CN1105314C - 具有中等光焦度的多焦透镜 - Google Patents

具有中等光焦度的多焦透镜 Download PDF

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CN1105314C
CN1105314C CN96107233A CN96107233A CN1105314C CN 1105314 C CN1105314 C CN 1105314C CN 96107233 A CN96107233 A CN 96107233A CN 96107233 A CN96107233 A CN 96107233A CN 1105314 C CN1105314 C CN 1105314C
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E·V·曼尼泽斯
J·H·罗夫曼
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Abstract

一种多焦同心圆环透镜，其前面和背面之一确定一中央区，它包含一个具有对应基础配镜处方Rx之球面远光焦度的球形表面的圆形视盘。多个圆环围绕该中央区，具有交替改变的球面近光和远光焦度，还有至少一个中等光焦度的圆环。中等光焦度圆环置于透镜光学区的中间或外部，以在中等距离提供视觉敏锐度。它可为透镜光学区外缘的第二圆环或该区外围的最外圆环。该透镜可以是隐形眼镜，如软性水凝胶隐形眼镜，也可以是眼内透镜。

Description

具有中等光焦度的多焦透镜
一般地说，本发明涉及具有中等光焦度的多焦透镜结构，具体地说，所涉及的具有中等光焦度的多焦透镜通过给一多焦同心圆环透镜附加一个或多个中等光焦度圆环，供中等距离处的视觉敏锐度。
本发明与眼镜有关，具体地说，与诸如软性水凝胶透镜以及眼内透镜等光焦度或焦距大于1的接触透镜有关。
众所周知，随着个人年龄的增长，眼睛就失去调节的能力，也即为聚焦于较为靠近观察者的物体上而趋向于给眼睛提供有效的眼镜。这种情况被称为远视眼，而远视眼者过去依赖于眼镜或者其它带若干不同光焦度范围的透镜，佩戴者可根据不同的光焦度变换他的视力，以便为观察者所希望聚焦的单个物体或多个物体找到合适的光焦度。
采用双孔眼镜，该过程通常包括从上镜片部分的远光焦度到下镜片部分的近光焦度变换人的视场。然而，采用柔性或水凝胶隐形眼镜，这种方法已不太令人满意。为了成像，起普通眼镜作用的接触透镜通过将以不同视场角入射到角膜各部分的光聚焦在眼睛视网膜的各部分上，形成图象。这可由以下事实得到证实，即当瞳孔响应比较亮的光而缩小，视网膜上的象并不缩小，而只是光透过较小的透镜面积进入，形成全部图象。
类似地，为了使人眼上已有的天然晶体由于白内瘴而去掉它，并以嵌入眼内透镜替代之，致使完全失去对所观察物体的距离进行调节(适应)的能力。这时，通常将所提供的透镜设定在单独一种无限大距离的光焦度，并使眼镜经过磨制，以给出为使比较近的视象在焦所需的附加正光焦度。对于这样的患者，能起作用的多焦透镜应该是特别有用的。
现有技术还知道，在一定的情况下，通过接收在焦图象，排除离焦图象，头脑可在各分立的竟争图象之间进行识别。
授予Erickson的美国专利US4,923,296中描述了这类通过同时提供近视和远视来矫正远视用的透镜的一个实例。该专利揭示一种透镜系统，它包括一对接触透镜，各有相等的近光焦度区和远光焦度区。对一个眼睛而言，透镜的上半部为近焦度，下半部为远焦度；而对另一个眼睛而言，镜片的上半部为远焦度，而下半部为近焦度。它们一起在双眼中至少给出局部清晰的图象，并且由于消除了模糊图象的影响(brain)，使清晰图象得到调准，从而得到在焦的图象。
授予de Carie的美国专利US4,890,913描述了一种双焦接触透镜，它包含若干个具有不同光焦度的圆环区。在这种透镜结构中，物体总是在近光焦度与远光焦度之间保持近似相等的分度，无论什麽时侯都与瞳孔的直径无关，这要求这种透镜上有总数为6到12个区域。
授予de Carle的美国专利US4,704,016描述了另一种提供双焦的接触透镜。这种透镜同样是要在近光焦度与远光焦度之间维持近似相等的分度，无论什麽时侯都与瞳孔的直径无关。
序号NO.07/988,088名为《调节瞳孔的多焦眼镜》的专利申请(代理案号VTN56)揭示一种远视患者用的多焦同心眼镜，它由三个普通环形透镜部分构成多焦结构。这种眼镜的中央圆形部分只具有患者的距离校正光焦度，并为第一内环部分所围绕，这可由具有内径向部分的多个圆环组成，所述内径向部分增加由基本相等之距离积累量的径向部分所包围的患者近距离光焦度，并附加对患者近光焦度的焦点校正。第一内环部分又由第二外环部分所围绕，它也可由一个或多个圆环组成，它们在靠近眼镜光学表面区域周围具有附加的远光焦度。每个圆环或者具有近光焦度，或者具有远光焦度，并以与其它透镜部分组合的方式起作用，在透镜的该部分产生所要的F数。
现有技术中，对三焦点镜也已熟知，其中上部镜片部分具有远视配镜处方，下部镜片部分具有近视配镜处方，而位于上部镜片和下部镜片部分之间的中间镜片部分具有中等视力的配镜处方。另外，还知道有三焦点与多焦点的混合镜片，其中上部镜片部分具有远视配镜处方，下部镜片部分具有近视配镜处方，而中间镜片部分具有从上部镜片光焦度到下部镜片光焦度渐次变化的混合配镜处方。
然而，这些原则都不能毫不费力地延伸到隐形眼镜和眼内透镜，因为佩戴者不能通过隐形眼镜或眼内透镜不同的上部和下部区域来变换其视力。眼睛相应于隐形眼镜或眼内透镜所做的唯一变化是不自觉地调整瞳孔的直径，即亮光下缩小而暗光下放大。
因此，本发明的目的在于提供一种远视者用的眼镜，一般而言，它产生改善的视觉敏锐度，具体地说，它与中等距离情况下的聚焦要求相匹配。
本发明提供一种隐形眼镜或眼内透镜，它给各种照明条件下的人以通常所能接受的作用形式配以近中远的聚焦视力矫正分布。本发明还匹配隐形眼镜的特定尺寸，以便随着照明强度的作用，使与佩戴者瞳孔的大小配合。将眼镜设计成在强照明条件下主要提供接近于均匀分隔距离的远矫正，在适度照明条件下提供近矫正，而在低于适度照明水准条件下提供中等视力矫正。还特别将透镜设计成随照明程度的作用而与佩戴者的瞳孔大小相配合，在优选实施例中，还将瞳孔尺寸参数用作为佩戴者年龄的函数。
本发明的主要目的在于，通过给多焦同心圆环透镜附加一个或多个中等光焦度的圆环，提供带有致力于中等光学距离视力问题之中等光焦度的多焦镜片结构。
一种优选的中等光焦度基本上是远光焦度与近光焦度之间所带来差值的50％，不过也可将其选为远光焦度与近光焦度之间的任何光焦度值。
按照本文，本发明提供一种多焦的同心圆环透镜，其中透镜的前表面和后表面当中之一确定一个中央区，它包含一个带对应于基础配镜处方Rx之球面远光焦度的球形表面的圆形视盘。多个圆环围绕该中央区，它们具有交替改变的球面近光焦度和球面远光焦度，至少还有一个中等光焦度的圆环。可将所述中等光焦度圆环置于透镜光学区的外部区域，对于远光焦度和近光焦度而言，它的光焦度是中等的，用以在中等距离处提供视觉敏锐度。
比较详细地说，可将所述中等光焦度圆环置于光学区的外部径向部分，在这里它可以是一个圆环，或者可由整个外部径向区构成；或者也可将其置于中间径向部分，这时最好将其置于该部分的外边缘，或者也可将它置于该部分的任何位置。所述透镜可以是戴在眼睛角膜上的隐形眼镜，如软性水凝胶隐形眼镜，也可以是眼内透镜。最好使所述中央区和多个圆环形成于接触透镜的后表面上，以将跃光和眩光问题减至最小程度。另外，各个圆环的宽度可以是不同的，以产生光焦度的分布，其变化可得远光焦度与中等光焦度及近光焦度的不同比率。
本领域的熟练人员必须参照下列几则连同附图所得的优选实施例，才能更易于理解本发明有关具有中等光焦度之多焦透镜结构的前述目的和优点，附图中都以相同的参考标号表示类似的部件。其中：
图1是具有中等光焦度之多焦透镜结构的第一种具体实施例主视图，其中中等光焦度圆环是所述透镜光学区中间部分的最外圆环；
图2是具有中等光焦度之多焦透镜结构的第二种具体实施例主视图，其中中等光焦度圆环是所述透镜光学区的最外圆环。
详细地对照各附图，图1说明按本发明方案设计之透镜10的最佳实施例类型。其中中央区12为一包含基础配镜处方Rx球面远光焦度的圆形视盘，它由多个交替变换球面近光焦度和球面远光焦度的圆环14、16、18和20所围绕。在图1所示的第一种实施例中，中等光焦度圆环22相对远光焦度和近光焦度为中等的光焦度，它是作为第二个最外圆环被加入的。该中等光焦度圆环22为最外的远光焦度圆环24所围绕。
最佳的中等光焦度是远近光焦度间差值的50％，但也可选远近光焦度间的任何光焦度值。对于所述中等光焦度圆环来说，优选的位置在透镜光学区26的外部区域，中等光焦度圆环22最好从透镜光学区26的外缘起。由最外环24的外围所围绕的整个区域确定透镜10的光学区26，包括区域12、14、16、18、20、22和24。该光学区26为外围区28所围绕，成为透镜的非光学区，在30处与透镜的外围32成斜角。
更详细地说，在一则示范性结构的实例中，中央视盘12以及圆环16、20和24的远距半径为8.4mm，而圆环14和18的近距半径为8.69443mm，圆环22具有中等的曲率半径为8.3803mm，外围曲率半径为9.832mm。
中央复曲面盘12的直径为2.15mm，圆环14的直径为3.30mm，圆环16的直径为3.60mm，圆环18的直径为4.30mm，圆环20的直径为4.80mm，圆环22的直径为5.35mm，圆环24的直径为8.00mm，晶状体圆环区28具有至斜切区28的起始为13.0mm的直径，透镜外围的直径为14.0mm。
图2是具有中等光焦度之多焦透镜结构的第二种具体实施例主视图，其中中等光焦度圆环44是所述透镜光学区46的最外圆环44。与第一实施例相似，中央区32为一包含基础配镜处方Rx球面远光焦度的圆形视盘，它由多个交替变换球面近光焦度和球面远光焦度的圆环34、36、38、40和42所围绕。中等光焦度圆环是透镜光学区46内最外的圆环44。中央球面视盘32与周围的圆环34到44的复合区包含透镜的实际光学区46，它由外围(非光学)区48所围绕，所述外围区在其外圈50处与外围边缘52成斜角。
中等光焦度部分的面积应最好不超过整个光学区总面积的25％。应予说明的是中等光焦度与中等外围曲线是截然不同和有区别的，它最好是球体的。
通过改变各圆环的宽度，可以形成光焦度分布，随着距透镜中心距离的增加，这产生不同的远光焦度对近光焦度和中等光焦度之比。
各人瞳孔的尺寸是一个与光强有关的函数，而且在眼镜，特别是隐形眼镜和眼内透镜可以从四个不同年龄组的人群得出可靠的数据。即一些小于20岁、20至40岁之间、40至60岁之间和超过60岁的年龄组。这些瞳孔的测试是在三个不同的光照等级，即每平方米250、50和2.5坎德拉(cd/m2)下对测试目标进行的。
250cd/m2等级一般是对应于在明亮的日光下户外剧烈的光照。50cd/m2等级是一个在户内和户外所看到的混合级别。最后，2.5cd/m2等级是夜同在户外最为常见的，通常是一种不稳定的照明情况，如黑夜驾车。
下表1中给出这些讨论的结果，它包括除在三种不同的照明等级下平均的瞳孔直径外，还有直径的标准偏差和与之相关的范围。
                  表1 水平瞳孔尺寸 小于20岁者
光  照                              平均瞳孔直径                    标准偏差
(cd/m2)                             (mm)                          (1∑)
    2.5     6.5962    0.9450
    50     4.3499    0.5504
    250     3.4414    0.3159
20至40岁间
光  照                            平均瞳孔直径                        标准偏差
(cd/m2)                          (mm)                               (1∑)
    2.5   6.4486     0.8259
50 4.4843 0.6342
    250   3.5040     0.4217
40至60岁间
光  照                           平均瞳孔直径                     标准偏差
(cd/m2)                          (mm)                             (1∑)
    2.5     5.4481   0.9787
    50     3.6512   0.5692
    250     3.0368   0.4304
超过60岁者
光  照                           平均瞳孔直径                      标准偏差
(cd/m2)                          (mm)                              (1∑)
    2.5     4.7724     0.6675
    50     3.4501     0.5106
    250     2.8260     0.3435
注意与此表相结合，即可确定在不同照明等级下所特别遇到的有关客观世界人类的活动。在极强的照明等级下，譬如以250cd/m2所代表的，人的活动经常发生在户外明亮的日光下，表现为远视作业。
在50cd/m2的照明等级下，活动经常发生在户内和户外，通常的人的活动既表现为近视作业也表现为远视作业。
最后，在以2.5cd/m2所表示的照明等级下，活动经常发生在黑夜的户外，通常涉及远视作业，比如驾车。
作为距透镜中心距离之函数的矫正光焦度应该是在各种照明等级下特别测得的患者瞳孔直径的函数，或者可由上面以患者年龄为基础的信息很容易地确定它。
此外，可采用眼体内成象质量检测设备确定在所述同心圆环结构下眼睛图象质量的最佳条件，以得出更为改进的结构。这可通过采用眼内成象质量检测设备，如象差谱仪或MTF点散测量装置来实现，以便测定并减少透镜与眼睛系统组合的象差总和。
很明显，本发明的许多不同实施例也是可能的，包括若干个圆环的交替选择，各圆环的宽度及排列，以及给每个圆环所确定的光焦度的选择。
这里虽然详细描述了本发明有关具有中等光焦度的多焦透镜结构的几种具体实施例及变型，但可以明白，本发明的揭示和教导将为本领域的熟练人员暗示许多可选的结构。

Claims (8)

1.一种多焦同心圆环透镜，包括：
a.所述透镜具有前面和相对的背面，其中所述前面和背面中的一个限定一个中央区，它包含一个具有对应于基础配镜处方的球面远光焦度的球形表面的圆形视盘；
b.多个圆环围绕该中央区，它们具有交替改变的球面近光焦度和球面远光焦度；
c.至少一个中等光焦度的圆环，它被置于透镜光学区的外部区域，具有对于远光焦度和近光焦度而言为中等的光焦度，用以在中等距离处提供视觉敏锐度；和
d.所述各圆环的宽度不同，以产生变化的光焦度，得到不同的远光焦度对中等光焦度和近光焦度之比，并随着离透镜中心的距离而增加。
2.如权利要求1所述的多焦同心圆环透镜，其特征在于：所述中等光焦度圆环是从透镜光学区外缘的第二圆环。
3.如权利要求1所述的多焦同心圆环透镜，其特征在于：所述中等光焦度圆环是最外的圆环，它限定了所述透镜光学区的外围。
4.如权利要求1所述的多焦同心圆环透镜，其特征在于：所述透镜包括戴在眼睛角膜上的隐形眼镜。
5.如权利要求4所述的多焦同心圆环透镜，其特征在于：所述隐形眼镜包括软性水凝胶隐形眼镜。
6.如权利要求1所述的多焦同心圆环透镜，其特征在于：所述透镜包括眼内透镜。
7.如权利要求1所述的多焦同心圆环透镜，其特征在于：所述中央区和多个圆环形成于透镜的后表面上，以将跃光和眩光问题减至最小程度。
8.如权利要求1所述的多焦同心圆环透镜，其特征在于：所述远光焦度对中等光焦度和近光焦度之比随着离透镜中心的距离而增加。
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US5682223A (en) 1997-10-28
CA2175652C (en) 2007-08-28
CA2175652A1 (en) 1996-11-05
KR960040329A (ko) 1996-12-17
HUP9601157A2 (en) 1997-01-28
IL118067A0 (en) 1996-08-04
AU5206996A (en) 1996-11-14
EP0756189B1 (en) 2006-07-05
NO961801L (no) 1996-11-05
EP0756189A2 (en) 1997-01-29
EP0756189A3 (en) 1998-10-28
DE69636321T2 (de) 2007-06-06
DE69636321D1 (de) 2006-08-17
HU9601157D0 (en) 1996-06-28
SG47134A1 (en) 1998-03-20
JPH0947463A (ja) 1997-02-18
ATE332513T1 (de) 2006-07-15
MX9601679A (es) 1997-07-31
BR9602152A (pt) 1997-12-30
JP4097727B2 (ja) 2008-06-11
AU694341B2 (en) 1998-07-16
NO961801D0 (no) 1996-05-03
KR100407733B1 (ko) 2004-04-01
CN1171557A (zh) 1998-01-28
HUP9601157A3 (en) 1999-10-28
TW328118B (en) 1998-03-11

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