CN1105635C - 制造管状容器的方法 - Google Patents

制造管状容器的方法 Download PDF

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CN1105635C
CN1105635C CN97111696A CN97111696A CN1105635C CN 1105635 C CN1105635 C CN 1105635C CN 97111696 A CN97111696 A CN 97111696A CN 97111696 A CN97111696 A CN 97111696A CN 1105635 C CN1105635 C CN 1105635C
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津野由纪子
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65B—MACHINES, APPARATUS OR DEVICES FOR, OR METHODS OF, PACKAGING ARTICLES OR MATERIALS; UNPACKING
    • B65B3/00—Packaging plastic material, semiliquids, liquids or mixed solids and liquids, in individual containers or receptacles, e.g. bags, sacks, boxes, cartons, cans, or jars
    • B65B3/02—Machines characterised by the incorporation of means for making the containers or receptacles
    • B65B3/022—Making containers by moulding of a thermoplastic material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29D—PRODUCING PARTICULAR ARTICLES FROM PLASTICS OR FROM SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE
    • B29D23/00—Producing tubular articles
    • B29D23/20—Flexible squeeze tubes, e.g. for cosmetics
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C49/00—Blow-moulding, i.e. blowing a preform or parison to a desired shape within a mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C49/42—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
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    • B29C49/00—Blow-moulding, i.e. blowing a preform or parison to a desired shape within a mould; Apparatus therefor
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    • B29C2049/7879—Stretching, e.g. stretch rod
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29C2949/00—Indexing scheme relating to blow-moulding
    • B29C2949/07—Preforms or parisons characterised by their configuration
    • B29C2949/0715—Preforms or parisons characterised by their configuration the preform having one end closed
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C49/00—Blow-moulding, i.e. blowing a preform or parison to a desired shape within a mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C49/02—Combined blow-moulding and manufacture of the preform or the parison
    • B29C49/06—Injection blow-moulding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C49/00—Blow-moulding, i.e. blowing a preform or parison to a desired shape within a mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C49/08—Biaxial stretching during blow-moulding
    • B29C49/087—Means for providing controlled or limited stretch ratio
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C49/00—Blow-moulding, i.e. blowing a preform or parison to a desired shape within a mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C49/08—Biaxial stretching during blow-moulding
    • B29C49/10—Biaxial stretching during blow-moulding using mechanical means for prestretching
    • B29C49/12—Stretching rods
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C49/00—Blow-moulding, i.e. blowing a preform or parison to a desired shape within a mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C49/42—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C49/4273—Auxiliary operations after the blow-moulding operation not otherwise provided for
    • B29C49/428—Joining
    • B29C49/42802—Joining a closure or a sealing foil to the article or pincing the opening
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C49/00—Blow-moulding, i.e. blowing a preform or parison to a desired shape within a mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C49/42—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C49/4273—Auxiliary operations after the blow-moulding operation not otherwise provided for
    • B29C49/42808—Filling the article
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/04—Dielectric heating, e.g. high-frequency welding, i.e. radio frequency welding of plastic materials having dielectric properties, e.g. PVC
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
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    • B29C65/08—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using ultrasonic vibrations
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/112—Single lapped joints
    • B29C66/1122—Single lap to lap joints, i.e. overlap joints
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/40—General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
    • B29C66/41—Joining substantially flat articles ; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles
    • B29C66/43—Joining a relatively small portion of the surface of said articles
    • B29C66/431—Joining the articles to themselves
    • B29C66/4312—Joining the articles to themselves for making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles, e.g. transversal seams
    • B29C66/43121—Closing the ends of tubular or hollow single articles, e.g. closing the ends of bags
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2067/00—Use of polyesters or derivatives thereof, as moulding material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
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Abstract

一种能提供具有令人满意的透明性、阻隔性、挤压性和回收性的管状容器的制造管状容器的方法。PET经受注射成型形成包括瓶口(1a)和瓶体(1b)的型坯(1)。然后将该型坯(1)传递到吹塑模具(3)以便双轴向取向吹塑，结果形成成型材料(5)。然后从该吹塑模具(3)中取出该成型材料(5)接着切除该成型材料(5)的瓶体(1b)的底部(6)以便在瓶体(1b)中充入内含物(9)；随后通过熔接封合该成型材料(5)的瓶体(1b)的底部(6)，结果完成管状容器(11)。

Description

制造管状容器的方法
本发明涉及一种制造管状容器的方法，更尤其涉及一种成型树脂例如聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯(在下文称作“PET”)，聚烯烃或其它同类的物质等为管状容器的方法。
通常，认为用于包装化妆品或其它同类的物质等的合成树脂管状容器其中最好呈现以下特性：
(1)透明性
呈现满意的透明性的管状容器能让人透过它看到里面的东西，从而可以促进产品的销售并且还可看到容器里东西的残余物。
(2)阻隔性
空气和/或水蒸气穿过管状容器的渗透性促进了里面东西的质量的恶化，因此，希望该容器基本上阻止气体透过的渗透性。
(3)挤压性
通常构成管状容器使得在手指之间牢固地握住从其中挤压里面的东西之后当用户的手指松开时依靠其弹性恢复其原来的形状。然而容器过大的恢复力使得在拧盖之前周围的空气空吸进入该管状容器，从而导致里面的东西变质。
(4)回收性
容器、包装或其它同类的物质等的废弃物近来已造成严重的环境污染，因此，急需制造商开发单层结构构成的管状容器，从而能回收或重复使用。
与广泛要求管状容器呈现上述的这些特性的事实无关，阻隔性的增加需要使用层状结构，从而造成管状容器的透明性恶化。还有，为促进回收或重复使用的目的优选用PET制造管状容器。PET形成瓶状容器一般先通过吹塑成型进行的。令人遗憾的是，吹塑成型不能提供具有令人满意的挤压性的PET容器。还有，PET容器很难使粘性流体或内含物从其口部平滑地充入。
鉴于先有技术的以上缺点而作出了本发明。
因此，本发明的一个目的是提供一种能满意地提供具有上述特性的管状容器的制造管状容器的方法。
本发明的另一目的是提供一种能提供呈现提高的挤压性的管状容器的制造管状容器的方法。
根据本发明，提供一种制造管状容器的方法。该方法包括以下步骤：将选自包括聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯、聚烯烃或其它同类的物质等中的树脂材料经注射成型形成包括瓶口和瓶体的型坯，将该型坯传递到吹塑模具以便双轴向取向吹塑，从而制备一种包括瓶口和瓶体的成型材料，从该吹塑模具中取出该成型材料，切除该成型材料的瓶体的底部以便在该成型材料中充入内含物，通过熔接密封该成型材料的瓶体的底部。
在本发明的优选实施例中，双轴向取向吹塑是通过在拉伸杆的轴线方向通过拉伸杆拉伸型坯以及将空气吹入型坯在垂直于所说轴线方向的方向扩胀该型坯来进行的。
双轴向取向吹塑可以以这样的方式来实现，首先在拉伸杆的轴线方向进行型坯的拉伸，接着将空气吹入型坯。
用另一种方法，双轴向取向吹塑可通过将空气吹入型坯同时将拉伸杆送入型坯的瓶体来进行。
在本发明的优选实施例中，成型材料的瓶体底部的密封是通过超声波焊接来进行的。另一方面，也可以用高频焊接来进行。
当结合附图通过以下的详细说明就可以更好地理解和容易地评价本发明的这些和其它目的以及许多伴随的优点；其中
图1是显示注射成型的型坯的剖面图；
图2是显示传递到吹塑模具的型坯的剖面图；
图3是显示被插入拉伸杆的型坯的剖面图；
图4是显示被吹入空气的型坯的剖面图；
图5A和5B是分别显示一实施例中测量部位的侧视图和正视图；
图6是显示将空气从型坯的瓶口连续吹入型坯的过程中测量结果的图示；
图7是显示将空气从型坯的底部吹入型坯的过程中测量结果的图示；及
图8A至8D是分别显示成型后切割管状容器底部，在该管状容器中充入内含物，密封该管状容器和完成的该管状容器的示意图。
现在，在下文中将参考附图叙述根据本发明的管状容器的制造方法。
首先参考图1至4，用图解说明根据本发明制造管状容器方法的前部。该前部基本上使用双轴向取向吹塑。首先，通过PET的注射成型形成型坯1。这导致型坯1具有容器的瓶口1a和瓶体1b。该形成的瓶口1a具有预定的尺寸或与要完成的管状容器的尺寸相同的尺寸。而所形成的瓶体1b具有收缩的或变小的尺寸。
在图解的实施例中，该管状容器由PET制成，因为它在保持厚度减小的同时不仅令人满意地呈现充分的透明性而且还呈现包括提高了回收特性(如在PET瓶中所看到的)的上述特性。由于相同的原因，为此目的可以有效地用聚烯烃替代PET。
接着，将型坯1传送到吹塑模具通过拉伸杆4致使瓶体1b经受拉伸并向其吹入空气。具体说，首先将拉伸杆4深深地插入型坯1的瓶体1b中，如图3所示在拉伸杆4的轴线方向充分地拉伸瓶体1b。然后将空气吹入瓶体1b，导致瓶体1b在其宽度方向扩胀(如图4所示)，结果形成成型材料5。
这样，首先在吹塑模具3内将拉伸杆4在其末端深深地插入型坯1的瓶体1b，在拉伸杆4的轴线方向拉伸型坯1至吹塑模具3的深位(如图3所示)然后将空气穿过拉伸杆4的端部吹入型坯1的瓶体1b，在垂直于拉伸杆4的轴线方向的方向膨胀型坯1。这样成型的型坯1的瓶体1b通过图解实施例的双轴向取向吹塑可使瓶体1b的拉伸度与先有技术的瓶体拉伸度相比被大大地提高。还可使型坯1的瓶体1b首先被拉伸至大体上末端的位置或模具3的底部以在其纵向方向充分拉长瓶体1b然后在其底边膨胀，如图4中虚线所示。已发现型坯1的这种成型允许瓶体1b的厚度在其末端一侧被提高而在瓶口1a一侧被减小。
常规的双轴向取向吹塑适于将拉伸杆4送入型坯1的瓶体1b的同时将空气吹入型坯1。在先有技术中已知先有技术或常规吹塑造成型坯1的瓶体1b从瓶口1a一侧连续扩展，其中瓶体1b的拉伸度被限定在大约2.5倍这样的低水平。反之，发现如上所述构成的双轴向取向吹塑允许基本上提高到大约3.2-3.8倍的高水平。
还有，本发明人为了确定常规双轴向取向吹塑和图解实施例的双轴向取向吹塑之间的瓶体1b的厚度差别而做了一项试验。为此目的，制备第一成型材料的四个样品，它们和先有技术一样，都是穿过瓶口1a连续吹塑空气进入瓶体1b而生产的，制备第二成型材料的四个样品，它们是通过从其底部吹塑空气至瓶体1b而得到的。这些样品都在图5B中所示的A、B、C和D部分测量其厚度，而这些部分是由从瓶口1a按图5A中所示的距离间隔所限定。在图5B中，参考字母E显示吹塑模具的分模线。第一成型材料(空气穿过瓶口1a吹入)样品的测量结果示于图6中，第二成型材料(穿过底部吹塑)样品的测量结果示于图7中。图6和7清楚地显示第二成型材料(空气从底部吹入)与第一成型材料(空气从瓶口1a吹入)相比其厚度在底边增加而在瓶口1a边减小。
不需要将吹塑空气通过拉伸杆4的末端吹入型坯1的瓶体1b。在拉伸杆4进入瓶体1b的同时(像常规的双轴向取向吹塑那样)空气可以被吹入瓶体1b。
随后，从吹塑模具3取出成型材料5，然后如图8A所示，通过切刀7切割成型材料5的底端6，从而使底端6打开并用帽盖8安在瓶口1a上。然后如图8B所示通过开口端6在瓶体1b中充入内含物9，接着如图8C所示通过超声焊接装置10密封底部6，结果如图8D所示提供成品的管状容器11。PET一般具有被提高到足以被常规加热密封技术焊接的熔点。然而，本发明允许PET瓶体被显著降低厚度至足以被超声焊接的程度。还有，本发明允许瓶体1b的厚度在底边与瓶口1a的边相比可提高，从而防止由于其厚度过度减小而使通过熔融底部的封合的失败。此熔接形成填充内含物9的管状容器11。
如上所述，该图解实施例通过将PET形成为型坯1，使该型坯经受双轴向取向吹塑形成成型材料5，切割该成型材料5的瓶体1b的底6向内填充内含物9，然后封合该成型材料5由此制成管状容器。此图解实施例的结构允许该管状容器不仅呈现令人满意的透明性而且还有提高了的挤压性，因为当内含物从该容器被挤压出后而将容器从用户的手中松开时其恢复力被降低，这就导致在拧上帽盖之前阻止周围空气进入该容器。该图解的实施例还使管状容器的发白趋于最小值。
此外，型坯的双轴向取向以及因此图解实施例的管状容器可使容器的分子在两个方向被取向，从而使气体例如氧气、二氧化碳或其它同类的物质等穿过该容器的渗透性趋于最小值，致使该管状容器呈现提高了的阻隔性而与其由单层结构构成无关。
另外，图解的实施例使用单层PET制造管状容器，因此这样得到的管状容器呈现增大的回收性。
在图解的实施例中，双轴向取向吹塑可以这样来实施，首先型坯1在拉伸杆4的轴线方向被取向然后将空气吹入型坯1在垂直于轴线方向的方向扩胀。这导致型坯1的拉伸程度被进一步提高由此与直接吹塑相比减小了型坯的厚度。
这种由于提高型坯的拉伸程度而降低型坯厚度可允许应用超声焊接于图解的实施例。还有，在图解实施例中的双轴向取向吹塑极小化或基本上降低了这样成型的型坯厚度的不均匀性，因此与直接吹塑相比，该超声焊接可导致该型坯的令人满意的密封而基本上无不均匀性。而且，该瓶体1b的厚度在底部一侧比在瓶口1a一侧增加，由此防止瓶体1b的底部在密封过程中由于其厚度过度减小因熔融而被穿孔，从而防止内含物从瓶体泄漏。
因此要指出的是本发明的方法提供了呈现上述特性的理想的管状容器。聚烯烃对PET的替代可允许本发明同样呈现基本相同的上述优点。另外，管状容器的密封可通过高频焊接来进行。
尽管参考附图以一定程度的特殊性已对本发明的优选实施进行了介绍，然而根据以上的技术可以作出显而易见的改进和变化。因此应明白在附属权利要求的范围内，本发明还可以以另外方式来实施。

Claims (6)

1.一种制造管状容器的方法，包括以下步骤：
将选自聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯和聚烯烃的树脂材料经注射成型形成包括瓶口(1a)和瓶体(1b)的型坯(1)；
将该型坯(1)传递到吹塑模具(3)以便双轴向取向吹塑，该双轴向取向吹塑以这样的方式进行，型坯在其轴线方向被拉伸以及在垂直于所说的轴线方向被扩胀，从而制备一种包括所说的瓶口(1a)和所说的瓶体(1b)的成型材料(5)；
从该吹塑模具(3)中取出该成型材料(5)；
切除该成型材料(5)的瓶体(1b)的底部(6)以便在该成型材料(5)中充入内含物(9)；及
通过熔接密封该成型材料(5)的瓶体(1b)的底部，
其特征在于所述双轴向吹塑使成型材料(5)的瓶体(1b)的底部一侧具有与瓶口一侧相比的提高的厚度；以及所述封闭是在该成型材料(5)的瓶体(1b)底部进行的，该底部具有经提高的厚度。
2.如权利要求1中所限定的方法，其中双轴向取向吹塑通过在拉伸杆(4)的轴线方向通过拉伸杆(4)拉伸型坯(1)以及将空气吹入型坯(1)在垂直于所说轴线方向的方向扩胀该型坯(1)来进行的。
3.如权利要求2中所限定的方法，其中首先在拉伸杆(4)的轴线方向进行型坯(1)的拉伸，接着将空气吹入型坯(1)。
4.如权利要求2中所限定的方法，其中所说的双轴向取向吹塑通过将空气吹入型坯(1)同时将拉伸杆(4)向前送入到型坯(1)的瓶体(1b)中来进行的。
5.如权利要求1至4中任一项所限定的方法，其中成型材料(5)的瓶体(1b)底部的封合是通过超声封焊来进行的。
6.如权利要求1至4中任一项所限定的方法，其中成型材料(5)的瓶体(1b)底部的密封通过高频焊接来进行的。
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