CN110540524B - 基于吡嗪的d-a-d型荧光小分子、制备方法和应用 - Google Patents

基于吡嗪的d-a-d型荧光小分子、制备方法和应用 Download PDF

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CN110540524B
CN110540524B CN201910752123.3A CN201910752123A CN110540524B CN 110540524 B CN110540524 B CN 110540524B CN 201910752123 A CN201910752123 A CN 201910752123A CN 110540524 B CN110540524 B CN 110540524B
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陈凯
吴淑琪
边晓丽
王秋棠
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Abstract

本发明公开了基于吡嗪的D‑A‑D型荧光小分子,该荧光小分子的化学结构式如下:
Figure DDA0002167552150000011
其中:X同时选自氢或甲氧基,R选自氢、氟或甲酯。该荧光小分子用于活细胞成像,不会进入死细胞。该荧光小分子具有强烈的AIE效应,在生理条件下不易猝灭,有较高的荧光量子产率。

Description

基于吡嗪的D-A-D型荧光小分子、制备方法和应用
技术领域
本发明属于荧光探针技术领域,具体涉及基于吡嗪的D-A-D型荧光小分子、制备方法和应用。
背景技术
荧光探针是建立在光谱化学基础上的选择性地将分析对象的化学信息,连续转变为分析仪器易测量的荧光信号的分子测量装置。具有灵敏度高,选择性好,使用方便等优点。近些年,荧光探针领域因在化学传感、光学材料以及生物学领域具有广泛的应用而发展迅速,特别在检测细胞内的环境变化方面,荧光探针检测具有操作简单、灵敏度高、分辨率高等优势,能够实现无损伤实时监测。然而在细胞成像中,许多染料稳定性差易脱出细胞并且光稳定性较差。染料对于活细胞与死细胞没有选择性。同时,许多有机发光材料常遭受聚集诱导的荧光减少,甚至在生理环境中猝灭。因此,开发在水溶液中具有高荧光强度并且有优异光稳定性的荧光材料是一个迫切的挑战。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题在于针对上述现有技术的不足,提供基于吡嗪的D-A-D型荧光小分子、制备方法和应用,该荧光小分子用于活细胞成像,不会进入死细胞。该荧光小分子具有强烈的AIE效应,在生理条件下不易猝灭,有较高的荧光量子产率。
为解决上述技术问题,本发明采用的技术方案是,基于吡嗪的D-A-D型荧光小分子,该荧光小分子的化学结构式如下:
Figure BDA0002167552130000021
其中:X同时选自氢或甲氧基,R选自氢、氟或甲酯。
本发明还公开了上述的基于吡嗪的D-A-D型荧光小分子的制备方法,其特征在于,该制备方法如下:
Figure BDA0002167552130000022
其中,命名
Figure BDA0002167552130000023
为a,
Figure BDA0002167552130000024
为b,基于吡嗪的D-A-D型荧光小分子为c,a和b的摩尔比为1:3。X同时选自氢或甲氧基,R选自氢、氟或甲酯;将a、b、Pd2(dba)3和sphos混合,在N2保护下加入Cs2CO3溶液和甲苯,85℃下反应24h,得混合物,将所述混合物水洗后,用二氯甲烷萃取,收集有机相,用硅胶柱色谱进行纯化,得产物c。sphos的量为a的20%;Pd2(dba)3的量为a的10%。
进一步地,当a中的R为氟时,a的制备如下:称取2-氨基-3,6-二溴吡嗪2.53g和NaNO21.38g于烧瓶中,在0℃下向其中缓慢滴加HBF425ml,20℃下反应2h;反应所得混合物水洗后用二氯甲烷萃取,收集有机相;用硅胶柱色谱纯化,得到2,5-二溴-3-氟吡嗪。
本发明还公开了上述的基于吡嗪的D-A-D型荧光小分子或制备方法制备的基于吡嗪的D-A-D型荧光小分子在活细胞成像中的应用。
本发明还公开了一种荧光材料,包含上述的基于吡嗪的D-A-D型荧光小分子或制备方法制备的基于吡嗪的D-A-D型荧光小分子。
本发明基于吡嗪的D-A-D型荧光小分子具有如下优点:(1)该荧光小分子用于活细胞成像,不会进入死细胞。(2)该荧光小分子具有强烈的AIE效应,在生理条件下不易猝灭,有较高的荧光量子产率。(3)该荧光小分子在细胞中较稳定,可以在细胞内稳定传代,在细胞中有出色的光稳定性。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例1中化合物1的激发与发射荧光光谱图;
图2为本发明实施例1中化合物1在不同含水量的DMF中的发射荧光光谱;
图3为本发明实施例1中化合物1在Hela细胞中荧光活细胞成像图;
图4为本发明实施例1中化合物1在Hela细胞和4T1细胞中的细胞毒性实验结果;
图5为本发明实施例1中化合物1与固定的Hela细胞(死细胞)共染的荧光成像图;
图6为本发明实施例1中化合物1在Hela细胞中的荧光强度稳定性检测图;
图7为本发明实施例1中化合物1在Hela细胞中是否漏出结果图;
图8为本发明实施例中1化合物1在Hela细胞中细胞传代培养结果图;
图9本发明实施例2中化合物2在Hela细胞中荧光活细胞成像图;
图10为本发明实施例2中化合物2在固定的Hela细胞(死细胞)共染的荧光成像图。
具体实施方式
本发明基于吡嗪的D-A-D型荧光小分子,其特征在于,该荧光小分子的化学结构式如下:
Figure BDA0002167552130000041
其中:X同时选自氢或甲氧基,R选自氢、氟或甲酯。
上述基于吡嗪的D-A-D型荧光小分子的制备方法,如下:
Figure BDA0002167552130000042
其中,命名
Figure BDA0002167552130000043
为a,
Figure BDA0002167552130000044
为b,基于吡嗪的D-A-D型荧光小分子为c,a和b的摩尔比为1:3。X同时选自氢或甲氧基,R选自氢、氟或甲酯;将a、b、Pd2(dba)3和sphos混合,在N2保护下加入Cs2CO3溶液和甲苯,85℃下反应24h,得混合物,将所述混合物水洗后,用二氯甲烷萃取,收集有机相,用硅胶柱色谱进行纯化,得产物c。Cs2CO3溶液和甲苯为反应液,sphos的量为a的20%;Pd2(dba)3的量为a的10%。
上述的基于吡嗪的D-A-D型荧光小分子在活细胞成像中的应用。
一种荧光材料,包含上述的基于吡嗪的D-A-D型荧光小分子或制备方法制备的基于吡嗪的D-A-D型荧光小分子。
在研究过程中发现吡嗪是具有两个氮的芳族杂环,其具有质子化和氢键形成的一般效果,将吡嗪引入化合物中作为有利于分子内电荷转移(ICT)的吸电子基团是一个很好的选择。
实施例1
荧光小分子4,4'-(吡嗪-2,5-二基)双(N,N-双(4-甲氧苯基)苯胺)标记为化合物1,其制备方法及检测过程如下:
(1)称取3,6-二溴吡嗪242mg,4-甲氧基-N-(4-甲氧基苯基)-N-(4-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二氧硼杂环戊烷-2-基)苯基)苯胺1.29g,Pd2(dba)3127mg,sphos88mg于50ml反应管中,在N2保护下加入Cs2CO3溶液(4mol/L)5ml和甲苯10ml,85℃下反应24h。反应所得物水洗后用二氯甲烷萃取三次,收集有机相。用硅胶柱色谱进行纯化,得黄色固体4,4'-(吡嗪-2,5-二基)双(N,N-双(4-甲氧苯基)苯胺)402mg,产率58%。Pd2(dba)3,sphos和Cs2CO3溶液均为催化剂。化合物1的结构式如下图:
Figure BDA0002167552130000051
其核磁共振谱图数据:1HNMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ=3.81(s,12H),6.86(d,J=8Hz,8H),7.01(d,J=8Hz4H),7.11(d,J=8Hz,8H),7.85(d,,J=8Hz,4H),8.91(s,2H)ppm,13CNMR(100MHz,CDCl3):δ=55.46,114.75,119.69,127.07,127.17,127.65,140.19,149.21,149.98,156.26ppm。
(2)化合物1取2x10-6M溶解在DMF中,检测激发和发射荧光波谱。根据如附图1所示的化合物1的激发与发射荧光光谱图,可以发现最大激发为425nm,最大发射为551nm,其斯托克斯位移为126nm,斯托克斯位移大,荧光分子的斯托克斯位移大具有背景干扰低、对生物样品的光损伤小、样品穿透性强、检测灵敏度高等优点。
(3)化合物(2x10-6M)在含有不同比例水的DMF中分别检测发射荧光光谱。根据如图2(a)所示的化合物1的发射荧光光谱图,可以发现当DMF/水混合物的水分数从0%增加到30%时,化合物1的发射降低,当含水量从30%进一步增加到70%时,发光强度增加,PL最大值发生蓝移,这一趋势如附图2(b)所示,当含水量从70%增加到100%时,化合物1的发射再次降低。这说明化合物1具有AIE效应。
(4)将化合物1(1μg/mL)与溶酶体探针(Lysotracker,1μg/mL)和细胞核染料(RedDotTM,1μg/mL)同时与Hela细胞孵育40min后,将培养液移去,用PBS洗涤两次,在激光共聚焦显微镜下观察三种荧光染料在Hela细胞中的标记情况。由图3所示细胞成像的图谱,其中选用的条件为:在λex=552nm及λem=587-657nm下的细胞溶酶体发出Lysotracker的红色荧光,在λex=405nm及λem=420-550nm下细胞发出化合物1的绿色荧光,在λex=638nm及λem=710-880nm下细胞发出RedDotTM的蓝色荧光。将三种不同的荧光进行叠加以后发现,红色荧光和绿色荧光分布的区域相同,说明化合物1可以进入活细胞的细胞质中而不是细胞核。
(5)过CCK-8测定在HeLa和4T1细胞中评估化合物1的细胞毒性。在用高达50μg/mL的剂量下用化合物1孵育24小时后,没有观察到对细胞活力的毒性作用,如图4,其比细胞标记中使用的浓度高30倍。这些数据表明化合物1标记不影响细胞活力。
(6)将HeLa细胞与溶酶体探针(Lysotracker,1μg/mL)和细胞核染料(RedDotTM,1μg/mL)共同孵育40分钟,在化合物1标记之前用4%甲醛固定。化合物1(1μg/mL)同固定后的Hela细胞共孵育,将培养液移去。在激光共聚焦显微镜下观察三种荧光染料在Hela细胞中的标记情况,如图5所示,其中选用的激光波长如下:λex=552nm及λem=587-657nm下的细胞溶酶体发出Lysotracker的红色荧光,在λex=405nm及λem=420-550nm下细胞发出化合物1的绿色荧光,在λex=638nm及λem=710-880nm下细胞发出RedDotTM的蓝色荧光。将三种不同的荧光进行叠加以后发现,死细胞不会将化合物1运输到细胞内,说明该荧光小分子是特异性地且只能进入活细胞。
(7)将化合物1与Hela细胞共同孵育40分钟,将培养液移去,用PBS缓冲溶液洗涤2次后,检测化合物1在细胞中持续光照2小时的荧光强度变化,如图6所示,化合物1在细胞中持续照射2小时,荧光强度保持在70%以上,说明化合物1具有优异的光稳定性。
(8)在同一平板中共培养化合物1标记的细胞和RedDotTM1标记的细胞24小时。如图7所示,混合的HeLa细胞的荧光图像显示在RedDotTM1标记的细胞中没有化合物1的明显荧光信号。这些结果表明,化合物1可以长时间有效地标记HeLa细胞而没有明显的渗漏。
(9)将化合物1与Hela细胞共同传代培养,标记后的细胞传第三代仍有较强的荧光,如图8所示,表明化合物1可以稳定地传代标记三代以上,说明化合物1不会轻易脱出细胞,适合长期活细胞标记。
实施例2
(1)荧光小分子4,4'-(3-氟吡嗪-2,5-二基)双(N,N-二苯基苯胺)的制备过程如下:该荧光小分子命名为化合物2;
首先制备2,5-二溴-3-氟吡嗪,具体为称取2-氨基-3,6-二溴吡嗪2.53g和NaNO21.38g于100ml圆底烧瓶中,在0℃下向其中缓慢滴加HBF425ml,20℃下反应2h。反应所得混合物水洗后用二氯甲烷萃取三次,收集有机相。用硅胶柱色谱纯化所得有机相,得到2,5-二溴-3-氟吡嗪。然后,取所得2,5-二溴-3-氟吡嗪140mg,4-(二苯基氨基)苯硼酸频那醇酯523mg,双(三苯基膦)二氯化钯(II)119mg,四丁基溴化铵142mg于50ml反应管中,在N2保护下加入K2CO3溶液(6mol/L)5ml和甲苯10ml,85℃下反应24h。反应所得物水洗后用二氯甲烷萃取三次,收集有机相。用硅胶柱色谱进行纯化,得黄色固体4,4'-(3-氟吡嗪-2,5-二基)双(N,N-二苯基苯胺)54mg。
4,4'-(3-氟吡嗪-2,5-二基)双(N,N-二苯基苯胺)的结构式如下:
Figure BDA0002167552130000081
(2)上述化合物2取2x10-6M溶解在DMF中,检测激发和发射荧光波谱。根据如附图1所示的化合物1的激发与发射荧光光谱图,可以发现最大激发为433nm,最大发射为529nm。
(3)将上述化合物2采用实施例1中的检测方法进行检测,如图10所示,说明该化合物可以进入活细胞的细胞质中而不是细胞核;如图9所示,表明其是特异性地进入活细胞。
本发明中的其他荧光小分子,制备路线与化合物1的制备方法、反应条件相似,区别在于反应底物为不同的吡嗪或其衍生物和三苯胺或其衍生物。进行检测后,得出与化合物1和化合物2相类似的结论。
本发明中基于吡嗪的D-A-D型荧光小分子具有强烈的AIE效应能够有效地避免生理条件下的聚集引起的淬灭,并且有较大的斯托克斯位移。该类荧光小分子具有良好的生物相容性,能成功地进入活细胞细胞质中,在细胞内有出色的光稳定性。该类荧光小分子在细胞中非常稳定不会轻易漏出细胞,并且在细胞中可以稳定传代三代以上,适合长期活细胞标记。

Claims (6)

1.基于吡嗪的D-A-D型荧光小分子,其特征在于,该荧光小分子的化学结构式如下:
Figure FDA0002551947980000011
其中:X同时选自氢或甲氧基,R选自氢、氟或甲酯。
2.根据权利要求1所述的基于吡嗪的D-A-D型荧光小分子的制备方法,其特征在于,制备方法如下:
Figure FDA0002551947980000012
其中,命名
Figure FDA0002551947980000013
为a,
Figure FDA0002551947980000014
为b,基于吡嗪的D-A-D型荧光小分子为c,a和b的摩尔比为1:3;X同时选自氢或甲氧基,R选自氢、氟或甲酯;
将a、b、Pd2(dba)3和sphos混合,在N2保护下加入Cs2CO3溶液和甲苯,85℃下反应24h,得混合物,将所述混合物水洗后,用二氯甲烷萃取,收集有机相,用硅胶柱色谱进行纯化,得产物c。
3.根据权利要求2所述的基于吡嗪的D-A-D型荧光小分子的制备方法,其特征在于,所述sphos的物质的量为a的20%;Pd2(dba)3的物质的量为a的10%。
4.根据权利要求2或3所述的基于吡嗪的D-A-D型荧光小分子的制备方法,其特征在于,当所述a中的R为氟时,a的制备如下:称取2-氨基-3,6-二溴吡嗪2.53g和NaNO2 1.38g于烧瓶中,在0℃下向其中缓慢滴加HBF425ml,20℃下反应2h;反应所得混合物水洗后用二氯甲烷萃取,收集有机相;用硅胶柱色谱纯化,得到2,5-二溴-3-氟吡嗪。
5.根据权利要求1所述的基于吡嗪的D-A-D型荧光小分子或权利要求2、3或4中的制备方法制备的基于吡嗪的D-A-D型荧光小分子在活细胞成像中的应用。
6.一种荧光材料,其特征在于,包含权利要求1中所述的基于吡嗪的D-A-D型荧光小分子或权利要求2、3或4中的制备方法制备的基于吡嗪的D-A-D型荧光小分子。
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