CN110548136A - 汉坦病毒长肽疫苗 - Google Patents
汉坦病毒长肽疫苗 Download PDFInfo
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- CN110548136A CN110548136A CN201810539871.9A CN201810539871A CN110548136A CN 110548136 A CN110548136 A CN 110548136A CN 201810539871 A CN201810539871 A CN 201810539871A CN 110548136 A CN110548136 A CN 110548136A
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Abstract
本发明涉及汉坦病毒来源的免疫原性长肽或长肽组合物,并提供了诱导或增强汉坦病毒特异的免疫应答的方法。本发明还涉及包含这些肽、用于预防和/或治疗汉坦病毒相关疾病的疫苗和方法。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于疫苗学及抗病毒免疫学技术领域,具体涉及一种汉坦病毒的长肽疫苗及其在汉坦病毒相关疾病或感染中的预防和治疗用途。
背景技术
汉坦病毒(Hantavirus,HTV)在人类可引起两种急性发热性疾病:肾综合征出血热(Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome,HFRS)和汉坦病毒肺综合征(Hantaviruspulmonary syndrome,HPS)。HFRS主要流行于亚欧大陆,由汉滩病毒(Hantaan virus,HTNV)、普马拉病毒(Puumala virus,PUUV)、多布拉伐-贝尔格莱德病毒(Dobrava-Belgradevirus,DOBV)和首尔病毒(Seoul virus,SEOV)等引起。辛诺柏病毒(Sin Nombre virus,SNV)和安第斯山病毒(Andes viruses,ANDV)则主要在美洲大陆引起HPS。在中国,HFRS主要由HTNV和SEOV引起,其中HTNV引起的HFRS病情较重,死亡率较高。
目前,国内外上市的HFRS疫苗均为灭活病毒疫苗,包括乳鼠脑、沙鼠/地鼠肾原代细胞及Vero细胞来源的单价或双价疫苗。在我国,每年接种的鼠脑或细胞来源的灭活疫苗约200万剂,但HFRS的年发病人数仍有逾万例,病例数和死亡人数仍居世界高位(Zhang etal.,2010)。尽管一些研究认为灭活疫苗具有很好的保护作用,但国际上对灭活疫苗的保护作用一直存在着争议,其免疫效果受到了以Schmaljohn等为代表的另一些研究者的质疑(Jung et al.,2018;Park et al.,2004;Schmaljohn,2009)。灭活疫苗存在的主要问题是诱导的细胞免疫应答极弱,而中和抗体的滴度也不十分理想。三剂免疫后,人群中和抗体的阳性率只有45.07%(Song et al.,2016)。但灭活疫苗仍是目前唯一在中国等亚洲国家获准使用的HFRS预防疫苗,而在欧洲,至今还没有HFRS疫苗批准上市。针对这些情况,美国陆军传染病医学研究所的Schmaljohn在《Expert Rev Vaccines》上曾撰文分析了研制新型HFRS疫苗的重要性和可行性(Schmaljohn,2012)。
HTV为单股负链RNA有包膜病毒,基因组包括大(L)、中(M)、小(S)三个片段,其中L片段编码RNA多聚酶,M片段编码包膜糖蛋白Gn和Gc,S片段编码核蛋白N。通常,基于Gn/Gc糖蛋白的DNA疫苗和重组蛋白疫苗研究的目的旨在诱导机体产生中和抗体,其中美国陆军传染病医学研究所研制的针对HTNV/PUUV、SNV、SNV/ANDV等HTV血清型的DNA疫苗(Hooper etal.,2013;Hooper et al.,2014;Kwilas et al.,2014),获得了系列专利保护(WO 2004/058808,WO 2014/158123、US 2016/0346376等)。其中,针对HTNV/PUUV的DNA疫苗已进入I期临床,三剂免疫后,人群中和抗体的阳性率达到70%左右。而基于N核蛋白的疫苗研究的目的则大多旨在诱导机体产生细胞免疫应答,如用表达SNV核蛋白的重组腺病毒可诱导小鼠产生T细胞应答(Maeda et al.,2005)。从理论上讲,全长蛋白,如全长病毒结构蛋白,包括了所有的CD4+、CD8+T细胞表位和B细胞表位,并且可以和所有的MHC分子结合,是最理想的免疫原。但事实上,包括重组蛋白以及表达这种蛋白的重组病毒等在内的全长蛋白疫苗并没有取得预期的效果。
使用免疫原性组合物的目的是诱导机体产生抗体或者CD8+、CD4+T细胞以预防和/或治疗病毒性感染或疾病,尤其是那些具有与特定MHC I类分子结合的锚定残基的短肽常常被用来诱导CD8+T细胞应答。用HTNV核蛋白来源的最适CTL 9肽表位制备疫苗可在特定的动物模型中诱导产生CTL应答并降低其病毒载量(Ma et al.,2016)。但是,这些短肽的应用仅仅局限于那些携带有能够与这些短肽结合的特定MHC分子的人群。而且,在人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)多肽疫苗的研究中发现,与最适CTL表位组成的短肽相比,用包含有CTL和Th表位的HPV16E7 43–77长肽可诱导小鼠产生更为强烈的CD8+T细胞应答,并可有效清除HPV16阳性肿瘤,其原因是除了Th的辅助作用外,长肽更易被专职APC内吞、加工和提呈(Zwaveling etal.,2002)。因此,仍然需要研制新型的HTV疫苗。
HTV感染可诱导机体产生广谱的T细胞应答(Van Epps et al.,1999;Van Epps etal.,2002),但是,和抗体一样,并非所有的T细胞应答都是保护性的。早期研究认为,HTV特异性T细胞主要参与了病毒的免疫病理损伤过程(Kilpatrick et al.,2004;Terajima etal.,2007),但越来越多的证据提示病毒特异性T细胞也具有免疫保护作用(Ma et al.,2015;Wang et al.,2009)。不同功能状态的T细胞就像是一把双刃剑,可能在HFRS的发病机理中发挥着不同的作用(Terajima et al.,2011)。T细胞应答的这种双重作用为疫苗的设计提出了新的要求,那就是:在诱导保护性免疫应答的同时,也要注意避免引起免疫病理损伤。但是,灭活病毒疫苗或病毒结构蛋白亚单位疫苗中的某些成分,可能会诱导机体产生病理性的T细胞应答,从而削弱了疫苗的免疫效应。本发明的目的是提供一种可对作为疫苗组分的T细胞表位进行优化组合的长肽疫苗,从而实现这种对保护性免疫应答的选择性诱导。
发明内容
本发明第一次描述了一种HTV长肽疫苗,它是用HTV来源的肽段作为免疫原进行免疫接种,以诱导或增强机体针对HTV的免疫应答。优选地,所述免疫应答为T细胞免疫应答。本发明提供的长肽疫苗,可诱导机体产生强烈的以Th1应答为主的抗病毒T细胞免疫应答,突破了传统灭活疫苗不引起T细胞应答或T细胞应答极弱的局限性。
本发明的一个方面,提供了一种免疫原性组合物,包含至少一种类型的HTV属病毒来源的长度不超过100个氨基酸残基并包含至少19个在HTV蛋白质抗原一级结构上相邻的连续氨基酸的长肽或长肽组合。所述肽源自HTV但不超过100个氨基酸残基,故应该被理解的是,所述肽不同于全长HTV蛋白。除来自HTV蛋白的连续氨基酸序列外,所述肽还可以包含其他氨基酸或氨基酸序列,或者也可以完全由来自HTV蛋白的连续氨基酸序列组成。来自上述HTV蛋白的连续氨基酸序列的长度至少是19、20、21、22、23、24、25、26、27、28、29、30、31、32、33、34、35,36、37、38、39、40、41、42、43、44或45个氨基酸残基和/或优选不超过100、99、98、97、96、95、94、93、92、91、90、85、80、70、60、50、45、40或35个氨基酸残基。在一个优选的方案中,所述肽包含的来自上述HTV蛋白的连续氨基酸序列的长度为19–45个氨基酸残基。更优选地,为19–35个氨基酸残基。最优选地,为25–35个氨基酸残基。在另一个优选方案中,所述肽完全由来自HTV蛋白的连续氨基酸序列组成,也可以理解为,该连续氨基酸序列的两端都没有添加在天然HTV蛋白中不相邻的其他氨基酸残基。
本发明的另一个方面,提供了包含源自天然HTV蛋白的连续氨基酸序列的肽,所述连续氨基酸序列选自HTV Gn/Gc糖蛋白和/或N核蛋白的全长氨基酸序列。优选地,所述连续氨基酸序列选自HTV血清型HTNV、SEOV或DOBV的Gn/Gc糖蛋白和N核蛋白的全长氨基酸序列。更优选地,所述连续氨基酸序列选自HTNV的上述蛋白的全长氨基酸序列。
优选地,所述肽至少包含HTV Gn/Gc糖蛋白、N核蛋白来源的一个CD8+CTL表位和/或一个CD4+Th细胞表位和/或一个B细胞表位。更优选地,所述肽既包含至少一个CD8+CTL表位又包含至少一个CD4+Th细胞表位。
在一个实施方案中,所述病毒抗原为Gn/Gc糖蛋白、N核蛋白。在一个优选的方案中,以Gn/Gc糖蛋白、N核蛋白序列中免疫原性最强的区域作为免疫原。核蛋白是HTV中最为保守的结构蛋白,也是病毒特异性T细胞识别的主要靶点(Van Epps et al.,1999;VanEpps et al.,2002),但HTV核蛋白特异的抗体为非中和抗体,其B细胞表位主要位于N1–119区域(Gott et al.,1997)。我们前期研究发现,HTV特异的T细胞表位主要位于N核蛋白一级结构的中央部位和C端的115–429区域(Wang et al.,2015)。因此,在一个实施方案中,在疫苗设计时将N端的109个氨基酸排除在外。与核蛋白相反,Gn/Gc糖蛋白引起细胞免疫应答的免疫原性较弱,但Gn/Gc糖蛋白是中和抗体的主要靶点,已知的中和抗体表位主要位于Gc908–967区域(Heiskanen et al.,1999;Koch et al.,2003;Tischler et al.,2005)。在一个更优选的方案中,所述免疫原性区域为HTV N核蛋白的N110–429区域和Gn/Gc糖蛋白的Gc935–967区域。
根据更优选的实施方案,本发明的肽包含覆盖HTV N110–429、Gc935–967免疫原性热点区域的连续氨基酸序列,所述连续氨基酸序列选自:覆盖N110–429区域的HTV N110–136、HTV N124–158、HTV N144–169、HTV N155–189、HTV N175–200、HTV N191–225、HTVN213–245、HTV N235–269、HTV N255–289、HTV N275–309、HTV N297–321、HTVN310–341、HTVN327–354、HTV N341–373、HTV N359–391、HTV N377–408和HTVN395–429,以及覆盖Gc935–967区域的HTV Gc908–942和HTV Gc935–967。HTV Gn/Gc糖蛋白、N核蛋白来源的连续氨基酸序列优选是HTV血清型HTNV、SEOV或DOBV的连续氨基酸序列,最优选是HTV血清型HTNV的连续氨基酸序列。包含于本发明肽中更优选的连续氨基酸序列选自SEQ ID NOs:4–26。优选地,所述连续氨基酸序列选自SEQ ID NOs:5–6、9–10、14–19和21–26。更优选地,选自SEQ IDNOs:5–6、9–10和14–19。最优选地,选自SEQ ID NOs:5、9、15、18和19。
本发明的一个方面,提供了一种免疫原性组合物,包含一种或多种上述肽,优选地,包含至少2种或者至少3种或者至少4种或者更多种上述肽。
在一个实施方案中,所述免疫原性组合物取用HTNV、SEOV或DOBV的上述肽。
在一个实施方案中,所述免疫原性组合物仅取用源自HTNV的上述肽。在一个优选方案中,所述免疫原性组合物包含至少2种或者至少3种下列肽,所述肽包含下列序列、与下列序列部分重叠或者由下列序列组成:HTNV N110–136、HTNV N124–158、HTNV N144–169、HTNV N155–189、HTNV N175–200、HTNV N191–225、HTNV N213–245、HTNV N235–269、HTNVN255–289、HTNV N275–309、HTNV N297–321、HTNV N310–341、HTNV N327–354、HTNV N341–373、HTNV N359–391、HTNV N377–408和HTNV N395–429。由于HTNV核蛋白序列与SEOV、DOBV的同一性(Identities)高达84%,其中某些长肽的同一性甚至高达96%。此方案诱导产生的T细胞可与SEOV、DOBV产生交叉反应,可用于对HTNV、SEOV和DOBV引起的HFRS的免疫保护。
本发明还提供了一种HTV疫苗,包含至少一种HTV类型的至少2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10或更多种本发明的HTV长肽组合物,以及至少一种类型的佐剂或Toll样受体激动剂,所述HTV长肽源自HTV Gn/Gc糖蛋白、N核蛋白,所述HTV类型优选是HTNV、SEOV或DOBV,所述佐剂或Toll样受体激动剂包括Montanide ISA-51、CpG ODN、poly-ICLC和ISCOM型佐剂等。在一个优选方案中,每一种肽的量大约为1–1000μg。更优选地,为10–500μg。最优选地,为50–300μg。
本发明还提供了一种诱导或增强HTV特异的免疫应答的方法,包括给予受试者免疫原性组合物。所述免疫原性组合物包括至少一种类型的至少2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10或更多种本发明的HTV长肽组合物和至少一种类型的佐剂或Toll样受体激动剂,所述HTV长肽源自HTV Gn/Gc糖蛋白、N核蛋白,所述HTV类型优选是HTNV、SEOV或DOBV,所述佐剂或Toll样受体激动剂包括Montanide ISA-51、CpG ODN、poly-ICLC和ISCOM型佐剂等。本发明的肽优选用于诱导T细胞应答。
本发明还提供了一种用于预防/治疗HTV相关疾病的方法,包括给予受试者免疫原性组合物。所述免疫原性组合物包括至少一种类型的至少2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10或更多种本发明的HTV长肽组合物和至少一种类型的佐剂或Toll样受体激动剂,所述HTV长肽源自HTVGn/Gc糖蛋白、N核蛋白,所述HTV类型优选是HTNV、SEOV或DOBV,所述佐剂或Toll样受体激动剂包括Montanide ISA-51、CpG ODN、poly-ICLC和ISCOM型佐剂等。
本发明不局限于某一种方法产生的肽,只要产生的肽与任一特定的序列存在包含、部分重叠或组成的关系即可。例如,实施方案中的这些肽段可以经体外化学合成,也可以由细胞通过其编码核酸合成,还可通过删除或替代一个或几个氨基酸,或者在N端或C端添加氨基酸或活性基团,如共刺激分子或佐剂,以改善其生物活性。例如,一优选肽是SEQID NO:5(HTNV N124–158氨基酸序列),包含SEQ ID NO:5的连续氨基酸序列的任何肽都包括于本发明中,且可以根据本发明来使用。在该优选方案(SEQ ID NO:5作为长肽或长肽的一部分)中,既不包含CN 102399265所公开的HTNV N129–137、N130–138和N131–139氨基酸序列也不由其组成。该段解释可应用于本发明涉及的任何肽。本领域的技术人员应当理解,各种HTV血清型的氨基酸序列都清楚地包含于本发明中。
免疫组合物中可加入任何免疫调节剂,如佐剂以及通过Toll样受体起作用的TLR激动剂。这些佐剂包括,但不局限于,IFA、Montanide ISA-51、Montanide ISA-720、CpGODN、poly-I:C、poly-ICLC和ISCOMs。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有以下有益的技术效果:首先,本发明提供的长肽疫苗,可诱导机体产生强烈的多功能(增殖、杀伤、分泌IFN-γ等细胞因子)的抗病毒T细胞免疫应答,突破了传统灭活疫苗不产生T细胞应答或T细胞应答极弱的局限性,且研究证实这些T细胞可分泌IFN-γ、TNF-α等与免疫保护有关的细胞因子,而不分泌IL-5、IL-10等与免疫损伤有关的因子,有望研制成新型的预防和治疗性疫苗;其次,本发明提供的长肽疫苗,具有免疫原性强、安全性高的优点;最后,本发明提供的长肽疫苗,制备方法简单易行,不需要耗时费力的病毒培养或载体构建过程。
说明书和权利要求中的“包括”,也可以用“主要包括”代替,不排除还有其他的成分。另外,说明书和权利要求中的“一个”、“一种”不排除存在一个以上的因素,除非上下文有明确的说明。
下列实施例和参考附图描述了本发明的优选实施方案,但应该被理解的是,本发明不局限于这些具体的实施方案。
附图说明
图1.HTNV长肽诱导产生的T细胞分泌的细胞因子主要为IFN-γ而很少为IL-5和IL-10。将覆盖HTNV N110–429的部分重叠长肽组合成5组,分别和CpG ODN 1826混合,先后2次接种BALB/c小鼠(n=3,每组)。用IFN-γ(A)、IL-5(B)、IL-10(C)ELISPOT测定第I组(N110–189)、第II组(N175–289)、第III组(N275–354)、第IV组(N341–429)、第V组(N110–429)长肽免疫小鼠T细胞分泌细胞因子的种类和水平。
图2.HTNV长肽疫苗可诱导免疫小鼠产生多表位的T细胞应答。用IFN-γELISPOT测定第I组(N110–189)(A)、第II组(N175–289)(B)、第III组(N275–354)(C)、第IV组(N341–429)(D)、第V组(N110–429)(E)长肽免疫小鼠T细胞对单个肽的应答水平。
图3.HTNV长肽诱导产生的T细胞可分泌IFN-γ、TNF-α等细胞因子。用胞内细胞因子染色法检测第I组(N110–189)、第II组(N175–289)、第III组(N275–354)、第IV组(N341–429)、第V组(N110–429)长肽疫苗再次免疫后诱导的CD4+T细胞应答。
图4.HTNV长肽诱导产生的T细胞可脱颗粒发挥杀伤功能。用CD107α脱颗粒试验检测第I组(N110–189)、第II组(N175–289)、第III组(N275–354)、第IV组(N341–429)、第V组(N110–429)长肽疫苗再次免疫后诱导的CD4+T细胞应答。
图5.HTNV长肽免疫小鼠T细胞可与SEOV、DOBV产生交叉反应。将覆盖HTNV N110–429的部分重叠长肽组合成5组,分别和CpG ODN 1826混合,先后2次接种BALB/c小鼠(n=3,每组)。用IFN-γELISPOT测定第I组(N110–189)(A)、第II组(N175–289)(B)、第III组(N275–354)(C)、第IV组(N341–429)(D)、第V组(N110–429)(E)长肽免疫小鼠T细胞对HTNV、SEOV、DOBV 19肽混合物的免疫应答。
具体实施方式
实施例.HTNV长肽组合物的免疫原性
1.材料和方法
1.1小鼠:6–8周龄BALB/c小鼠购自兰州军区兰州总医院动物实验中心。
1.2肽:根据HTNV 76-118株、SEOV R22株、DOBV Slo/Af-BER株N核蛋白、Gn/Gc糖蛋白序列,以及文献发表的T、B细胞表位密集的免疫优势区域,设计并合成HTNV长肽作为疫苗的抗原组分。N核蛋白是HTV中最为保守的结构蛋白,也是病毒特异性T细胞识别的主要靶点,其T细胞表位主要位于N核蛋白的115–429区域。综上考虑,设计了17条覆盖HTNV N110–429区域的肽,所述肽包括HTNV N110–136、HTNV N124–158、HTNV N144–169、HTNV N155–189、HTNV N175–200、HTNV N191–225、HTNV N213–245、HTNV N235–269、HTNV N255–289、HTNV N275–309、HTNV N297–321、HTNV N310–341、HTNV N327–354、HTNV N341–373、HTNVN359–391、HTNV N377–408和HTNV N395–429。上述肽用HPLC和质谱法分析其纯度在90%以上。
HTV“肽库”还包括覆盖HTNV、SEOV和DOBV核蛋白N115–429区域的部分重叠19肽各38条,相邻两条肽之间重叠11个氨基酸残基。HTNV、SEOV、DOBV 19肽分别被分组成4组混合物,对应于SEQ ID NO:1、SEQ ID NO:2、SEQ ID NO:3所示序列中N115–205、N195–285、N275–357、N347–429区域(Pool 1–4)。混合肽pool 1:N115–133、N123–141、N131–149、N139–157、N147–165、N155–173、N163–181、N171–189、N179–197、N187–205;pool 2:N195–213、N203–221、N211–229、N219–237、N227–245、N235–253、N243–261、N251–269、N259–277、N267–285;pool 3:N275–293、N283–301、N291–309、N299–317、N307–325、N315–333、N323–341、N331–349、N339–357;pool 4:N347–365、N355–373、N363–381、N371–389、N379–397、N387–405、N395–413、N403–421、N411–429。这些肽连同已知包含有HTNV特异的CD4+、CD8+T细胞表位的13条15肽及15条9肽作为检测肽,以实现对长肽疫苗免疫效果的综合检测和评价。上述肽用HPLC和质谱法分析其纯度在75%以上。
所有肽先用20%、15%、9%、0%(<20%)DMSO溶解,再用无菌PBS稀释至10mg/ml、5mg/ml、1mg/ml、0.5mg/ml、0.25mg/ml。-80℃保存。
1.3HTNV长肽疫苗的制备和小鼠免疫:将覆盖HTNV N110–429的部分重叠长肽组合成5组,分别和佐剂混合,免疫6–8周龄BALB/c小鼠(n=3,每组)。第I组(N110–189):HTNVN110–136、HTNV N124–158、HTNV N144–169、HTNV N155–189;第II组(N175–289):HTNVN175–200、HTNV N191–225、HTNV N213–245、HTNV N235–269、HTNV N255–289;第III组(N275–354):HTNV N275–309、HTNV N297–321、HTNV N310–341、HTNV N327–354;第IV组(N341–429):HTNV N341–373、HTNV N359–391、HTNV N377–408、HTNV N395–429;第V组(N110–429):包括以上所有长肽。
简言之,HTNV单一或混合长肽用少量DMSO溶解,PBS稀释至10mg/ml或5mg/ml,和以下佐剂混合后制备疫苗:IFA和Montanide ISA-51(人用IFA)与长肽混合后需乳化;DC细胞的TLR激动剂CpG ODN 1826和monophosphoryl lipid A(MPL)可先溶解于PBS中,注射前再与长肽混合。所述长肽疫苗的总体积为200ul,长肽的注射剂量为150μg/肽,CpG ODN 1826的用量为25μg。对6–8周龄BALB/c小鼠进行皮下免疫。对照组为DMSO/PBS/佐剂。在prime-boost实验中,小鼠初次免疫2周后,再用相同疫苗加强免疫一次。最后一次免疫10天后,进行免疫学研究。
1.4小鼠脾细胞的制备:首先,将免疫小鼠处安乐死并解剖取出脾脏。在70μm Cell Strainer上通过研磨法获得单个细胞悬液。用Hybri Max Red Blood CellLysing Buffer(Sigma)裂解红细胞,制备脾细胞悬液,液氮保存。
1.5应用IFN-γ、IL-5、IL-10ELISPOT测定小鼠脾细胞中可分泌IFN-γ、IL-5或IL-10的T细胞的频率:采用商品化IFN-γ、IL-5、IL-10ELISPOT试剂盒(Mabtech公司),按照说明书进行操作。用15μl 35%乙醇预湿96孔PVDF滤膜板(Millipore),PBS洗涤;用无菌PBS稀释1mg/ml抗鼠IFN-γmAb(AN18)、IL-5mAb(TRFK5)、IL-10mAb(16E3)至15μg/ml,包被96孔PVDF滤膜板,4℃过夜。用无菌PBS洗涤后,再用RPMI 1640/10%FCS 200μl/孔,室温封闭1h;调整新鲜分离的脾细胞密度至1–5×106/ml,每孔加入100μl细胞悬液,细胞数约为1–5×105/孔,依次加入2μl HTNV来源的单肽或混合肽(终浓度为10μg/ml),同时设阳性和阴性对照孔,阳性孔中加入2μl 0.5mg/ml Con A(终浓度10μg/ml),阴性孔不加肽或Con A,37℃、5%CO2孵育18h。PBS洗涤后,加入1μg/ml生物素化抗鼠IFN-γmAb(R4-6A2-Biotin)、抗IL-5mAb(TRFK4-Biotin)、抗IL-10mAb(2A5-Biotin),室温孵育3h;PBS洗涤后,加入ALP-链霉亲和素(PBS-0.5%FCS 1:1000稀释),室温孵育1h;PBS洗涤后,加入用10ml蒸馏水溶解的BCIP/NBT显色液100μl,室温避光显色10–30min;自来水冲洗晾干后,用CTLS6FluoroSpot Line ELISPOT读数仪(Cellular Technology Limited)扫描,并用ImmunoSpot 5.0.3软件分析。可分泌IFN-γ、IL-5、IL-10的T细胞数量是用刺激孔的斑点数减去未刺激孔的斑点数来计算,以复孔或3孔的ELISPOT斑点数的平均值来表示。如果某一孔的斑点数超过5或者是阴性对照孔的3倍或3倍以上,则被认为是阳性孔。
1.6胞内细胞因子染色技术和CD107a脱颗粒试验:复苏液氮保存的小鼠脾细胞,培养过夜。调整细胞密度为2-5×106/ml,取400μl重悬至12×75mm聚苯乙烯管。加入200μl含有CD28单抗、PMA/Ionomycin、肽,以及APC-anti-CD107a或同型对照的RPMI 1640/FCS培养基,共同孵育1h,然后再加入400μl含有胞内蛋白转运抑制剂GolgiPlug和GolgiStop的培养基孵育5h。培养结束后,加入50μl 20mM EDTA/PBS,猛烈振荡,37℃放置10min以分离粘附细胞。加入2ml预冷的PBS洗1次,430g×8min离心。加入Live/dead Fixable viability dye(Invitrogen)对死细胞室温染色20min。用PBS洗涤后,加入500μl BD cytofix/cytoperm,室温放置20min,对细胞进行破膜固定;用1×BD perm/wash洗涤后,加入APC-anti-CD3、PE-anti-CD3、AF488-anti-CD4、AF488-anti-CD8、PE-anti-IFN-γ、PE-anti-TNF-α、PE-anti-IL-2以及封闭液Fc Block(clone 2.4G2),4℃避光染色20min。用1×BD perm/wash洗涤2次后,用300-400μl染色缓冲液重悬,4℃避光保存,24h内用BD FACS calibur流式细胞仪上机,用FlowJo v10软件分析。以上试剂除特殊说明的,均购自BD Pharmingen公司。
1.7统计学方法:所有数据均表示为平均数±标准误(SEM),代表至少两个独立实验。
2.结果
2.1HTNV长肽组合物诱导的特异性T细胞主要分泌IFN-γ等Th1类细胞因子而不分泌或很少分泌IL-5、IL-10等Th2、Treg类细胞因子
将覆盖HTNV N110–429的部分重叠长肽组合成5组,分别和CpG ODN 1826混合,免疫6–8周龄BALB/c小鼠(n=3,每组)。在prime-boost实验中,小鼠初次免疫2周后,再用相同疫苗加强免疫一次。最后一次免疫10天后,以覆盖HTNV核蛋白N115–429序列的38条部分重叠19肽,以及我们前期实验鉴定及文献发表的包含CD4+、CD8+T细胞表位的13条15肽、15条9肽作为检测抗原,用IFN-γELISPOT测定免疫小鼠T细胞应答的水平。IFN-γELISPOT结果表明,用覆盖HTNV N110–429的长肽prime-boost免疫可诱导小鼠产生强烈的特异性T细胞应答,5组长肽疫苗免疫小鼠的T细胞均可在相应合成肽的刺激下分泌IFN-γ(图1A)。在每组免疫小鼠中,所有小鼠(3/3)均可对疫苗的接种产生特异性的免疫应答反应。在第I–IV组长肽组合物中,第I组长肽(N110–189)诱导T细胞免疫应答的能力最强,分泌IFN-γ的T细胞频率平均为208spots/106splenocytes,远远地高于第II组(N175–289)(mean,55spots/106splenocytes)、第III组(N275–354)(mean,70spots/106splenocytes)和第IV组(N341–429)(mean,64spots/106splenocytes)。尤为重要的是,以上各组长肽诱导产生的T细胞仅可对覆盖其相应区域的19肽、15肽或9肽表位产生特异性的应答(图1A,图2)。但难以置信的是,当以上各组长肽混合在一起免疫小鼠时,第V组(N110–429)并没有表现出完全迭加的T细胞应答,对某些肽段的应答反而受到了抑制:对Pool 1的应答与第I组单独免疫小鼠持平;对Pool 2的应答远高于第II组单独免疫小鼠,甚至高于第I组单独免疫小鼠,平均频率为255spots/106splenocytes;而对Pool 3、Pool 4的应答几乎检测不到,远低于第III、IV组单独免疫小鼠,提示在同一种病毒结构蛋白如HTNV核蛋白上的某些肽段之间,存在着协同作用,而在另一些肽段之间,尤其是在一级结构上相距较远的肽段之间存在着“抗原竞争”现象,这一发现也从理论上解释了灭活病毒或蛋白质疫苗为何不能有效地诱导机体产生细胞免疫应答。进一步的研究发现,HTNV长肽诱导产生的T细胞分泌的细胞因子主要为IFN-γ,少量为IL-5、IL-10(图1),提示长肽疫苗免疫后主要诱导Th1类而非Th2、Treg类细胞免疫应答。
2.2HTNV长肽组合物可诱导产生多表位的特异性T细胞应答
在38条19肽中,15条(39.5%)可刺激免疫小鼠脾细胞分泌IFN-γ,提示HTNV核蛋白来源的长肽组合物可诱导机体产生多表位的特异性T细胞应答(表1)。而且,在单个肽的水平上,进一步证实了在肽段N110–189与N175–289之间存在着协同作用,而在N110–289与N275–429区域之间存在着“抗原竞争”现象(图2)。出乎意料的是,在我们前期实验鉴定及文献发表的13个15肽人T细胞表位、12个9肽人CTL表位、3个小鼠CTL表位中,仅分别有5个、0个、1个可刺激免疫小鼠T细胞产生IFN-γ(表2),提示免疫小鼠与病毒感染者的T细胞靶向的表位存在着差异。而在文献鉴定的3个小鼠CTL表位中,同时被人HLA-A2.1和小鼠H-2Kd限制的N334-342(ILQDMRNTI)可刺激疫苗免疫的BALB/c小鼠脾细胞产生特异性CTL应答(图2C),而H-2Kb限制的N221-228(SVIGFLAL)和N328-335(LGAFFSIL)则不能。
在CTL应答的检测中,我们还发现,与包含9肽序列的19肽N331–349相比,用9肽N334–342刺激免疫小鼠脾细胞可检测到更高频率的分泌IFN-γ的T细胞(图2C),提示用部分重叠19肽作为检测肽,可能低估了免疫小鼠脾细胞中T细胞尤其是CTL应答的水平。
2.3HTNV长肽组合物诱导的特异性T细胞可分泌IFN-γ、TNF-α等多种Th1类细胞因子
将覆盖HTNV N110–429的部分重叠长肽组合成5组,分别和CpG ODN 1826混合,免疫6–8周龄BALB/c小鼠(n=3,每组)。在prime-boost实验中,小鼠初次免疫2周后,再用相同疫苗加强免疫一次。最后一次免疫10天后,以覆盖HTNV核蛋白N115–429序列的38条部分重叠19肽作为检测抗原,刺激脾细胞6h,用胞内细胞因子染色技术测定免疫小鼠T细胞分泌细胞因子的种类和水平。胞内细胞因子染色结果表明,用覆盖HTNV N110–429的长肽prime-boost免疫可诱导小鼠产生特异性T细胞应答,5组长肽疫苗免疫小鼠的T细胞均可在相应19肽的刺激下分泌IFN-γ、TNF-α等多种Th1类细胞因子(图3)
2.4HTNV长肽组合物诱导的特异性T细胞具有杀伤功能
将覆盖HTNV N110–429的部分重叠长肽组合成五组,分别和CpG ODN 1826混合,免疫6–8周龄BALB/c小鼠(n=3,每组)。小鼠初次免疫2周后,再用相同疫苗加强免疫一次。最后一次免疫10天后,取脾细胞,以覆盖HTNV核蛋白N115–429序列的38条部分重叠19肽作为检测抗原,在APC-anti-CD107a或同型对照存在的情况下,刺激脾细胞6h,用Live/deadRed、PE-anti-CD3、AF488-anti-CD4、AF488-anti-CD8对细胞进行染色,用流式细胞仪测定免疫小鼠CD107a阳性T细胞的百分率。发现HTNV长肽诱导的特异性T细胞可脱颗粒发挥杀伤功能(图4)。
2.5HTNV长肽组合物免疫小鼠T细胞可与SEOV、DOBV产生交叉反应
将覆盖HTNV N110–429的部分重叠长肽组合成5组,分别和CpG ODN 1826混合,免疫6–8周龄BALB/c小鼠(n=3,每组)。小鼠初次免疫2周后,再用相同疫苗加强免疫一次。最后一次免疫10天后,以覆盖HTNV、SEOV、DOBV核蛋白N115–205、N195–285、N275–357、N347–429区域的19肽混合物(Pool 1–4)作为检测肽,用IFN-γELISPOT测定HTNV N110–429长肽组合物免疫小鼠T细胞对HTNV、SEOV、DOBV应答的水平。IFN-γELISPOT结果表明,HTNVN110–429长肽诱导小鼠产生的特异性T细胞可与SEOV、DOBV产生较强的交叉反应(图5)。
表1.小鼠HTNV特异的19肽T细胞表位
*仅显示在5组长肽疫苗免疫小鼠中最高的T细胞应答频率。
表2.人15肽、9肽T细胞表位在疫苗免疫小鼠中的检出情况
*仅显示在5组长肽疫苗免疫小鼠中最高的T细胞应答频率。加粗者为阳性。
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Ile Asp Ala Gly Cys Asn Leu Ile Asp His Ile Asp Ser Pro Ser Ser
290 295 300
Ile Trp Val Phe Ala Gly Ala Pro Asp Arg Cys Pro Pro Thr Cys Leu
305 310 315 320
Phe Ile Ala Gly Met Ala Glu Leu Gly Ala Phe Phe Ala Val Leu Gln
325 330 335
Asp Met Arg Asn Thr Ile Met Ala Ser Lys Thr Ile Gly Thr Ser Glu
340 345 350
Glu Lys Leu Lys Lys Lys Ser Ser Phe Tyr Gln Ser Tyr Leu Arg Arg
355 360 365
Thr Gln Ser Met Gly Ile Gln Leu Asp Gln Arg Ile Ile Val Leu Phe
370 375 380
Met Val Asp Trp Gly Lys Glu Ala Val Asp Ser Phe His Leu Gly Asp
385 390 395 400
Asp Met Asp Pro Glu Leu Arg Gly Leu Ala Gln Ala Leu Ile Asp Gln
405 410 415
Lys Val Lys Glu Ile Ser Asn Gln Glu Pro Leu Lys Leu
420 425
<210> 4
<211> 27
<212> PRT
<213> Artificial Sequence
<400> 4
Asp Glu Pro Thr Gly Gln Thr Ala Asp Trp Leu Ser Ile Ile Val Tyr
1 5 10 15
Leu Thr Ser Phe Val Val Pro Ile Leu Leu Lys
20 25
<210> 5
<211> 35
<212> PRT
<213> Artificial Sequence
<400> 5
Val Tyr Leu Thr Ser Phe Val Val Pro Ile Leu Leu Lys Ala Leu Tyr
1 5 10 15
Met Leu Thr Thr Arg Gly Arg Gln Thr Thr Lys Asp Asn Lys Gly Thr
20 25 30
Arg Ile Arg
35
<210> 6
<211> 26
<212> PRT
<213> Artificial Sequence
<400> 6
Arg Gly Arg Gln Thr Thr Lys Asp Asn Lys Gly Thr Arg Ile Arg Phe
1 5 10 15
Lys Asp Asp Ser Ser Phe Glu Asp Val Asn
20 25
<210> 7
<211> 35
<212> PRT
<213> Artificial Sequence
<400> 7
Thr Arg Ile Arg Phe Lys Asp Asp Ser Ser Phe Glu Asp Val Asn Gly
1 5 10 15
Ile Arg Lys Pro Lys His Leu Tyr Val Ser Leu Pro Asn Ala Gln Ser
20 25 30
Ser Met Lys
35
<210> 8
<211> 26
<212> PRT
<213> Artificial Sequence
<400> 8
Lys His Leu Tyr Val Ser Leu Pro Asn Ala Gln Ser Ser Met Lys Ala
1 5 10 15
Glu Glu Ile Thr Pro Gly Arg Tyr Arg Thr
20 25
<210> 9
<211> 35
<212> PRT
<213> Artificial Sequence
<400> 9
Glu Glu Ile Thr Pro Gly Arg Tyr Arg Thr Ala Val Cys Gly Leu Tyr
1 5 10 15
Pro Ala Gln Ile Lys Ala Arg Gln Met Ile Ser Pro Val Met Ser Val
20 25 30
Ile Gly Phe
35
<210> 10
<211> 33
<212> PRT
<213> Artificial Sequence
<400> 10
Arg Gln Met Ile Ser Pro Val Met Ser Val Ile Gly Phe Leu Ala Leu
1 5 10 15
Ala Lys Asp Trp Ser Asp Arg Ile Glu Gln Trp Leu Ile Glu Pro Cys
20 25 30
Lys
<210> 11
<211> 35
<212> PRT
<213> Artificial Sequence
<400> 11
Arg Ile Glu Gln Trp Leu Ile Glu Pro Cys Lys Leu Leu Pro Asp Thr
1 5 10 15
Ala Ala Val Ser Leu Leu Gly Gly Pro Ala Thr Asn Arg Asp Tyr Leu
20 25 30
Arg Gln Arg
35
<210> 12
<211> 35
<212> PRT
<213> Artificial Sequence
<400> 12
Leu Leu Gly Gly Pro Ala Thr Asn Arg Asp Tyr Leu Arg Gln Arg Gln
1 5 10 15
Val Ala Leu Gly Asn Met Glu Thr Lys Glu Ser Lys Ala Ile Arg Gln
20 25 30
His Ala Glu
35
<210> 13
<211> 35
<212> PRT
<213> Artificial Sequence
<400> 13
Asn Met Glu Thr Lys Glu Ser Lys Ala Ile Arg Gln His Ala Glu Ala
1 5 10 15
Ala Gly Cys Ser Met Ile Glu Asp Ile Glu Ser Pro Ser Ser Ile Trp
20 25 30
Val Phe Ala
35
<210> 14
<211> 25
<212> PRT
<213> Artificial Sequence
<400> 14
Glu Asp Ile Glu Ser Pro Ser Ser Ile Trp Val Phe Ala Gly Ala Pro
1 5 10 15
Asp Arg Cys Pro Pro Thr Cys Leu Phe
20 25
<210> 15
<211> 32
<212> PRT
<213> Artificial Sequence
<400> 15
Gly Ala Pro Asp Arg Cys Pro Pro Thr Cys Leu Phe Ile Ala Gly Ile
1 5 10 15
Ala Glu Leu Gly Ala Phe Phe Ser Ile Leu Gln Asp Met Arg Asn Thr
20 25 30
<210> 16
<211> 28
<212> PRT
<213> Artificial Sequence
<400> 16
Glu Leu Gly Ala Phe Phe Ser Ile Leu Gln Asp Met Arg Asn Thr Ile
1 5 10 15
Met Ala Ser Lys Thr Val Gly Thr Ser Glu Glu Lys
20 25
<210> 17
<211> 33
<212> PRT
<213> Artificial Sequence
<400> 17
Thr Ile Met Ala Ser Lys Thr Val Gly Thr Ser Glu Glu Lys Leu Arg
1 5 10 15
Lys Lys Ser Ser Phe Tyr Gln Ser Tyr Leu Arg Arg Thr Gln Ser Met
20 25 30
Gly
<210> 18
<211> 33
<212> PRT
<213> Artificial Sequence
<400> 18
Ser Ser Phe Tyr Gln Ser Tyr Leu Arg Arg Thr Gln Ser Met Gly Ile
1 5 10 15
Gln Leu Gly Gln Arg Ile Ile Val Leu Phe Met Val Ala Trp Gly Lys
20 25 30
Glu
<210> 19
<211> 32
<212> PRT
<213> Artificial Sequence
<400> 19
Gly Gln Arg Ile Ile Val Leu Phe Met Val Ala Trp Gly Lys Glu Ala
1 5 10 15
Val Asp Asn Phe His Leu Gly Asp Asp Met Asp Pro Glu Leu Arg Thr
20 25 30
<210> 20
<211> 35
<212> PRT
<213> Artificial Sequence
<400> 20
Asn Phe His Leu Gly Asp Asp Met Asp Pro Glu Leu Arg Thr Leu Ala
1 5 10 15
Gln Ser Leu Ile Asp Val Lys Val Lys Glu Ile Ser Asn Gln Glu Pro
20 25 30
Leu Lys Leu
35
<210> 21
<211> 35
<212> PRT
<213> Artificial Sequence
<400> 21
Gly Asn Met Val Ser Gly Tyr Lys Lys Val Met Ala Thr Ile Asp Ser
1 5 10 15
Phe Gln Ser Phe Asn Thr Ser Thr Met His Phe Thr Asp Glu Arg Ile
20 25 30
Glu Trp Lys
35
<210> 22
<211> 33
<212> PRT
<213> Artificial Sequence
<400> 22
Thr Asp Glu Arg Ile Glu Trp Lys Asp Pro Asp Gly Met Leu Arg Asp
1 5 10 15
His Ile Asn Ile Leu Val Thr Lys Asp Ile Asp Phe Asp Asn Leu Gly
20 25 30
Glu
<210> 23
<211> 35
<212> PRT
<213> Artificial Sequence
<400> 23
Asn Ile Ile Ser Gly Tyr Lys Lys Val Leu Ala Thr Ile Asp Ser Phe
1 5 10 15
Gln Ser Phe Asn Thr Ser Asn Ile His Phe Thr Asp Glu Arg Ile Glu
20 25 30
Trp Arg Asp
35
<210> 24
<211> 33
<212> PRT
<213> Artificial Sequence
<400> 24
Asp Glu Arg Ile Glu Trp Arg Asp Pro Asp Gly Met Leu Arg Asp His
1 5 10 15
Ile Asn Ile Val Ile Ser Lys Asp Ile Asp Phe Glu Asn Leu Ala Glu
20 25 30
Asn
<210> 25
<211> 35
<212> PRT
<213> Artificial Sequence
<400> 25
Gly Asn Met Val Ser Gly Tyr Lys Lys Val Met Ala Thr Ile Asp Ser
1 5 10 15
Phe Gln Ser Phe Asn Thr Ser Ser Ile His Tyr Thr Asp Glu Arg Ile
20 25 30
Glu Trp Lys
35
<210> 26
<211> 33
<212> PRT
<213> Artificial Sequence
<400> 26
Thr Asp Glu Arg Ile Glu Trp Lys Asp Pro Asp Gly Met Leu Lys Asp
1 5 10 15
His Leu Asn Ile Leu Val Thr Lys Asp Ile Asp Phe Glu Asn Leu Gly
20 25 30
Glu
Claims (16)
1.一种免疫原性组合物,包含至少一种类型的汉坦病毒(HTV)来源的病毒抗原长肽,所述肽的长度不超过100个氨基酸残基并包含至少19个在HTV抗原一级结构上相邻的连续氨基酸残基。
2.根据权利要求1所述的免疫原性组合物,其特征在于,所述连续氨基酸的长度为19–45个氨基酸残基。
3.根据权利要求2所述的免疫原性组合物,其特征在于,所述连续氨基酸的长度为25–35个氨基酸残基。
4.根据权利要求1所述的免疫原性组合物,其中所述的至少一种类型的HTV来源的长肽选自:汉滩病毒(HTNV)、首尔病毒(SEOV)或多布拉伐-贝尔格莱德病毒(DOBV)。
5.根据权利要求1所述的免疫原性组合物,其特征在于,所述病毒抗原包括HTV结构蛋白Gn/Gc糖蛋白、N核蛋白。
6.根据权利要求1或5所述的免疫原性组合物,其特征在于,所述连续氨基酸包含来源于HTV Gn/Gc糖蛋白、N核蛋白的一个T细胞表位,所述T细胞表位包括CD8+CTL表位和CD4+Th细胞表位。
7.根据权利要求6所述的免疫原性组合物,其特征在于,所述连续氨基酸包含来源于HTVN核蛋白氨基酸序列的N110–429区域的一个T细胞表位。
8.根据权利要求7所述的免疫原性组合物,其特征在于,所述连续氨基酸选自SEQ IDNOs:5–6、9–10和14–19。
9.根据权利要求8所述的免疫原性组合物,其特征在于,所述连续氨基酸选自SEQ IDNOs:5、9、15、18和19。
10.根据权利要求1或5所述的免疫原性组合物,其特征在于,所述连续氨基酸包含来源于HTV Gn/Gc糖蛋白、N核蛋白的一个B细胞表位。
11.根据权利要求10所述的免疫原性组合物,其特征在于,所述连续氨基酸包含来源于HTV Gn/Gc糖蛋白Gc908–967区域的一个B细胞表位。
12.根据权利要求11所述的免疫原性组合物,其特征在于,所述连续氨基酸选自SEQ IDNOs:21–26。
13.一种HTV长肽疫苗,其特征在于,由权利要求1–12所述的长肽与佐剂或Toll样受体激动剂中的一种或多种混合或乳化后制备而成。
14.根据权利要求13所述的HTV长肽疫苗,其中佐剂或Toll样受体激动剂主要包括IFA、Montanide ISA-51、CpG ODN、poly-I:C、poly-ICLC、ISCOM型佐剂。
15.权利要求1–14的任一项的免疫原性组合物在制备用于诱导或增强HTV特异的免疫应答的药物中的用途。
16.权利要求1–14的任一项的免疫原性组合物在制备用于预防和/或治疗HTV相关疾病或感染的药物中的用途。
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Cited By (3)
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CN113234129A (zh) * | 2021-05-08 | 2021-08-10 | 中国人民解放军空军军医大学 | Hla-e限制性htnv结构蛋白特异性cd8+t细胞表位肽及其聚合物和应用 |
CN114478719A (zh) * | 2022-02-11 | 2022-05-13 | 中国人民解放军空军军医大学 | 一组汉坦病毒包膜糖蛋白的优势表位肽、其编码基因及应用 |
CN116396980A (zh) * | 2022-11-07 | 2023-07-07 | 中国人民解放军空军军医大学 | 基于汉滩和汉城病毒包膜糖蛋白保守区域设计的通用亚单位疫苗及其制备方法和应用 |
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Cited By (5)
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CN113234129A (zh) * | 2021-05-08 | 2021-08-10 | 中国人民解放军空军军医大学 | Hla-e限制性htnv结构蛋白特异性cd8+t细胞表位肽及其聚合物和应用 |
CN113234129B (zh) * | 2021-05-08 | 2023-02-07 | 中国人民解放军空军军医大学 | Hla-e限制性htnv结构蛋白特异性cd8+t细胞表位肽及其聚合物和应用 |
CN114478719A (zh) * | 2022-02-11 | 2022-05-13 | 中国人民解放军空军军医大学 | 一组汉坦病毒包膜糖蛋白的优势表位肽、其编码基因及应用 |
CN116396980A (zh) * | 2022-11-07 | 2023-07-07 | 中国人民解放军空军军医大学 | 基于汉滩和汉城病毒包膜糖蛋白保守区域设计的通用亚单位疫苗及其制备方法和应用 |
CN116396980B (zh) * | 2022-11-07 | 2024-03-15 | 中国人民解放军空军军医大学 | 基于汉滩和汉城病毒包膜糖蛋白保守区域设计的通用亚单位疫苗及其制备方法和应用 |
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