CN110545912B - 用于由d2o制备氘代乙醇的方法 - Google Patents
用于由d2o制备氘代乙醇的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN110545912B CN110545912B CN201880027170.5A CN201880027170A CN110545912B CN 110545912 B CN110545912 B CN 110545912B CN 201880027170 A CN201880027170 A CN 201880027170A CN 110545912 B CN110545912 B CN 110545912B
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- ethanol
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-LIDOUZCJSA-N ethanol-d6 Chemical compound [2H]OC([2H])([2H])C([2H])([2H])[2H] LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-LIDOUZCJSA-N 0.000 title claims description 12
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 161
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 239000006184 cosolvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 27
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 21
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical group C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- SKTCDJAMAYNROS-UHFFFAOYSA-N methoxycyclopentane Chemical compound COC1CCCC1 SKTCDJAMAYNROS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
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- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 19
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- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
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- 125000006615 aromatic heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
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- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- BZLVMXJERCGZMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl tert-butyl ether Chemical compound COC(C)(C)C BZLVMXJERCGZMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 4
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 4
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- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000005481 NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 3
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 235000013334 alcoholic beverage Nutrition 0.000 description 3
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- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052805 deuterium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000003601 C2-C6 alkynyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZAFNJMIOTHYJRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diisopropyl ether Chemical compound CC(C)OC(C)C ZAFNJMIOTHYJRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- AFVFQIVMOAPDHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanesulfonic acid Chemical compound CS(O)(=O)=O AFVFQIVMOAPDHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YZCKVEUIGOORGS-IGMARMGPSA-N Protium Chemical group [1H] YZCKVEUIGOORGS-IGMARMGPSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000000304 alkynyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000002029 aromatic hydrocarbon group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000002051 biphasic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanoic acid Natural products OC=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene-4-sulfonic acid Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(S(O)(=O)=O)C=C1 JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ITMCEJHCFYSIIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N triflic acid Chemical group OS(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F ITMCEJHCFYSIIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RIOQSEWOXXDEQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenylphosphine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 RIOQSEWOXXDEQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WSLDOOZREJYCGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-Dichloroethane Chemical compound ClCCCl WSLDOOZREJYCGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LVEYOSJUKRVCCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-Bis(diphenylphosphino)propane Substances C=1C=CC=CC=1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)CCCP(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 LVEYOSJUKRVCCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RRQYJINTUHWNHW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethoxy-2-(2-ethoxyethoxy)ethane Chemical compound CCOCCOCCOCC RRQYJINTUHWNHW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JWUJQDFVADABEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyltetrahydrofuran Chemical compound CC1CCCO1 JWUJQDFVADABEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3-methoxyphenyl)aniline Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)=C1 OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005711 Benzoic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- ROFVEXUMMXZLPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bipyridyl Chemical compound N1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=N1 ROFVEXUMMXZLPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bromide Chemical compound [Br-] CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen bromide Chemical compound Br CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylacetamide Chemical compound CN(C)C(C)=O FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-Xylene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DKGAVHZHDRPRBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tert-Butanol Chemical compound CC(C)(C)O DKGAVHZHDRPRBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000011054 acetic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- HSFWRNGVRCDJHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-acetylene Natural products C#C HSFWRNGVRCDJHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002178 anthracenyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC2=CC3=CC=CC=C3C=C12)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000004618 benzofuryl group Chemical group O1C(=CC2=C1C=CC=C2)* 0.000 description 1
- 235000010233 benzoic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000004196 benzothienyl group Chemical group S1C(=CC2=C1C=CC=C2)* 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011203 carbon fibre reinforced carbon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000015165 citric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004440 column chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012043 crude product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000113 cyclohexyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940019778 diethylene glycol diethyl ether Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000035622 drinking Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000002534 ethynyl group Chemical group [H]C#C* 0.000 description 1
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 238000004508 fractional distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010575 fractional recrystallization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002541 furyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000000383 hazardous chemical Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001072 heteroaryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000004678 hydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen iodide Chemical compound I XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001041 indolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000543 intermediate Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002372 labelling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003760 magnetic stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940098779 methanesulfonic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
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- 125000001624 naphthyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
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- 235000006408 oxalic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000002097 pentamethylcyclopentadienyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000003003 phosphines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 125000004368 propenyl group Chemical group C(=CC)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000002568 propynyl group Chemical group [*]C#CC([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000010926 purge Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004076 pyridyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000168 pyrrolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000005493 quinolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000002285 radioactive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 1
- YAYGSLOSTXKUBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N ruthenium(2+) Chemical compound [Ru+2] YAYGSLOSTXKUBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003335 secondary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010561 standard procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000547 substituted alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004434 sulfur atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001544 thienyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000003613 toluenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000003944 tolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
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- ITMCEJHCFYSIIV-UHFFFAOYSA-M triflate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F ITMCEJHCFYSIIV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07B—GENERAL METHODS OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C07B59/00—Introduction of isotopes of elements into organic compounds ; Labelled organic compounds per se
- C07B59/001—Acyclic or carbocyclic compounds
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/16—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes
- B01J31/18—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes containing nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic or antimony as complexing atoms, e.g. in pyridine ligands, or in resonance therewith, e.g. in isocyanide ligands C=N-R or as complexed central atoms
- B01J31/1805—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes containing nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic or antimony as complexing atoms, e.g. in pyridine ligands, or in resonance therewith, e.g. in isocyanide ligands C=N-R or as complexed central atoms the ligands containing nitrogen
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/16—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes
- B01J31/18—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes containing nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic or antimony as complexing atoms, e.g. in pyridine ligands, or in resonance therewith, e.g. in isocyanide ligands C=N-R or as complexed central atoms
- B01J31/1805—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes containing nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic or antimony as complexing atoms, e.g. in pyridine ligands, or in resonance therewith, e.g. in isocyanide ligands C=N-R or as complexed central atoms the ligands containing nitrogen
- B01J31/181—Cyclic ligands, including e.g. non-condensed polycyclic ligands, comprising at least one complexing nitrogen atom as ring member, e.g. pyridine
- B01J31/1815—Cyclic ligands, including e.g. non-condensed polycyclic ligands, comprising at least one complexing nitrogen atom as ring member, e.g. pyridine with more than one complexing nitrogen atom, e.g. bipyridyl, 2-aminopyridine
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- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/16—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes
- B01J31/18—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes containing nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic or antimony as complexing atoms, e.g. in pyridine ligands, or in resonance therewith, e.g. in isocyanide ligands C=N-R or as complexed central atoms
- B01J31/189—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes containing nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic or antimony as complexing atoms, e.g. in pyridine ligands, or in resonance therewith, e.g. in isocyanide ligands C=N-R or as complexed central atoms containing both nitrogen and phosphorus as complexing atoms, including e.g. phosphino moieties, in one at least bidentate or bridging ligand
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/16—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes
- B01J31/20—Carbonyls
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- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/16—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes
- B01J31/22—Organic complexes
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- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/16—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes
- B01J31/22—Organic complexes
- B01J31/2204—Organic complexes the ligands containing oxygen or sulfur as complexing atoms
- B01J31/2208—Oxygen, e.g. acetylacetonates
- B01J31/2213—At least two complexing oxygen atoms present in an at least bidentate or bridging ligand
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/16—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes
- B01J31/22—Organic complexes
- B01J31/2282—Unsaturated compounds used as ligands
- B01J31/2295—Cyclic compounds, e.g. cyclopentadienyls
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/16—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes
- B01J31/24—Phosphines, i.e. phosphorus bonded to only carbon atoms, or to both carbon and hydrogen atoms, including e.g. sp2-hybridised phosphorus compounds such as phosphabenzene, phosphole or anionic phospholide ligands
- B01J31/2404—Cyclic ligands, including e.g. non-condensed polycyclic ligands, the phosphine-P atom being a ring member or a substituent on the ring
- B01J31/2409—Cyclic ligands, including e.g. non-condensed polycyclic ligands, the phosphine-P atom being a ring member or a substituent on the ring with more than one complexing phosphine-P atom
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
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Abstract
本发明涉及用于由乙醇、D2O、钌催化剂和共溶剂制备氘代乙醇的方法。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及用于由D2O制备氘代乙醇的方法。
背景技术
氘(D或2H)是氢的稳定的非放射性同位素。富含氘的有机化合物诸如氘化乙醇是已知的。美国专利No.8,658,236描述了一种水和乙醇的酒精饮料,其中至少5摩尔%的乙醇是氘代乙醇。据信这种酒精饮料可以减少与饮用乙醇有关的负面影响。
生产含氘代乙醇的酒精饮料需要以有效、安全且有成本效益的方式制备氘代乙醇。已知的制备氘代醇(例如,氘代乙醇)的方法涉及非氘代醇与D2O之间的H/D交换反应。根据方法,所得的氘代醇可以包含在不同位置处的氘。这些方法的实例可以在ChemistryLetters 34,No.2(2005), p.192-193“Ruthenium catalyzed deuterium labelling ofα-carbon in primary alcohol and primary/secondary amine in D2O”;Adv.Synth.Catal.2008,350,p. 2215–2218“A method for the regioselectivedeuteration of alcohols”;Org.Lett. 2015,17,p.4794-4797“Ruthenium CatalyzedSelectiveα-andα,β-Deuteration of Alcohols Using D2O”和CatalysisCommunications 84(2016)p.67–70 “Efficient deuterium labelling of alcohols indeuterated water catalyzed by ruthenium pincer complexes”中找到。
其他生产氘代醇的路线涉及需要昂贵和/或有害物质的若干个连续的反应。对于这些转化中的每一个,中间体的纯化和分离都是必需的。
鉴于上述情况,期望能够以有效、安全且有成本效益的方式合成氘代乙醇。进一步希望的是合成仅在期望的一个或多个位置处具有氘代的氘代乙醇。
发明内容
在一方面,本发明提供了用于由乙醇、D2O、钌催化剂和共溶剂制备氘代乙醇的方法。
已经由发明人所发现的制备氘代乙醇的新方法实现的这些和其他方面,将在以下详细说明中变得显而易见。
具体实施方式
现已令人惊奇地发现,D2O、钌催化剂和共溶剂的组合允许乙醇的有效且选择性的氘化。
Catalysis Communications 2016,84,67–70(CC),提到了由 Ru--BH和Ru-催化的醇的氘化,但没有提及共溶剂的使用。Ru--BH仅用于1-丁醇的氘化,而不用于乙醇的氘化。现已发现,在CC中描述的其中催化剂为Ru--BH的体系中,当1-丁醇被乙醇代替时,乙醇不发生氘化。
CC还提到了使用20mol%的NaOH由Ru-催化的乙醇的氘化。现已发现,在CC中描述的其中催化剂为Ru-的体系中,当NaOH 被其他碱代替时,乙醇的氘化是不可能的。然而,令人惊讶地发现,添加共溶剂以溶解催化剂获得了乙醇的有效氘化,特别是在不存在NaOH的情况下。
因此,在一方面,本发明提供了用于制备式(I)的氘代乙醇的新方法:
CR1R2R3CR4R5OH (I)
包括:在存在式(II)的钌催化剂和共溶剂的情况下,使乙醇和D2O 进行反应:
其中:
R1-R5独立地为H或D,前提条件是R4和R5中D的丰度为至少70%;
每个R6独立地选自:H、C1-10烷基基团、取代的C1-10烷基基团、C6-18芳香环基团和取代的C6-18芳香环基团;
每个Ar独立地选自C6-18芳香环基团和取代的C6-18芳香环基团;
每个n独立地为1或2;
L是配体;
X抗衡离子;以及
催化剂可溶于乙醇、D2O和共溶剂的混合物中。
在另一方面,该方法在不存在碱的情况下进行。
在另一方面,该方法在不存在NaOH的情况下进行。
R4和R5(CH2位置)中以及R1、R2和R3(CH3位置)中的D的丰度可以通过1H NMR测定。R4和R5中D的丰度为70%意味着存在的所有R4和R5中70%是D(区别于0.01%的天然丰度)。
在另一方面,R4和R5中D的丰度为至少80%。R4和R5中D的丰度的其他实例包括至少90、91、92、93、94、95、96、97、98、99和99.5%。
在另一方面,D的引入优先发生在R4和R5中而不是R1-R3。在另一方面,R1-R3中D的丰度为至多50%。R1-R3中D的丰度的其他实例包括至多45、40、35、30、25、20、15、10、5和1%。
在另一方面,R4和R5中D的丰度为至少90%,并且R1-R3中D的丰度为至多5%。另外的实例包括(a)至少95%和至多1%,以及(b)至少99%和至多1%。
在本方法中,乙醇到氘代乙醇的转化率可以通过1H NMR来确定。转化率是形成的氘代乙醇除以起始乙醇(未富集的乙醇)的初始量的摩尔比。在一方面,转化百分比(摩尔比×100)为至少90%。转化百分比的其他实例包括至少95%,至少98%以及至少99%。
共溶剂与乙醇和D2O一起形成可溶解催化剂的混合物。共溶剂的实例包括四氢呋喃(THF)、2-甲基四氢呋喃、甲基叔丁基醚(MTBE)、二异丙基醚、1,2二甲氧基乙烷、甲苯(tol)、苯、二甲苯、1,4-二噁烷、二甘醇二甲醚(二乙二醇二乙基醚)、环戊基甲基醚(CPME)、乙酸乙酯、1,2-二氯乙烷、二甲基乙酰胺、二甲基甲酰胺和二甲基亚砜。
共溶剂也可以是氘代的,其中,共溶剂的一个或多个H原子被D取代。氘代共溶剂的实例包括d8-四氢呋喃、d8-甲苯和d8-1,4-二噁烷。
反应混合物可以是单相或两相的。例如,在其中共溶剂是甲苯或环戊基甲基醚的情况下,混合物是两相的。
为了增加反应器的负载并因此增加生产率,共溶剂的量通常不会太高。因此,在另一方面,在反应步骤中D2O与共溶剂的体积比高于0.5。体积比的其他实例包括1-30。体积比的另外的实例包括至少1、2、3、4、5、6、7、 8、9、10、11、12、13、14、15、16、17、18、19、20、21、22、23、24、 25、26、27、28、29至30。体积比的上限通常为约30。
在另一方面,在反应步骤中D2O与乙醇的摩尔比为至少3。摩尔比的其他实例包括3-10、3-75和3-100。摩尔比的另外的实例包括至少3、4、5、 6、7、8、9、10、11、12、13、14、15、16、17、18、19、20、21、22、 23、24、25、26、27、28、29至30。这获得了在所期望位置较高的D引入。摩尔比的上限通常为75或100。
式(II)的钌催化剂是已知的(参见US 8,003,838、US 2013/0303774 和US 2016/0039853,其通过引用并入本文)。
配体“L”是根据当前要求保护的发明的适用于乙醇的氘富集的任何配体。在另一方面,配体选自:单齿配体。单齿配体的实例包括膦(例如三苯基膦)、一氧化碳、烯烃、水、乙腈、二甲基亚砜。
在另一方面,配体L是一氧化碳(CO)。
在另一方面,抗衡离子X选自:五甲基环戊二烯基、氯根、溴根、碘根、氢根、三氟甲磺酸根和BH4。
在另一方面,抗衡离子X中的一个是氢根。
在另一方面,在式(II)中,两个邻位的R6(氢原子除外)可以通过碳原子穿过或不穿过氮原子、氧原子或硫原子的共价键形成环状结构。
在另一方面,在式(II)中,每个Ar是苯基。
在另一方面,n为1(每个P通过2个碳连接基结合至Ru配合物中的 N)。
在另一方面,n为2(每个P通过3个碳连接基结合至Ru配合物中的 N)。
在另一方面,n=1且所有R6=氢。
在另一方面,L是一氧化碳且X中的一个是氢根。
其中,Ph=苯基。
在另一方面,催化剂是式(III)的化合物,并且反应在存在碱金属硼氢化物的情况下进行。
碱金属硼氢化物的实例包括LiBH4、NaBH4和KBH4。
在另一方面,催化剂是式(III)的化合物,并且反应在存在NaBH4的情况下进行。
在另一方面,催化剂是式(III)的化合物,并且反应在存在碱金属硼氢化物且不存在NaOH的情况下进行。
在另一方面,催化剂是式(III)的化合物,并且反应在存在NaBH4且不存在NaOH的情况下进行。
发现使用化合物(III)的合适的共溶剂和碱金属硼氢化物的组合可使得在R4-R5中引入D的选择性高于在R1-R3中。
其中,Ph=苯基。
在另一方面,催化剂是式(IV)的化合物,并且反应在不存在碱的情况下进行。
发现式IV的催化剂和合适的共溶剂的组合可使得在R4-R5中引入D的选择性高于在R1-R3中。
氘代乙醇(I)可以通过在一个步骤中使全部量的D2O与乙醇反应而获得(如上所述),或者在多个步骤中,混合步骤之间有蒸馏步骤,使D2O反应而获得(如下所述)。因此,在另一方面,反应步骤包括:
a.使第一部分D2O与乙醇反应,
b.从反应混合物中收集馏出物,以及
c.将第二部分D2O添加至馏出物,使未反应的乙醇与D2O进一步反应。
在另一方面,在步骤c)之后,该方法还包括:重复步骤b)和c)一次或多次,直到达到期望的D引入水平。因此,在另一方面,反应步骤包括:
a)使第一部分D2O与乙醇反应;
b)从反应混合物中收集馏出物;
c)将第二部分D2O添加至馏出物,以进一步与未反应的乙醇反应;
d)从反应混合物中收集馏出物;以及,
e)将第三部分D2O添加至馏出物,以进一步与未反应的乙醇反应。
在另一方面,反应步骤包括:
a)使第一部分D2O与乙醇反应;
b)从反应混合物中收集馏出物;
c)将第二部分D2O添加至馏出物,以进一步与未反应的乙醇反应;
d)从反应混合物中收集馏出物;
e)将第三部分D2O添加至馏出物以进一步与未反应的乙醇反应;
f)从反应混合物中收集馏出物;以及
g)将第四部分D2O添加至馏出物以进一步与未反应的乙醇反应。
与在一个步骤中将全部量的D2O与乙醇混合的情况相比,当使用多个步骤时,有利地减少了实现乙醇中期望的D引入所需的D2O的量。在步骤 a)中,使第一部分D2O与乙醇反应以获得在乙醇中具有一定程度D引入的部分反应的混合物。该部分反应的混合物还包括作为乙醇中D引入的副产物形成的H2O,其抑制了乙醇中进一步的D引入。在步骤b)中,对该部分反应的混合物进行蒸馏以收集主要包括氘代和非氘代乙醇的馏出物。馏出物仅包括非常少量的H2O。将第二部分D2O添加至馏出物中,这允许进一步的D引入。
在另一方面,在每个反应子步骤(a/c、a/c/e、a/c/e/g等)中的反应步骤中混合的D2O与乙醇的摩尔比选自1、2、3、4和5。
在另一方面,反应温度为至多200℃。反应温度的实例包括从25、30、 35、40、45、50、55、60、65、70、75、80、85、90、95、100、105、110、 115、120、125、130、135、140、145、150、155、160、165、170、175至 180℃。其他实例包括50-160℃。其他实例包括从50、55、60、65、70、75、 80、85、90、95、100、105、110、115、120、125、130、135、140、145、 150、155至160℃。
在另一方面,反应在0.5、1、5、10、15、20、25、30、35、40、45、 50、55、60、65、70、75、80、85、90、95至100小时的时间段内进行。反应进行时间的实例包括1、2、4、6、8、10、12、14、16、18、20、22、 24、26、28、30、32、34、36、38、40、42、44、46、48、50、52、54、 56、58、60、62、64、66、68、70至72小时。
在另一方面,可以通过用于有机合成的任何常规后处理操作将化合物(I)与反应产物分离。此外,根据需要,可以通过包括活性炭处理、分馏、重结晶和柱色谱法的标准方法将粗产物纯化至高纯度。可以方便地直接将反应完成的溶液进行蒸馏回收操作。
在于碱存在下进行反应的情况下,酸度较高的目标化合物容易与所使用的碱形成盐或配合物,并在蒸馏回收操作期间留在蒸馏残余物中。在这种情况下,可以通过预先用有机酸(例如甲酸、乙酸、柠檬酸、草酸、苯甲酸、甲磺酸或对甲苯磺酸)或无机酸(例如HCl、HBr、HNO3、H2SO4) 中和反应完成的溶液,并且然后将中和后的反应完成的溶液进行蒸馏回收操作(包括通过用有机溶剂(诸如二异丙基醚)洗涤蒸馏残余物进行回收),从而获得高收率的目标化合物。
注意到,本发明涉及本文描述的特征的所有可能的组合。因此,应认识到本文描述了与根据本发明的组合物有关的特征的所有组合;与根据本发明的方法有关的特征的所有组合;以及与根据本发明的组合物有关的特征和与根据本发明的方法有关的特征的所有组合。
应当理解,对包括若干组分的产品/组合物的描述也公开了由这些组分组成的产品/组合物。由这些组分组成的产品/组合物可能是有利的,因为它提供了用于制备产品/组合物的更简单、更经济的方法。类似地,应当理解,对包括若干步骤的方法的描述也公开了由这些步骤组成的方法。由这些步骤组成的方法可能是有利的,因为它提供了更简单、更经济的方法。
定义
除非另有说明,否则出现于本申请的定义中所提供的实例是非包容性的。它们包括但不限于所列举的实例。
当提及参数的下限和上限的值时,也理解为公开了由下限值和上限值的组合所形成的范围。
“烷基”包括为直链、支链和环状(当烷基基团具有3个或更多个碳原子时)构型的特定数目的碳原子。烷基包括低级烷基基团(C1、C2、C3、 C4、C5和C6或1-6个碳原子)。烷基还包括高级烷基基团(>C6或7个或更多个碳原子)。
当基团以“ene”结尾时,它指示该基团与另外两个基团相连。例如,亚甲基(methylene)是指-CH2-部分。
“烯基”包括为直链或支链构型的特定数目的烃原子,其可在沿着链的任何稳定点存在一个或多个不饱和碳碳键,诸如乙烯基和丙烯基;C2-6烯基包括C2、C3、C4、C5和C6烯基基团。
“炔基”包括为直链或支链构型的特定数目的烃原子,其可在沿着链的任何稳定点存在一个或多个碳碳三键,诸如乙炔基和丙炔基。C2-6炔基包括C2、C3、C4、C5和C6炔基基团。
“取代的烷基”是其中一个或多个氢原子已被另一化学基团(取代基) 取代的烷基基团。取代基包括:卤素、OH、OR(其中,R为低级烷基基团)、 CF3、OCF3、NH2、NHR(其中,R为低级烷基基团)、NRxRy(其中,Rx和Ry独立地为低级烷基基团)、CO2H、CO2R(其中,R为低级烷基基团)、 C(O)NH2、C(O)NHR(其中,R为低级烷基基团)、C(O)NRxRy(其中,Rx和Ry独立地为低级烷基基团)、CN、C2-6烯基、C2-6炔基、C6-12芳香环基团、取代的C6-12芳香环基团、5-12元芳香族杂环基团和取代的5-12元芳香族杂环基团。
芳香环基团的实例是以苯基、萘基和蒽基为代表的芳香烃基团。
芳香族杂环基团的实例是含有杂原子(例如,氮、氧或硫)的芳香烃基团,以吡咯基(包括氮保护形式)、吡啶基、呋喃基、噻吩基、吲哚基(包括氮保护形式)、喹啉基、苯并呋喃基和苯并噻吩基为代表。
“取代的芳香环基团”或“取代的芳香族杂环基团”是指其中至少一个氢原子已被另一化学基团取代的芳香环基团/芳香族杂环基团。这种其他化学基团的实例包括:卤素、OH、OCH3、CF3、OCF3、NH2、NHR(其中, R为低级烷基基团)、NRxRy(其中,Rx和Ry独立地为低级烷基基团)、CO2H、 CO2R(其中,R为低级烷基基团)、C(O)NH2、C(O)NHR(其中,R为低级烷基基团)、C(O)NRxRy(其中,Rx和Ry独立地为低级烷基基团)、CN、低级烷基、芳基和杂芳基。
“卤素”是指Cl、F、Br或I。
在以下对示例性实施方式的描述过程中,本发明的其他特征将变得显而易见,这些示例性实施方式是为了说明本发明而给出的,并且不旨在限制本发明。
实施例
测试的催化剂(II)的结构如下:
Cy=环己基。
OTf=三氟甲磺酸基(三氟甲基磺酸根)。
通过在N2气氛下将催化剂(和需要时的碱)置于5mL小瓶内进行实验。在使用时加入乙醇和D2O的混合物,然后加入共溶剂。将小瓶盖上盖子,并将温度升高至所需的反应温度,同时用磁力搅拌以500rpm搅拌。16 h之后,将反应混合物冷却。在用N2吹扫之后,打开高压釜,并通过1H NMR 对反应混合物进行分析以确定D引入。
CH2位置中的D的丰度是通过CH2位置中残留H的量来确定的。“CH2位置中残留的H”是通过乙醇中CH2信号的面积除以乙醇中CH3信号的面积的归一化比率来确定的。此数量的100的补数等于CH2位置中D的丰度。
反应混合物:所有反应混合物均包含EtOH:D2O和所示共溶剂。在所有情况下,共溶剂的体积均为1mL。
比率1=EtOH:D2O的比率。
比率2=EtOH:催化剂的毫摩尔比率。
DCM=二氯甲烷。
NMP=N-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮。
实验1:当不使用共溶剂时,在期望的CH2位置未发生D引入。
实验2-6:当使用共溶剂THF(四氢呋喃)、甲苯、CPME(环戊基甲基醚)、二噁烷或二甘醇二甲醚时,催化剂溶解在乙醇、D2O和共溶剂的混合物中,并且在期望的CH2位置处发生了D引入。
实验7-11:当使用共溶剂DCM(二氯甲烷)、CH3CN、丙酮、tBuOH 或NMP(N-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮)时,在期望的CH2位置处很少或没有发生D 引入。
这些结果并不取决于共溶剂是否为氘代的。
实验12-15:当不使用共溶剂时,在期望的CH2位置处未发生D引入,与碱的类型或NaBH4的存在无关。
实验16:当不使用NaBH4时,在期望的CH2位置处未发生D引入,与共溶剂的类型无关。
实验17-19:共溶剂和NaBH4的组合获得了在期望的CH2位置处的D 引入。
实验20-27、29和31-34:当不使用共溶剂时,在期望的CH2位置处没有或几乎没有发生D引入,与催化剂的类型无关。
实验28和30:当催化剂是Ru(H)(BH4)(dppp)(dpen)或Cp*Ir(BiPy)(OTf)2时,即使在存在共溶剂的情况下,在期望的CH2位置处也没有发生D引入。
实验组4
在存在非氘代甲苯和THF的情况下对各种类型的催化剂进行测试。结果在表4中示出。
表4
反应混合物:所有反应混合物均包含EtOH:D2O和所示共溶剂。
比率2=EtOH:催化剂的毫摩尔比率。
EtOH:D2O比率(mmol)=4.1:37.9
反应物体积=2mL(1mL D2O:EtOH,1mL共溶剂)
实验37-44:共溶剂与其他催化剂一起使用获得在期望的CH2位置处不足够的D引入。
实验组5
测试了D2O:EtOH的摩尔比和共溶剂的量对D引入程度的影响。相比于实验组1中为约5-20,以下实验中D2O与EtOH的摩尔比为46。结果在表5中示出。
表5
反应混合物:所有反应混合物均包含EtOH:D2O和所示共溶剂。
比率2=EtOH:催化剂的毫摩尔比率。
EtOH:D2O比率(mmol)=1:46
反应体积=1mL D2O:EtOH+各种体积的甲苯。
D2O:EtOH的高摩尔比率获得了97%的非常高的D引入。即使当仅使用12%(体积/体积)的甲苯时,所有实验也都获得了相同水平的D引入。这对于增加反应器的负载并因此提高生产率可以是有利的。
根据以上教导,可以对本发明进行许多修改和变化。因此,应当理解,在所附权利要求的范围内,可以按照不同于本文具体描述的方式实施本发明。
Claims (13)
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中,R4和R5中D的丰度为至少80%。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中,R4和R5中D的丰度为至少90%,并且R1-R3中D的丰度为至多5%。
4.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中,所述催化剂是式(III)。
5.根据权利要求4所述的方法,其中,所述碱金属硼氢化物是NaBH4。
6.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中,所述催化剂为式(III),并且所述反应在不存在NaOH的情况下进行。
7.根据权利要求6所述的方法,其中,所述碱金属硼氢化物是NaBH4。
8.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中,所述催化剂为式(IV)。
9.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中,所述催化剂为式(IV),并且所述反应在不存在碱的情况下进行。
10.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中,所述反应步骤包括:
a)使第一部分D2O与乙醇反应;
b)从反应混合物中收集馏出物;以及,
c)将第二部分D2O添加至所述馏出物,以使未反应的乙醇与D2O进一步反应。
11.根据权利要求10所述的方法,其中,在步骤a)和c)中混合的D2O与乙醇的摩尔比独立地为1-5。
12.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中,所述反应步骤包括:
a)使第一部分D2O与乙醇反应;
b)从反应混合物中收集馏出物;
c)将第二部分D2O添加至馏出物,以进一步与未反应的乙醇反应;
d)从反应混合物中收集馏出物;以及,
e)将第三部分D2O添加至馏出物,以进一步与未反应的乙醇反应。
13.根据权利要求12所述的方法,其中,在步骤a)、c)和e)中混合的D2O与乙醇的摩尔比独立地为1-5。
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