patents
Welding method of ultrahigh-strength steel multi-cavity structure based on stress discrete distribution Download PDFInfo
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- CN110587103A CN110587103A CN201910920966.XA CN201910920966A CN110587103A CN 110587103 A CN110587103 A CN 110587103A CN 201910920966 A CN201910920966 A CN 201910920966A CN 110587103 A CN110587103 A CN 110587103A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K15/00—Electron-beam welding or cutting
- B23K15/06—Electron-beam welding or cutting within a vacuum chamber
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Abstract
The invention relates to a welding method of an ultrahigh-strength steel multi-cavity structure based on stress discrete distribution, which comprises an ultrahigh-strength steel cavity and a cover plate, wherein the ultrahigh-strength steel cavity and the cover plate are welded through the steps of spot welding, preheating, seal welding, slow cooling and the like, the welding of a single closed welding seam is completed by adopting an arc starting, arc closing and overlapping welding mode, and the integral electron beam welding of a multi-cavity structure workpiece under one-time vacuum is completed by adopting a layout method with staggered overlapping positions and a symmetrically staggered welding sequence, so that the influence among the welding seams is reduced, the deformation is effectively controlled, and the welding efficiency is greatly improved; meanwhile, the problems of weld cracking are effectively avoided by adopting the modes of pre-welding preheating, post-welding slow cooling and timely heat treatment.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of electron beam processing, in particular to a welding method of an ultrahigh-strength steel multi-cavity structure based on stress discrete distribution.
Background
The ultra-high strength steel is mainly used for bearing parts due to high strength. With the development of the fields of aviation, aerospace, ships and the like, the strength-bearing parts are continuously required to be welded due to the continuous improvement of the structural and functional requirements. For the ultrahigh-strength steel material, the material has high welding difficulty, high notch sensitivity coefficient and easy cracking after welding. At present, effective connection can be realized for ultrahigh-strength steel workpieces with simple structures by adopting an electron beam welding method, and the properties of tensile, impact, fatigue and the like of welding joints can meet the requirements.
Compared with an I-beam structure, the ultrahigh-strength steel multi-cavity structure has stronger bearing capacity, and has lighter weight compared with a solid structure, so that the ultrahigh-strength steel multi-cavity structure has certain advantages in the aspect of bearing structure development. For the manufacture of the multi-cavity structure, the cover plate and the cavity are connected by adopting a welding method, which is undoubtedly more advanced than riveting; but also has larger structural particularity and rigidity constraint, so that a plurality of welding lines have mutual influence and larger welding line shrinkage deformation; the gradual heat buildup leads to severe deformations of the entire workpiece and, in the case of continuous welding, even to cracks in the weld seam or in the heat-affected zone.
Disclosure of Invention
(1) Technical problem to be solved
The embodiment of the invention provides a welding method of an ultrahigh-strength steel multi-cavity structure based on stress discrete distribution, which adopts a layout method of staggered overlapping positions and a welding sequence of symmetrically staggered front and back surfaces, can reduce the influence among welding seams, effectively controls deformation, greatly improves welding efficiency, and effectively avoids the problem of welding seam cracking by adopting a pre-welding preheating mode, a post-welding slow cooling mode and a timely heat treatment mode.
(2) Technical scheme
In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a welding method for an ultra-high strength steel multi-cavity structure based on stress discrete distribution, where the structure includes an ultra-high strength steel cavity and a cover plate, and is characterized in that the ultra-high strength steel multi-cavity structure is rectangular and includes a plurality of cavities penetrating through front and back sides of the ultra-high strength steel and a plurality of cover plates for sealing the cavities, and the number of the cover plates is consistent with the number of the cavities, and the welding method includes:
the method comprises the following steps that firstly, cover plates used for sealing cavities are respectively assembled with corresponding cavities to form workpieces to be welded, welding seams are formed between the cover plates and the corresponding cavities, overlapping areas are formed between the cover plates and the corresponding cavities, the overlapping areas on the same plane are distributed in a vertically staggered mode, and the overlapping areas on the front side and the back side are distributed in a vertically corresponding mode;
secondly, putting the workpiece to be welded assembled in the first step into a vacuum chamber of an electron beam welding part, closing a gate of the vacuum chamber, and starting to vacuumize;
thirdly, spot welding the cover plate and the corresponding cavity together, and finishing teaching programming to determine a welding track;
fourthly, preheating the position near a welding seam formed between the cover plate and the corresponding cavity by using the electron beams according to the welding track formulated in the third step;
fifthly, sealing and welding the workpiece to be welded according to the welding track established in the third step;
sixthly, welding all welding seams in a front-back symmetrical and staggered sequence;
and seventhly, performing slow cooling treatment on the welded workpiece.
Furthermore, lightening holes penetrating through the ultrahigh-strength steel along the horizontal direction are formed in the ultrahigh-strength steel multi-cavity structure.
Furthermore, the acceleration voltage during the third step of spot welding is 70-150 kV, and the electron beam current is less than or equal to
5 mA; the long straight edge of the cover plate is at least spot-welded with 5 points, the short straight edge of the cover plate is at least spot-welded with 4 points, and the round corner edge of the cover plate is at least spot-welded with 3 points.
Further, the welding seam is sequentially provided with an arc starting area, a welding area, a lap joint area and an arc ending area according to the welding sequence. Furthermore, the length of the arc starting area is 15-40 mm, the length of the lap joint area is 5-25 mm, and the length of the arc ending area is 15-40 mm.
And further, when preheating is carried out in the fourth step, the electron beam current is less than or equal to 3mA, and the position near the welding seam is preheated for three circles.
And further, during the fifth sealing welding step, the electron beam current is 8-15 mA.
And furthermore, during the sixth welding step, the electron beam current is 30-36 mA.
Furthermore, when the seventh step is slow cooling, the electron beam current is less than or equal to 3 mA.
Further, the welding method also comprises the steps of preserving heat of the welded workpiece in a vacuum chamber for more than 1 hour after the slow cooling is finished, and then taking out the workpiece and carrying out high-temperature tempering treatment within 30 minutes.
(3) Advantageous effects
In conclusion, the invention adopts the layout method of staggered lap joint positions, avoids welding heat from concentrating on one side, is beneficial to the uniform distribution of the welding heat input energy of the electron beam, is beneficial to the symmetrical distribution of welding stress deformation, and effectively controls the welding deformation; the front and back sides of the welding sequence are symmetrically staggered, so that the concentrated input of welding energy of a plurality of local welding seams of a workpiece is avoided, the cooling time of a single local welding seam is prolonged, the temperature gradient of a local welding position is reduced, and the release of the welding stress of the single welding seam is facilitated; meanwhile, by adopting the method, the influence of welding heat input between adjacent cover plates is effectively reduced, the superposition degree of welding stress of a plurality of welding seams is reduced, and the problems of overlarge local post-welding stress, serious integral deformation, local cracking and the like of a workpiece are avoided; meanwhile, the problems of weld cracking are effectively avoided by adopting the modes of pre-welding preheating, post-welding slow cooling and timely heat treatment.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments of the present invention will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the assembly of a cover plate with an ultra-high strength steel chamber according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along line B-B of FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along line C-C of FIG. 1;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a weld trace;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the distribution of the position of the faying area of the ultra-high strength steel multi-cavity structure;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the distribution of the reverse side lap joint areas of the ultra-high strength steel multi-cavity structure;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of a welding sequence;
in the figure:
1-cover plate; 2-ultra-high strength steel multi-cavity structure; 3-a cavity; 4-welding seams; 5-lightening holes; 6-arcing zone; 7-a lap zone; 8-arc contracting zone; 9-welding zone.
Detailed Description
The embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and examples. The following detailed description of the embodiments and the accompanying drawings are provided to illustrate the principles of the invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention, i.e., the invention is not limited to the embodiments described, but covers any modifications, alterations, and improvements in the parts, components, and connections without departing from the spirit of the invention.
It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments in the present application may be combined with each other without conflict. The present application will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments with reference to the attached drawings.
As shown in fig. 1 to 4, a welding method for an ultra-high strength steel multi-cavity structure based on stress discrete distribution according to an embodiment of the present invention includes an ultra-high strength steel cavity 2 and a cover plate 1, where the ultra-high strength steel multi-cavity structure 2 is rectangular and includes a plurality of cavities 3 penetrating through front and back sides of the ultra-high strength steel and a plurality of cover plates 1 for sealing the cavities, and the number of the cover plates 1 is the same as the number of the cavities 3, and the welding method includes:
firstly, respectively assembling a cover plate 1 for sealing a cavity 3 with a corresponding cavity 3 to form a workpiece to be welded, forming welding seams 4 between the cover plate 1 and the corresponding cavity 3, wherein the number of the welding seams 4 is consistent with that of the cavities 3, and the number of the welding seams 4 is 6 in the embodiment, as shown in fig. 6 and 7, overlapping areas 7 are formed between the cover plate 1 and the corresponding cavities 3, the overlapping areas 7 on the same plane are distributed in a vertically staggered manner, and the overlapping areas 7 on the front and back sides of the workpiece are distributed correspondingly up and down, so that the overlapping areas 7 avoid welding heat from being concentrated on one side, thereby being beneficial to uniform distribution of electron beam welding heat input energy, being beneficial to symmetrical distribution of welding stress deformation and effectively controlling welding deformation;
secondly, putting the workpiece to be welded assembled in the first step into a vacuum chamber of an electron beam welding part, closing a gate of the vacuum chamber, and starting to vacuumize;
thirdly, spot welding the cover plate 1 and the corresponding cavity 3 together, and finishing teaching programming to determine a welding track;
fourthly, preheating the position near a welding seam 4 formed between the cover plate 1 and the corresponding cavity 3 by using an electron beam according to the welding track formulated in the third step, wherein the preheating can reduce the temperature gradient between the base metal and the welding seam 4 during welding, and the cooling speed after welding is influenced to a certain extent, so that the cracking risk of the welding seam 4 is reduced;
fifthly, sealing and welding the workpiece to be welded according to the welding track established in the third step, wherein the sealing and welding can realize connection of partial materials along the welding depth direction, and meanwhile, the sealing and welding also has the function of further preheating;
sixthly, welding all the welding seams 4 by adopting a front-back symmetrical and staggered sequence, namely as shown in fig. 8, wherein the welding sequence is I → II → III → IV → V → VI, the welding sequence in the embodiment can avoid the concentrated input of welding energy of a plurality of local welding seams 4 of the workpiece, prolong the cooling time of a local single welding seam 4 as far as possible, reduce the temperature gradient of a local welding position, and is beneficial to the release of the welding stress of the single welding seam 4; meanwhile, by adopting the method, the influence of welding heat input between the adjacent cover plates 1 is effectively reduced, the overlapping degree of welding stress of the welding seams 4 is reduced as much as possible, and the problems of overlarge stress, serious integral deformation, local cracking and the like after local welding of the workpiece are avoided;
and seventhly, performing slow cooling treatment on the welded workpiece, wherein the slow cooling treatment is used for locally heating the welded area by using defocused electron beams, so that a local heat treatment effect is achieved, and a certain effect of reducing the stress peak value at the welding seam 4 is achieved.
As a specific embodiment of the invention, the weight-reducing holes 5 penetrating through the ultrahigh-strength steel along the horizontal direction are arranged in the ultrahigh-strength steel multi-cavity structure 2, the weight-reducing holes 5 are arranged along the left-right direction, the axes of the weight-reducing holes 5 are vertical to the opening direction of the cavity 3, and the weight-reducing holes 5 not only have the weight-reducing function, but also are beneficial to gas escape in the vacuum electron beam welding process, the generation probability of defects such as air holes is reduced, and the welding quality is improved.
In order to stabilize the connection between the cover plate 1 and the cavity 3, the acceleration voltage during the third step of spot welding is 70-150 kV, and the electron beam current is less than or equal to 5 mA; the long straight edge of the cover plate 1 is at least spot-welded with 5 points, the short straight edge of the cover plate 1 is at least spot-welded with 4 points, and the round corner edge of the cover plate 1 is at least spot-welded with 3 points.
As shown in fig. 5, the welding seam 4 includes an arc starting region 6, a welding region 9, a lap region 7 and an arc ending region 8 in the order of welding. The spot welding, seal welding and welding between the cover plate 1 and the cavity 3 adopt the welding track.
As an embodiment of the invention, the length of the arc starting zone 6 is 15-40 mm, the length of the lap zone 7 is 5-25 mm, and the length of the arc ending zone 8 is 15-40 mm.
In order to reduce the temperature gradient between the base metal and the welding seam 4 during welding and to generate certain influence on the cooling speed after butt welding so as to reduce the cracking risk of the welding seam 4, in the fourth step of preheating, the electron beam current is less than or equal to 3mA, and the preheating is carried out for three circles near the welding seam 4.
In order to connect partial materials in the welding depth direction and simultaneously play a role in further preheating, the electron beam current is 8-15 mA during the fifth sealing welding step.
As an embodiment of the invention, in the sixth step of welding, the electron beam current is 30-36 mA.
In order to reduce the stress peak value at the welding seam 4, the electron beam current is less than or equal to 3mA during the seventh step of slow cooling.
In order to improve the welding quality and the strength of the workpieces, the welding method further comprises the steps of preserving the temperature of the welded workpieces in a vacuum chamber for more than 1 hour after the slow cooling is finished, and then taking out the workpieces and carrying out high-temperature tempering treatment within 30 minutes.
It should be clear that the embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, and the same or similar parts in the embodiments are referred to each other, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from the other embodiments. For embodiments of the method, reference is made to the description of the apparatus embodiments in part. The present invention is not limited to the specific steps and structures described above and shown in the drawings. Also, a detailed description of known process techniques is omitted herein for the sake of brevity.
The above description is only an example of the present application and is not limited to the present application. Various modifications and alterations to this application will become apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of this invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present application should be included in the scope of the claims of the present application.
Claims (10)
1. A welding method of an ultrahigh-strength steel multi-cavity structure based on stress discrete distribution is disclosed, the structure comprises an ultrahigh-strength steel cavity and cover plates, and the welding method is characterized in that the ultrahigh-strength steel multi-cavity structure is rectangular and comprises a plurality of cavities penetrating through the front and back sides of ultrahigh-strength steel and a plurality of cover plates used for sealing the cavities, the number of the cover plates is consistent with that of the cavities, and the welding method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps that firstly, cover plates used for sealing cavities are respectively assembled with corresponding cavities to form workpieces to be welded, welding seams are formed between the cover plates and the corresponding cavities, overlapping areas are formed between the cover plates and the corresponding cavities, the overlapping areas on the same plane are distributed in a vertically staggered mode, and the overlapping areas on the front side and the back side are distributed in a vertically corresponding mode;
secondly, putting the workpiece to be welded assembled in the first step into a vacuum chamber of an electron beam welding part, closing a gate of the vacuum chamber, and starting to vacuumize;
thirdly, spot welding the cover plate and the corresponding cavity together, and finishing teaching programming to determine a welding track;
fourthly, preheating the position near a welding seam formed between the cover plate and the corresponding cavity by using the electron beams according to the welding track formulated in the third step;
fifthly, sealing and welding the workpiece to be welded according to the welding track established in the third step;
sixthly, welding all welding seams in a front-back symmetrical and staggered sequence;
and seventhly, performing slow cooling treatment on the welded workpiece.
2. The welding method for the ultrahigh-strength steel multi-cavity structure based on the stress discrete distribution as claimed in claim 1, wherein weight-reducing holes penetrating through the ultrahigh-strength steel in the horizontal direction are formed inside the ultrahigh-strength steel multi-cavity structure.
3. The welding method of the ultrahigh-strength steel multi-cavity structure based on the stress discrete distribution is characterized in that the acceleration voltage during the third step of spot welding is 70-150 kV, and the electron beam current is less than or equal to 5 mA; the long straight edge of the cover plate is at least spot-welded with 5 points, the short straight edge of the cover plate is at least spot-welded with 4 points, and the round corner edge of the cover plate is at least spot-welded with 3 points.
4. The welding method for the ultrahigh-strength steel multi-cavity structure based on the stress discrete distribution as recited in claim 1, wherein the welding seam is an arc starting zone, a welding zone, a lap zone and an arc ending zone in sequence.
5. The welding method of the ultrahigh-strength steel multi-cavity structure based on the stress discrete distribution is characterized in that the length of the arc starting area is 15-40 mm, the length of the lap joint area is 5-25 mm, and the length of the arc ending area is 15-40 mm.
6. The welding method of the ultrahigh-strength steel multi-cavity structure based on the stress discrete distribution of claim 1, wherein when preheating is carried out in the fourth step, the electron beam current is less than or equal to 3mA, and the welding seam is preheated for three circles.
7. The welding method for the ultrahigh-strength steel multi-cavity structure based on the stress discrete distribution of claim 1, wherein during the fifth sealing welding step, the electron beam current is 8-15 mA.
8. The welding method for the ultrahigh-strength steel multi-cavity structure based on the stress discrete distribution of claim 1, wherein during the sixth welding step, the electron beam current is 30-36 mA.
9. The welding method of the ultrahigh-strength steel multi-cavity structure based on the stress discrete distribution of claim 1, wherein during the seventh slow cooling step, the electron beam current is less than or equal to 3 mA.
10. The welding method of the ultrahigh-strength steel multi-cavity structure based on the stress discrete distribution is characterized in that after the slow cooling is finished, the welded workpiece is kept warm in a vacuum chamber for more than 1 hour, and then is taken out and is subjected to high-temperature tempering treatment within 30 minutes.
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| CN114043062A (en) * | 2021-11-10 | 2022-02-15 | 中国航发北京航空材料研究院 | Electron beam welding method for ultrahigh-strength gear bearing steel |
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| CN116673581A (en) * | 2023-07-28 | 2023-09-01 | 中国航空制造技术研究院 | Welding method for plane sector-shaped closed weld joint, terminal equipment and storage medium |
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