CN110545948A - 借助激光诱导的深度蚀刻来加工、尤其分割基板的方法 - Google Patents

借助激光诱导的深度蚀刻来加工、尤其分割基板的方法 Download PDF

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CN110545948A
CN110545948A CN201880025435.8A CN201880025435A CN110545948A CN 110545948 A CN110545948 A CN 110545948A CN 201880025435 A CN201880025435 A CN 201880025435A CN 110545948 A CN110545948 A CN 110545948A
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R.奥斯索尔特
N.安布罗修斯
D.邓克尔
A.施努尔
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    • B23K26/00Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/0006Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring taking account of the properties of the material involved
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/02Positioning or observing the workpiece, e.g. with respect to the point of impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam
    • B23K26/06Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing
    • B23K26/062Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing by direct control of the laser beam
    • B23K26/0622Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing by direct control of the laser beam by shaping pulses
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/36Removing material
    • B23K26/361Removing material for deburring or mechanical trimming
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/36Removing material
    • B23K26/362Laser etching
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/36Removing material
    • B23K26/40Removing material taking account of the properties of the material involved
    • B23K26/402Removing material taking account of the properties of the material involved involving non-metallic material, e.g. isolators
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    • B23K26/00Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/50Working by transmitting the laser beam through or within the workpiece
    • B23K26/53Working by transmitting the laser beam through or within the workpiece for modifying or reforming the material inside the workpiece, e.g. for producing break initiation cracks
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03BMANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
    • C03B33/00Severing cooled glass
    • C03B33/02Cutting or splitting sheet glass or ribbons; Apparatus or machines therefor
    • C03B33/0222Scoring using a focussed radiation beam, e.g. laser
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    • C03CCHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C15/00Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by etching
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C03CCHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C23/00Other surface treatment of glass not in the form of fibres or filaments
    • C03C23/0005Other surface treatment of glass not in the form of fibres or filaments by irradiation
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    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2103/00Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
    • B23K2103/50Inorganic material, e.g. metals, not provided for in B23K2103/02 – B23K2103/26
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种借助激光诱导的深度蚀刻来加工基板的方法,其中,激光束沿加工线运动,并且将各个脉冲以空间上的激光脉冲间距(d)引导到基板上。接下来通过蚀刻以蚀刻速率(R)和蚀刻时长(t)在1>d/(R*t)>10‑5的条件下实施各向异性的材料剥除。

Description

借助激光诱导的深度蚀刻来加工、尤其分割基板的方法
本发明涉及一种借助激光诱导的深度蚀刻来加工、尤其分割尤其平坦的基板的方法,其中,将脉冲式激光束以空间上的激光脉冲间距引导到基板上,并且接下来通过蚀刻以蚀刻速率和蚀刻时长实施各向异性的材料剥除。
这种被称为LIDE(激光诱导的深度蚀刻Laser Induced Deep Etching)的用于借助激光诱导的深度蚀刻来精确地加工玻璃的方法是已知的。在此,LIDE方法可以以最高的速度施加极为精确的孔洞(玻璃通孔Through Glass Via=TGV)和结构并且由此为更多地使用玻璃作为微系统技术中的材料创造了条件。
在激光诱导的深度蚀刻(例如WO 2014/161534 A2和WO 2016/04144 A1)中,借助激光脉冲或者脉冲序列在沿射束轴的纵长区域上、常常在透明材料、例如玻璃板的整个厚度上对透明材料进行改性,以便在接下来的湿化学的蚀刻池中各向异性地对所述改性进行蚀刻。如果激光脉冲以适合的空间上的间距沿轮廓输出到材料上,则材料在各向异性的材料剥除期间沿轮廓被分割。
在此,激光能量输入用于激发或触发反应并且通过转换进行改性,其作用首先在接下来的方法步骤中导致或用于希望的材料分离。
通过基于改性和必要时接下来经由蚀刻工艺实施的各向异性的材料剥除来实现分割过程的方式,对于分割过程可以不使用连续的、而是使用面状作用的剥除工艺,这仅仅对过程有非常少的要求。尤其能够在材料剥除的作用时长内定量且定性地针对所有以描述的方式方法预处理的且相应改性的区域同时实施,使得用于产生多个凹空或穿孔的时间耗费在总和上明显减少。
通过各个脉冲彼此间隔的作用位置的按照原理的关联(Verkettung)及其随后通过蚀刻过程的连接,导致形成分割面,所述分割面不是平坦的。而是产生波纹或齿部,类似相连的齿孔。
这种原则上不希望的不平坦的分割面能够通过激光脉冲间距来调整,其中,通常由此出发,即,较小的激光脉冲间距导致较小地成型出波纹或齿部。
由此,在该方法中,一方面通过较大的激光脉冲间距实现的快速加工进度,另一方面截面的近似走向的尽可能光滑的、平顺的延伸,这两个基本目标彼此冲突。
本发明所要解决的技术问题是,以理想的方式满足或协调两个目标。所述技术问题按照本发明通过根据权利要求1的技术特征的方法解决。本发明的另外的设计方案由从属权利要求获得。
按照本发明规定一种方法,其中,根据以下规则确定加工参数:
1>d/(R*t)>10-5
优选地根据以下规则:
1>d/(R*t)>10-3
其中,d=激光脉冲间距,R=蚀刻速率和t=蚀刻时长。
由此,根据LIDE方法切割的基板或者构件的被加工的侧面具有减小的粗糙度,其中,本发明基于令人惊讶的关于粗糙度与脉冲间距和蚀刻时长的认知,即,脉冲间距为了尽可能光滑的表面不是选择成尽可能地小,而是需要根据前述的规定进行确定。
取决于脉冲间距的表面的粗糙度通常尤其具有大约1μm至3μm的局部最小值。最小值的位置取决于基板材料、使用的蚀刻化学工艺以及另外的过程参数。
按照本发明,在通过激光束改性的位置上可以在蚀刻池中进行各向异性的材料剥除。由此,具有较大高宽比(基板的厚度D与切割间隙宽度b的比)的结构以以下条件产生
12>D/b>1。
在此,通过湿化学式蚀刻的材料剥除通过蚀刻速率R和蚀刻时长t的乘积描述,其与基板的厚度D相比更小。优选地适用:
D/(R*t)>3。
尤其优选地适用:
D/(R*t)>12。
使用的基板材料优选是玻璃,用于激光诱导的深度蚀刻使用的波长对于玻璃来说是透明的。在使用石英玻璃时能够实现特别大的高宽比和特别小的粗糙度。
本发明允许实施不同的设计方式。为了进一步明确其原理,在附图中示出并且接下来进一步阐述本发明。在原理示意图中:
图1示出不同的激光脉冲间距(d)和蚀刻时长(t)的视图;
图2示出在一个激光脉冲间距(d=3μm)和蚀刻时长(t=35min)下的截面的表面轮廓的视图;
图3示出在一个激光脉冲间距(d=10μm)和蚀刻时长(t=35min)下的截面的表面轮廓的视图;
图4示出在不同的材料剥除时激光脉冲间距(d)和粗糙度Ra的比例关系。
图1示意性地示出根据激光脉冲间距d和蚀刻时长t(在蚀刻速率R恒定的情况下)所产生的截面的怎样不同的波纹度或粗糙度。根据所希望的,脉冲间距d选择得越小且蚀刻时长t选择得越长,则粗糙度越小。
这在图2和3中结合截面的表面轮廓示出。在相同的蚀刻时长t=35分钟和相同的蚀刻速率R下,也就是在相同的R*t乘积和由此相同的通过湿化学蚀刻造成的材料剥除量下,在两种激光脉冲间距d=3μm(图2)和d=10μm(图3)下产生出非常不同的表面。
图4示出对于不同的材料剥除量(etch removal)来说粗糙度Ra(roughness)随激光脉冲间距d(pitch)的变化。在大约2至3μm的激光脉冲间距d下,粗糙度Ra的局部最小值达到约0.05至0.08μm。这仅仅轻微地受到材料剥除量以及蚀刻速率与蚀刻时长的乘积的影响。

Claims (9)

1.一种借助激光诱导的深度蚀刻来加工、尤其分割尤其平坦的基板的方法,其中,激光束沿加工线运动,并且将各个脉冲以空间上的激光脉冲间距(d)引导到基板上,并且接下来通过蚀刻以蚀刻速率(R)和蚀刻时长(t)实施各向异性的材料剥除,其特征在于,加工参数的调整根据以下条件进行:
1>d/(R*t)>10-5
2.按照权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,加工参数的调整根据以下条件进行:
1>d/(R*t)>10-3
3.按照权利要求1或2所述的方法,其特征在于,基板的厚度(D)与横向于加工线的切割间隙宽度(b)的高宽比根据以下条件进行调整:
12>D/b>1。
4.按照前述权利要求至少一项所述的方法,其特征在于,基板的原始厚度(D)与蚀刻速率(R)和蚀刻时长(t)的乘积的比例大于3:
D/(R*t)>3。
5.按照前述权利要求至少一项所述的方法,其特征在于,基板的原始厚度(D)与蚀刻速率(R)和蚀刻时长(t)的乘积的比例大于5:
D/(R*t)>5。
6.按照前述权利要求至少一项所述的方法,其特征在于,基板的原始厚度(D)与蚀刻速率(R)和蚀刻时长(t)的乘积的比例大于8:
D/(R*t)>8。
7.按照前述权利要求至少一项所述的方法,其特征在于,基板的原始厚度(D)与蚀刻速率(R)和蚀刻时长(t)的乘积的比例大于10:
D/(R*t)>10。
8.按照前述权利要求至少一项所述的方法,其特征在于,基板的原始厚度(D)与蚀刻速率(R)和蚀刻时长(t)的乘积的比例大于12:
D/(R*t)>12。
9.按照前述权利要求至少一项所述的方法,其特征在于,基板由玻璃、尤其石英玻璃构成。
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