CN110521560A - A kind of facility actuated by cams type liquid fertilizer precise positioning quantificationally fertilizing machine and fertilizing method - Google Patents
A kind of facility actuated by cams type liquid fertilizer precise positioning quantificationally fertilizing machine and fertilizing method Download PDFInfo
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- CN110521560A CN110521560A CN201910862816.8A CN201910862816A CN110521560A CN 110521560 A CN110521560 A CN 110521560A CN 201910862816 A CN201910862816 A CN 201910862816A CN 110521560 A CN110521560 A CN 110521560A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G29/00—Root feeders; Injecting fertilisers into the roots
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of facility actuated by cams type liquid fertilizer precise positioning quantificationally fertilizing machine and fertilizing methods.The invention discloses specific implementation methods of the invention, line space positioning is realized including the use of guide rail and sliding block, is travelled in guide rail, moves fertilizer apparatus using cam to push fertilising needle insertion soil, when the needle that applies fertilizer is in cam far angle of repose, torsional spring switch is opened, and Venturi tube accelerates liquid fertilizer, sprays liquid fertilizer quickly, when needle return of applying fertilizer, torsional spring switch is closed, and liquid fertilizer is back to Fertilizer distributing pail through overflow valve, is repeated above procedure and is applied fertilizer.Plants to be applied fertilizer are inputted away from fertilising motor speed according to driving motor revolving speed and can be adjusted, and the fertilising of crop root position, the information such as control system real-time monitoring speed, pressure, liquid level are accurately positioned in the needle that makes to apply fertilizer using control system.The present invention can be realized crop in greenhouse and carry out the fertilising of precise positioning quantitative automaticization, and depth needed for the deep enough crop of energy is applied fertilizer.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to machine of establishment agriculture field more particularly to a kind of facility actuated by cams type liquid fertilizer precise positionings
Quantificationally fertilizing machine and fertilizing method.
Background technique
The amount of application of China's chemical fertilizer is very huge.Currently, solid granulates fertilizer is most widely used in agricultural production, but
It is that solid granulates fertilizer utilization rate is not high, waste is serious, huge pollution is caused to environment, and excessive application can seriously affect
The quality of soil, the output and quality of crops just cannot get huge promotion.And compared with solid-state fertilizer, liquid fertilizer but has huge
Big advantage, such as soluble easily in water, uniform quality, formula are easily adjusted, are easy to absorb, reduce cost, environmental protection etc., and liquid fertilizer has extensively
General application prospect.
In existing liquid fertilizing machine, develop more mature mainly large-scale foliage spray liquid fertilizer fertilizer applicator
Tool, for this kind of fertilizing equipment, liquid fertilizer is mainly sprayed at crop leaf surface mainly by introduction, this kind of equipment by China,
Operating speed is fast, but it is expensive, utilization rate is slightly lower, will cause certain pollution to environment.Above-mentioned technology is for full wafer
Crop carries out large-scale fertilising operation, is absorbed by crop leaf to liquid fertilizer, is relatively more suitable for outdoor largescale, blade
It absorbs the stronger crop of liquid fertilizer ability and carries out fertilising operation, and for crop in greenhouse and the not strong crop of blade absorbability comes
It says, carries out root spring application and be relatively beneficial to absorption of the crop to liquid fertilizer, and large-scale foliage spray type fertilizing equipment can not
Operation is carried out in greenhouse, it is complicated for operation, expensive, and cannot realize automated job.
Summary of the invention
In view of the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides a kind of facility actuated by cams type liquid fertilizer precise positioning quantitative fertilizations
Machine and fertilizing method can carry out precise positioning to crop root part in greenhouse and automate deep fertilization, improve utilization rate of fertilizer,
To improve crop yield.
The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions, and it is a kind of precisely fixed using facility actuated by cams type liquid fertilizer to provide
The fertilizing method that position quantificationally fertilizing machine carries out, includes the following steps:
1, fertilizer applicator is moved on to job position, position of each sliding block on guide rail is adjusted before operation, make apply fertilizer needle with
The movement of sliding block and close to crop root position；
2, corresponding crops spacing in the rows is inputted to the control system of fertilizer applicator, input mode, which can be, passes through keystroke touch screen
Or mobile phone app；
3, start liquid fertilizer feed drive device, the touching switch on infusion fertilizer pipeline is in off state at this time, and liquid fertilizer passes through
Overflow valve flows back into Fertilizer distributing pail；
4, after all preparations are ready, starting fertilizer applicator travel driving unit and fertilising driving device, fertilizer applicator start
Walking；
5, after having determined for spacing in the rows, in fertilizer applicator walking process, revolving speed and fertilizer applicator the walking speed for driving device of applying fertilizer
Degree is adapted, and when close to crop, the touching switch on infusion fertilizer pipeline is opened, and cam moving mechanism makes fertilising needle accurately exist
Crop root is nearby inserted into soil, and liquid fertilizer flows into soil through fertilising needle and applies fertilizer；
6, when the needle that applies fertilizer leaves crop root part, the touching switch on infusion fertilizer pipeline is closed, and fertilising needle resets, once
Fertilising terminates；
7, step 5 and 6 is repeated, realizes extensive fertilising.
This method is easy to operate, high degree of automation, enters soil fertilization using the fluting that fertilising needle can be realized precise positioning,
As long as to be on the one hand precisely inserted into for the crop root position to be applied fertilizer, without carrying out full wafer crop leaf
Sprinkling, thus the operating efficiency of fertilising can be improved, it can be achieved that large-scale crop root fertilising；On the other hand the fertilising needle
Depth required for the deep enough crop of energy simultaneously carries out injection liquid fertilizer, to realize the fertilising work of more depth, fertilising needle can be direct
It is inserted into soil or less 10-20cm to apply fertilizer to crop root, liquid fertilizer concentration is injected in root, the better absorbing liquid of crop can be made
The nutrient of fertilizer, it is relatively friendly to environment without largely using chemical fertilizer, avoiding pollution, and the utilization rate of chemical fertilizer is improved, it reduces
Cost.
The present invention also provides a kind of facility actuated by cams type liquid fertilizer precise positioning quantificationally fertilizing machines, including are equipped with walking
The vehicle frame of device is equipped with liquid fertilizer Storing and conveying device on the vehicle frame, is also equipped with the side lever extended downwardly on the vehicle frame
With the peace dials being fixed on side lever, slidably connect through infusion fertilizer pipeline and liquid fertilizer Storing and conveying device on the peace dials
Fertilizer distributing pail connection fertilising needle, the touching switch moved up and down with fertilising needle is installed on the infusion fertilizer pipeline, dials is pacified
On be installed with the block machine on touching switch motion track；It further include that the cam movement for driving the fertilising needle to move up and down is applied
Fertile device.
This programme provides installation carrier by setting vehicle frame, to other component, and the walking of equipment is realized by running gear,
Liquid fertilizer is stored and conveyed by liquid fertilizer Storing and conveying device, when fertilising, passes through cam and moves fertilizer apparatus driving fertilising
Needle moves up and down, and when the needle that applies fertilizer is close to crop, cam movement fertilizer apparatus drives fertilising needle to be displaced downwardly in soil, moves past under
Cheng Zhong, touching switch by block machine blocking and open, the liquid fertilizer in Fertilizer distributing pail through infusion fertilizer pipeline enter fertilising needle inner hole, and from
Fertilising needle is ejected to soil, realizes the fertilising to root, and after cam turns over certain angle, fertilising needle moves up reset, touching switch
It loses the reaction force of block machine and reforms into closed state, with the rotation of cam, realize periodically fertilising, cam turns
Dynamic speed be adapted to the equipment speed of travel, in the case where spacing in the rows is certain, guarantee apply fertilizer needle when moving down fertilising just with crop phase
It is corresponding.
As optimization, the cam movement fertilizer apparatus includes the cam and the cam is driven to turn that axis is connected on peace dials
The second driving device that is dynamic and being fixedly connected with side lever；It is rotatably connected on the fertilising needle by horizontal axis and is connect with cam contact
Roller, apply fertilizer needle and peace dials between also by reset spring connection.This prioritization scheme is driven convex by the second driving device
Wheel rotates, and in cam rotation process, when the far angle of repose part of cam is with roller contact, fertilising needle is moved down, and far angle of repose turns over
Afterwards, fertilising needle is returned to initial position under the action of reset spring, so that the periodicity for realizing fertilising needle is mobile, guaranteed
Fertilising precision.
As optimization, it is installed with the sliding sleeve sliding with fertilising needle on the peace dials, is installed on the lateral wall for the needle that applies fertilizer
Upper limit plate, pacifies the lower limiting board being connected with below sliding sleeve on dials, and the reset spring is set on fertilising needle and multiple
The both ends of position spring can push up on supreme limit plate and lower limiting board respectively.The fertilising needle mounting structure of this prioritization scheme is simple, leads to
It crosses setting sliding sleeve and provides guiding to fertilising needle, glanced off when avoiding moving up and down, utilize upper limit plate and the more bullets of lower limiting board
The both ends of spring are limited, and ensure that the reliability of camber of spring.
As optimization, the cam is equipped with far angle of repose at two in the circumferential.The setting of this prioritization scheme, so that cam is every
Turning around may be implemented applies fertilizer twice, is conducive to improve fertilising efficiency.
As optimization, the injection channel two sides of the fertilising needle are installed with arc-shaped blade respectively.This prioritization scheme passes through
Arc-shaped blade is set, and can be applied fertilizer channel with the protection of maximum magnitude, and when equipment is walked, arc-shaped blade generates laterally tangential
Power can not only break ground fluting for fertilising needle, make during its is light, quick insertion is native, and during burying and being unearthed, circular arc
The effect that shape blade can also play protection fertilising needle and prevent syringe needle from wearing can be polished again when arc-shaped blade becoming dull
Keep its sharp, extends service life.
As optimization, it is equipped on the pipeline between electric pump and touching switch in liquid fertilizer Storing and conveying device and Fertilizer distributing pail
The overflow valve of connection.This prioritization scheme is by setting overflow valve, and when touching switch is closed, the liquid fertilizer in pipeline can be by overflowing
Stream valve flows back into Fertilizer distributing pail, to reduce waste.
As optimization, Venturi tube is also equipped on the pipeline between the touching switch and fertilising needle.This prioritization scheme
By setting Venturi tube, it can be achieved that accelerating to liquid fertilizer, liquid fertilizer is set rapidly to go out from fertilising channel injection, shorter
Required liquid fertilizer is ejected in time, greatly improves operating efficiency.
As optimization, the guide rail extended along furrow wide direction is additionally provided on the vehicle frame, slipping on the guide rail has and side lever
Affixed sliding block is equipped with bolt on the sliding block, and offers axially disposed several jacks on guide rail.This optimization side
Case, can be by adjusting slider in the position of guide rail by setting guide rail and sliding block, and the needle that can make to apply fertilizer is close to crop root part
Position the original shape notch that small spacing is 2cm such as has on the upside of guide rail, makes the round notch of sliding block and the round notch of affiliated guide rail
With one heart, then by bolt it is inserted into identical gains in depth of comprehension notch, realizes accurate horizontal spacing positioning, after once positioning, no longer needs to
Carry out line space positioning；And suitable fertilising wheel can be installed on guide rail according to the actual conditions of crop in greenhouse
Structure realizes that multirow with applying, greatly improves operating efficiency.
As optimization, be additionally provided on the vehicle frame with side lever slip fixing axle, the fixing axle be located at guide rail lower section and
It is parallel with guide rail.Sliding of this prioritization scheme by setting fixing axle to side lever provides further guide-localization.
The invention has the benefit that entering soil fertilization using the fluting that fertile needle can be realized precise positioning, thus on the one hand
As long as being precisely inserted into for the crop root position to be applied fertilizer, without carrying out the sprinkling of full wafer crop leaf, thus
The operating efficiency of fertilising can be improved, it can be achieved that large-scale crop root fertilising；On the other hand fertilising needle can deep enough crop
Required depth simultaneously carries out injection liquid fertilizer, to realize the fertilising work of more depth, liquid fertilizer concentration is injected in root, can be with
So that crop is preferably absorbed the nutrient of liquid fertilizer, without largely using chemical fertilizer, avoids pollution, Er Qieti relatively friendly to environment
The utilization rate of high chemical fertilizer reduces cost；And application effect is good, and operating efficiency is high, can effectively prevent soil property deterioration, improves
Soil environment and quality improve crop yield and quality.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the whole mechanical structural schematic diagram of embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the whole mechanical side view of embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is the structural schematic diagram of fertilising needle in embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 4 is fertilising needle working state figure in embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 5 is the outline drawing of cam in embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 6 and Fig. 7 is cam motion structure schematic diagram in embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 8 is the fluid path schematic diagram of fertilization system in embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 9 is the control flow chart of control system in embodiment of the present invention.
It is as shown in the figure:
1, control switch；2, wheel is driven；3, fertilising wheel；4, Fertilizer distributing pail；5, driving motor；6, overflow valve；7, electric pump；8,
Chain；9, compressed spring type tension wheel structure；10, sliding block；11, hose；12, battery cover；13, support rod；14, bolt；15, guide rail；
16, pipeline；17, electric wire；18, vehicle frame；19, steering shaft；20, rail wheel；21, touching switch；22, cam；23, apply fertilizer needle；24,
Sprocket wheel；25, motor transmission shaft；26, battery；27, fixing axle；28, side lever；29, pedestal bearing is found；30, differential mechanism；31, literary
Venturi；32, block machine；33, spring；34, differential mechanism chassis；35, semiaxis；36, display screen is controlled；37, apply fertilizer motor；38, same
Walk band；39, cabinet.
Specific embodiment
In order to clarify the technical characteristics of the invention, below by specific embodiment, to we by taking broccoli as an example
Case is illustrated.
A kind of facility actuated by cams type liquid fertilizer precise positioning quantificationally fertilizing machine as illustrated in fig. 1 and 2, including walking is installed
The vehicle frame 18 of device is equipped with liquid fertilizer Storing and conveying device, cam movement fertilizer apparatus, positioning device and display on the vehicle frame
Control device.
Running gear includes drive motor 5, differential mechanism 30, vertical pedestal bearing 29, sprocket wheel 24, chain 8, compressed spring type tensioning
3, rail wheel 20, transmission shaft 25, semiaxis 35, differential chassis 34, brake gear, institute are taken turns in wheel construction 9, driving wheel 2, driven fertilising
It states differential chassis 34 to be connected with vehicle frame 18, driving motor 5 and differential mechanism 30 are placed on the differential chassis 34, pass through sprocket wheel 24
It is driven with chain 8, drives driving wheel 2 to rotate, and connect two driving wheels 2 using differential mechanism 30, rail wheel 20 is placed in phase
In the track answered, but also it is equipped with obstacle avoidance module, smooth running, obstacle avoidance ability is preferable, realizes fertilizer applicator by running gear
Movement.Specifically, 5 power of driving motor, which reaches driving wheel 2 through transmission shaft 25, semiaxis 35, sprocket wheel 24, chain 8, makes its turn
It is dynamic, to drive the fertilizer applicator to walk；The differential mechanism 30, which may be implemented in when the fertilizer applicator turns round, guarantees vehicle on the inside of track
Wheel speed is slow compared with speed on the outside of track, prevents that the fertilizer applicator is caused to generate rollover when two sides vehicle wheel vehicle speeds are consistent；The pressure spring
Formula tension wheel structure 9 is placed near driving axletree, is automatically adjusted tensile force to chain, make transmission system it is more stable,
It is safe and reliable.
For driving device in running gear using 48V direct current band brush motor, 48V direct current band brush motor is fixed on differential
On device chassis 34, on direct current generator by electric wire 17 connect control system, corresponding revolving speed can control display screen 36 or
Mobile phone app is shown, can be adjusted the speed by control system, and is equipped in 24 two sides of sprocket wheel and is mounted on subtracting on drive axle
Fast device makes fertilizer applicator walking is gentle to stablize to reduce output revolving speed.
For the ease of running gear, cam movement fertilizer apparatus, positioning device, liquid fertilizer Storing and conveying device and display control
The installation of device processed is provided with suitable vehicle frame 18, support rod 13 and cabinet 39 in the present embodiment.Electricity is driven in running gear
Machine 5 is connected by electric wire with control switch 1, is then connected again with battery 26, driving motor 5 and differential mechanism 30 pass through differential mechanism
Chassis 34 is connected to the surrounding of vehicle frame, and driving wheel 2 and rail wheel 20 are mounted on 18 bottom surface of vehicle frame, and cabinet 39 passes through four supports
Bar 13 is mounted on above vehicle frame, and Fertilizer distributing pail 4 and battery 26 are placed in cabinet 39, and four support rods 13 support cabinet 39
It rises.
The peace dials for being also equipped with the side lever 28 extended downwardly on vehicle frame and being fixed on side lever slides on the peace dials
It is connected with the fertilising needle 23 being connected to by infusion fertilizer pipeline with the Fertilizer distributing pail 4 of liquid fertilizer Storing and conveying device, the infusion fertilizer pipeline
On be equipped with the touching switch 21 that moves up and down of fertilising needle, pacify and be installed with the gear on touching switch motion track on dials
Platform 32；It further include the cam movement fertilizer apparatus for driving the fertilising needle to move up and down.
Cam movement fertilizer apparatus includes the cam 22 that axis is connected on peace dials and the driving cam rotation and and side lever
The second driving device 37 being fixedly connected, the second driving device are fertilising motor, and cam 22 passes through synchronous belt 38 and fertilising motor
Transmission connection, fertilising wheel 3 are fixed by two side levers 28, and fertilising needle 23 is pushed to be inserted into soil application when cam 22 rotates.It is convex
Wheel is equipped with far angle of repose at two, cam contour schematic diagram such as Fig. 5 in the circumferential.Fertilising needle on by horizontal axis be rotatably connected to it is convex
The roller connected is taken turns, applies fertilizer and is also connected by reset spring 33 between needle and peace dials.Specifically, being installed on peace dials
The sliding sliding sleeve with fertilising needle is installed with upper limit plate on the lateral wall for the needle that applies fertilizer, pacifies and be connected with below sliding sleeve on dials
Lower limiting board, the reset spring is set on fertilising needle and the both ends of reset spring can push up supreme limit plate and lower limit respectively
On the plate of position.
Check valve is installed, injection channel two sides are installed with arc-shaped blade, and circle respectively in the injection channel of fertilising needle
The ground end of the close fertilising needle of cambered blade 3, arc-shaped blade 3 are wrapped in injection channel, 360 ° of protections fertilising of maximum magnitude
Channel, arc-shaped blade 3 generate lateral tangential force, can break ground fluting and protection fertilising needle can when arc-shaped 3 rust of blade
Carry out secondary polishing.Check valve is placed in inside fertilising needle, realizes the single way jet of liquid fertilizer, resultant force can join when fertilising needle is applied fertilizer
Examine Fig. 4.
It is extracted and is sprayed using electric pump 7 in the liquid source of liquid fertilizer Storing and conveying device.Electric pump 7 is arranged in 39 bottom of cabinet
On the chassis of protrusion.Connect Fertilizer distributing pail 4 and electric pump 7, electric pump 7 and overflow valve 6, overflow valve 6 and Fertilizer distributing pail 4, electric pump 7 and hose 11
Between use plastic conduit 16, plastic conduit is arranged on cabinet 39, convenient for connection between each section and solid
It is fixed.Using hose 11 between connecting plastic pipeline 16 and fertilising needle construction, hose is convenient flexible, is conducive to fertilising wheel knot
Movement of the structure on guide rail 15.Overflow valve 6 is placed between electric pump 7 and Fertilizer distributing pail 4, is mounted on the partition for being fixed on cabinet 39.
When operation, liquid fertilizer is under 7 suction of electric pump from Fertilizer distributing pail 4 along plastic conduit 16, electric pump 7, plastic conduit 16, hose
11, Venturi tube 31 is finally transported to fertilising needle 23 and is sprayed.Pressure feedback device also be placed in hydraulic system to pressure
Power is fed back on control display screen 36 and mobile phone app, and the real time monitoring to hydraulic system, hydraulic fluid path principle are carried out
Figure can refer to Fig. 8.
It is also equipped on the pipeline between electric pump 7 and touching switch in liquid fertilizer Storing and conveying device and to be connected to Fertilizer distributing pail
Overflow valve is also equipped with Venturi tube 31 on the pipeline between touching switch and fertilising needle, and touching switch 21 is that torsional spring switchs, torsion
The prior art can be used in spring switch, and specific structure repeats no more.
Positioning device includes being fixed on frame box and slipping along the guide rail 15 that furrow wide direction extends, the guide rail to have
The sliding block 10 affixed with side lever is equipped with bolt 14 on the sliding block 10, and offers on guide rail axially disposed several
Jack.Two-wheeled side lever 28 connect with sliding block 10 and is positioned, can be according to the actual conditions of greenhouse corps, and the wheel construction that applies fertilizer can be set
Set it is multiple, in the present embodiment be 4.The fixing axle 27 slipped with side lever, the fixation are fixedly provided on cabinet on vehicle frame
Axis 27 is located at below guide rail and parallel with guide rail, and 28 sets of side lever of fertilising wheel is positioned in fixing axle 27.
By positioning device, make the fertilising wheel construction equipped with cam driving gear by side lever 28 and upper square set in guide rail 15
On sliding block 10 be connected, by adjusting slider 10 in the position of the guide rail 15, the guide rail 15 is fixed on cabinet 39, upside tool
The small spacing such as having is the original shape notch of 2cm, keeps the round notch of the sliding block 10 and the round notch of affiliated guide rail 15 concentric, then
It is inserted into concentric notch by the sliding block bolt 14, realizes accurate horizontal spacing positioning, spacing in the rows precise positioning is then turned by cam
Speed is positioned according to the formula derived before this, is achieved in the precise positioning of line space and spacing in the rows.By once positioning it
Afterwards, it no longer needs to carry out line space positioning, the present embodiment fertilising wheel construction is 4, it can be achieved that multirow greatly improves and makees with applying
Industry efficiency.
When carrying out crop root fertilising using the fertilizer applicator, fertilizer applicator is moved to operating location, regulates fertilising wheel knot
The position of structure, for the needle 23 that makes to apply fertilizer near crop root position, the needle 23 that applies fertilizer starts electric pump 7, running gear perpendicular to ground
Driving motor 5 and fertilising motor, fertilizer applicator walking, fertilising motor band moving cam 22 rotate, and cam 22 and fertilising needle 23 are constituted and rolled
Sub- push cam structure when cam 22 turns to corresponding position, so that fertilising needle 23 be pushed to decline, is initially inserted into soil progress
Fertilising operation.In the present embodiment, fertilising needle 23 has arc-shaped blade, can be easily plugged into soil and apply fertilizer, and removes this
External cam revolving speed can be adjusted according to the revolving speed of corresponding spacing in the rows, driving motor, make apply fertilizer needle be accurately positioned root of the crop
Portion position.The tangential force of generation when being walked by the power of the arc-shaped blade below fertilising needle 23 down with fertilizer applicator, is being inserted
During entering soil and fertilising needle backhaul, it can quickly break ground for fertilising needle 23 and protect fertilising needle 23 with anti-wear.
When fertilising needle 23 has just dropped to bosom (at maximum rise), torsional spring switch is pushed open by block machine 32, and within the scope of far angle of repose
Fertilising needle 23 is always held at bosom, and torsional spring switch 21 is always maintained at open-minded, makes liquid fertilizer by the acceleration of Venturi tube 31 from spray
It penetrates channel and quickly injects directly on crop root.The position of fertilising needle 23 and angle have convenient for the insertion and backhaul of fertilising needle 23
Conducive to fertilising 23 carry out activity of needle, fertilising needle 23 is fixed by the boss on peace dials, and fertilising needle 23 is in downside equipped with same
The spring 33 in axle center, and the downside of spring 33 is in contact with peace dials lower side earthen platform, passing through spring 33 in backhaul will apply fertilizer needle
23 rebound initial position.Fertilizer applicator carries out operation with regard to repeating above procedure later, until liquid fertilizer, which is finished or applies fertilizer, to be terminated.
Drive fertilising needle insertion soil is that the roller tappet cam that the fertilising needle 23 and the cam 22 form moves
Structure can refer to Fig. 6 and 7, as long as the contour curve appropriate by cam 22 designs, so that it may so that roller tappet obtains certainly
The characteristics of motion that oneself wants, and it is cam moving mechanism fast response time, simple and compact.The cam contour of design can join
Fig. 5 is examined, the realization of 22 every revolution of cam is applied fertilizer twice.Roller is located in the 23 upside transverse notch of fertilising needle, roller cam
Friction between mechanism and cam contour is rolling friction, and abrasion is more other compared to minimum, so before guaranteeing service life
It puts, bigger power can also be transmitted, fertilising needle insertion soil is made to apply fertilizer.
In the present embodiment, by control system, the revolving speed of cam depends on applied fertilizer crop spacing and described applies
What the fertile machine speed of travel determined, it applies fertilizer so that it is guaranteed that fertilising needle can be accurately inserted into crop root position, spacing in the rows and driving electricity
Machine revolving speed n1, fertilising motor speed n2It should meet:
Wherein, L is Plants away from cam, which turns around, can be administered twice, and R is driving wheel radius, K1For driving motor and drive
Transmission ratio between driving wheel, K2Transmission ratio between cam motor and cam, n3To drive wheel speed, n4For cam revolving speed, r
For radius of cam base-circle, the amount for needing to adjust: driving motor revolving speed n1, fertilising motor speed n2.Because when driving wheel drives vehicle
When running over a Plants away from x, cam has rotated 180 degree just, will formula above according to the identical column of time t between the two
Son finally obtains spacing in the rows and driving motor revolving speed n in conjunction with simplification1, fertilising motor speed n2Relational expression.Cam is carried out by this formula
It adjusts.
Fluid path schematic diagram of the invention can refer to Fig. 8.Be equipped with above the fertilising needle 23 Venturi tube 31,
Torsional spring switch and overflow valve 6, Venturi tube 31, which can be realized, accelerates liquid fertilizer；Torsional spring switch is normally closed mechanical switch, when
The fertilising needle soon close to crop root position when, torsional spring switch will be pushed open by the block machine, when the fertilising needle
When being inserted into soil bosom, the torsional spring switch is fully opened, and electric pump 7 quickly sprays liquid fertilizer, when resting, the torsional spring
Switch is closed, without spraying liquid fertilizer；The overflow valve 6 is placed between the electric pump 7 and torsional spring switch, is switched in torsional spring
When closing, by liquid fertilizer reflux Fertilizer distributing pail 4, torsional spring switch is only in far angle of repose in fertilising needle 23 and opens, and realizes each quantitative
Liquid fertilizer is sprayed, the average speed sprayed every time is consistent, realizes precisely quantitatively, reinforces the accuracy and safety of liquid channel system.
The present embodiment further includes control system, the control system flow chart of this fertilizer applicator such as Fig. 9, including control display screen
36, control switch 1, control chip, WiFi module, obstacle avoidance module, speed, pressure feedback device, liquid level detection device, control are opened
It closes 1 to be placed on cabinet 39, for controlling the starting of driving motor 5 and the motor that applies fertilizer；Control display screen 36 is placed on cabinet 39
Near control switch 1, key can be used and touch screen inputs corresponding information, it can also the certain important informations of real-time display；WiFi
Module is placed in inside control switch 1, WiFi remote input information can be utilized by mobile phone app, to the speed and opening and closing of fertilizer applicator
Start and stop state is controlled, and the important parameter information of fertilizer applicator can also carry out real time inspection by mobile phone app；Obstacle avoidance module is placed in
The front side of the fertilizer applicator, when there is obstacle, fertilizer applicator will reduce the speed of travel, prevent from encountering barrier when the fertilizer applicator
Shi Fasheng high vibration influences the fertilising needle insertion effect, effectively raises the effect applied fertilizer when encountering barrier；Speed
Degree, pressure feedback device are respectively placed at driving wheel, electric pump outlet and torsional spring switch, feedback pressure and speed can be believed in real time
Breath, can show on mobile phone app and be controlled accordingly；Liquid level detection device is placed in inside Fertilizer distributing pail 4, can be to Fertilizer distributing pail 4
The liquid level of interior liquid fertilizer carries out real-time monitoring, just will call the police when liquid fertilizer has soon been applied；According to institute's pushing-type before this, make having inputted
After object spacing in the rows, cam revolving speed can basisThis formula automatically adjusts with the variation of driving motor revolving speed
The revolving speed of cam, making fertilising needle, accurately in crop root position, insertion soil applies fertilizer, and realizes precise positioning, makes described apply
Fertile machine is more intelligent, automates, and the working efficiency of fertilizer applicator is greatly improved.
A kind of fertilizing method carried out using facility actuated by cams type liquid fertilizer precise positioning quantificationally fertilizing machine, feature are existed
In including the following steps:
1, fertilizer applicator is moved on to job position, position of each sliding block on guide rail is adjusted before operation, make apply fertilizer needle with
The movement of sliding block and close to crop root position；
2, corresponding crops spacing in the rows is inputted to the control system of fertilizer applicator by keystroke touch screen or mobile phone app；
3, start liquid fertilizer feed drive device, the touching switch on infusion fertilizer pipeline is in off state at this time, and liquid fertilizer passes through
Overflow valve flows back into Fertilizer distributing pail；
4, after all preparations are ready, starting fertilizer applicator travel driving unit and fertilising driving device, fertilizer applicator start
Walking；
5, after spacing in the rows has been determined, in fertilizer applicator walking process, revolving speed and the fertilizer applicator speed of travel phase of driving device of applying fertilizer
It adapts to, fertilising motor speed can be with driving motor rotation speed change, and when close to crop, the touching switch on infusion fertilizer pipeline is beaten
It opens, cam moving mechanism makes fertilising needle accurately be inserted into soil near crop root, and liquid fertilizer flows into soil through fertilising needle and carries out
Fertilising；
6, when the needle that applies fertilizer leaves crop root part, the touching switch on infusion fertilizer pipeline is closed, and fertilising needle resets, once
Fertilising terminates；
7, step 5 and 6 is repeated, is applied fertilizer on a large scale.
The present invention enters soil fertilization using the fluting that fertilising needle can be realized precise positioning, as long as on the one hand be directed to crop
The root position to be applied fertilizer precisely is inserted into, and with regard to the sprinkling without carrying out full wafer crop leaf, thus fertilising can be improved
Operating efficiency, it can be achieved that the fertilising of large-scale crop root；On the other hand required for the 23 deep enough crop of energy of fertilising needle
Depth and carry out injection liquid fertilizer, thus realize more depth fertilising work, fertilising needle can be inserted directly into 12cm pairs of soil or less
Liquid fertilizer concentration is injected in root, crop can be made preferably to absorb the nutrient of liquid fertilizer, used without a large amount of by crop root fertilising
Chemical fertilizer avoids pollution, relatively friendly to environment, and improves the utilization rate of chemical fertilizer, reduces cost.
Certainly, above description is also not limited to the example above, technical characteristic of the present invention without description can by or
It is realized using the prior art, details are not described herein；Above embodiments and attached drawing are only used to illustrate the technical scheme of the present invention not
It is limitation of the present invention, is described the invention in detail referring to preferred embodiment, the ordinary skill people of this field
Member is it should be appreciated that variation, remodeling, the addition that those skilled in the art are made within the essential scope of the present invention
Or replacement also should belong to claims of the invention without departure from spirit of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of fertilizing method carried out using facility actuated by cams type liquid fertilizer precise positioning quantificationally fertilizing machine, feature are existed
In including the following steps:
(1) fertilizer applicator is moved on to job position, position of each sliding block on guide rail is adjusted before operation, the needle that makes to apply fertilizer is with sliding block
Movement and close to crop root position；
(2) corresponding crops spacing in the rows is inputted to the control system of fertilizer applicator；
(3) start liquid fertilizer feed drive device, the touching switch on infusion fertilizer pipeline is in off state at this time, and liquid fertilizer passes through overflow
Valve flows back into Fertilizer distributing pail；
(4) starting fertilizer applicator travel driving unit and fertilising driving device；
(5) in fertilizer applicator walking process, the revolving speed and the fertilizer applicator speed of travel for driving device of applying fertilizer are adapted, when close to crop
When, the touching switch on infusion fertilizer pipeline is opened, and the cam moving mechanism needle that makes to apply fertilizer accurately is inserted into soil near crop root
Earth, liquid fertilizer flow into soil through fertilising needle and apply fertilizer；
(6) when the needle that applies fertilizer leaves crop root part, the touching switch on infusion fertilizer pipeline is closed, and fertilising needle resets, and is once applied
Fertilizer terminates；
(7) step (5) and (6) are repeated.
2. a kind of facility actuated by cams type liquid fertilizer precise positioning quantificationally fertilizing machine, the vehicle frame including being equipped with running gear
(18), liquid fertilizer Storing and conveying device is installed, it is characterised in that: be also equipped with and extend downwardly on the vehicle frame on the vehicle frame
Side lever (28) and the peace dials being fixed on side lever are slidably connected on the peace dials and are stored by infusion fertilizer pipeline and liquid fertilizer
The fertilising needle (23) of Fertilizer distributing pail (4) connection of conveying device is equipped on the infusion fertilizer pipeline and moves up and down with fertilising needle
Touching switch (21) pacifies and is installed with the block machine (32) on touching switch motion track on dials；It further include being applied described in driving
The cam that fertile needle moves up and down moves fertilizer apparatus.
3. facility actuated by cams type liquid fertilizer precise positioning quantificationally fertilizing machine according to claim 2, it is characterised in that: institute
Stating cam movement fertilizer apparatus includes the cam (22) and drive the cam rotation and fix with side lever that axis is connected on peace dials
The second driving device (37) of connection；
The roller connecting with cam contact is rotatably connected to by horizontal axis on the fertilising needle, is applied fertilizer also logical between needle and peace dials
Cross reset spring (33) connection.
4. facility actuated by cams type liquid fertilizer precise positioning quantificationally fertilizing machine according to claim 3, it is characterised in that: institute
It states and is installed with the sliding sleeve sliding with fertilising needle on peace dials, be installed with upper limit plate on the lateral wall for the needle that applies fertilizer, pacify solid on dials
It is connected to the lower limiting board being located at below sliding sleeve, the reset spring is set on fertilising needle and the both ends of reset spring can push up respectively
On supreme limit plate and lower limiting board.
5. facility actuated by cams type liquid fertilizer precise positioning quantificationally fertilizing machine according to claim 3, it is characterised in that: institute
It states cam and is equipped with far angle of repose at two in the circumferential.
6. facility actuated by cams type liquid fertilizer precise positioning quantificationally fertilizing machine according to claim 2, it is characterised in that: institute
The injection channel two sides for stating fertilising needle are installed with arc-shaped blade respectively.
7. facility actuated by cams type liquid fertilizer precise positioning quantificationally fertilizing machine according to claim 2, it is characterised in that: liquid
The overflow valve being connected to Fertilizer distributing pail is installed on electric pump (7) in fertile Storing and conveying device and the pipeline between touching switch.
8. facility actuated by cams type liquid fertilizer precise positioning quantificationally fertilizing machine according to claim 2, it is characterised in that: institute
Venturi tube (31) are also equipped on the pipeline that touching switch is stated between the needle that applies fertilizer.
9. facility actuated by cams type liquid fertilizer precise positioning quantificationally fertilizing machine according to claim 2, it is characterised in that: institute
The guide rail (15) for being additionally provided on vehicle frame and extending along furrow wide direction is stated, slipping on the guide rail has the sliding block affixed with side lever (10),
Bolt (14) are equipped on the sliding block (10), and offer axially disposed several jacks on guide rail.
10. facility actuated by cams type liquid fertilizer precise positioning quantificationally fertilizing machine according to claim 9, it is characterised in that:
The fixing axle (27) slipped with side lever is additionally provided on the vehicle frame, the fixing axle (27) is located at below guide rail and puts down with guide rail
Row.
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| CN110521560B (en) | 2023-07-28 |
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