CN110507851A - 一种可吸收骨蜡及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种可吸收骨蜡及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN110507851A CN110507851A CN201910757496.XA CN201910757496A CN110507851A CN 110507851 A CN110507851 A CN 110507851A CN 201910757496 A CN201910757496 A CN 201910757496A CN 110507851 A CN110507851 A CN 110507851A
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- bone
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- bone wax
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种可吸收骨蜡及其制备方法,该方法包括步骤:1)将聚氧丙烯聚氧乙烯嵌段共聚物和聚氧丙烯聚氧乙烯无规共聚物混合,在加热条件下搅拌均匀,得到液体混合物;2)在保持机械搅拌和加热的条件下,向步骤1)所得液体混合物中加入止血淀粉微球,得到混合均匀的液体;3)向步骤2)所得混合均匀的液体中加入权利要求1或2制备的骨修复材料,混合均匀后,倒入模具或者分装瓶中,常温下放置、固化成型即得所述可吸收骨蜡。本发明通过改善骨蜡的主要成分,提高其生物利用度,增强其降解性,减少因骨蜡存留引发的炎症;能实现迅速止血的效果,改变传统骨蜡仅靠物理封堵较为单一的止血方法。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及生物医学工程材料技术领域,尤其是一种可吸收骨蜡及其制备方法。
背景技术
在许多外伤和手术过程中,都会出现骨出血的现象,因而,控制骨的出血或者骨的止血是很有必要的。骨蜡是一种骨止血材料,用于在手术过程中,通过在切割表面处涂抹骨血,来控制局部骨出血。目前广泛用于外科手术中的骨蜡,大多都是从蜂蜡制备的,通过将蜂蜡与水不溶性烃和植物油混合而制得。这类型的骨蜡的缺点就是骨蜡在室温时粘合性差,脆性大。然而,广泛使用的传统骨蜡不仅会引起慢性炎症而且会引起异物反应,降低导致非愈合的细菌间隙,增加骨感染的风险,并由于其不可再生的性质而抑制骨愈合过程。因此,对于需要骨性再生和/或融合的区域来说,它是很不适用的,而且它不能在受污染的地区使用。为了克服传统骨蜡的这些缺点,可吸收骨蜡的研究迫在眉睫。
聚氧丙烯聚氧乙烯嵌段共聚物(PEG-PPG-PEG)与聚氧丙烯聚氧乙烯无规共聚物(PEG-PPG)是一种具有良好止血效果的可吸收高分子材料,因其具有无毒、无刺激、良好的生物相容性,通过加工、修饰使降解具有可控性,降解产物易吸收,免疫抗原性低等优点而被作为骨蜡的原材料,成为了研究的热点。
止血淀粉微球是指以淀粉为原料,在引发剂作用下,使交联剂与淀粉上的羟基进行适度交联制得的一种变性淀粉。这种止血淀粉微球具有微米尺寸,吸附性强,在生物体内具有一定的可变形性,易于降解。淀粉微球还具有优秀的生物相容性,无毒、可生物降解、无免疫原性而且原料来源异常广泛、价格低廉。
淀粉本身具有一定的吸水性,同时止血淀粉微球又具有微米尺寸,增大与水分的接触面积,能够快速吸干血液中的水分,同时发挥分子筛的作用,使血液中红细胞、凝血酶、血小板和纤维蛋白等有效成分在淀粉微球表面聚集,形成凝胶状混合物,达到迅速止血的效果。已上市的淀粉微球止血剂为Medafor公司的微孔多聚糖止血球(AristaTM AH),是一种粉末状止血剂,来源于纯化的马铃薯淀粉。粉末中不含任何动物或人源性成分,为非生物活性颗粒。经临床证明,微孔多聚糖止血球在胸腰椎骨折前路减压术、内镜甲状腺手术、胸骨切开术中具有快速、有效、持久的止血效果。
β-磷酸三钙(β-TCP)具有良好的生物相容性、生物活性以及生物降解性,是理想的人体硬组织修复和替代材料,在生物医学工程学领域一直受到人们的密切关注。在人体和动物骨骼的主要无机成分是磷和钙,而磷酸三钙主要是由钙、磷组成,其成分与骨基质的无机成分相似,与骨结合好。动物或人体细胞可以在磷酸三钙材料上正常生长,分化和繁殖。大量实验研究证明:β-磷酸三钙(β-TCP)对骨髓造血机能无不良反应,无排异反应,无急性毒性反应,不致癌变,无过敏现象。β-磷酸三钙(β-TCP)能与机体组织在界面上实现化学键性结合,其在体内有一定的溶解度,能释放对机体无害的离子,能参与体内代谢,对骨质增生有刺激或诱导作用,能促进缺损骨组织的修复,显示出生物活性。
纳米银作为金属银的一种特殊形态,是指粒径在1~100nm之间的金属银微粒组成的粉体。纳米银由于其颗粒极其微小,表面积较大,使其具有显著的表面效应、量子尺寸效应和量子隧道效应,因而使纳米银具有超强的活性及渗透性,其杀菌作用是普通银的数百倍。纳米银作为一类新型抗菌剂,具有强大抑菌、杀菌作用及其广谱的抗菌活性,具有传统无机抗菌剂无法比拟的抗菌效果,无耐药性,安全性高。因此,随着抗生素的细菌耐药性日益严重,纳米银在消毒杀菌领域的研究和应用越来越受到了广泛的关注。β-TCP-PDA-Ag属于负载有纳米银的一种骨修复材料,其既具有β-TCP的骨修复效果,又具有纳米银强大的抑菌抗菌作用。
现有骨蜡的主要成分大多都是蜂蜡,通过将蜂蜡与水不溶性烃和植物油混合而制得。这类型的骨蜡的缺点就是该蜡在室温时粘合性差,脆性大。最常见的骨蜡是人体不可吸收的,当这种骨蜡用在手术时,会在施用部位长时间存留,很容易造成感染并引起炎症反应,破坏周围组织,影响骨的再生长。同时,这类骨蜡的应用原理比较单一,是用物理封堵的方法将骨髓内的毛细血管渗血部位进行堵住,当出血量较大时,就存在封堵不住的可能性。此外,在外伤或者手术中常常存在着骨缺损的状况,同时,在外伤和手术中很容易造成感染并引起炎症反应,破坏周围组织,影响骨的再生长,但传统骨蜡并不能有效地对缺损的骨组织进行修复。
发明内容
为解决上述技术问题,本发明采取的技术方案包括以下几个方面:
在第一个方面,本发明提供了一种骨修复材料的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)取多巴胺盐酸盐,溶解在Tris-HCl缓冲液中,配成多巴胺溶液;
(2)将β-磷酸三钙加入步骤(1)所得多巴胺溶液中,经搅拌均匀、离心洗涤、冷冻干燥,得到包覆了聚多巴胺的β-磷酸三钙,标记为β-TCP-PDA;
(3)将步骤(2)所得β-TCP-PDA分散到银氨溶液中,再加入葡萄糖和聚乙烯吡咯烷酮,搅拌均匀,得到负载银纳米粒子的β-TCP骨修复材料,标记为β-TCP-PDA-Ag,即得所述骨修复材料。其中,Tris-HCl缓冲液pH优选为8.5。
优选地,所述步骤(3)中葡萄糖与银氨溶液中AgNO3的质量比为0.6。需要说明的是,将一定质量的AgNO3溶于水,分别配制成0.01g/L的AgNO3溶液,滴加26%的氨水溶液,使溶液变成棕褐色后,继续滴加至溶液澄清透明,得到上述银氨溶液。本申请的发明人经多次试验发现,当葡萄糖与银氨溶液中AgNO3的质量比为0.6时,能使银氨溶液中的银离子最大程度地还原为纳米银,同时又不造成葡萄糖的浪费。
优选地,所述步骤(2)中β-磷酸三钙(β-TCP)采用如下方法制备:
将Ca(NO3)2溶解于含有去离子水的烧杯中,形成含有Ca的溶液;
再将(NH4)2HPO4溶解于含有去离子水的烧杯中,形成含有P的溶液;
将SDS添加到上述Ca(NO3)2溶液中,在机械搅拌下,逐滴添加(NH4)2HPO4溶液;在滴加(NH4)2HPO4溶液的过程中,加入氨水,使整个体系在反应过程中保持PH≥10;
在(NH4)2HPO4溶液滴加完后,继续在机械搅拌下反应,之后静置沉淀陈化;随后用布氏漏斗进行抽滤,再用去离子水和无水乙醇交替洗涤沉淀物,直至滤液呈中性,将洗涤至中性的沉淀物真空干燥,得到松散、不结块的TCP粉末,将得到的松散TCP粉末烧结,得到β-磷酸三钙(β-TCP)粉末。
优选地,所述Ca(NO3)2与(NH4)2HPO4的摩尔比为3:1。本申请的发明人经多次试验发现,当Ca(NO3)2与(NH4)2HPO4的摩尔比为3:1时,能够保证最大程度地合成TCP,并且不会造成原料的浪费以及杂质的生成。
在第二个方面,本发明提供了一种可吸收骨蜡的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
1)将聚氧丙烯聚氧乙烯嵌段共聚物(PEG-PPG-PEG)和聚氧丙烯聚氧乙烯无规共聚物(PEG-PPG)混合,在加热条件下搅拌均匀,得到液体混合物;
2)在保持机械搅拌和加热的条件下,向步骤1)所得液体混合物中加入止血淀粉微球,得到混合均匀的液体;
3)向步骤2)所得混合均匀的液体中加入权利要求1或2制备的骨修复材料,混合均匀后,倒入模具或者分装瓶中,常温下放置、固化成型即得所述可吸收骨蜡。
优选地,所述PEG-PPG-PEG:PEG-PPG:止血淀粉微球:骨修复材料的摩尔比为3:7:2:0.5。本申请的发明人经多次试验发现,当PEG-PPG-PEG:PEG-PPG:止血淀粉微球:骨修复材料的摩尔比为3:7:2:0.5时,制备的可吸收骨蜡软硬适中、可塑性强、便于操作;止血淀粉微球加入量过少会使止血效果减弱,加入量过多会使可吸收骨蜡硬度大,不便于操作;同时,骨修复材料加入量过少会使骨修复效果减弱,加入量过多会使可吸收骨蜡硬度大,粘附性小,不便于操作。
优选地,所述步骤2)中止血淀粉微球采用如下方法制备:
取可溶性淀粉,加入纯化水,调匀,用无水碳酸钠调节pH,放到磁力搅拌器上加热搅拌,糊化至透明,冷却待用;
取交联剂,加入纯化水,放在磁力搅拌器上搅拌溶解,溶解后倒入糊化的淀粉溶液中,搅拌均匀,得到配制好的淀粉溶液;
在三口烧瓶中加入大豆油,然后加入乳化剂Span80,放入恒温水浴装置中加热至Span80完全溶解,降温至45℃、在机械搅拌下,将配制好的淀粉溶液缓慢加入,当淀粉溶液滴加完毕,在45℃条件下反应完全,之后离心分离得到油水相分离的溶液,分去油相,依次用无水乙醇、蒸馏水、丙酮交替洗涤,然后冷冻干燥即得到止血淀粉微球。
优选地,所述油水相体积比为0~2:0~1。更优选地,所述体积比为1:1。
在第三个方面,本发明提供了一种可吸收骨蜡,所述骨蜡的制备原料包括PEG-PPG-PEG、PEG-PPG、止血淀粉微球和骨修复材料,其中,PEG-PPG-PEG:PEG-PPG:止血淀粉微球:骨修复材料的摩尔比为3:7:2:0.5。
综上所述,本发明的有益效果为:
本发明采用生物相容性较好的聚氧丙烯聚氧乙烯嵌段共聚物(PEG-PPG-PEG)和聚氧丙烯聚氧乙烯无规共聚物(PEG-PPG)作为骨蜡的原材料,增强了其在体内的降解性,有利于吸收;其次,止血淀粉微球的加入可以使血液中红细胞、凝血酶、血小板和纤维蛋白等有效成分在止血淀粉微球表面聚集,形成凝胶状混合物,达到迅速止血的效果,加入了止血淀粉微球的可吸收骨蜡相较于传统骨蜡仅靠物理封堵的止血方法,能够快速止血,加快止血所需的时间;最后,骨修复材料的加入,为骨修复的过程提供所需要的离子成分,诱导骨质增生,促进骨的自修复;同时载有纳米银粒子的骨修复材料,既能起到骨修复的作用,又因为纳米银粒子的存在,起到强大的抗菌抑菌作用,减少因为感染而造成的炎症的产生。
附图说明
图1为止血淀粉微球的扫描电镜(SEM)图;
图2为β-TCP与β-TCP-PDA-Ag的RD(XRD)图;其中,横轴为角度;
图3为具有止血抗炎效果和促进骨修复的可吸收骨蜡的细胞活性图;
图4为具有止血抗炎效果和促进骨修复的可吸收骨蜡的碱性磷酸酶(ALP)活性检测图;
图5为具有止血抗炎效果和促进骨修复可吸收骨蜡的APTT和PT检测结果图;
图6为各组骨蜡的体内止血效果图;
图7为可吸收骨蜡(1)具有止血抗炎效果和促进骨修复的可吸收骨蜡(2)的抗菌性能检测结果图。
具体实施方式
本发明通过对聚氧丙烯聚氧乙烯嵌段共聚物(PEG-PPG-PEG)与聚氧丙烯聚氧乙烯无规共聚物(PEG-PPG)的研究,开发出一种可吸收及可降解的止血材料。在本发明的骨蜡中加入止血淀粉微球,能够快速吸干血液中的水分和发挥分子筛的作用,使血液中红细胞、凝血酶、血小板和纤维蛋白等有形成分在颗粒表面聚集,形成凝胶状混合物,达到迅速止血的效果。此外,骨修复材料的加入,可以提供骨缺损部位修复时形成骨骼所需要的矿物质,有效地促进成骨细胞活性和抑制成骨细胞分化。同时,纳米银粒子的加入能够有效地抑制各种革兰氏阳性菌和革兰氏阴性菌,因而,负载有纳米银离子的骨修复材料可以有效地抑制由各种细菌引起的骨髓炎,从而增强其在医学临床上的应用。
本发明的创新点与难点在于:1)制备了具有止血功能的淀粉微球;2)制备了具有抗菌功能的骨修复材料;3)将具有止血功能的淀粉微球与载有纳米银粒子的骨修复材料,通过聚氧丙烯聚氧乙烯嵌段共聚物(PEG-PPG-PEG)和聚氧丙烯聚氧乙烯无规共聚物(PEG-PPG),有机复合在一起,形成具有止血,抗菌和骨修复功能的可吸收骨蜡。
在一些实施例中,本发明通过改善骨蜡的主要成分,提高其生物利用度,增强其降解性,减少因骨蜡存留引发的炎症;止血淀粉微球的加入可以使血液中红细胞、凝血酶、血小板和纤维蛋白等有效成分在止血淀粉微球表面聚集,形成凝胶状混合物,达到迅速止血的效果,改变传统骨蜡仅靠物理封堵较为单一的止血方法。同时,载银的骨修复材料的加入,既可以有效地减少因为外伤和手术中造成的骨组织感染及引起炎症反应,又可以促进因疾病、外伤、手术等引起的骨缺损部位的骨修复。
在一些实施例中,本发明提供了止血淀粉微球的制备方法,包括步骤:
称取一定量的可溶性淀粉,加入适量的纯化水,调匀,用无水碳酸钠调节pH,放到磁力搅拌器上加热搅拌,糊化至透明,冷却待用。称取取一定量的交联剂放在另一个烧杯中,加入适量的纯化水,放在磁力搅拌器上搅拌溶解,溶解后倒入糊化的淀粉溶液中,搅拌均匀,待用。在三口烧瓶中加入适量的大豆油然后加入乳化剂Span80,放入恒温水浴装置中加热至60℃使Span80完全溶解,降温至45℃在机械搅拌下,将配制好的淀粉溶液缓慢加入。当淀粉溶液滴加完毕,在45℃条件下,反应一段时间。离心分离,分去油相,依次用无水乙醇、蒸馏水、丙酮交替洗涤,然后冷冻干燥即得到止血淀粉微球。
上述中的交联剂可以为环氧氯丙烷、甲醛、三氯氧磷、三偏(或三聚)磷酸钠、六偏磷酸钠等的一种或者多钟组合,优选三偏磷酸钠。
上述中的糊化温度范围为40~85℃,优选60℃。
上述中调节的PH值为PH≧10.
上述中机械搅拌的速度为200~600r/min,优选400r/min.
上述中可溶性淀粉的浓度为2~10wt%,优选8wt%。
上述中的油水相体积比为0~2:0~1,优选1:1。
上述中乳化剂用量为0.009g/mL油。
上述中交联剂(三偏磷酸钠)的用量为0.1wt%~1wt%的可溶性淀粉的重量。
上述中的反应时间优选为6h。
上述中的离心条件优选为转速10000rpm,时间10min。
上述中的冷冻干燥的条件优选为-70℃冷冻干燥24h。
在一些实施例中,本发明提供了β-磷酸三钙(β-TCP)的制备方法,包括步骤:
称取一定量的Ca(NO3)2,并将其溶解于含有去离子水的烧杯中,形成含有Ca的溶液;再称取一定量的(NH4)2HPO4并将其溶解于含有去离子水的烧杯中,形成含有P的溶液;将适量的SDS添加到Ca(NO3)2溶液中,在机械搅拌下,按一定的滴加速度逐滴添加(NH4)2HPO4溶液;在滴加(NH4)2HPO4溶液的过程中,加入一定量的氨水,使整个体系在反应过程中保持PH≥10;在(NH4)2HPO4溶液滴加完后,继续在机械搅拌下反应2h,之后静置沉淀陈化一个晚上;随后用布氏漏斗进行抽滤,再用去离子水和无水乙醇交替洗涤沉淀物,直至滤液呈中性。将洗涤至中性的沉淀物真空干燥,得到松散,不结块的TCP粉末。将得到的松散TCP粉末放置于马弗炉中下烧结,得到β-磷酸三钙(β-TCP)粉末。
上述中的Ca(NO3)2与(NH4)2HPO4的比例优选为3:1的摩尔比。
上述中的机械搅拌的速度优选为400~600r/min;
上述中的真空干燥条件优选为110℃,干燥时间为12h。
上述中马弗炉的烧结条件优选为1000℃,烧结时间为5h。
在一些实施例中,本发明提供了β-TCP-PDA-Ag骨修复材料的制备方法,包括步骤:
称取一定量的多巴胺盐酸盐,溶解在一定体积的pH=8.5的Tris-HCl缓冲液中,配成2mg/ml的多巴胺溶液,按照一定的比例再将适量的步骤(2)中制备的β-TCP分散到该多巴胺溶液中,常温下磁力搅拌48h后,离心洗涤、冷冻干燥,得到包覆了聚多巴胺的β-TCP,标记为β-TCP-PDA。
将一定质量的AgNO3溶于水,分别配制成0.01g/L的AgNO3溶液,滴加26%的氨水溶液,使溶液变成棕褐色后,继续滴加至溶液澄清透明,得到银氨溶液。将0.4gβ-TCP-PDA分散到银氨溶液中,再按照一定的比例加入一定量的葡萄糖作为还原剂,加入聚乙烯吡咯烷酮,使其溶解后起到助分散的作用。常温下磁力搅拌8h,得到负载银纳米粒子的β-TCP骨修复材料,标记为β-TCP-PDA-Ag。
上述中的一定的比例为多巴胺盐酸盐与β-TCP的摩尔比例,优选为1:1。
上述中的磁力搅拌的速度优选为400~600r/min。
上述中的离心条件优选为转速10000rpm,时间10min。
上述中的冷冻干燥的条件优选为-70℃冷冻干燥24h。
上述中的一定比例的葡萄糖为葡萄糖与AgNO3的质量比,优选为葡萄糖:AgNO3=0.6。
上述中的聚乙烯吡咯烷酮溶解后的浓度为5wt%。
在一些实施例中,本发明提供了具有止血抗炎效果和促进骨修复的可吸收骨蜡的制备方法,包括步骤:
将适量的聚氧丙烯聚氧乙烯嵌段共聚物(PEG-PPG-PEG)和适量的聚氧丙烯聚氧乙烯无规共聚物(PEG-PPG)混合,在机械搅拌的条件下加热,使混合物呈现为液体状并混合均匀。在保持机械搅拌和加热的条件下,在上述混合均匀的液体混合物中缓慢加入一定量止血淀粉微球,并搅拌混合均匀。然后,在上述混合均匀的液体中加入一定量的相对应的骨修复材料,并混合均匀。将混合均匀后的混合物倾倒出事先准备好的模具或者分装瓶中,常温下放置2h固化成型。
上述中的聚氧丙烯聚氧乙烯嵌段共聚物(PEG-PPG-PEG)分子量的优选范围为4400~14600;
上述中的聚氧丙烯聚氧乙烯无规共聚物(PEG-PPG)分子量的优选范围为2500~12000;
上述中的各组分的比例优选为PEG-PPG-PEG:PEG-PPG:止血淀粉微球:骨修复材料=3:7:2:0.5,所述的比例为摩尔比。
上述中的机械搅拌的速度优选为400~600r/min;
上述中的加热温度范围优选为60℃~100℃。
在一些实施例中,本发明提出了一种具有双重止血效果功能和促进骨修复的可吸收骨蜡及制备方法,该骨蜡具有良好的生物相容性和可降解性,能够为体内的吸收降解提供良好的生理条件,并具有与传统骨蜡相同原理的止血性能。止血淀粉微球的加入可以使血液中红细胞、凝血酶、血小板和纤维蛋白等有效成分在止血淀粉微球表面聚集,形成凝胶状混合物,达到迅速止血的效果,加入了止血淀粉微球的可吸收骨蜡相较于传统骨蜡仅靠物理封堵的止血方法,能够快速止血,加快止血所需的时间;
其次,骨修复材料的加入,为骨修复的过程提供所需要的离子成分,诱导骨质增生,促进骨的自修复;
另外,β-磷酸三钙(β-TCP)对骨髓造血机能无不良反应,无排异反应,无急性毒性反应,不致癌变,无过敏现象。β-磷酸三钙(β-TCP)能与机体组织在界面上实现化学键性结合,其在体内有一定的溶解度,能释放对机体无害的离子,能参与体内代谢,对骨质增生有刺激或诱导作用,能促进缺损骨组织的修复,显示出生物活性。纳米银作为一类新型抗菌剂,具有强大抑菌、杀菌作用及其广谱的抗菌活性,具有传统无机抗菌剂无法比拟的抗菌效果,无耐药性,安全性高。β-TCP-PDA-Ag属于负载有纳米银的一种骨修复材料,其既具有β-TCP的骨修复效果,又具有纳米银强大的抑菌抗菌作用。
上述可吸收骨蜡及制备方法包括以下步骤:①止血淀粉微球材料的制备;②骨修复材料的制备;③载银骨修复材料的制备;④具有双重止血效果功能和促进骨修复的可吸收骨蜡的制备。本发明的骨蜡制备操作简单,所需的原材料易得,有望在生物医学工程材料领域得到广泛的应用。
为更好的说明本发明的目的、技术方案和优点,下面将结合附图和具体实施例对本发明作进一步说明。如无特别说明,本发明中的实验方法或检测方法均为常规方法。
实施例1止血淀粉微球的制备
称取24g的可溶性淀粉,加入适量的纯化水调匀,配置成8wt%的淀粉溶液,用无水碳酸钠调节pH≧10,在磁力搅拌器上加热至60℃,按400r/min的速度进行搅拌,糊化至透明,冷却待用。称取取2.4g的交联剂放在另一个烧杯中,加入适量的纯化水,放在磁力搅拌器上搅拌溶解,溶解后倒入糊化的淀粉溶液中,搅拌均匀,待用。按照水/油比为1/2,在三口烧瓶中加入600ml的大豆油然后加入5.4g乳化剂Span80,放入恒温水浴装置中加热至60℃使Span80完全溶解,降温至45℃在机械搅拌下,将配制好的淀粉溶液缓慢加入。当淀粉溶液滴加完毕,在45℃条件下,反应一段时间。离心分离,分去油相,依次用无水乙醇、蒸馏水、丙酮交替洗涤,然后冷冻干燥即得到止血淀粉微球。
图1是止血淀粉微球的扫描电镜(SEM)图,从图1中可以明显看到制备的止血淀粉微球呈球状结构,球的直径均小于100um,属于微米范畴的球状粒子,因而制备的止血淀粉是淀粉微球。
实施例2β-磷酸三钙(β-TCP)骨修复材料的制备
称取一定量的Ca(NO3)2,并将其溶解于含有去离子水的烧杯中,配制成0.5mol/L的溶液;再称取一定量的(NH4)2HPO4并将其溶解于含有去离子水的烧杯中,配制成0.5mol/L的溶液;将适量的SDS添加到Ca(NO3)2溶液中,在400~600rpm机械搅拌下,按Ca(NO3)2与(NH4)2HPO4的比例为3:1的摩尔比,逐滴添加(NH4)2HPO4溶液;在滴加(NH4)2HPO4溶液的过程中,加入一定量的氨水,使整个体系在反应过程中保持PH≥10;在(NH4)2HPO4溶液滴加完后,继续在机械搅拌下反应2h,之后静置沉淀陈化一个晚上;随后用布氏漏斗进行抽滤,再用去离子水和无水乙醇交替洗涤沉淀物,直至滤液呈中性。将洗涤至中性的沉淀物110℃真空干燥12h,得到松散,不结块的TCP粉末。将得到的松散TCP粉末放置于马弗炉中1000℃下烧结5h,得到β-磷酸三钙(β-TCP)粉末。
实施例3β-TCP-PDA-Ag骨修复材料的制备
称取一定量的多巴胺盐酸盐,溶解在一定体积的pH=8.5的Tris-HCl缓冲液中,配成2mg/ml的多巴胺溶液,按照多巴胺盐酸盐与β-TCP为1:1的比例再将适量的实施例3中制备的β-TCP分散到该多巴胺溶液中,常温下磁力搅拌48h后,离心洗涤、冷冻干燥,得到包覆了聚多巴胺的β-TCP,标记为β-TCP-PDA。
将一定质量的AgNO3溶于水,分别配制成0.01g/L的AgNO3溶液,滴加26%的氨水溶液,使溶液变成棕褐色后,继续滴加至溶液澄清透明,得到银氨溶液。将0.4gβ-TCP-PDA分散到银氨溶液中,再按照葡萄糖:AgNO3=0.6:1的比例加入一定量的葡萄糖作为还原剂,加入5wt%聚乙烯吡咯烷酮,使其溶解后起到助分散的作用。常温下400~600r/min转速的磁力搅拌8h,得到负载银纳米粒子的β-TCP骨修复材料,标记为β-TCP-PDA-Ag。
实施例4具有止血抗炎效果和促进骨修复的可吸收骨蜡的制备
将适量的聚氧丙烯聚氧乙烯嵌段共聚物(PEG-PPG-PEG)和适量的聚氧丙烯聚氧乙烯无规共聚物(PEG-PPG)混合,在机械搅拌的条件下加热,使混合物呈现为液体状并混合均匀。在保持机械搅拌和加热的条件下,在上述混合均匀的液体混合物中缓慢加入一定量纳米止血淀粉(实施例1制备),并搅拌混合均匀。然后,在上述混合均匀的液体中加入一定量的相对应的骨修复材料(实施例3制备),并混合均匀。将混合均匀后的混合物倾倒出事先准备好的模具或者分装瓶中,常温下放置2h固化成型,即得本发明的可吸收骨蜡。
其中,聚氧丙烯聚氧乙烯嵌段共聚物(PEG-PPG-PEG)分子量的范围为4400~14600;聚氧丙烯聚氧乙烯无规共聚物(PEG-PPG)分子量的范围为2500~12000;
PEG-PPG-PEG:PEG-PPG:止血淀粉微球:骨修复材料的摩尔比=3:7:2:0.5;机械搅拌的速度为400~600r/min;加热温度范围为60℃~100℃。
实施例5各组骨修复材料的鉴定
将实施例2和实施例3制备的骨修复材料进行X线衍射表征检测,得到的结果如图2所示。从图2中的图谱可以看出,制备的β-TCP与β-TCP-PDA-Ag相比较,纳米银的加入,并没有改变材料的组成的结构;在X-RD图谱中的β-TCP与β-TCP-PDA-Ag,在28°,31°,34°左右存在特征峰,与标准的β-TCP的X-RD图谱相对应,而β-TCP-PDA-Ag的图谱中在35°~85°之间存在着5个特征峰与纳米银的特征峰相对应。因此,从图2中可以证明制备的材料是β-TCP与β-TCP-PDA-Ag,同时,纳米银的加入,并没有改变β-TCP的结构。
实施例6各组可吸收骨蜡的止血效果
图6、表1、表2中的A,B,C分别代表:(A)可吸收骨蜡,(B)β-TCP/止血淀粉微球/可吸收骨蜡,(C)β-TCP-PDA-Ag/止血淀粉微球/可吸收骨蜡。从图6中,可以清楚看到各组可吸收骨蜡均具有良好的止血效果;从表1,表2中可以得到,B组和C组的止血效果比A组的止血效果更加好,同时B组和C组相差无几,因而说明了加入止血淀粉微球的可吸收骨蜡具有更好的止血效果。
表1不同比例的骨蜡的凝血参数
表2不同比例的骨蜡的止血时间
实施例7具有止血抗炎效果和促进骨修复的可吸收骨蜡的APPT/PT
通过全血分析仪测定具有止血抗炎效果和促进骨修复骨蜡和血浆混合之后的活化部分凝血活酶时间(以下简称APTT)、凝血酶原时间(以下简称PT)和纤维蛋白原时间(以下简称FT)。将健康抗凝处理后的血液1000×g离心10min,取上层液。180μL血浆与20μL PBS或具有止血抗炎效果和促进骨修复骨蜡浸提液混合均匀,然后于37℃添加相应试剂,进入凝血仪分析运行阶段,平行3次。
结果如图5所示,从图5中可以看出,可吸收骨蜡的APTT值明显比PBS的APTT值小,同时加了止血淀粉微球的可吸收骨蜡的APTT与未加止血淀粉微球的可吸收骨蜡和PBS相比较,均有较大的减小。而从图5中可以看出三者的PT值没有明显的变化,因而说明可吸收骨蜡及止血淀粉微球均能够有效地促进血液的凝固。
实施例8具有止血抗炎效果和促进骨修复的可吸收骨蜡的细胞活性测试
通过CCK-8法对具有止血抗炎效果和促进骨修复骨蜡进行细胞活性检测。本实验所用的细胞是3T3细胞,而培养该细胞所用的培养液是含有10%的胎牛血清和1%的双抗(青霉素和链霉素的混合液)的DMEM的培养液,并且培养条件是在温度为37℃和CO2浓度为5%的培养箱中。在培养的过程中,每两天要给细胞换一次培养液,换细胞培养液的目的是为细胞增加新的营养物质、去除不贴壁的细胞以及细胞的代谢物。将灭菌过的不同组的具有止血抗炎效果和促进骨修复骨蜡置于48孔板中,随后将调整好的50μL的细胞悬浮液滴加到具有止血抗炎效果和促进骨修复骨蜡上,在培养箱中,孵育2h后,取450μL的培养液加到每组支架上,继续培养。分别在培养到1、4、7和10天后加入CCK-8试剂,按照1:10的比例加入,也就是说100μL的培养液加入10μL的CCK-8试剂,继续培养2-4h。在450nm波长的条件下,使用酶标仪读取每个孔的吸光光度值。
结果如图3所示。从图3中,可以看出各实验组的具有止血抗炎效果和促进骨修复骨蜡和对照组的细胞在第4天,第7天,第10天与第1天相比较,均有明显的细胞增殖。从而,说明了具有止血抗炎效果和促进骨修复骨蜡具有良好的生物相容性。
实施例9具有止血抗炎效果和促进骨修复的可吸收骨蜡的碱性磷酸酶(ALP)活性检测
将已灭菌的不同组具有止血抗炎效果和促进骨修复骨蜡放置于48孔培养板中。取培养至3代的细胞,使用0.25%胰酶将其从培养瓶中消化下来,再以转速为1000rpm进行离心,时间为5min,弃去上清液,再将含有血清和双抗(青霉素和链霉素的混合液)的α-DMEM培养液加入其中,并调整细胞浓度为每毫升含有5×107个细胞。每个具有止血抗炎效果和促进骨修复骨蜡样品上种植20μL的上述细胞悬浮液,将其置于37℃、5%CO2的培养箱中孵育的培养箱中孵育2个小时,再加入500μL的培养液继续的培养至7天和14天。在培养期间,2-3天更换一次培养液,目的是为了细胞能够获得足够的营养。从孔板中将具有止血抗炎效果和促进骨修复骨蜡取出,再用无菌PBS溶液润洗3次,然后将500μL细胞裂解液加入其中,随后将置于温度为4℃的超声细胞破碎仪中进行细胞破碎。对其离心,收集上清液。将500μLALP底物反应液加入上清液中,在水浴温度为37℃的条件下反应30min,为了终止反应,向反应液中加入500μL的浓度为0.1M的NaOH,随后用紫外可见光分度计测定样品在405nm处的分光度值,借助说明书计算ALP。每个时间点的每组具有止血抗炎效果和促进骨修复骨蜡至少平行测试3次。
实验结果如图4所示。从图4中可以看出,各实验组具有止血抗炎效果和促进骨修复骨蜡的细胞的ALP活性随着孵育时间的延长而呈现出增加的趋势,因此,可以说明加入了骨修复材料的骨蜡具有利于成骨的分化。
实施例10具有止血抗炎效果和促进骨修复的可吸收骨蜡抗菌性能测试
将可吸收骨蜡、负载有β-TCP-PDA-Ag的可吸收骨蜡放置于涂有金黄色葡萄球菌的固体培养基上,37℃放置过夜,进行抗菌环实验,观察可吸收骨蜡和负载有β-TCP-PDA-Ag的可吸收骨蜡的抗菌效果;
结果如图5和7所示,可吸收骨蜡组为图5中的(1),负载有β-TCP-PDA-Ag的可吸收骨蜡为图5中的(2)。从图7中可以明显看出负载有β-TCP-PDA-Ag的可吸收骨蜡具有良好的抗菌效果,而可吸收骨蜡没有抗菌效果。
最后应当说明的是,以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案而非对本发明保护范围的限制,尽管参照较佳实施例对本发明作了详细说明,本领域的普通技术人员应当理解,可以对本发明的技术方案进行修改或者等同替换,而不脱离本发明技术方案的实质和范围。
Claims (10)
1.一种骨修复材料的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
(1)取多巴胺盐酸盐,溶解在Tris-HCl缓冲液中,配成多巴胺溶液;
(2)将β-磷酸三钙加入步骤(1)所得多巴胺溶液中,经搅拌均匀、离心洗涤、冷冻干燥,得到包覆了聚多巴胺的β-磷酸三钙,标记为β-TCP-PDA;
(3)将步骤(2)所得β-TCP-PDA分散到银氨溶液中,再加入葡萄糖和聚乙烯吡咯烷酮,搅拌均匀,得到负载银纳米粒子的β-TCP骨修复材料,标记为β-TCP-PDA-Ag,即得所述骨修复材料。
2.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(3)中葡萄糖与银氨溶液中AgNO3的质量比为0.6。
3.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(2)中β-磷酸三钙(β-TCP)采用如下方法制备:
将Ca(NO3)2溶解于含有去离子水的烧杯中,形成含有Ca的溶液;
再将(NH4)2HPO4溶解于含有去离子水的烧杯中,形成含有P的溶液;
将SDS添加到上述Ca(NO3)2溶液中,在机械搅拌下,逐滴添加(NH4)2HPO4溶液;在滴加(NH4)2HPO4溶液的过程中,加入氨水,使整个体系在反应过程中保持PH≥10;
在(NH4)2HPO4溶液滴加完后,继续在机械搅拌下反应,之后静置沉淀陈化;随后用布氏漏斗进行抽滤,再用去离子水和无水乙醇交替洗涤沉淀物,直至滤液呈中性,将洗涤至中性的沉淀物真空干燥,得到松散、不结块的TCP粉末,将得到的松散TCP粉末烧结,得到β-磷酸三钙(β-TCP)粉末。
4.根据权利要求3所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述Ca(NO3)2与(NH4)2HPO4的摩尔比为3:1。
5.一种可吸收骨蜡的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
1)将聚氧丙烯聚氧乙烯嵌段共聚物(PEG-PPG-PEG)和聚氧丙烯聚氧乙烯无规共聚物(PEG-PPG)混合,在加热条件下搅拌均匀,得到液体混合物;
2)在保持机械搅拌和加热的条件下,向步骤1)所得液体混合物中加入止血淀粉微球,得到混合均匀的液体;
3)向步骤2)所得混合均匀的液体中加入权利要求1或2制备的骨修复材料,混合均匀后,倒入模具或者分装瓶中,常温下放置、固化成型即得所述可吸收骨蜡。
6.根据权利要求5所述的可吸收骨蜡的制备方法,其特征在于,所述PEG-PPG-PEG:PEG-PPG:止血淀粉微球:骨修复材料的摩尔比为3:7:2:0.5。
7.根据权利要求5所述的可吸收骨蜡的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤2)中止血淀粉微球采用如下方法制备:
取可溶性淀粉,加入纯化水,调匀,用无水碳酸钠调节pH,放到磁力搅拌器上加热搅拌,糊化至透明,冷却待用;
取交联剂,加入纯化水,放在磁力搅拌器上搅拌溶解,溶解后倒入糊化的淀粉溶液中,搅拌均匀,得到配制好的淀粉溶液;
在三口烧瓶中加入大豆油,然后加入乳化剂Span80,放入恒温水浴装置中加热至Span80完全溶解,降温至45℃、在机械搅拌下,将配制好的淀粉溶液缓慢加入,当淀粉溶液滴加完毕,在45℃条件下反应完全,之后离心分离得到油水相分离的溶液,分去油相,依次用无水乙醇、蒸馏水、丙酮交替洗涤,然后冷冻干燥即得到止血淀粉微球。
8.根据权利要求7所述的可吸收骨蜡的制备方法,其特征在于,所述油水相体积比为0~2:0~1。
9.根据权利要求8所述的可吸收骨蜡的制备方法,其特征在于,所述体积比为1:1。
10.一种可吸收骨蜡,其特征在于,所述骨蜡的制备原料包括PEG-PPG-PEG、PEG-PPG、止血淀粉微球和骨修复材料,其中,PEG-PPG-PEG:PEG-PPG:止血淀粉微球:骨修复材料的摩尔比为3:7:2:0.5。
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