CN110558168A - Method for improving effective tillering number and yield of double-cropping autumn wild rice shoots - Google Patents
Method for improving effective tillering number and yield of double-cropping autumn wild rice shoots Download PDFInfo
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- CN110558168A CN110558168A CN201910944050.8A CN201910944050A CN110558168A CN 110558168 A CN110558168 A CN 110558168A CN 201910944050 A CN201910944050 A CN 201910944050A CN 110558168 A CN110558168 A CN 110558168A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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Abstract
A method for improving the effective tillering number and yield of the double-cropping autumn wild rice shoots is carried out by the steps of field planting, water management of the wild rice shoots and fertilization. The invention has the beneficial effects that: the autumn water bamboos are planted and survive for 7 months, the field anhydrous state is kept, fertilizer is not applied in the early stage of growth, excessive tillering is controlled, fertilization is started after 10-16 tillering of each plant in the middle ten days of 9 months, normal growth of existing tillering is guaranteed, pregnant water bamboos are applied twice after the pregnant water bamboos are entered, requirements of various tillering pregnant water bamboos are met, the effective tillering number of the double-cropping water bamboos can be kept at 8-14, in addition, after ineffective tillering is reduced, nutrition is intensively supplied to the effective tillering, the single weight of the finished water bamboos is increased, the problems of the effective tillering number and low yield of the autumn water bamboos are well solved, the economic benefit of the water bamboos is improved, the field operation is simple and convenient, compared with the conventional planting method, the yield is obvious, water and fertilizer is saved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of vegetable planting, in particular to a method for improving the effective tillering number and yield of double cropping water bamboos in autumn.
Background
the water bamboo is divided into single-cropping water bamboo and double-cropping water bamboo, and is widely cultivated in Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Hubei and other fields in Yangtze river basin in China. Harvesting the double-cropping water bamboos twice in one year, generally planting the water bamboos in 7 months, harvesting the autumn water bamboos in 10-12 months, and harvesting the summer water bamboos in 5-6 months next year. The tillering capability of the double-cropping water bamboos is strong, more than 10-30 tillers with different sizes can be produced after the double-cropping water bamboos are planted for 7 months and before the autumn water bamboos are harvested, wherein about 5-12 tillers can form commercial water bamboos and are called effective tillers, and the rest water bamboos which cannot be pregnant with water bamboos or are small in size and cannot meet the requirements of the commercial water bamboos are called ineffective tillers.
The water and fertilizer management of the conventional cultivation method of the double-cropping water bamboo shoot is as follows: after the seedlings are planted and turned green for survival for 7 months, shallow water is used for promoting tillering in the early stage, deep water tillering control is performed in the later stage, and the wild rice shoots are protected in deep water in the pregnant stage. Some cane shoots adopt a dry-wet alternative water management method, namely the cane shoots are naturally dried after being irrigated, and irrigation is carried out after the field plates are dry until the cracks appear; and after the seedlings are planted and turned green and survive, applying seedling raising fertilizer for 1 time, topdressing for 2-3 times during tillering, and applying fertilizer for 1-2 times during the water bamboo pregnancy period. According to the cultivation method, multiple fertilization and enough water supply are carried out, so that more tillers are formed on plants, but the roots of seedlings planted in 7 months are not developed, the nutrient requirements for excessive normal tillering growth and water bamboo pregnancy cannot be met, and the nutrient supply of the plants is dispersed, so that more ineffective tillers appear, and the yield and the benefit are influenced.
In order to solve the problem of excessive ineffective tillering, some cane shoots adopt a manual seedling pruning method in the later tillering stage to delete small tillering, so that plant nutrition is intensively supplied to the remaining tillering to improve the effective tillering number, but more labor cost is increased.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems in the prior art, provides a method for improving the effective tillering number and yield of the double cropping water bamboo, solves the problem that the effective tillering number and yield of the current double cropping water bamboo are low, and meets the planting requirement of the double cropping water bamboo.
The invention adopts the technical scheme for solving the technical problems that: the method for improving the effective tillering number and the yield of the double cropping water bamboo in autumn comprises the following steps:
Firstly, field planting, namely seedling raising is carried out in a seedling field by adopting a two-stage seedling raising method in 3-4 months, plant division and field planting are carried out in 7 months, an old young stalk pipe is reserved during field planting, the water level of 10cm is kept in the field after field planting, and after 10 days, the seedlings are turned green and survive and then the water in the field is drained;
Secondly, managing water of the wild rice stem, planting the wild rice stem for survival till tillering stage, keeping the field anhydrous, when more weeds appear in the field, controlling the weeds by keeping the depth of the field to be 5-10 cm and keeping the field water for 5-7 days, draining the field water or naturally drying the field water, continuously keeping the field anhydrous state, and irrigating water till 10-16 tillering plants in the middle ten days of 9 months and keeping the water level to be 5-10 cm;
And thirdly, fertilizing, wherein after the seedlings are planted and until the last ten days of 9 months, field fertilizing is not carried out, fertilizing is carried out for 1 time after field irrigation is carried out in the middle ten days of 9 months, 30-40 kg of ternary compound fertilizer is applied per mu, zizania latifolia fertilizer is applied after most of plants are pregnant with zizania latifolia, and 1 time of pregnant zizania latifolia fertilizer is applied after 20-30% of zizania latifolia is harvested.
Furthermore, the more weeds in the first step account for 10% -20% of the field area.
Furthermore, most of the pregnant zizania latifolia plants in the third step are pregnant zizania latifolia plants with 90% of area.
The invention discloses a method for improving the effective tillering number and yield of a double-cropping autumn wild rice stem, which has the following principle: the conventional cultivation method of the double cropping water bamboo cane shoots adopted by the water bamboo farmers is a habitual cultivation method of the double cropping water bamboo cane shoots, and the plants are promoted to produce more tillers by frequent fertilization under enough water supply in the early stage so as to improve the yield. However, the double-cropping water bamboo is produced again in the next year after the harvested old pier of the autumn water bamboo passes winter, the old pier has a strong root system foundation and can meet the requirement of absorbing more than 20 tillers in each pier, so that 15-25 tillers are generally left in each pier during the later stage of final singling of the water bamboo, and the yield is higher than that of the autumn water bamboo. The autumn water bamboos are planted in new seedlings, the early-stage root systems are not developed, and the requirement of excessive tillering nutrient absorption cannot be met, so the early-stage cultivation management measures of the autumn water bamboos are different from those of summer water bamboos, firstly, the root systems need to be emphasized for cultivation, a strong root system can lay a good foundation for robust development and high yield of tillering, and otherwise, only more ineffective tillering can be generated, the nutrients are dispersed, the formed water bamboos are small, and the yield is low. Particularly, correct cultivation measures need to be taken for the variety of the autumn wild rice shoots with good earliness and strong tillering performance, the method for improving the effective tillering number and yield of the double-cropping autumn wild rice shoots disclosed by the invention has the advantages that the autumn wild rice shoots keep an anhydrous state in the field after being planted and survived in 7 months, and no fertilizer is applied in the early growth stage, so that excessive tillering is controlled to be generated, the fertilizer is applied after 10-16 tillering of each plant in the middle ten days of 9 months, the normal growth of the existing tillering is ensured, and the pregnant wild rice shoots are applied twice after the pregnant wild rice shoots enter, so that the requirements of tillering and pregnancy of the wild rice shoots are met. By the method, the effective tillering number of the autumn wild rice shoots can be kept at 8-14, in addition, after ineffective tillering is reduced, nutrition is supplied to effective tillering in a centralized manner, the single grown wild rice shoot is increased in weight, the problems of low effective tillering number and low yield of the autumn wild rice shoots are well solved, the economic benefit of the wild rice shoots is improved, the field operation is simple and convenient, and compared with the conventional planting method, the method has the advantages of obvious yield increase, water saving and fertilizer saving.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the method for improving the effective tillering number and yield of the double-cropping water bamboo, the autumn water bamboo is kept in a field waterless state after being planted and survived for 7 months, and is not fertilized in the early growth stage, so that excessive tillering is controlled to be generated, fertilization is started after 10-16 tillering of each plant in the middle ten days of 9 months, normal growth of existing tillering is ensured, and a pregnant water bamboo fertilizer is applied twice after the pregnant water bamboo is entered, so that the requirements of tillering and pregnant water bamboo are met. By the method, the effective tillering number of the autumn wild rice shoots can be kept at 8-14, in addition, after ineffective tillering is reduced, nutrition is supplied to effective tillering in a centralized manner, and the single grown wild rice shoot is increased in weight, so that the problem that the effective tillering number and yield of the autumn wild rice shoots are low is well solved, the economic benefit of wild rice shoots is improved, the method is simple and convenient to operate in the field, compared with the conventional planting method, the yield is increased obviously, water and fertilizer are saved, the practical application effect is good, and the popularization is facilitated.
Detailed Description
the invention is further illustrated below:
The first embodiment is as follows:
the method for improving the effective tillering number and the yield of the double cropping water bamboo in autumn comprises the following steps:
Firstly, field planting, namely seedling raising in a seedling bed by adopting a two-stage seedling raising method in 3 months, dividing and field planting in 7 months, keeping an old bolt pipe during field planting, keeping a water level of 10cm in the field after field planting, and draining the water in the field after seedlings turn green and survive after 10 days;
secondly, managing water of the wild rice stem, planting the wild rice stem till survival till tillering stage, keeping the field anhydrous, when more weeds appear in the field, irrigating for 5cm, keeping for 5 days to control the weeds, draining the field water or naturally drying the field water, continuously keeping the field anhydrous state, and irrigating till 10 tillering plants in the middle ten days of 9 months and keeping the water level for 5 cm;
and thirdly, fertilizing, wherein the field is not fertilized from the seedling planting to the first ten days of 9 months, the field is fertilized for 1 time after the field is irrigated in the middle ten days of 9 months, 30kg of ternary compound fertilizer is applied per mu, the wild rice stem fertilizer is applied after most of the plants are pregnant with the wild rice stems, and the pregnant wild rice stem fertilizer is applied for 1 time after 20% of the wild rice stems are harvested.
Further, the majority of weeds in the first step accounted for 10% of the field area.
Furthermore, most of the pregnant zizania latifolia plants in the third step are pregnant zizania latifolia plants with 90% of area.
Example two:
the method for improving the effective tillering number and the yield of the double cropping water bamboo in autumn comprises the following steps:
Firstly, field planting, namely seedling raising in a seedling bed by adopting a two-stage seedling raising method in 4 months, performing division field planting in 7 months, keeping an old bolt pipe during field planting, keeping a water level of 10cm in the field after field planting, and draining the water in the field after seedlings turn green and survive after 10 days;
Secondly, managing water of the wild rice stem, planting the wild rice stem till survival till tillering stage, keeping the field anhydrous, when more weeds appear in the field, irrigating the field with the depth of 8cm, keeping for 6 days to control the weeds, draining the field water or naturally drying the field water, continuously keeping the field anhydrous state, and irrigating the water till 13 tillering plants in the middle ten days of 9 months and keeping the water level at 8 cm;
and thirdly, fertilizing, wherein the field is not fertilized from the seedling planting to the first ten days of 9 months, the field is fertilized for 1 time after the field is irrigated in the middle ten days of 9 months, 35kg of ternary compound fertilizer is applied per mu, the wild rice stem fertilizer is applied after most of the plants are pregnant with the wild rice stems, and the pregnant wild rice stem fertilizer is applied for 1 time after 25% of the wild rice stems are harvested.
Further, the majority of weeds in the first step accounted for 20% of the field area.
furthermore, most of the pregnant zizania latifolia plants in the third step are pregnant zizania latifolia plants with 90% of area.
Example three:
the method for improving the effective tillering number and the yield of the double cropping water bamboo in autumn comprises the following steps:
firstly, field planting, namely seedling raising in a seedling bed by adopting a two-stage seedling raising method in 4 months, performing division field planting in 7 months, keeping an old bolt pipe during field planting, keeping a water level of 10cm in the field after field planting, and draining the water in the field after seedlings turn green and survive after 10 days;
Secondly, managing water of the wild rice stem, planting the wild rice stem till survival till tillering stage, keeping the field anhydrous, when more weeds appear in the field, irrigating the field with the depth of 10cm, keeping for 7 days to control the weeds, draining the field water or naturally drying the field water, continuously keeping the field anhydrous state, and irrigating the water till 16 tillering plants in the middle ten days of 9 months and keeping the water level at 10 cm;
and thirdly, fertilizing, wherein the field is not fertilized from the seedling planting to the first ten days of 9 months, the field is fertilized for 1 time after the field is irrigated in the middle ten days of 9 months, 40kg of ternary compound fertilizer is applied per mu, the wild rice stem fertilizer is applied after most of the plants are pregnant with the wild rice stems, and the pregnant wild rice stem fertilizer is applied for 1 time after 30% of the wild rice stems are harvested.
Further, the majority of weeds in the first step accounted for 20% of the field area.
furthermore, most of the pregnant zizania latifolia plants in the third step are pregnant zizania latifolia plants with 90% of area.
The yield of the double cropping water bamboos planted in the first embodiment, the second embodiment and the third embodiment of the invention is selected to be compared with the yield of the double cropping water bamboos planted by the conventional method, and the comparison result is as follows:
| Example one | example two | EXAMPLE III | conventional methods | |
| yield of double-cropping autumn water bamboo | 1695kg | 1835kg | 1975kg | 1415kg |
the economic benefit comparison result of the autumn water bamboo is as follows:
| Example one | Example two | EXAMPLE III | Conventional methods | |
| Income of autumn water bamboo of double cropping water bamboo | 4407 | 4771 | 5135 | 3679 |
As can be seen from the table, the method for improving the effective tillering number and the yield of the double cropping water bamboo in the embodiment of the invention has higher yield and economic benefit than the conventional method.
the embodiment of the invention has the characteristics that: after ineffective tillering is reduced, nutrition is supplied to effective tillering in a centralized manner, the single weight of the obtained wild rice shoots is increased, the effective tillering is increased, the problems of low effective tillering number and low yield of the autumn wild rice shoots are solved better, the economic benefit of the wild rice shoots is improved, the method is simple and convenient to operate in the field, and compared with the conventional planting method, the method has the advantages of obvious yield increase, water and fertilizer conservation, good practical application effect and contribution to popularization.
Although the present invention has been described with reference to preferred embodiments, workers skilled in the art will recognize that changes may be made in form and detail without departing from the scope of the claims.
Claims (3)
1. a method for improving the effective tillering number and the yield of double cropping water bamboos in autumn is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) Performing field planting, namely performing seedling culture in a seedling field by adopting a two-stage seedling culture method in 3-4 months, performing division field planting in 7 months, keeping an old bolt pipe during field planting, keeping a water level of 10cm in the field after field planting, and draining the field water after seedlings turn green and survive after 10 days;
(2) Managing water of the wild rice stem, planting the wild rice stem till survival till tillering stage, keeping the field anhydrous, when more weeds appear in the field, controlling the weeds by keeping the depth of the field to be 5-10 cm and keeping the field water for 5-7 days, then draining the field water or naturally drying the field water, continuously keeping the field anhydrous state, and irrigating water till 10-16 tillering plants in the middle ten days of 9 months and keeping the water level to be 5-10 cm;
(3) And (3) fertilizing, wherein after the seedlings are planted and in the last 9 th month period, field fertilizing is not carried out, fertilizing is carried out for 1 time after field irrigation is carried out in the middle 9 th month period, 30-40 kg of ternary compound fertilizer is applied per mu, fertilization is carried out after most of plants are fertilized with wild rice shoots, and fertilization is carried out for 1 time after 20-30% of wild rice shoots are harvested.
2. the method for improving the effective tillering number and the yield of the double cropping water bamboo in autumn as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: the more weeds in the step (1) account for 10-20% of the field area.
3. The method for improving the effective tillering number and the yield of the double cropping water bamboo in autumn as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: and (4) most of the pregnant zizania latifolia plants in the step (3) are pregnant zizania latifolia plants with 90% of area.
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Cited By (1)
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| CN115053722B (en) * | 2022-06-15 | 2023-06-30 | 金华市农业科学研究院(浙江省农业机械研究院) | Water quantity control equipment and method for verifying influence of soil water content on effective tillering number of cane shoots |
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