CN110520628A - 在高腐蚀性或侵蚀性工业应用中使用的陶瓷材料组件 - Google Patents
在高腐蚀性或侵蚀性工业应用中使用的陶瓷材料组件 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
相对廉价陶瓷例如氧化铝与高磨损陶瓷例如蓝宝石的表皮或覆盖物的复合组件适合于在经受高腐蚀和/或侵蚀水平的工业环境中使用。该复合组件的设计寿命可比以前使用的部件显著更长。该复合组件可具有与铝连接在一起的陶瓷片,使得接头不易受到复合组件可能暴露的腐蚀方面的损害。
Description
发明人:Brent Elliot
Dennis Rex
Tim Dyer
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求Elliot等人于2017年3月21日提交的美国临时专利申请号62/474,597的优先权,其全部内容通过这一引用并入本文。
发明领域
本发明涉及耐腐蚀组件,并且更具体地涉及在高磨损表面上具有高磨损材料的陶瓷组件。
附图简要描述
图1是液压交换泵的附图。
图2是磨损的转子的附图。
图3是根据本发明一些实施方案的转子轴。
图4是根据本发明一些实施方案的端盖的端视图。
图5是根据本发明一些实施方案的转子底层结构。
图6是根据本发明一些实施方案的端盖。
详细描述
提供了组件,其具有与结构支撑部分连接的磨损层。该组件可任选地被称作陶瓷组件。本发明的组件可任选地包括具有任何合适类型的工业部件或设备件,例如转子、水力压裂(fracking)设备、用于水力压裂的浆料泵或本文另外具体公开的。该结构支撑部分可任选地被称作支撑部分、支撑件或本体,并且可任选地由任何合适的材料例如陶瓷材料制成。陶瓷材料可任选地包括任何合适的廉价陶瓷、氮化铝、铝氧化物或氧化铝、蓝宝石、钇氧化物、氧化锆或铍氧化物。该磨损层可任选地被称作表层、表皮、覆盖层、覆盖物、接合层、层、保护层、工作层或高磨损层,并且可任选地由任何合适的材料例如珍贵的材料、珍贵的陶瓷、相对昂贵的陶瓷、蓝宝石、单晶氧化铝、MgPSZ、氮化硅、YTZ、部分稳定的氧化锆(称为PSZ或陶瓷钢)或能够经受高腐蚀或侵蚀水平(例如在水力压裂环境中)的材料制成。可通过任何合适的工艺例如钎焊将磨损层连接至结构支撑体,所述钎焊可任选地包括钎焊层。该钎焊层可任选地被称作连接层,并且可任选地由任何合适的材料制成,例如铝、纯铝、金属性铝、大于89重量%的铝、大于89重量%的金属性铝、大于92重量%的铝、大于92重量%的金属性铝、大于99重量%的铝或大于99重量%的金属性铝。在连接工艺或步骤中,可将钎焊层加热至任何合适的连接温度,其可任选地包括至少770℃、至少800℃、小于1200℃、在770℃和1200℃之间、在800℃和1200℃之间、在770℃至1000℃或1100℃的范围内。连接工艺或步骤可发生在任何合适的环境中,其可任选地包括非氧化环境、不含氧的环境、不存在氧的环境,真空环境是真空、在压力小于1x10E-4托下的环境、在压力小于1x10E-5托下的环境、氩(Ar)气氛的环境、具有其它稀有气体的气氛的环境或氢(H2)气氛的环境。连接工艺或步骤可任选地形成不含扩散结合的连接层,例如在磨损层和该连接层之间没有扩散结合。连接层在磨损层和结构支撑部分之间形成气密密封,例如具有<1x10E-9sccm He/秒的真空泄漏率的气密密封。连接层能够经受腐蚀性加工化学物质例如水力压裂化学品。
相对廉价陶瓷例如氧化铝与高磨损陶瓷例如蓝宝石的表皮或覆盖物的复合组件适合于在经受高腐蚀和/或侵蚀水平的工业环境中使用。复合组件的设计寿命可比以前使用的部件显著更长。复合组件可具有与铝连接在一起的陶瓷件,使得接头不易受到复合组件可能暴露的腐蚀方面的损害。
在油气工业中的井下工作可包括水力破碎(水力压裂)以提高岩层中的油气释放。水力破碎包括以高的压力将含有水、化学品和/或支撑剂组合的流体泵入井中。流体的高压力帮助释放更多的油气,而一旦流体减压则支撑剂防止裂缝闭合。压裂流体中的支撑剂可为磨蚀性的,并且可提高水力破碎设备的磨损。
水力破碎系统可包括液压交换器系统,其可包括旋转部件,该旋转部件从高压力、较小磨蚀性流体传递压力至较低压力、高磨蚀性流体。高磨蚀性流体可包括砂、固体颗粒和碎片。这样的装置的端盖和转子特别易受磨损的影响。液压交换器可由碳化钨制成以便满足磨损需要,但是这种材料非常昂贵并且也难以制造。甚至使用这种耐磨损材料,部件仍经受侵蚀并且可能需要修复。碳化钨系统的这种修复的实例见于US 2016/0039054。在该公开内容中的修复包括锯开大部件的整个横截面并更换它们。
对于液压交换器而言改进的系统是用极耐磨损的材料例如蓝宝石的磨损表面层或表皮覆盖部件的高磨损区域。这种方式可与之前完全或大部分由高磨损材料制成的部件一起使用,可仅在有限的区域中需要该高磨损材料。完全或大部分由高磨损材料制成的部件可带来高成本,可使用如本文所述的方式降低该高成本。在使用高磨损表面层的情况下,部件的主体则可由较不昂贵并较容易制造的材料例如氧化铝制成。可使用耐腐蚀连接层例如铝。可采用产生耐腐蚀的气密接头的方式将表面层钎焊至底层结构上。这种系统还可用于具有确定的高磨损区域的其它工业部件。
图2是旋转IPX 30的实施方案的分解图。在所说明的实施方案中,旋转IPX 30可包括通常为柱状的本体部分42,其包括壳体44和转子46。旋转IPX 30还可包括两个端结构46和50,其可分别包括歧管54和52。歧管52包括入口58和出口56并且歧管54包括入口60和出口62。例如,入口58可接收高压力第一流体并且出口56可用于将低压力第一流体引出IPX30。类似地,入口60可接收低压力第二流体并且出口62可用于将高压力第二流体引出IPX30。端结构46和50包括分别设置在歧管50和46内并且适用于与转子46流体密封接触的通常为平坦的端板(例如端盖)66和64。如以上指出的,可由具有比预定临界值(例如为至少1000、1250、1500、1750、2000、2250或更大的维氏硬度数值)更大硬度的耐磨损材料(例如碳化物、烧结碳化物、碳化硅、碳化钨等)构造IPX 30的一个或多个部件例如转子46、端板66和/或端板64。例如,与其它材料例如氧化铝陶瓷相比,碳化钨可更耐久并且可提供对磨蚀性流体改进的耐磨损性。
转子46可为柱状并且设置在壳体44中,并且经布置用于绕转子46的纵轴线68旋转。转子46可具有多个通道70,所述通道70基本上纵向延伸穿过转子46,在每个端部处具有绕纵轴线66对称布置的开口74和72。转子46的开口74和72经布置用于与端板66和64水力连通,以这样的方式在旋转过程中它们交替地将高压力流体和低压力流体水压地暴露于各个歧管54和52。在与侵蚀性水力压裂流体接触的这个系统的端部处的部件尤其易受磨损影响。这种磨损的实例见于图2中,其中具有沿着转子46的端部的磨损区域120。
在本发明的一些实施方案中,将保护性表面层连接至高暴露于侵蚀性要素的区域中的底层结构。与由碳化钨制成的前述实例相反,可利用用于底层结构的第一陶瓷和用于表面磨损保护层的第二陶瓷制成替代转子。在一些方面,表面层是蓝宝石。在一些方面,底层结构是氧化铝。这允许使用陶瓷用于更易于制造的底层结构,例如氧化铝。
可采用任何合适的方式将蓝宝石表面层附着于底层结构。在一些方面,表面层通过能够经受腐蚀性加工化学物质的连接层连接至底层陶瓷结构。在一些方面,腐蚀性加工化学物质与水力压裂化学品有关。在一些方面,由钎焊层形成连接层。在一些方面,钎焊层是铝钎焊层。在一些方面,表面层或表皮由可彼此重叠的多个件组成,或者可具有复杂(labyr inth)界面,或者彼此邻接。
在一些方面,通过在任何合适的温度下连接钎焊层将蓝宝石表面层连接至底层陶瓷结构。在一些方面,温度为至少770℃。在一些方面,温度为至少800℃。在一些方面,温度小于1200℃。在一些方面,温度在770℃和1200℃之间。在一些方面,温度在800℃和1200℃之间。在一些方面,当使用在较高温度下可具有材料性质劣化问题的陶瓷时,使用的温度可在770℃至1000℃的范围内。
在一些方面,在任何合适的温度(包括本文公开的任何温度)下在合适的环境中通过连接钎焊层将蓝宝石表面层连接至底层陶瓷结构。在一些方面,环境为非氧化环境。在一些方面,环境不含氧。在一些方面,环境不存在氧。在一些方面,环境是真空。在一些方面,环境处于小于1x10E-4托的压力下。在一些方面,环境处于小于1x10E-5托的压力下。在一些方面,环境是氩(Ar)气氛。在一些方面,环境为其它稀有气体的气氛。在一些方面,环境是氢(H2)气氛。
在一些方面,在任何合适的温度(包括本文公开的任何温度)下在合适的环境(包括本文公开的任何环境)中通过钎焊层将蓝宝石表面层连接至底层陶瓷结构。在一些方面,钎焊层是纯铝。在一种实施方案中,钎焊层是大于89重量%的金属性铝。在一些方面,钎焊层具有大于89重量%铝。在一些方面,钎焊层是大于99重量%的金属性铝。在一些方面,钎焊层具有大于99重量%铝。
在一些方面,在任何合适的温度(包括本文公开的任何温度)下在合适的环境(包括本文公开的任何环境)中通过铝连接层(包括通过本文公开的任何铝钎焊层形成的铝连接层)将蓝宝石表面层连接至底层陶瓷结构。在一些方面,铝连接层不含扩散结合。在一些方面,形成铝连接层的工艺不含扩散结合。在一些方面,在蓝宝石层和铝连接层之间不存在扩散结合。在一些方面,铝连接层在蓝宝石表面层和陶瓷结构之间形成气密密封。在一些方面,铝连接层在蓝宝石表面层和陶瓷结构之间形成气密密封,其具有<1x10E-9sccm He/秒的真空泄漏率。在一些方面,铝连接层能够经受腐蚀性加工化学物质。在一些方面,腐蚀性加工化学物质是水力压裂化学品。
底层陶瓷结构可由任何合适的材料(包括氮化铝、铝氧化物或氧化铝、蓝宝石、钇氧化物、氧化锆、和铍氧化物)制成。
如以上所示,调整钎焊层的厚度从而能够经受由在各种材料之间不同的热膨胀系数所致的应力。可在从以下描述的钎焊步骤冷却的过程中引发残余应力。另外,从室温的快速初始温度上升可跨组件引起一些温度不均匀,其可与在钎焊过程中引发的残余应力复合。
铝具有形成经氧化的铝的自限层的性质。这种层通常是均一的,并且一旦形成,就防止或显著限制额外的氧或其它氧化性化学物质(例如氟化学物质)渗透至基底铝和使氧化过程继续。以这种方法,存在铝氧化或腐蚀的初始短暂时期,铝氧化或腐蚀然后通过在铝表面上已经形成的氧化物(或氟化物)层而基本上停止或变慢。钎焊材料可处于箔片、粉末、薄膜的形式,或者具有适合于本文所述钎焊工艺的任何其它形状因数。例如,钎焊层可为具有厚度范围从0.00019英寸至0.011英寸或更大的片。在一些实施方案中,钎焊材料可为具有大约0.0012英寸厚度的片。在一些实施方案中,钎焊材料可为具有大约0.006英寸厚度的片。通常,铝中的合金化成分(例如镁)在铝的晶界之间作为析出物形成。虽然它们可减小铝结合层的抗氧化性,但是通常这些析出物不形成穿过铝的相连路径,并由此不允许氧化性试剂渗透通过整个铝层,并因此保留了提供耐腐蚀性的铝的自限氧化物层特性。在使用含有可形成析出物的成分的铝合金的实施方案中,将调整工艺参数(包括冷却方案)以使晶界中的析出物最小化。例如,在一些方面,钎焊材料可为具有至少99.5%纯度的铝。在一些实施方案中,可使用可商购得到的铝箔,其可具有大于92%的纯度。在一些实施方案中,使用合金。这些合金可包括Al-5重量%Zr、Al-5重量%Ti、可商购合金#7005、#5083和#7075。在一些实施方案中可采用1100℃的连接温度使用这些合金。在一些实施方案中可采用在800℃和1200℃之间的温度使用这些合金。在一些实施方案中可采用较低或较高的温度使用这些合金。在一些方面,连接层钎焊材料可为大于99重量%的铝。在一些方面,连接层钎焊材料可为大于98重量%的铝。
根据本发明一些实施方案的连接方法依赖于控制连接材料相对于待连接的陶瓷件的流动和润湿。在一些实施方案中,在连接工艺过程中不存在氧允许在没有改变连接区域中的材料的反应的情况下合适的润湿。通过连接材料的合适的润湿和流动,例如,相对于液相烧结,可在低温下实现气密密封的接头。
在钎焊工艺过程中存在大量的氧或氮可产生干扰接头界面区域的完全润湿的反应,其进而可导致接头不是气密的。在没有完全润湿的情况下,在接头界面区域中,未润湿的区域被引入最终接头中。当引入了足够的相连的未润湿区域时,接头失去气密性。
在一些实施方案中,在适合于提供非常低压力的工艺腔室中进行连接工艺。根据本发明实施方案的连接工艺可需要不存在氧以便实现气密密封的接头。在一些实施方案中,在小于1x10E-4托的压力下进行该工艺。在一些实施方案中,在小于1x10E-5托的压力下进行该工艺。
氮的存在可导致氮与熔融的铝反应以形成氮化铝,并且这种反应形成物可干扰接头界面区域的润湿。类似地,氧的存在可导致氧与熔融的铝反应以形成氧化铝,并且这种反应形成物可干扰接头界面区域的润湿。使用压力小于5x10-5托的真空气氛已经显示去除了足够的氧和氮以允许完全耐用(robust)的润湿接头界面区域和气密接头。在一些实施方案中,使用较高的压力(包括大气压力),但是在钎焊步骤过程中在工艺腔室中例如使用非氧化性气体例如氢或纯的稀有气体例如氩也导致了完全耐用的润湿接头界面区域和气密接头。为了避免以上提到的氧反应,在钎焊工艺过程中在工艺腔室中氧的量必须足够低使得没有不利地影响接头界面区域的完全润湿。为了避免以上提到的氮反应,在钎焊工艺过程中在工艺腔室中存在的氮的量必须足够低使得没有不利地影响完全润湿接头界面区域。
选择钎焊工艺过程中合适的气氛,再加上维持最小的接头厚度,可允许完全润湿接头。相反地,选择不合适的气氛可导致差的润湿、空隙并导致非气密接头。受控气氛和受控接头厚度的适当组合与钎焊过程中合适的材料选择和温度一起允许使用气密接头连接材料。
在一些方面,选择底层结构陶瓷以呈现出其热膨胀系数相对于表面层的紧密匹配。热膨胀系数可随温度变化,所以选择匹配的热膨胀系数应考虑从室温至寻求支持的加工温度,并且进一步至连接层的钎焊温度的匹配程度。
在示例性实施方案中,表面层是蓝宝石并且底层结构是氧化铝。蓝宝石(单晶铝氧化物)的热膨胀系数在20℃(293K)、517℃(800K)和1017℃(1300K)下分别为5.38、8.52和9.74x10E-6/K。烧结氧化铝的热膨胀系数在20℃、500℃和1000℃下分别为4.6、7.1和8.1x10E-6/K。这些表现出良好的匹配。在示例性实施方案中,钎焊层是具有按重量计大于89%并且可大于99%Al的纯度的铝。
图3说明根据本发明一些实施方案的转子86。转子86具有底层结构87和端盖130。底层结构87可为氧化铝并且端盖130可为蓝宝石。端盖130可按照以上所述方法采用铝连接层连接至底层结构87。底层结构87为柱状,具有减小的直径和与端盖130交接的端部。端盖130为具有圆形端板的柱体。在底层结构87上方使用端盖130的情况下,可使用更实际的材料例如氧化铝来制造转子86,该材料具有比之前在其它方法中所见甚至更高的耐磨性。
在一些方面,可在转子上方使用端套筒。在一些方面,圆形端盖可与转子一起使用。在一些方面,端套筒和圆形端盖可与转子一起使用。
在另一个示例性实施方案中,纵向通道70可衬以高耐磨性材料例如蓝宝石的柱状内衬。可根据以上所述连接方法将蓝宝石柱状内衬钎焊至转子的底层结构。
在更实际的陶瓷例如氧化铝的底层结构上方使用高耐磨的表面层例如蓝宝石为暴露于高磨损侵蚀性环境的部件提供相对目前方法的显著改进。蓝宝石与氧化铝的良好热膨胀匹配给予良好的材料搭配。
以上提到的结合工艺的低温能够使用除蓝宝石之外的Mg-PSZ、氮化硅和YTZ材料。结合MgPSZ与其它材料的目前已知的工艺需要在>1200℃下金属化。在1200℃或大于1200℃的温度下这些工艺过程中,MgPSZ上的增韧相降解,伴随着四方氧化锆形成立方氧化锆。通过热过时效使材料降解。MgPSZ在高磨损应用下为良好材料的原因是由于该材料上磨粒的磨损硬化效应。当MgPSZ由于磨蚀而磨损时,在氧化锆内产生来自相变的表面压缩应力。当刮擦时,四方氧化锆塌陷为单斜氧化锆,并且在氧化锆中发生体积膨胀从而产生压缩表面应力。这改进了陶瓷的耐磨蚀性。根据本发明的工艺可为在没有使材料降解的情况下可结合MpPSZ与氧化铝的唯一工艺。
在一些方面,设计和制造经受高侵蚀性和/或高腐蚀性操作环境的部件的方法包括在许多工业应用中使用硬质材料例如先进陶瓷、金属-基体复合材料和金属陶瓷。这些材料的性质在存在腐蚀性、高温和/或磨蚀性环境的应用中提供性能和寿命方面的益处。然而,这些材料的另一个性质是在许多情况下它们难以连接在一起。目前使用来连接这些材料与它们自身和与其它材料的典型方法包括胶黏剂、玻璃化、活性钎焊、直接结合和扩散结合。所有这些方法都在工作温度、耐腐蚀性方面或连接具有不同热膨胀系数的材料方面有限制。例如,胶黏剂不能在升高的温度下使用,并且具有有限的耐腐蚀性。活性钎焊具有差的耐腐蚀性;玻璃具有有限的耐腐蚀性并且不能容许任何热膨胀失配。直接结合和扩散结合也不能容许任何热膨胀失配,以及是昂贵和困难的工艺。这些材料中许多的另一个特性是它们难以制造并且制造成本高;就其本性而言,它们是极其硬的。将它们成形为所需几何形状可经常需要使用金刚石工具的数百小时研磨。这些材料中最强和最硬的一些例如蓝宝石和部分稳定的氧化锆(已知为PSZ或陶瓷钢)成本非常高并且难以对它们具有极其有限的工业应用起作用。
在采矿和石油勘探中,必须从地下泵出高磨蚀性浆料。与水力压裂使用压力交换装置来传送高压力磨蚀性浆料类似,采矿和石油勘探使用许多不同的设备用于浆料泵送和传输。这些泵送系统的内部部件有时由先进陶瓷例如氧化铝制成。在这些应用中使用PSZ,可产生显著的寿命和性能优势。具体至PSZ,其材料特性之一是极高的内应力-这部分地提供其高强度和耐磨蚀性。然而,其使制造高精度机器部件非常困难(基本上不可能),因为由于内应力,材料不是尺寸稳定的。当试图研磨正确的形状和尺寸时,材料移动,所以不能由PSZ制成精确的零件。所需的是以接近目前材料的成本的成本,使用最好的材料(在这个情况下为PSZ)性质的方法。
例如,在水力压裂、采矿和石油勘探的磨蚀性浆料泵送应用中,由于浆料的磨蚀而经受磨损的部件例如转子、轴承、端盖等,使用铝钎焊的前述工艺将PSZ或蓝宝石的“表皮”或磨损表面层连接至氧化铝结构上。使用这种方式,坚固地连接至PSZ层的底层氧化铝结构提供实现必要几何形状所需的尺寸稳定性。PSZ在需要的地方提供耐磨蚀性性能,并且使用氧化铝的可制造性和成本来提供结构主体。还可使用蓝宝石,虽然蓝宝石的成本提高并且PSZ的耐磨蚀性,但在一些情况使PSZ为更好的选择。在其它实例中,部件由碳化钨(极硬陶瓷材料)制成。制造这样的部件极其昂贵。在显示磨损的位置使用PSZ将显著提高部件寿命,并且在不经受磨损的部件区域中使用氧化铝陶瓷材料将大幅减小总成本。
例如,在半导体制造中使用的气体等离子体注射喷嘴,可使用小块蓝宝石制成喷口。可使用已经使用的制造方法和成本用氧化铝或氮化铝制造剩余的喷嘴-而不是喷口。然后使用本文所述的铝钎焊工艺在适当位置结合蓝宝石喷口。以这种方法,将蓝宝石的耐等离子侵蚀性与原始氧化铝喷嘴的可制造性和成本相结合。
在半导体制造中,使用既腐蚀性又高温的高能气体等离子体来实现制造集成电路中必要的加工。在许多应用中,在加工环境中使用部件以容纳和引导等离子体。通常这些部件,其常称为边缘环、聚焦环、气体环、气体板、挡板等由石英、硅、氧化铝或氮化铝制成。对于这些部件而言具有以小时测量的寿命是常见的,因为由等离子体所致的零件侵蚀引起工艺漂移和污染,在短的服役时间之后需要更换部件。在一些应用中,通过使用陶瓷喷嘴阵列将等离子体注入加工环境中。这些喷嘴是单片零件,具有复杂的几何形状,并且具有直径0.010”量级的小喷口用于控制等离子体的流量和模式(pattern)。用于这些喷嘴的典型材料为氧化铝或氮化铝。甚至使用这些先进陶瓷,由于高能等离子体所致的喷口侵蚀,喷嘴的寿命为3个月。这需要每三个月完全关闭机器来更换喷嘴阵列,该喷嘴阵列通常包含大于20个单个喷嘴。喷嘴受侵蚀时,它们将污染物释放至等离子体中,减小加工产量。并且随着喷嘴接近它们的寿命末端,由于喷口的侵蚀,等离子体流开始增加,其引起工艺性能改变,进一步减小产量。在该等离子体环境中,其它先进陶瓷材料(例如蓝宝石和氧化钇)具有显著更低的侵蚀速率。如果部件例如边缘环和注射器喷嘴可由这些材料制成,将产生显著的寿命和性能改进。然而,由于以上提到的制造和成本限制,对于这种应用而言没人使用这样的材料。所需的是以接近目前材料的成本的成本,使用最好材料的性质的方法。
本发明的方面提供组合对于侵蚀和腐蚀而言最好的材料(例如蓝宝石(单晶氧化铝)、氧化钇和PSZ)与较低成本的先进陶瓷材料(例如氧化铝)的性质的方法。使用根据本发明实施方案的方法,该方法使用铝作为钎焊材料用于连接先进陶瓷材料与它们自身和其它材料,现在能够结合最高性能的先进陶瓷材料的性质与具有较低成本和简单可制造性的陶瓷(例如氧化铝)的成本和可制造性。这样的工艺制备具有高耐腐蚀性和耐侵蚀性水平的接头,其可在升高的温度下工作,并且其可经受连接材料之间热膨胀的显著变化。
作为部分如以上所述的部件设计,将再次考察陶瓷的热膨胀系数。可选择钎焊层的厚度和/或表面陶瓷层的厚度以在钎焊和随后的冷却过程中和在使用过程中维持应力水平小于允许的水平。
如从以上描述明显的,可从本文给出的描述构造各种各样的实施方案,并且本领域技术人员将容易想到额外的优势和修改。因此,本发明在其更广泛的方面不限于所示和所述的具体细节和说明性实例。相应地,在不脱离申请人的整体发明的精神或范围的情况下,可偏离这样的细节。
Claims (36)
1.用于水力破碎系统的转子轴,包含柱状泵轴,所述柱状泵轴具有端部并包括第一陶瓷、在该柱状泵轴端部上方的端盖,所述端盖包括第二陶瓷、和连接该泵轴和该端盖的连接层,所述连接层包括金属性铝。
2.根据权利要求1所述的转子轴,其中该柱状泵轴进一步在其大部分长度上具有第一直径和在端部具有第二直径,所述第二直径小于所述第一直径。
3.根据权利要求1所述的转子轴,其中该端盖包括柱状壳,其中该端盖的外径为第一直径。
4.根据权利要求3所述的转子轴,其中该第二陶瓷包括蓝宝石。
5.根据权利要求4所述的转子轴,其中该第一陶瓷包括氧化铝。
6.根据权利要求5所述的转子轴,其中该连接层包括大于99重量%金属性铝。
7.根据权利要求3所述的转子轴,其中该端盖进一步包括连接至该柱状壳的圆形端板。
8.根据权利要求3所述的转子轴,其中该第二陶瓷包括MpPSZ。
9.根据权利要求8所述的转子轴,其中该第一陶瓷包括氧化铝。
10.根据权利要求9所述的转子轴,其中该连接层包括大于99重量%金属性铝。
11.根据权利要求3所述的转子轴,其中该第二陶瓷包括YTZ。
12.根据权利要求11所述的转子轴,其中该第一陶瓷包括氧化铝。
13.根据权利要求12所述的转子轴,其中该连接层包括大于99重量%金属性铝。
14.根据权利要求1所述的转子轴,其中该第二陶瓷包括蓝宝石。
15.根据权利要求14所述的转子轴,其中该第一陶瓷包括氧化铝。
16.根据权利要求1所述的转子轴,其中该第二陶瓷包括MpPSZ。
17.根据权利要求16所述的转子轴,其中该第一陶瓷包括氧化铝。
18.根据权利要求1所述的转子轴,其中该第二陶瓷包括YTZ。
19.根据权利要求18所述的转子轴,其中该第一陶瓷包括氧化铝。
20.适合于在高侵蚀性或腐蚀性环境中使用的工业部件,包含具有一个或多个确定的高磨损暴露表面的结构支撑部分,一个或多个保护层和连接该一个或多个保护层与该结构支撑部分的一个或多个磨损暴露表面的一个或多个连接层,其中该一个或多个连接层每个包括金属性铝。
21.根据权利要求20所述的工业部件,其中该结构支撑部分包括氧化铝。
22.根据权利要求21所述的工业部件,其中该一个或多个保护层包括蓝宝石。
23.根据权利要求22所述的工业部件,其中该连接层包括大于99重量%的金属性铝。
24.根据权利要求21所述的工业部件,其中该连接层包括大于99重量%的金属性铝。
25.用于制造在高侵蚀性环境中使用的工业部件的方法,包括以下步骤:将一个或多个表面磨损层布置在工业部件主支撑结构上,其中在该一个或多个表面磨损层和该支撑结构之间设置一个或多个钎焊层,该钎焊层包括金属性铝,将预钎焊的子组件放置在工艺腔室中,从该工艺腔室去除氧并且通过加热至大于770℃的温度来将该表面磨损层连接至该主支撑结构,由此使用气密接头将该表面磨损层连接至该主支撑结构。
26.根据权利要求25所述的方法,其中从该工艺腔室去除氧的步骤包括在加热该部件的过程中应用真空至压力小于1x 10E-4。
27.根据权利要求26所述的方法,其中该主支撑结构包括氮化铝。
28.根据权利要求27所述的方法,其中该一个或多个表面层包括蓝宝石。
29.根据权利要求26所述的方法,其中该主支撑结构包括氧化铝。
30.根据权利要求29所述的方法,其中该一个或多个表面层包括蓝宝石。
31.根据权利要求30所述的方法,其中该钎焊层包括大于99重量%的金属性铝。
32.根据权利要求28所述的方法,其中该一个或多个表面层包括MpPSZ。
33.根据权利要求32所述的方法,其中该钎焊层包括大于99重量%的金属性铝。
34.根据权利要求28所述的方法,其中该一个或多个表面层包括YTZ。
35.根据权利要求34所述的方法,其中该钎焊层包括大于99重量%的金属性铝。
36.根据权利要求25所述的方法,其中该钎焊层包括大于99重量%的金属性铝。
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- 2018-03-21 CN CN201880024954.2A patent/CN110520628A/zh active Pending
- 2018-03-21 WO PCT/US2018/023666 patent/WO2018175665A1/en active Search and Examination
- 2018-03-21 TW TW107109650A patent/TW201841869A/zh unknown
- 2018-03-21 CN CN201880029761.6A patent/CN110582834A/zh active Pending
- 2018-03-21 US US15/927,940 patent/US20190066980A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2018-03-21 KR KR1020197030563A patent/KR20190132425A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2018-03-21 US US15/927,788 patent/US20180354861A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2018-03-21 KR KR1020197030565A patent/KR20190127863A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2018-03-21 WO PCT/US2018/023644 patent/WO2018175647A1/en active Search and Examination
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- 2018-03-21 JP JP2019552021A patent/JP2020514237A/ja active Pending
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KR20190132425A (ko) | 2019-11-27 |
EP3601803A4 (en) | 2020-11-11 |
WO2018175665A1 (en) | 2018-09-27 |
KR20190127863A (ko) | 2019-11-13 |
WO2018175647A9 (en) | 2019-03-07 |
US20180354861A1 (en) | 2018-12-13 |
US20190066980A1 (en) | 2019-02-28 |
EP3601803A1 (en) | 2020-02-05 |
JP2020512691A (ja) | 2020-04-23 |
TW201841869A (zh) | 2018-12-01 |
WO2018175647A1 (en) | 2018-09-27 |
JP2020514237A (ja) | 2020-05-21 |
CN110582834A (zh) | 2019-12-17 |
EP3602603A1 (en) | 2020-02-05 |
EP3602603A4 (en) | 2020-12-30 |
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