CN110524867B - 由复合材料制成的外部组件和制造所述外部组件的方法 - Google Patents

由复合材料制成的外部组件和制造所述外部组件的方法 Download PDF

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CN110524867B
CN110524867B CN201910422125.6A CN201910422125A CN110524867B CN 110524867 B CN110524867 B CN 110524867B CN 201910422125 A CN201910422125 A CN 201910422125A CN 110524867 B CN110524867 B CN 110524867B
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C·卡坦莱德尔
G·维利尤米尔
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种制造用于钟表或珠宝的外部组件的方法，该外部组件由复合材料制成，该复合材料包括由优选穿孔结构形成的加强件(2)和由合成材料(3)组成的基质，所述方法包括以下连续步骤：a)制作加强件(2)的3D文件，b)通过增材制造形成所述加强件(2)，c)将所述加强件(2)的全部或部分嵌入合成材料(3)中。本发明还涉及一种用于钟表或珠宝的外部组件，其由复合材料制成，所述复合材料包括由合成材料(3)构成的基质和通过增材制造获得的具有穿孔结构的加强件(2)。

Description

由复合材料制成的外部组件和制造所述外部组件的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于制造由复合材料制成的用于钟表或珠宝的外部组件的方法。更具体地，涉及一种制造方法，其涉及3D打印复合材料的加强件的步骤。本发明还涉及用该复合材料制成的用于钟表或珠宝的外部组件。
背景技术
出于轻的原因，金属合金可以用塑料代替。为了改善塑料的性能，使用颗粒，纤维或结构形式的加强件。例如，在钟表领域中已知Swatch Skin手表，其表壳中部内具有金属结构。这种加强件是通过冲压产生的，这有许多缺点。对加强件进行成型需要昂贵的设备，其中许多切割，拉伸，弯曲和冷加工操作随着要创建的几何形状的复杂性而增加。而且，可以通过冲压产生的几何形状是有限的。为了使手表更轻，同时保持加强结构的功能，可能需要更复杂的几何形状，例如蜂窝状。
发明内容
因此，本发明的一个目的是提出一种制造用于钟表或珠宝的外部组件的方法，该外部组件包括具有根据技术和/或美学考虑自由选择的几何形状的加强件。
为此，通过增材制造来制造加强件。这使得可以根据重量和强度的标准以及可能的美学标准来生产具有优化结构的加强件。
然后将由此获得的加强件全部或部分地嵌入合成材料中，以使组件具有所需的最终形状。
本发明的其他特征和优点将在以下参考附图通过非限制性示例给出的优选实施方案的描述中显现。
附图说明
图1A表示用本发明方法通过增材制造制得的表壳中部的加强件的三维视图。图1B表示根据本发明的方法用合成材料包覆成型(overmoulded)的相同加强件。
图2A表示图1A的加强件的变体，在图2B中，在制造过程中将可溶或可熔芯安装在加强件中的附加步骤。图2C以与图1B类似的方式表示包覆成型具有芯的加强件的步骤。图2D表示在芯的溶解或熔融之后的包覆成型加强件。
具体实施方式
本发明涉及一种制造用于钟表或珠宝的外部组件的方法，该外部组件由复合材料制成，该复合材料包括有机基质，其将更一般地称为合成材料，和加强件。外部组件可以是表壳，表壳中部，表背，表圈，表链，表链连接(bracelet link)，表盘，指针，推杆(pusher)等。举例来说，在图1B和2D中它是表壳中部1。如图2所示，加强件的目的是增强基质和/或如果基质是透明的，则赋予组件特定的美学效果。这种一体式加强件可具有几乎无限多种几何形状。它具有形成穿孔结构以使组件更轻的特性。如图1A所示，加强件2可包括蜂窝结构的全部或一部分。在所示的例子中，蜂窝结构设置在用于形成表壳的表耳(horns)的部分2a中。它也可以由一个或多个穿孔壁2b形成，如图1A和2A所示。它还可以包括上面置有穿孔壁2b的基座2e，对于图1A的变型。它还可以包括功能区域2c：孔口，枢轴，凹槽，凹室等，用于随后安装在附加元件的组件上，例如表链附件，推杆或冠管，水晶，前盖和后盖。加强件可以由金属合金制成，并且有利地由钛合金或铝合金制成，因为其低密度。加强件也可以由陶瓷(氧化铝，氧化锆等)或有机材料制成。在后一种情况下，加强件的有机材料具有优于基质的机械性能，并且有利地选自以下聚合物：PEEK(聚醚醚酮)，ABS(丙烯腈丁二烯苯乙烯)，PEI(聚乙烯亚胺)，PA(聚酰胺)，这些聚合物可以是碳填充的，例如碳填充的聚酰胺，例如由Windform以商品名Windform XT2.0销售的聚合物，具有二氧化硅，铝，例如铝填充的聚酰胺粉末，例如Materialise以商品名Alumide销售的聚合物。
加强件2完全或部分嵌入形成复合材料的基质的合成材料3中(图1B和图2D)。合成材料可以是例如氟化弹性体(FK，FFKM)，聚氨酯弹性体(PUR)，聚硅氧烷，热塑性弹性体(TPE)或热固性材料，例如环氧化物。举例来说，复合材料可包括涂覆由铝合金制成的加强件的环氧树脂基质。合成材料可以是透明的，这使得可以看到组件内部的加强件。
根据一种变体并且为了提供特定的美学效果，基质的材料与碱土金属氧化物类型的稀土掺杂的磷光颜料混合。例如，磷光颜料可以是掺杂有铕和镝的铝酸锶，硅酸锶，硅酸钡或硅酸钙。
根据本发明的制造复合材料的方法包括三个步骤(图1A和图1B)：
a)制作加强结构的3D文件(file)，例如使用
Figure BDA0002066354700000031
等合适的程序。根据美学和/或技术考虑选择结构的几何形状。CAD拓扑优化工具可用于定义此结构的几何形状，以最大限度地减少所用材料的数量，从而最大限度地减少结构的质量。该结构的特征还在于尽可能避免在制造过程中使用打印支持。
b)通过增材制造制造加强件2(图1A)。可以采用许多方法。以非穷举的方式，可以引用以下打印方法：粘合剂喷射，定向能量沉积，材料挤出，材料喷射，粉末床熔合，片层压，光聚合固化(vat photopolymerization)。加强结构由一叠连续的层形成，以获得加强件的最终形状。对于增材制造技术，例如Carbon Inc.'CLIP'方法(连续液相间生产)，层效应可以忽略不计或不存在。对于其他技术，例如使用片层压的mCor和Fabrisonic的技术，堆叠层的厚度约为0.1-0.2mm。
c)将加强件2的全部或部分嵌入合成材料3中(图1B)。嵌入加强件的步骤可以通过包覆成型，通过注塑，涂覆或渗透用意于形成基质的合成材料来实现。合成材料可以覆盖并填充整个穿孔结构，或者可选地仅部分地覆盖和填充加强件。在后一种情况下，加强件在最终产品中部分裸露。
制造方法可包括在步骤c)之前对加强件执行的任选的精加工步骤(未示出)。这可以是机械加工操作，以获得用于随后组装添加元件的功能区域的精确几何形状和尺寸。机械加工操作也可具有美学目的。当加强件仍在印刷支撑板上时，可以执行该机械加工操作。它还可以包括表面处理，例如激光结构化，阳极氧化，PVD沉积等，以保护加强件和/或改善其美观。制造方法还可包括任选的精加工步骤，更具体地，在步骤c)之后的机械加工操作，以获得所需的最终几何形状。还可以设想在没有功能区域的情况下制造加强件，并且随后在由步骤c)产生的组件上加工这些区域。
根据图2A至2D中所示方法的变型，加强件2可包括一个或多个腔室2D，其旨在在步骤c)之后保持为空。为此，在步骤c)之前将可溶或可熔芯4安装在这些空腔内(图2B-图2C)。它们可以是例如水溶性聚(乙烯醇)芯。在步骤c)之后，将芯4溶解或熔化以释放空腔(图2D)。
最后，由于嵌入合成基质中的穿孔加强件，外部组件非常轻但仍然很坚固。还可以通过作用于合成基质的透明度和加强件的设计来调节组件的美学外观。

Claims (20)

1.制造用于钟表或珠宝的外部组件的方法，所述外部组件由复合材料制成，所述复合材料包括由结构形成的加强件(2)和由合成材料(3)构成的基质，所述方法包括以下连续步骤：
a)制作加强件(2)的3D文件，
b)在3D文件的基础上通过增材制造形成所述加强件(2)，
c)将所述加强件(2)的全部或部分嵌入合成材料(3)中，其特征在于，还包括：在步骤c)之前，将一个或多个可熔或可溶芯(4)分别插入加强件(2)的一个或多个空腔(2d)中以在步骤c)之后保持为空的步骤，和在步骤c)之后，溶解或熔化所述可熔或可溶芯(4)的步骤。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述加强件结构是穿孔的。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法包括在步骤b)和c)之间精加工加强件(2)的步骤，所述精加工步骤包括加强件(2)的机械加工步骤和/或表面处理步骤。
4.根据权利要求3所述的方法，其特征在于，所述表面处理步骤包括构造所述加强件(2)的表面和/或在所述加强件(2)的表面上沉积涂层。
5.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法包括在步骤c)之后的精加工步骤，所述精加工步骤包括机械加工步骤以使所述组件具有其最终几何形状。
6.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，步骤c)通过包覆成型，涂覆或渗透进行。
7.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，由步骤b)得到的加强件(2)包括一个或多个蜂窝状部分(2a)和/或一个或多个带有穿孔的壁(2b)和/或一个或多个用于在组件上安装元件的功能区域(2c)。
8.用于钟表或珠宝的外部组件，其由复合材料制成，所述复合材料包括由合成材料(3)构成的基质和通过增材制造获得的具有穿孔结构的加强件(2)，所述穿孔结构包括至少一个合成材料在其中延伸的穿孔。
9.根据权利要求8所述的组件，其特征在于，所述穿孔结构包括一个或多个蜂窝状部分(2a)和/或一个或多个带有穿孔的壁(2b)。
10.根据权利要求8所述的组件，其特征在于，所述加强件(2)包括功能区域(2c)，用于随后在所述组件上安装元件。
11.根据权利要求10所述的组件，其特征在于，所述功能区域(2c)为孔，凹槽，凹室或枢轴。
12.根据权利要求8所述的组件，其特征在于，所述加强件(2)由陶瓷，金属或有机材料制成。
13.根据权利要求8所述的组件，其特征在于，所述加强件(2)由钛合金或铝合金制成。
14.根据权利要求8所述的组件，其特征在于，所述加强件(2)由选自PEEK，ABS，PEI和PA的聚合物制成。
15.根据权利要求8所述的组件，其特征在于，所述基质由选自氟化弹性体，聚硅氧烷，热塑性弹性体或热固性材料的树脂制成。
16.根据权利要求15所述的组件，其特征在于，所述热塑性弹性体为聚氨酯弹性体。
17.根据权利要求8所述的组件，其特征在于所述基质由环氧树脂制成。
18.根据权利要求8所述的组件，其特征在于所述合成材料(3)是透明的。
19.根据权利要求8所述的组件，其特征在于，所述组件选自表壳，表壳中部(1)，表背，表圈，表链，表链连接，表盘，推杆和指针。
20.根据权利要求19所述的组件，其特征在于，所述组件是表壳中部(1)，其中所述加强件(2)具有设置在所述壳体中部(1)的表耳上的数个蜂窝状部分(2a)。
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